Knowledge

Talk:SMPTE color bars

Source đź“ť

522: 1459:
independent. Therefore, EOTF is not a consideration for the signal itself. The signal is agnostic with regard to transfer characteristic. This is where it becomes clear that you do not understand the role of color bars in the video signal chain. 3. Not being device- or display-dependent, how your galaxy device displays them is irrelevant. 4. There is no standardized test signal for sRGB and if there were, it wouldn't be relevant to this article. You can ignore these points and continue to argue to the contrary, but by so doing you continue to reveal that you are in over your head in this discussion. Again, no offense intended.
1436:
are from YCbCr 8 bit, so additional off-by-ones were done by me. "sRGB approximations" they are not approximations. They are precise. Just you may want to switch your BT.709 primaries display to EOTF of BT.1886 and it will be perfect. But BT.1886 is complex, it may be 2.2 gamma on LCD display and here you get sRGB, except for linear part. As for sRGB when you color pick you are supposed to color pick the R'G'B', not caring for its transfer or primaries. It does not happen that way, except on android on recent galaxy S21, for example. I will also point out that this is reference:
1481:"SMPTE color bars are a standard for video, not for computer graphics." Yes, but Apple for example does everything correctly by color managing the transfer and primaries as everyone is supposed to. My main display supports BT.1886 too in HW. "signal is agnostic with regard to transfer characteristic." No, it is not. The signal is supposed to use BT.1886. "There is no standardized test signal for sRGB" There is none, but we are forced to use sRGB in CSS. Were it PNG image we could have tagged it as gAMA chunk 2.4 but we cannot. 451: 316: 381: 246: 222: 256: 371: 344: 191: 487: 622:), and SMPTE might impose restrictions on the use of their name; I'm not aware of any patents one must license--from SMPTE or anyone else--to implement SMPTE bars. Certainly, color bars are not copyrightable subject matter (as the colors used are determined entirely by technical considerations, and are not the expression of an author, they fall under the 1528:"Yes, but Apple for example does everything correctly by color managing the transfer and primaries as everyone is supposed to." Apple does not set standards for the video industry. Again you are conflating video and computer graphics, revealing your ignorance of video. There is no "yes but Apple" about it, no PNG and no sRGB. 2326:
Also what about MathCAD? You want it to be done in LaTeX and calculated in Wolfram Mathematica? The fact is I checked those values are the same as in SMPTE standard (when you convert .xx notation in the way 709 specifies), so what is the problem? You think this is original research from me? Well, the
1589:
You do not need signal analyser on your phone, which BTW are more color accurate than most displays in the world, even older reference ones, galaxy s series and iPhones. You did not know that? Shame. Both support TrueTone, which is mandatery for SDR, be it sRGB or BT.709 (PQ is really absolute). You
2260:
As I already said it is not sourced from the blog (which is actually a good article, I would argue). The blog is only secondary source that is required to represent the standard by Knowledge policy. In fact you can get the standard from sci-hub. The problem with your table is that the standard only
1435:
The first column has limited range R'G'B' (Studio) using BT.1886 EOTF. The sRGB is always full range in PNG and that is what you see in Chrome, obviously. Wow. "The background colors in the 1st column do not agree with the RGB values in the 2nd column" they were not supposed to, morover they also
1412:
Check the background colors in the first column with a color picker program. Viewed with Chromium, Firefox or Edge the colors range from 0 - 191 per the codes you have entered, but the numbers in the 2nd column range between 16 - 180 which is correct. The background colors in the 1st column do not
1370:
Agreed that we should stick to the SMPTE standard. sRGB is not a video standard so why are we dealing with this non-standard approximation in this article? sRGB bars should be in the sRGB article, but is there even a standard for sRGB color bars? I think it IS problematic to have sRGB bars in this
1026:
I have added the luminance values obtained directly from Ennes, as well as a link to the Tektronix pdf on NTSC video measurements where there are plenty of scope shots. Some web sites give erroneous luminance values for color bars. Ennes and Textronix are in agreement (yellow = 69 IRE, etc.) and I
2502:
Of course I'm just some guy on the Internet, and this is definitely original research... but the only source we have is someone alleging to represent the SMPTE claiming that the SMPTE owns the copyright (not independent), posted as a reply to a discussion on a public message board (not reliable).
