Knowledge

Talk:Academic authorship

Source 📝

1026:'s "Scientific Authorship: Credit and Intellectual Property in Science" (ISBN 978-0-415-94293-5) and Biagioli, Mario, Peter Jaszi, and Martha Woodmanse's "Making and Unmaking Intellectual Property: Creative Production in Legal and Cultural Perspective" (ISBN 9780226907093), from the History of Science's point of view and a whole lot of literature in LIS (for example Adèle Paul-Hus, Nadine Desrochers, Sarah de Rijcke, Alexander D. Rushforth, (2017) "The reward system of science", Aslib Journal of Information Management, Vol. 69 Issue: 5, pp.478-485) for a review that traces back to 333: 315: 571:
necessarily general to all academics. Regarding whether this topic is large enough to stand alone, I believe it is. I think it is already at the level of detail that if it were a section in another article, someone would suggest summarizing and moving the detail to a separate article. I'd prefer to give this article a chance; we could re-evaluate its state after a couple months and see if it is progressing towards becoming a good stand-alone article.
178: 227: 206: 1010:
ones, as they are, in their majority, relevant to guidelines or policies of said journals and not a secondary analysis of the concept of academic authorship. As a matter of fact, I do believe that this article is very important because academi authorship is a very different concept from authorship in the litterary or publishing world. I also believe that the main relevant (secondary) litterature is to be found in
414: 396: 531: 480: 22: 237: 80: 53: 959: 90: 1046:
hybrid of a journal and a magazine. A good number of the citations that look like research articles are in fact from the news, commentary, feature, or letters sections. The news items in particular are no different from a item in a newspaper, written by a reporter about scholarly work someone else did - very much a secondary source.
1009:
Hello fellow Wikipedians (especially those watchlisting this article), Ater having read the article, I paradoxically believe that, although the references are numerous, diversified and come from peer reviewed academic journals, they arguably constitue a corpus of primary sources rather than secondary
598:
and re-focusing it on scientific publication. I don't think there's any reason to pretend that this discussion applies across all disciplines, and most of these issues simply don't occur outside of the scientific disciplines in which multiple coauthorship is common. (It's still fine with me to wait
627:
Obviously my own experience is not universal, and when I have a moment I'll look for sources on the topic, but to my knowledge in many/most humanities fields co-authorship (a) is relatively uncommon and (b) basically always means that both authors (there are almost always only two) had a significant
570:
I understand your concerns. Regarding the scope of the article, my personal knowledge limits what I can write about; there is no reason to think that the coverage won't be broaded by future contributors. I will attempt to shape the article so that it is clearer that what is currently written is not
580:
You're right, it's probably a good idea to leave the article here for a while and see if it grows. I am pretty sure that it will remain skewed toward scientific publication, simply because there's much more to say on the topic of authorship in fields where multiple coauthors are common. In most
1045:
I think it is important to notice that many of the items in the reference list that may at appear to be journal articles, clearly are not if you click through and have a look. While most scholarly journals are nothing but peer reviewed research, publications like Nature and Science are really a
547:
This is good material, but I'm not sure this is the best place for it, and thought some discussion might help. Two concerns: first, in its current state this article seems to deal entirely with scientific publishing and has nothing to say about "academic" authorship more broadly. And second,
1066:"In computer science in general the principal contributor is the first in the author list. However, the practice of putting the principal investigator last in the author list has increasingly become an accepted standard across most areas in science and engineering." 728:
Well, I know that in genome sequencing papers, the first one or two authors will be the principle investigators, the last usually the head of the department, and the authors in between are mostly laboratory technicians. I doubt there is an order in all those.
581:
humanities fields and some social sciences, single authors on articles and books are the norm (and authorship simply means direct involvement in writing the piece), making most of the questions described in the article much simpler. --
1069:
This phrase seems to confuse principal contributor with principal investigator (not the same thing). Should be clarified to say what is now accepted in cases where the PI *is* the principal contributor, do they go first or last?
706: 718:
Holy crap! I wouldn't have believed it until I saw it myself. Do you think that in this sort of paper there is a lot of significance attached to one's position on the list? Is eight author much more important than 50th?
