2174:. The actual cognitive control processes involved in task switching are goal switching and rule acquisition. Pure multi-tasking is possible when engaging in tasks that use separate brain regions, such as having a conversation using cortical executive control and engaging in automatic driving behavior via procedural/non-declarative striatum and cerebellum activity. However, this is an executive function article, so the definition of "executive functions" need not include non-declarative activity. Executive functions may monitor multiple tasks, but only one at a time (switching). Driving also involves executive functions, such as planning speed adjustments, evaluating other drivers' behavior, etc.; research evaluating multi-tasking in driving shows that having a conversation while driving hampers driving performance (i.e., increases reaction time, which is one of the primary causes of automobile accidents, especially in teens). The wording of the example, "paying more attention to traffic when necessary, and more attention to the conversation when possible," demonstrates that people can't do both simultaneously.
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astronaut Jerry
Linenger). The idea of multi-tasking was originally referred to as "multiple sub-goal scheduling" tasks, but "multitasking" is a catchier term. The problem with the term is that people assume they can multitask, which leads to worse performance in school, the workplace, and increases chances of getting hurt while performing complex tasks. Those who think they're good multi-taskers are actually worse multi-taskers. People who visit this article should know that task switching is what they are doing, which decreases efficiency of cognitive control. Perhaps we can change "multi-tasking" to "task switching?" Referring to multi-tasking seems to only perpetuates a misunderstanding in the general public.
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it within the article body (as well as a mention of
Dysexecutive Syndrom). I propose a separate section for Executive Dysfunction focusing more on psychopathology and issues relating to it. There is currently an article for "Dysexecutive Syndrome," and I think that article could be merged into a broader Executive Dysfunction article. I realize this is a drastic change, but I am currently working with a group of students to create such an article and we are quite prepared to make a well-organized and comprehensive contribution. Such an article would include discussion of executive dysfunction from neuropsychological, medical, socio-cultural and educational perspectives (among others).
2397:. Does the article mean that the theoretical framework was not new in 1977? Or is it that the framework was not new when this article was written? But why comment on that if the footnote is to 1977? And is such a statement meaningful in 2017? Could the author please restate this sentence so that it will be correct forever? Also this statement might be clarified. Are you speaking about the theoretical framework of the research done right before 1977? It seems confusing or platitudinous that one would speak about research done before 1977 having a theoretical framework not new when this article was written or in 2017. (
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Great work guys! I wanted to add that I would love to see some images on this page. Featured articles that are really fun to read have great visuals. A giant wall full of black and white text can sometimes make things a bit hard/slow to read. Especially with neuroanatomy and experimental neuroimaging
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Field-dependence was once believed to reflect a robust fundamental personality trait or cognitive style. As I recall, it turned out to be moderately correlated with a variety of other traits. With this sort of topic, the reasons research interest gradually dries up are often never published. You have
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I tried to edit the references to add the title of the first one, since it only has the journal title, but all I get is a tag to
ReferenceList - how do I edit the actual references? BTW the title in question was "Assessment of executive functions: Review of instruments and identification of critical
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I'm somewhat disappointed at the quality and organization of this article. Executive
Functions is an important topic that reaches into a huge range of areas in psychology. In particular, I take issue with the redirection of "executive dysfunction" to this article. There is only a single mention of
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I can't agree with this. The term "cognitive control" is very nebulous, whereas at least scientists generally understand what "executive function" is supposed to mean. Also, I believe the term is still pretty widely used. (I myself am not fond of it, but that's another story...) In any case, this
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There is a continuous problem noted in
Knowledge articles where editors write in terms of the present, but that present quickly becomes past -- thus the present terms become wrong. For example, writing about something as having "recently" happened, leads to incorrect statement in a short period of
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Hi 141.238.29.152! You were very quick in removing "multi-tasking". However, there is a reference for it, whereas you don't provide a reference for your statement ("mosts research suggests" is not a source). It also surprises me, because, for instance driving a car while talking with someone is an
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I believe that the citation for the definition of multitasking is actually a compilation of other works and the source does not directly examine multi-tasking. In fact, the Chan article refers to a work by
Burgess and colleagues which explains the history of the term multi-tasking (i.e., used by
2054:
Overall, the article is very good; there are a few minor problems, though these are not enough to fail the GA nomination. My only concern is that the lead section is way too short; it should serve as a shorter summary of the whole article, rather than serve as an introduction. If you manage to
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I agree that "multi-tasking" is a misleading term for a process of task switching among multiple activities. Multi-tasking, and "dual tasks" are research paradigms, not cognitive processes or executive funtions. People cannot multi-task on control function tasks because each tasks requires
1311:"Executive functions" are the functions that are carried out by the executive system. The executive system is the system that carries out executive functions. I agree that the wording of the article is very awkward, but I don't think it's a question of apples and oranges.