2310:
There is is nothing contrary to what I said. Again, SMPTE (not ITU) standard only discusses HD values while it says SD is just autoconverted. I do not think that ITU standard should be put here. One mention of it is enough. It is publicly available after all. Are you going to add BT.2020nc matrix
674:
These bars are widely used, not just for NTSC signals. On shoots, whether PAL or Digital (SD or HD), they are used to calibrate the monitors. I would suggest removing the references to NTSC in the article, which suggest that these bars are somehow specific to NTSC while they are not. Reading the
1216:
This article is about SMPTE color bars which are codified in SMPTE RP 219, where no distinction is made between "full" and "limited" range. Per BT.601 and BT.709, 8-bit luma levels are confined to the range 16 - 235. There is no provision for a 0 - 255 luma range in BT.601, BT.709 or RP 219. In
1645:
For digital video sources, the 10-bit YCbCr values for color bars are diferent depending if we have a SD or HD signal. SD values are based on the SMPTE formula for Y from the NTSC system ( Y = 0.299R + 0.587G + 0.114B). HD values are according to SMPTE RP-177 and 274M ( based on the formula Y=
2426:
All you have to do is read SMPTE RP 219. The values are spelled out explicitly and unambiguously in Fig. 3-2 for both 10-bit and 8-bit systems. The test signal is agnostic with respect to display hardware, BT.709, BT.601, BT.1886, BT.2020, sRGB, PNG, EOTF, OETF, "full range", some blog on the
594:
Why are the color bars apparently so restrictively licensed? Even if I made a piece of art using it, released under GNU licensing, it'd be illegal from what I can tell. Thats messed up. Bars of color on a site that uses the word free alot, near-totally unusable. Where is this world going to?
1458:
Valery: No offense intended, but it is clear from your remarks that you do not understand some basic concepts: 1. SMPTE color bars are a standard for video, not for computer graphics. As such, concepts of sRGB and PNG do not enter the discussion. 2. As a test signal, color bars are display
2311:
too? What about BT.2111 PQ and HLG values (suddenly they remembered HDR has too different of a transfer, wow)? What about the correction for BT.2020 primaries they also did a mistake about? We cannot put it all here, can we? All the links to all of those public though and in the article!
1346:
If we agree that full-range (0 - 255) signals are not part of the SMPTE RP 219 spec then why are we including them in an article about SMPTE color bars? In SMPTE RP 219 and subsequent ARIB specs all signals are confined to the 16 - 235 range. This article is not about sRGB, PNG or doom9.
2494:
where the license statements is "This simple sign is ineligible for copyright and therefore in the public domain, because it contains no original authorship." Anyone familiar with Commons knows they are VERY strict about these things, and yet this has never been considered remotely
1549:"Apple does not set standards for the video industry" In fact it did at least create the Display P3: P3-D65 +sRGB transfer (all photos and all screenshots) which is now also used by my Galaxy S21 FE, S22 (screenshots only). All HDR Blu-rays target P3-D65 + PQ transfer 2322:. But it is not really a blog or even a blog of a company. Those are actual good articles THAT show how the standard derived 10 bit values using BT.709 spec's .xx notation, they also have some research into what SDR white in HDR should be, so I consider them notable. 1553:
that is Dolby + SMPTE tech. As for Dolby Vision Apple also more or less created their own HLG Dolby Vision. Please note that I am not saying that Apple did create a lot of standards, I am only saing it follows them, that cannot be said about most of the world.
2564:
A cursory search at copyright.gov does not turn up any copyright claim by SMPTE for color bars. As I understand it, they were originally patented by RCA and modified by CBS Labs circa 1978. I don't see how SMPTE can legitimately claim a copyright.
589:
Well, the article says the color bars started in the 1980's. But, I had never seen a TV station sign-off with color bars where I lived, but this happens on occassion from some Indianapolis TV stations in the overnight hours for no
2592:
I only know my way around ffmpeg, but do not know how to create a proper image with correct color science. It should have a HDR version as well as a SDR version. HDR version may use avif with BT.2020 primaries and PQ transfer.
1396:
Took the liberty of removing that column from the table, but kept the colors (now on the first column background) for illustrative purposes. Also added a better caption to images (I hope) mentioning the diferent color spaces.
2427:
Internet and all the other gymnastics you people are going through. For 8 bits, white is 235 and black is 16; for 10 bits white is 940 and black is 64. The SMPTE standard does not conflate video and computer graphics.
153: 1174:
No, Denelson posted a pattern, in that "colours calculated to make RGB(0,0,0) correspond to -2% black, or "blacker-than-black." That is of course wrong, since no superblack values are possible in full range. See
1055:
Confining the color-bar values to the studio swing range of 16 to 235, we get (0.75 x (235-16)) + 16, or 180. The magenta bar, for example, consists of R = 180, G = 16, B = 180. 100% white is thus equal to 235.
2525:
I contacted SMPTE when I originally reverted this. We can leave it out for now because you've made good points and I was not able to find a reliable source. I'll post here again if/when I hear back from them.
2506:
If anyone disagrees and wants to put it back, that's fine, but perhaps at least it should say "The SMPTE claims that..." rather than just baldly state the copyright claim as if it was a plain fact.