628:
part in both the research and the writing of the piece. A more common form of collaboration is contribution to, or editing of, an anthology or collection on a shared topic, with each piece individually authored. --
831:
Although the article was tagged for merging, there was no discussion yet. I have removed the tag and redirected "Honorary Authorship" here, since all info in that article was already present here, too.
809:
From reading through a little of what you linked to above, it became apparent to me that our article lacks any discussion of plagarism, which of course, is a concept closely linked to authorship.
686:
I'd be interested to see a source (or examples) listed for the claim that "In genome sequencing and particle-physics collaborations, for example, a paper's author list can run into the hundreds."
1096: 1272:'A new type of misconduct in the field of the physical sciences: The case of the pseudonyms used by I. Ciufolini to anonymously criticize other people's works on arXiv' by L. Iorio". 376: 442: 738:
With these, it's usually some principals at the head and tail of the list. Then the "workers" are ordered first by institution, then alphabetical within the institution.
1030:'s system of ethos and reward. I can assign myself the task if it reaches consensus, and in the meantime, I would suggest to add a "secondary sources needed" template. 111:
on Knowledge. If you would like to support the project, please visit the project page, where you can get more details on how you can help, and where you can join the
1379: 1487: 1477: 1089:
In large, multi-center clinical trials authorship is often used as a reward for recruiting patients - citation number 17 does not say anything of the sort.
349: 1437: 438: 148: 138: 1482: 1472: 1462: 297: 287: 1492: 1467: 1447: 340: 320: 185: 63: 851:
The section on Order of Authors in a List copies word for word from the Nature paper cited. Despite the citation, this constitutes plagiarism.
421: 401: 1404: 113: 1432: 523: 263: 1457: 1452: 1071: 1100: 867: 1442: 103: 58: 1220:
The feud between Iorio and Ciufolini is so toxic and completely unlike anything else that it represents nothing normal. And per
1015: 250: 211: 1234: 784: 33: 1035: 1018:
ones. They are the schoalrs specialized in assessing what the concept is. In a nutshell, I would suggest to consider
1224:, we shouldn't be given these two any sort of spotlight. The discussion on pseudonyms should be much more general. 1350: 743: 1075: 914: 781: 863: 1208: 1179: 1159: 1031: 662: 618:
How about fields such as history? In an original research article, is it common to have multiple authors?
690: 262:
topics on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
991: 971:
If you have discovered URLs which were erroneously considered dead by the bot, you can report them with
888: 730: 710: 595: 553: 495: 39: 913:. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit 859: 1139: 949: 855: 1019: 21: 906: 739: 687: 549: 507: 556:? Is there really enough of a separate topic here for this to stand on its own as an article? -- 348:
on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
1328: 1320: 1299: 1281: 1230: 1011: 259: 594:
After thinking about this a bit more, I'm inclined to favor (eventually) moving this article to
479: 1195:
has reinstated my removal, so that's where things will sit unless there is further discussion.
1138:
I can't see how this situation is significant enough to warrant inclusion in this article. But
972: 1196: 1167: 1147: 1119: 1051: 814: 800: 654: 633: 608: 586: 561: 512: 95: 1400: 1375: 1309: 1291: 1242: 1027: 987: 884: 837: 773: 768: 516: 426: 345: 242: 1095:. st/10.1126/science.7701334 - link to the citation, since the article is behind a paywall 979: 650: 332: 314: 1238: 928: 922: 777: 978:
If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with
177: 1426: 1226: 1221: 1192: 1143: 1131: 1023: 1380:"Journal retracts letter accusing physicist of using fake names to criticize papers" 1302: 1047: 810: 796: 720: 697: 672: 629: 619: 604: 582: 572: 557: 833: 766:
This article completely lacks any discussion of priority disputes in math, e.g.
