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Many diseases and injuries can restrict the range of motion, so that the patient’s position could be suboptimal. Consequently could the applicability be lowered. If the joint extension range is restricted due to a traumatic event, a parallel positioning of the forearm to the board can improve the assessment of the humero-radial joint and the radius head at an a.p. projection. The lateral projection is not affected by an extension deficit because it does not require any extension of the arm. But the full supination of the forearm is still necessary. On the basis of an x-Ray it is difficult to quantify any supination deficit.
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therefore inappropriate to use this reference in
Knowledge as evidence for the existence of a sex difference. Furthermore, the magnitude of the sex difference given in Knowledge is not consistent with the scientific literature (last 50 years). I suggest that the first paragraph of this section be replaced by following text (or something along these lines). The rephrasing also explains the relationship between the hips and carrying angle, which is not explained clearly in the current entry – see Rojomoke's query below.
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Ideal storage is possible with elevation of the arm at the isocenter of the magnet. It can occur that a prolonged storage of the arm towards cranial triggers shoulder impingement symptoms. Depending on the available equipment and technology examination with the arm positioned alongside of the body is possible. But that occasionally involves limitations in spectral fat saturation. A storage of the elbow joint on the belly is inappropriate.
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limited. Through power
Doppler neovascularizations can be detected sensitively at synovitis or epicondylitis. The examination is carried out by a linear transducer with a frequency from 7.5 up to 13Â MHz. The extensioned elbow joint should be depicted ventrally and dorsally, both longitudinally and transversely.
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The arthrosonography allows a dynamic study of the soft tissue and bone surfaces. The clinical use is well established, particularly in the pediatrics and rheumatology. In order to verify an intraarticular fluid accumulation the ultrasound is the method of first choice. The evaluation of cartilage is
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Husarik et al. examined 60 non-sympomatic volunteers on a 1.5 Tesla MR system. Sequences of choice were T1-weighted spin echo, sagittal T2-weighted fast spin echo, coronar fast spin echo inversion recovery with short time of inversion, transversal intermediate weighted with fat-saturation and coronar
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Please stop putting comments in this article about a so-called "wienus" (or however you want to spell it)! There is no such thing as a weinus! It is certainly not another name for the elbow or any part of the elbow. It does not exist. It is not mentioned in the
Terminologia Anatomica as issued by the
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The anterior ulnar collateral ligament and the radial collateral ligament were entirely visible in all of the volunteers. The posterior UCL, the lateral UCL and the ligamentum anulare AL were entirely visible on 97%, 85%, respectively, 98%. An increased signal intensity in liquid sensitive sequences
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Beyond solely the fracture diagnosis, MRI is the cross-section imaging device of choice. This applies to suspected soft tissue changes as well as for chronic overuse injuries and joint blocks. The positioning of the elbow joint is more difficult compared to CT. Surface coils are obligatory required.
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The conventional radiography is still a very useful and therefore basic diagnostic tool for the elbow joint. But "cave": The default settings of the X-ray do not match the physiological central joint position. The standard projection in an a.p. beam requires full extension and supination of the arm.
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Dear Morbid, You may have mis-read my amendment regarding a sex-bias in the carrying angle. I was referring to reference listed in the
Knowledge page (Steel and Tomlinson- reference 1 in my list below). Steel and Tomlinson state that their study disproves the existence of a sex difference. It is
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Typical indications for an ultrasonographic examination of the elbow joint: Bony destruction, usure, osteophytes, non-attached joint fragment, chondromatose, osteochondrosis dissecans, avascular bone-cartilage-necrosis, intraarticular volume gain: joint effusion or synovialitis, bursitis, lesion of
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It has to be added that the sagittal plane is at an eventual "postero-lateral rotary instability", for example after dislocation, a good choice to illustrate the centering of the radius head or changes at the olecranon. An injection of contrast agent can be helpful in epicondylitis or rare overuse
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Especially in this joint, the assessment of soft tissue can point to joint effusions. For example the so-called anterior and posterior fat pad sign. A special projection targeted towards the radius head can improve the judging concerning a fracture. First and foremost common after an inconspicuous
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The elbow joint is a complex joint, which consists of three individual joints: humero-radial joint, humero-ulnar joint, and radio-ulnar joint. Numerous ligaments, tendons and muscles are surrounding the joint. The main indications for imaging are acute trauma and chronic overuse injuries. Not only
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Please put comments in this article about a so-called "wienus" (or however you want to spell it)! There is certainly such a thing as a weinus! It is certainly another name for the elbow and any part of the elbow. It does exist. It is greatly mentioned in the
Terminologia Anatomica as issued by
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The carrying angle permits the arm to be swung without contacting the hips. Women on average have smaller shoulders and wider hips than men, which may necessitate a greater carrying angle. There is, however, extensive overlap in the carrying angle between individual men and women, and a sex-bias
74:
what's the reverse side from the elbow called in human anatomy, the pit where it bends in. It should say in this article and link to it I'd think. It seems basic anatomy, but I can't for the life of me think of what it would be called. I don't mean the name of any internal muscle relating to the
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When the arm is extended, with the palm facing forward or up, the bones of the upper arm and forearm are not perfectly aligned. The deviation from a straight line occurs in the direction of the thumb, and is referred to as the carrying angle (visible in the right half of the picture, right).