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Usually, in academic publications, supported by citations, you don't mention the degree, on the assumption that the person who did the research is a professor and has an appropriate degree. So, "Earl Miller," or "Earl Miller of
University of Whatever" is acceptable.
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I can't find any evidence to suggest that
Broadbent introduced the term "selective attention" any earlier than when publishing his article on the Filter Model of Attention in 1958. Thus he couldn't have introduced the term in the 1940's as the article says he did
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I suggest to change the title of this article to 'cognitive control' and redirect 'executive functions' to it rather than the other way around. In the recent high-impact scientific literature the term 'executive functions' seems to have fallen out of
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The actual content of the reference appears in the text source at the spot where you see the number . You will probably be able to figure out how it works -- you need to add a "title=..." field. Let me know if you continue to have difficulties.
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In general, some sentences seem overly long or have a "run-on" feel. I think it might be easier to read if a more concise writing style is used. There were also a few grammar issues/sentences that were a bit confusing to a lay reader (see italics
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example of multi-tasking in which a person needs to constantly need to monitor their attention, paying more attention to traffic when necessary, and more attention to the conversation when possible. So of course executive functions are involved.
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Collet, C. C., Clarion, A. A., Morel, M. M., Chapon, A. A., & Petit, C. C. (2009). Physiological and behavioural changes associated to the management of secondary tasks while driving. Applied
Ergonomics, 40(6), 1041-1046.
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Thanks for the quick response! It's part of an assignment for a university psychology course, so we'll work as a group and then post the results of our collaboration using the account provided by the course instructor.
1749:. The lead should serve as a summary of the article and be able to stand-alone as a shorter version. The lead needs considerable expansion; I'd suggest substantial coverage on each top level heading in the article.
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Chan, R., Shum, D., Toulopoulou, T., & Chen, E. (2008). Assessment of executive functions: Review of instruments and identification of critical issues. Archives of
Clinical Neuropsychology, 23(2), 201-216.
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As long as you follow the literature, I think this is an excellent plan. One point that wasn't completely clear: if multiple people are going to work on the article, each one should have a separate account.
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Rubinstein, J. D., Meyer, D. E., & Evans, J. E. (2001). Executive Control of cognitive processes in task switching. Journal of Experimental Psychology - Human Perception and Performance, 27(4), 763-797.
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The overview of the article mentions multi-tasking; however, most reseacrh suggests that multi-tasking is not possible unless the other task is not executive function related (automatic/procedural memory)
947:"When studying executive functions, a developmental framework is helpful because these abilities mature at different rates over time, with some peaking in late childhood or adolescence while others progress
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Adding more within-Knowledge links to some subsections may be helpful (i.e., Development sections, bilinugal section, SAS Model (for example, schema. BTW - plural of schema should be schemata or schemas)).
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I think field-dependence vs. independence has gone dormant as a research topic. The "rod and frame" apparatus was used to assess it, and also a less cumbersome procedure called the embedded figures test.
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to talk with an "insider," i.e., someone who was in the trenches, doing the research, to find out. And, sometimes, these topics simply "go out of fashion," typically when their advocates die or retire.
986:"More Recent Contributions" heading: this gives the connotation that other sections are old or out-dated. It might be nice to re-title this "Future Directions" or "Promising new research" or something.
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Generally good prose throughout. There are occasions of editorialising - "such as a tasty piece of chocolate cake" - which could be cleaned up. This isn't enough to fail the nomination, though.
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I read "that" as referring to the domain mediated by automatic processes. The sentence maybe should read ... novel situations, those outside ... and then c/that could be explained/explainable/
955:"Yet, it is during adolescence when the different brain systems become better integrated, so youth implement executive functions, such as inhibitory control, more efficiently and effectively,
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1815:, except for plot summaries and that which summarizes cited content elsewhere in the article, must be cited no later than the end of the paragraph (or line if the content is not in prose).
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Sorry, that was my fault, I didn't realise that I omitted the article title. I'm glad someone picked it up though. Thankyou observant IP editor!! The title has now been inserted.
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Junco, R., & Cotten, S. R. (2012). The relationship between multitasking and academic performance. Computers & Education, 59, 505–514. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2011.12.023
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1060:(2008). Furthermore, the expression "Executive functions" is a very broad one, whereas the expression "cognitive control" also can be used in a very specific way: for example
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I can't find any info on field independance/non independance..would be useful if someone knows about this, to have an article on it.. heres a link I found with some info
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Intro, 1st paragraph: Why are several individuals (Botvinick, Verguts, etc.) cited like a research paper? Maybe it would be better to cite them using a superscript?