226: 205: 1146:) reverted my edit removing it and asked to discuss on talk, so let's discuss. 1247: 1215: 1186: 1104: 1079: 1055: 1039: 999: 892: 871: 841: 818: 804: 789: 747: 733: 723: 713: 700: 675: 665: 636: 622: 611: 589: 575: 564: 430: 232: 108: 85: 490: 413: 395: 255: 649:
If you want to inject some relevant humor into the article, I suggest this
1317:. If this is an intentional citation to a retracted paper, please replace 236: 599:
a few weeks/months before making the move, but I don't think the article
1405:"Retraction of letter alleging sock puppetry now cites "legal reasons"" 1122:
is accused of publishing two papers on the scientific preprint archive
1118:
In the field of physics, one case of usage of pseudonyms is denounced.
434: 107:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of content related to 1313: 1295: 966:
An editor has reviewed this edit and fixed any errors that were found.
1127: 603:
be expanded to cover the humanities in a way that makes sense.) --
79: 52: 1286: 1123: 1274:
Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology
474: 15: 499:
column on 7 July 2007. The text of the entry was as follows:
934:
When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the
529: 176: 917:
for additional information. I made the following changes:
1126:
under pseudonyms, each criticizing one of the rivals to
696:
I'm pretty sure I got that from the van Loon reference.
437:
on Knowledge. Please visit the project page to join the
910: 883:
Please add a section on statistical authorship model.
1134:. Such conduct is a violation of arXiv terms of use. 847:
Article copies directly from source (i.e. plagiarism)
929:
http://epac.web.cern.ch/EPAC/sitges/abstr/abstr.html
923:
http://epac.web.cern.ch/EPAC/sitges/abstr/abstr.html
425:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 344:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 254:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 159: 1092: 548:perhaps this would work better as a section of 1344: 1342: 8: 774:Grigori Perelman#Withdrawal from mathematics 519:is sometimes claimed by over 100 scientists? 377:WikiProject Academic Journals' writing guide 1351:"Science Pseudonyms vs Science Sockpuppets" 390: 309: 200: 156: 47: 1285: 905:I have just modified 2 external links on 709:(Note: pseudo-randomly selected author) 681: 671:Sweet, but of course, it's copyrighted. 511:of a research article in fields such as 381:for tips on how to improve this article. 1260: 392: 358:Knowledge:WikiProject Academic Journals 311: 202: 49: 19: 1097:2405:201:5008:9076:DF97:9EEA:EA40:6460 682:Source for 'hundreds of authors' claim 451:Knowledge:WikiProject Higher education 361:Template:WikiProject Academic Journals 117:about philosophy content on Knowledge. 1488:WikiProject Higher education articles 1478:WikiProject Academic Journal articles 946:to let others know (documentation at 522:A record of the entry may be seen at 454:Template:WikiProject Higher education 7: 1114:This article contains the paragraph 524:Knowledge:Recent additions/2007/July 419:This article is within the scope of 338:This article is within the scope of 248:This article is within the scope of 101:This article is within the scope of 778:Yau's criticism of Chinese academia 38:It is of interest to the following 1438:Low-importance Philosophy articles 14: 1483:B-Class Higher education articles 1473:B-Class Academic Journal articles 1463:Low-importance education articles 1130:, what is argued to be a form of 909:. Please take a moment to review 530: 957: 478: 412: 394: 331: 313: 235: 225: 204: 