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I am removing the comment about the "weinus" because it sites no literature nor does it offer any actual information. The article states that "weinus" has been declared the scientific name for "the ligament." What ligament??? There are numerous ligaments in the elbow but none of them can be
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The CT scans gained of considerable importance in the diagnosis of articular fractures and their therapeutic control. The patient lies in a supine position and the joint should be positioned in moderate flexion over the head. If the arm would be mounted next to the body or on the abdomen, the
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Radius capitulum axis RCA: The longitudinal axis intersects the shaft of the radius of the capitulum in all projections. But contrary to the popular opinion, the intersection is only in 75% positioned at the center of the capitulum humeri. Slight misalignment shows no radius head deformity.
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They concluded that the elbow ligaments and the plica postero-lateralis are throughout visible at non-symptomatic individuals on conventional MR images. Most of the physiological ligaments are thinner than 4mm and most of the physiological plicae are thinner than 3mm.
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The angle is greater in the dominant limb than the non-dominant limb of both sexes , suggesting that natural forces acting on the elbow modify the carrying angle. Developmental , ageing and possibly racial influences add further to the variability of this parameter.
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As a parameter, a layer of 2mm thickness and a FOV of 80-120mm is recommended. Basically, an investigation of musculo-skeletal problems in an extended matrix (320, 384, 448, 512) should be sought. The goal should be a pixel size of 0.4Â mm.
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the distal biceps tendon, dislocation of the caput radii, elbow joint instability, changes of the humeral neck retro torsion angle, gout tophus, rheumatic node, inflammative rheumatic diseases, fractures, foreign bodies, tumor.
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has been found at the anterior UCL, posterior UCL, RCL, lateral UCL and AL on 15%, 7%, 2%, 10%, respectively, 2%. 98% showed a plica postero-lateralis but only 33% a posterior plica. 85% showed a pseudo defect of the capitulum.
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radiation exposure is higher and the picture is more vulnerable for artifacts. The investigation should be performed on a multidetector CT with minimum thickness, supplemented by adapted sagittal and coronal reformations.
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I've been told that the "wenis" (or however it would be spelled) is the name for the rough skin on the outside of the elbow. I came to this article to verify whether that was true or not.
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3. Zampagni, M.L., et al., Estimating the elbow carrying angle with an electrogoniometer: acquisition of data and reliability of measurements. Orthopedics, 2008. 31(4): p. 370.
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Anterior humerus line AHL: The AHL intersects the medial third of the capitulum if the lateral position is exact. Consequently are extension and flexion malpositions after
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standard general view but traumatic joint effusion. Other special projections like the sulcus-ulnaris projection get more and more displaced by the cross sectional imaging.
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4. Paraskevas, G., et al., Study of the carrying angle of the human elbow joint in full extension: a morphometric analysis. Surg Radiol Anat, 2004. 26(1): p. 19-23.
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I agree, I'd like to know the distinction between the elbow and knee, especially when it comes to 4-legged animals.Shhac 21:58, 3 August 2010 (UTC)
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the FCAT and it was dubiously mentioned in all of the preceding variations of the Nomina
Anatomica. Keep putting it in the article! :) <3
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5. Yilmaz, E., et al., Variation of carrying angle with age, sex, and special reference to side. Orthopedics, 2005. 28(11): p. 1360-3.
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substituted as a synonym for the elbow. "Weinus" belongs in the so-called urban dictionary. No anatomist recognizes this term.
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426:. Both contribute to stability, protection, and mechanics in their joints. However, if I recall correctly, the patella is a
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2. Van Roy, P., et al., Arthro-kinematics of the elbow: study of the carrying angle. Ergonomics, 2005. 48(11-14): p. 1645-56.
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Sorry about the late reply, no, "wenis/weinus" is not even a word and it is certainly not the name of any anatomic structure!
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FCAT nor was it ever mentioned in any of the preceding variations of the Nomina
Anatomica. Stop putting it in the article!
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for these indications are CT and MRI used, but also for peripheral nerve compression syndromes and other joint diseases.
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1. Steel, F.L.D. and J.D.W. Tomlinson, The carrying angle in man. The
Journal of Anatomy, 1958. 92: p. 315-317.
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tendons that surrounds it, while the olecranon first appears as an ossification centre in the ulna. --
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Can someone explain how the larger carrying angle in women is due to their wider pelvic girdle?
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three-dimensional fast imaging with steady state precession (FISP) with water stimulus.
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If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the
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6. Tukenmez, M., et al., . Acta Orthop
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Imaging of the elbow; H. Rosenthal; Radiologie up2date 2007; 7(3): 227-244;
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Ultrasound examination technique of the elbow and wrist joints.; Gruber G.
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Interesting facts about the ligaments of the elbow joint; Husarik DB.
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Nevertheless is this reference line valuable for the diagnosis.
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Is there more information on the creases and folds? Thanks.
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has not been consistently observed in scientific studies .
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I find the skin on the outside of elbow interesting.
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I think the knee cap equivalent in the elbow is the
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