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Burgess, P. W., Veitch, E., de Lacy Costello, A., & Shallice, T. (2000). The cognitive and neuroanatomical correlates of multitasking. Neuropsychologia, 848-863.
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I will now revert your edit - one of the most important reasons being that it is sourced - but please let us have a discussion about it here. With friendly regards,
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I really like some of the examples used to illustrate executive functions (i.e., refusing cake when on a diet, waiting for a friend at the train station, etc.)
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Field dependence is mentioned in the Knowledge article on "cognitive style." I don't think it's particularly relevant to the topic of the present article.
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The executive system is thought to be heavily involved in handling novel situations outside the domain of some of our 'automatic' psychological processes
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2389:, the date is September, 2017! What was recent in 1977 is no longer recent. Likewise the verb "is" should not be used in this statement since whatever
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2529:"Cognitive control is impaired in addiction, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, and a number of other central nervous system disorders."
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I also disagree. "Executive functions" is the more widely used term, both in Google and in leading neuroscience textbooks,such as Kolb & Whishaw,
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1650:) 17:05, 23 December 2011 (UTC) Hi, I will review this article. I shall post my comments shortly; additional comments from other users are welcomed.
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Yes, I understand that. I pointed at the awkwardness. Just now did a stub at Russian Wiki, and it was hard to come up with definition there (0: --
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There has been a flurry of activity on this page. Awesome job, editors! Special shout-out to VF, AZ, and MR. The page is definitely taking shape!
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You don't need an account to edit the great majority of articles, including this one. But I went ahead and made the change anyway. Regards,
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so sources can be accessed by readers. Also ISBN for books. Also, some of the references seem out of date (no more thatn 5-10 years old, per
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Sorry, I don't know if wikipedia has exact standards for this sort of thing. I don't have an account, so I'm not going to alter the article.
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I thought the breadth of content here is great. It might be hepful to add a section on assessments of EF (ex.: the BRIEF, DKEFS, CAS, etc.)
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Ophir, E., Nass, C., & Wagner, A. D. (2009). Cognitive control in media multitaskers. PNAS Early Edition. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0903620106
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Very comprehensive list of models that are explained well. I esp. like language that spells it out "First... Second... Third... Last..."
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I think there should be something describing how EF is related to fluid intelligence, and how studies suggest EF is seperable from IQ
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Added sections on development of EF throughout the lifespan presents clear and important content that will be relevant to many readers.
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2309:: I didn't throw away your good work, I just moved it to an article on its own, as this test got undue weight here in this article.
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at the time. There may be suggestions below for improving the article. Once these issues have been addressed, the article can be
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I was just in the U.K., and I noted that I *augmented* my functioning when crossing the street, so I decided to add that here.
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In the second case, I wonder if instead of "disorder" something like "difference" would be closer to what the story is about.
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Or does that mean that "addiction, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism" are "central nervous system disorders"?
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improve the lead, I'll pass this (if it looks like it'll take a little while, then I'll fail it to allow you enough time).
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I'm not sure I understand what the issue is in this section. Is something wrong with those parenthetical statements?
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Does that sentence mean that beside the listed named cases, also some "nervous system disorders" are on this list?
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This is a very full, complete, organized article...great job to all those who collaborated on it to complete it!
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2491:"making people more human than animal." I don't think this is very scientific. Can someone re-write this part?
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In general, some of the language can get pretty academic/hifalutin and may not be suitable for all readers.
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As the article has not been substantially edited since the review, I'm failing it to give it more time.
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As the article has not been substantially edited since the review, I'm failing it to give it more time.
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Is it clear whether "that" refers to the executive system or the 'automatic' psychological processes?
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Connectivity... section: What is the "biasing model?" It is not described in the models listed above.
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on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
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on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
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on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
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Is it appropriate to have a hypothesis in a encyclopedic article? Should be in the talk section.
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This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between
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Please help fix the broken anchors. You can remove this template after fixing the problems. |
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Added section on bilingualism is cool - great way to bring in culturally relevant research!
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The image used is fine, enough to pass GA, though perhaps more images could be included.
1916:: it represents viewpoints fairly and without editorial bias, giving due weight to each.
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The footnote which accompanies this statement is dated 1977, but as I write this
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References to the Present should be revised, since present quickly becomes past
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Components of EF section: Is there any content that is supposed to go there?
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Does the meaning of "disorder" here is something like "sick", "erroneous"?
1888:. it stays focused on the topic without going into unnecessary detail (see
1629:. The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.