123:Knowledge:WikiProject Philosophy 88: 78: 51: 20: 1493:Knowledge Did you know articles 1016:Library and Information Science 927:Corrected formatting/usage for 921:Corrected formatting/usage for 292:This article has been rated as 272:Knowledge:WikiProject Education 143:This article has been rated as 126:Template:WikiProject Philosophy 1468:WikiProject Education articles 1448:Low-importance ethics articles 748:15:33, 16 September 2008 (UTC) 734:16:48, 11 September 2007 (UTC) 275:Template:WikiProject Education 1: 1080:11:18, 26 November 2021 (UTC) 1040:21:49, 26 November 2018 (UTC) 819:18:47, 8 September 2009 (UTC) 805:18:39, 8 September 2009 (UTC) 790:10:34, 7 September 2009 (UTC) 780:for more anecdotal evidence. 352:and see a list of open tasks. 341:WikiProject Academic Journals 266:and see a list of open tasks. 1056:21:09, 21 January 2023 (UTC) 1005:The issue of primary sources 879:Statistical Authorship Model 842:18:27, 16 January 2010 (UTC) 645:Possible light-hearted image 422:WikiProject Higher education 1433:B-Class Philosophy articles 1014:journals (or books) and in 724:20:49, 22 August 2007 (UTC) 714:11:22, 22 August 2007 (UTC) 1509: 1458:B-Class education articles 1453:Ethics task force articles 1166:12:19, 20 July 2024 (UTC) 902:Hello fellow Wikipedians, 893:03:52, 2 August 2013 (UTC) 298:project's importance scale 149:project's importance scale 1248:15:05, 24 July 2024 (UTC) 1216:13:15, 24 July 2024 (UTC) 1187:12:19, 20 July 2024 (UTC) 1105:16:24, 26 June 2024 (UTC) 872:21:27, 27 June 2011 (UTC) 457:Higher education articles 407: 372: 364:Academic Journal articles 326: 291: 220: 184: 155: 142: 73: 46: 1000:09:44, 4 July 2016 (UTC) 701:01:09, 9 July 2007 (UTC) 691:22:17, 8 July 2007 (UTC) 676:20:50, 7 July 2007 (UTC) 666:16:22, 7 July 2007 (UTC) 637:20:25, 3 July 2007 (UTC) 623:19:52, 3 July 2007 (UTC) 612:19:07, 3 July 2007 (UTC) 590:14:12, 3 July 2007 (UTC) 576:13:29, 3 July 2007 (UTC) 565:18:48, 2 July 2007 (UTC) 489:appeared on Knowledge's 441:, and see the project's 1443:B-Class ethics articles 898:External links modified 707:selected PubMed example 160:Associated task forces: 1331:|...|intentional=yes}} 1136: 795:Thanks for the leads. 535: 181: 104:WikiProject Philosophy 28:This article is rated 1116: 705:A practical example: 596:scientific authorship 554:scientific publishing 533: 251:WikiProject Education 180: 1142:(in accordance with 1268:Iorio, L. (2014). " 938:parameter below to 907:Academic authorship 550:academic publishing 487:Academic authorship 129:Philosophy articles 1085:Incorrect citation 1012:History of Science 536: 445:for useful advice. 278:education articles 182: 114:general discussion 34:content assessment 1355:Discover Magazine 1314:10.1002/asi.23238 1296:10.1002/asi.23238 1214: 1185: 1165: 1120:Ignazio Ciufolini 1032:Alexandre Hocquet 998: 875: 858:comment added by 787: 540: 539: 513:genome sequencing 473: 472: 469: 468: 465: 464: 443:article guideline 389: 388: 385: 384: 355:Academic Journals 346:Academic Journals 321:Academic Journals 308: 307: 304: 303: 260:education-related 199: 198: 195: 194: 191: 190: 96:Philosophy portal 1500: 1416: 1415: 1413: 1411: 1403:(16 June 2014). 1401:Retraction Watch 1397: 1391: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1376:Retraction Watch 1372: 1366: 1365: 1363: 1361: 1346: 1337: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1324: 1308:(Retracted, see 1306: 1289: 1265: 1246: 1207: 1178: 1158: 1028:Robert K. Merton 994: 993:Talk to my owner 989: 964: 961: 960: 953: 874: 852: 827:Merge discussion 785: 769:Manifold Destiny 660: 532: 517:particle physics 482: 475: 459: 458: 455: 452: 449: 448:Higher education 427:higher education 416: 409: 408: 402:Higher education 398: 391: 366: 365: 362: 359: 356: 335: 328: 327: 317: 310: 280: 279: 276: 273: 270: 245: 243:Education portal 240: 239: 229: 222: 221: 216: 208: 201: 167: 157: 131: 130: 127: 124: 121: 98: 93: 92: 91: 82: 75: 74: 69: 66: 55: 48: 31: 25: 24: 16: 1508: 1507: 1503: 1502: 1501: 1499: 1498: 1497: 1423: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1419: 1409: 1407: 1399: 1398: 1394: 1384: 1382: 1378:(3 June 2014). 1374: 1373: 1369: 1359: 1357: 1348: 1347: 1340: 1326: 1318: 1316: 1307: 1267: 1266: 1262: 1225: 1112: 1110:Physics example 1093:https://sci-hub 1087: 1064: 1007: 997: 992: 962: 958: 947: 915:this simple FaQ 900: 881: 853: 849: 829: 764: 684: 658: 657: 647: 545: 456: 453: 450: 447: 446: 363: 360: 357: 354: 353: 277: 274: 271: 268: 267: 241: 234: 214: 165: 128: 125: 122: 119: 118: 94: 89: 87: 67: 61: 32:on Knowledge's 29: 12: 11: 5: 1506: 1504: 1496: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1425: 1424: 1418: 1417: 1392: 1367: 1349:Neuroskeptic. 1338: 1259: 1258: 1254: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1250: 1111: 1108: 1086: 1083: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1058: 1020:Mario Biagioli 1006: 1003: 990: 984: 983: 976: 932: 931: 925: 899: 896: 880: 877: 848: 845: 828: 825: 824: 823: 822: 821: 763: 760: 759: 758: 757: 756: 755: 754: 753: 752: 751: 750: 740:Originalname37 683: 680: 679: 678: 655: 646: 643: 642: 641: 640: 639: 616: 615: 614: 592: 544: 541: 538: 537: 527: 521: 520: 483: 471: 470: 467: 466: 463: 462: 460: 417: 405: 404: 399: 387: 386: 383: 382: 370: 369: 367: 350:the discussion 336: 324: 323: 318: 306: 305: 302: 301: 294:Low-importance 290: 284: 283: 281: 264:the discussion 247: 246: 230: 218: 217: 215:Low‑importance 209: 197: 196: 193: 192: 189: 188: 183: 173: 172: 170: 168: 162: 161: 153: 152: 145:Low-importance 141: 135: 134: 132: 100: 99: 83: 71: 70: 68:Low‑importance 56: 44: 43: 37: 26: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1505: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1430: 1428: 1406: 1402: 1396: 1393: 1381: 1377: 1371: 1368: 1356: 1352: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1330: 1322: 1315: 1311: 1304: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1264: 1261: 1257: 1249: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1219: 1218: 1217: 1213: 1211: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1194: 1191: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1184: 1182: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1164: 1162: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1141: 1135: 1133: 1132:ventriloquism 1129: 1125: 1121: 1115: 1109: 1107: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1084: 1082: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1072:80.189.45.169 1067: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1044: 1043: 1042: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1024:Peter Galison 1021: 1017: 1013: 1004: 1002: 1001: 995: 988: 981: 977: 974: 970: 969: 968: 967: 955: 951: 945: 941: 937: 930: 926: 924: 920: 919: 918: 916: 912: 908: 903: 897: 895: 894: 890: 886: 878: 876: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 846: 844: 843: 839: 835: 826: 820: 816: 812: 808: 807: 806: 802: 798: 794: 793: 792: 791: 788: 783: 779: 775: 771: 770: 761: 749: 745: 741: 737: 736: 735: 732: 731:217.122.83.79 727: 726: 725: 722: 717: 716: 715: 712: 711:217.122.83.79 708: 704: 703: 702: 699: 695: 694: 693: 692: 689: 677: 674: 670: 669: 668: 667: 664: 