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We are beginning the project today, so please respond ASAP. Thank you! --
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Please, if you have good references, be bold and write a section on this!
1938:: it does not change significantly from day to day because of an ongoing
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Top-Down Inhibitory Control section: "facilitatory" and "amplificatory"
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This article links to one or more target anchors that no longer exist.
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article as written really doesn't capture the literature very well.
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time. This type of problem is found in this article, for example:
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Hypothesized Role section, 3rd paragraph: "prepotent responses"
493:. Please visit the project page for details or ask questions at
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Knowledge level-5 vital articles in Society and social sciences
1128:"Dr. Earl Miller" is incorrect. So is "Dr. Earl Miller, Ph.D."
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or other identifiers should be given for journal articles per
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for Knowledge's health content are defined in the guideline
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2431:(i.e., internal vs external or environmental, respectively)
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The quote used for the Miller and Cohen model is helpful.
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data, I think visuals would add a bit more awesomeness!
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Knowledge vital articles in Society and social sciences
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B-Class vital articles in Society and social sciences
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Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
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of the decision if they believe there was a mistake.
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clinical publications about evidence-based medicine
2305:To the editors who wrote the extensive section on
1698:understandable to an appropriately broad audience
674:Knowledge:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)
622:, a project which is currently considered to be
489:and that biomedical information in any article
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2393:when the article is written quickly becomes a
2506:Changing one's functioning in another country
2374:years, the theoretical framework in which it
487:Manual of Style for medicine-related articles
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1288:? Looks like apples and oranges to me. --
829:Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment
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1225:http://www.usd.edu/~ssanto/field.html
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1700:; spelling and grammar are correct.
727:Centre for Reviews and Dissemination
618:This article is within the scope of
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368:This article is within the scope of
279:This article is within the scope of
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1696:. the prose is clear, concise, and
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1533:Great update, but one suggestion!
1062:the cognitive control of movement
724:Other potential sources include:
391:Template:WikiProject Pharmacology
302:Template:WikiProject Neuroscience
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382:and see a list of open tasks.
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2418:All from the present lead:
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1195:02:37, 6 February 2009 (UTC)
841:21:01, 16 January 2022 (UTC)
2655:B-Class psychiatry articles
2605:B-Class psychology articles
2501:18:00, 2 October 2018 (UTC)
2407:04:55, 1 October 2017 (UTC)
2163:18:29, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
2135:17:09, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
1919:Adheres to NPOV very well.
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1783:the layout style guideline
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1321:16:17, 11 April 2009 (UTC)
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640:Cognitive science articles
531:project's importance scale
414:project's importance scale
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1354:EF and Fluid Intelligence
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1514:Very Complete Article...
1101:Please, feel free to be
951:until early adulthood."
938:punctuation, not before.
861:00:29, 29 May 2014 (UTC)
371:WikiProject Pharmacology
282:WikiProject Neuroscience
2422:(e.g., the Stroop test)
2220:Rubinstein et al., 2001
2025:to the topic, and have
1718:. it complies with the
1082:Where's everything else
966:in sensory neocortex."
2575:B-Class vital articles
2378:situated is not new."
543:
193:WikiProject Psychology
1849:Broad in its coverage
1166:Executive Dysfunction
819:. Student editor(s):
542:
394:pharmacology articles
305:neuroscience articles
120:level-5 vital article
39:good article criteria
2247:Burgess et al., 2000
1942:or content dispute.
1835:no original research
1764:no original research
934:Citations should go
705:free review articles
681:. Here are links to
482:WikiProject Medicine
85:Good article nominee
2229:Collet et al., 2009
2172:selective attention
1866:. it addresses the
1811:. All content that
1788:Very well sourced.
1405:Ambiguous sentence?
1217:Field independance?
981:Just to Consider...
847:"Hypothesized" Role
779:] The anchor (V5)
772:] The anchor (V5)
687:Executive functions
216:psychology articles
27:Executive functions
2265:Ophir et al., 2009
2049:Overall assessment
1993:copyright statuses
1956:, if possible, by
1945:No problems here.
1740:list incorporation
1206:FractalUniverse187
1176:FractalUniverse187
946:Examples: --: -->
925:Examples: --: -->
894:Areas of Strength:
817:on the course page
677:and are typically
544:
129:content assessment
60:Article milestones
2355:
2343:comment added by
2238:Chan et al., 2008
2201:
2187:comment added by
2125:comment added by
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2027:suitable captions
1999:are provided for
1818:Very well cited.
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2414:Academic tic
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2339:— Preceding
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1234:—Preceding
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809:7 July 2020
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2564:Categories
2399:PeacePeace
2273:References
1759:Verifiable
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1280:How can a
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