661: 652: 644: 638: 635: 631: 626: 625: 624: 621: 617: 613: 610: 606: 602: 597: 593: 591: 588: 584: 579: 578: 577: 574: 569: 568: 567: 566: 563: 559: 555: 551: 542: 528: 525: 518: 514: 510: 509: 504: 501: 500: 498: 497: 492: 488: 484: 481: 477: 476: 461: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 423: 418: 415: 411: 410: 406: 403: 400: 397: 393: 380: 379: 378: 371: 368: 351: 347: 343: 342: 337: 334: 330: 329: 325: 322: 319: 316: 312: 299: 295: 289: 286: 285: 282: 265: 261: 257: 253: 252: 244: 238: 233: 231: 228: 224: 223: 219: 213: 210: 207: 203: 187: 179: 175: 174: 171: 169: 164: 163: 158: 154: 150: 146: 140: 137: 136: 133: 116: 115: 110: 106: 105: 97: 86: 84: 81: 77: 76: 72: 65: 60: 57: 54: 50: 45: 41: 35: 27: 23: 18: 17: 1408:. Retrieved 1395: 1383:. Retrieved 1370: 1358:. Retrieved 1354: 1280:(11): 2375. 1277: 1273: 1269: 1263: 1255: 1209: 1201: 1197: 1180: 1172: 1168: 1160: 1152: 1148: 1137: 1117: 1113: 1091: 1088: 1068: 1065: 1008: 985: 965: 956: 943: 939: 935: 933: 904: 901: 882: 854:— Preceding 850: 830: 767: 765: 685: 648: 600: 546: 506: 503:Did you know 502: 496:Did you know 494: 486: 485:A fact from 431:universities 420: 375: 374: 339: 293: 249: 144: 112: 102: 40:WikiProjects 1270:Withdrawal: 950:Sourcecheck 885:Aravind V R 860:Chickadee84 772:; see also 762:Mathematics 1427:Categories 1360:12 January 1256:References 1140:Geysirhead 508:authorship 439:discussion 120:Philosophy 109:philosophy 59:Philosophy 1329:retracted 1321:retracted 1287:1407.2137 1124:arXiv.org 1062:Ambiguity 980:this tool 973:this tool 534:Knowledge 505:... that 491:Main Page 269:Education 256:education 212:Education 1303:62597108 1227:Headbomb 1193:Headbomb 986:Cheers.— 868:contribs 856:unsigned 688:Orthabok 543:Untitled 435:colleges 1048:Ike9898 996::Online 936:checked 911:my edit 811:ike9898 797:ike9898 721:ike9898 698:ike9898 673:ike9898 630:Rbellin 620:ike9898 605:Rbellin 583:Rbellin 573:ike9898 558:Rbellin 493:in the 296:on the 147:on the 30:B-class 1410:24 May 1385:24 May 1323:|...}} 1222:WP:DUE 1200:apital 1171:apital 1151:apital 1144:WP:BRD 1128:LAGEOS 944:failed 834:Crusio 433:, and 186:Ethics 64:Ethics 36:scale. 1325:with 1300:S2CID 1282:arXiv 659:izard 651:comic 1412:2019 1387:2019 1362:2020 1204:asha 1175:asha 1155:asha 1101:talk 1076:talk 1052:talk 1036:talk 1022:and 940:true 889:talk 864:talk 838:talk 815:talk 801:talk 786:ping 782:Pcap 776:and 744:talk 634:Talk 609:Talk 587:Talk 562:Talk 515:and 373:See 258:and 1310:doi 1292:doi 1212:alk 1183:alk 1163:alk 954:). 942:or 601:can 552:or 288:Low 139:Low 1429:: 1353:. 1341:^ 1327:{{ 1319:{{ 1298:. 1290:. 1278:65 1276:. 1241:· 1237:· 1233:· 1206:~ 1177:~ 1157:~ 1103:) 1078:) 1054:) 1038:) 952:}} 948:{{ 891:) 870:) 866:• 840:) 832:-- 817:) 803:) 746:) 653:. 429:, 166:/ 62:: 1414:. 1389:. 1364:. 1335:) 1333:. 1312:: 1305:. 1294:: 1284:: 1245:} 1243:b 1239:p 1235:c 1231:t 1229:{ 1210:t 1202:S 1198:C 1181:t 1173:S 1169:C 1161:t 1153:S 1149:C 1099:( 1074:( 1050:( 1034:( 982:. 975:. 963:Y 887:( 862:( 836:( 813:( 799:( 742:( 663:@ 656:W 632:| 607:| 585:| 560:| 526:. 300:. 151:. 42::

Index


content assessment
WikiProjects
WikiProject icon
Philosophy
Ethics
WikiProject icon
Philosophy portal
WikiProject Philosophy
philosophy
general discussion
Low
project's importance scale
Taskforce icon
Ethics
WikiProject icon
Education
WikiProject icon
icon
Education portal
WikiProject Education
education
education-related
the discussion
Low
project's importance scale
WikiProject icon
Academic Journals
WikiProject icon
WikiProject Academic Journals

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.