2328: 2262: 1555: 1180: 1109: 626:
exception to copyright law). I work in the video industry, and I've never heard of any restrictive licensinc on SMPTE colorbars. And my employer produces several products which generate them. --
1440:(on 0:21). It has correct 100% white part and both +Q and -I are correct. My galaxy devices apply BT.1886 transfer to the picture on display. This is also correct and has a lonk to githib script. 1513: 1197: 538: 1393:
Mention to sRGB makes sense on the images, if we wish to illustrate the bars on a properly calibrated screen. Other than that it's "original research" and really unsupported by references.
1413:
agree with the RGB values in the 2nd column. There is no explanation of this and you've created a confusing mess. I think it is best to leave these "sRGB approximations" out of it.
460: 354: 2540:
I don't think SMPTE are themselves a reliable source for whether they own copyright on these images; at most they are reliable for saying they *claim* copyright ownership. But
147: 2498:
The newer versions (that the article claims SMPTE own copyright on) are visually just small tweaks to the previous ones... certainly not enough to create a new copyright.
2666: 2471:
In fact by definition, images that are created by exactly following a technical standard demonstrate no creativity at all, and are not considered "works of authorship"
325: 232: 2261:
specifies HD (so BT.709 limited matrix). Which is the only thing described here. Also #page=18 and other such are not allowed in the URL, that is Chrome extension.
2237:
Values sourced from "Leader Teleproduction Test Volume 3 Number 4 - Digital Video Levels"; also matching Recommendation ITU-R BT.1729 (2005) for 100% SD and HD bars
1270:"In digital video the values of 0 and 255 are reserved for sync" Actually only for limited range, neither full range YCbCr, nor full range RGB have that problem. 2292:
The problem with the blog is that the original values are never cited and it only shows personal calculations (using MathCAD ?), so it's not a good reference.
2641: 2315:
The problem with the blog is that the original values are never cited and it only shows personal calculations (using MathCAD ?), so it's not a good reference
431: 2487:
Regardless of the copyright status of the standards documents, the images that result from following the standard aren't owned by whoever owns the standard.
2651: 465: 441: 79: 2289:
These references are solid, and the values are original 10-bit YCbCr - not calculated or transformed in any way. This is what's needed for Knowledge.
866:
to better illustrate "this sequence of bars thus appears on a waveform monitor in luminance mode as a downward staircase from left to right." in the
2661: 1642:) with SD and HD patterns. Both SD and HD values for 75% and 100% bars are explicitly listed. Here's the explanation provided for the values shown: 1329:
BTW, I was wrong. The bars are not recalculated. I also updated them fixing wrong -I, +Q signals and fixing ramp. Ramp must have 100% white region.
44: 2656: 2626: 598: 1152:
Again, Denelson has posted an image of SMPTE color bars which he wrongly claims are RP 219 conformant but which are grossly out of RP 219 spec.
2503:
Given that the copyright claim is prima facie blatantly false, I don't believe it should be in the article. Accordingly I'm about to remove it.
2481:
The original standards documents defining these images (not created by SMPTE) are explicitly in the public domain (as noted in our own article).
2241:
I'll eventually update the article with this information (currently sourced from a blog...), but for now I'm adding it here for easy reference.
1568:
What are you talking about ? Do you use a signal analyzer to test your phone's TV output ? What's the relation between your phone and video ?
2572: 2437: 1535: 798: 403: 85: 2476:"business operations or procedures; mathematical principles; formulas or algorithms; or any other concept, process, or method of operation." 1242:
PNG does not use sRGB. It has a gAMA chunk. As for your point about full range... Here full range RGB is used in PNG file and original SVG.
2646: 2636: 2621: 2342: 1594: 407: 1371:
article because you are documenting a true standard and a pseudo non-standard side by side which is potentially confusing and ambiguous.
1499: 1466: 1420: 1378: 1300: 1230: 1159: 681:
I will come back later to see if someone has commented on this. If not, I will try to edit the article by removing the NTSC references.
569: 2332: 2266: 1559: 1184: 1113: 2631: 1517: 1217:
digital video the values of 0 and 255 are reserved for sync. Having picture data at 0 or 255 would wreak havoc with the video signal.
1201: 994: 755: 1257:
This article is about the television test signal, not computer graphics formats such as png. Read the first sentence of the article:
1138: 610: 987:
It would be nice to have the luminance value of each of the bars (gray is 77 IRE -- I have to get out Ennes to look up the rest).
526: 515: 394: 349: 274: 168: 99: 30: 2286:
The second source is a ITU standard. It only considers 100% bars but shows both SD and HD values, that match the first source.
2616: 135: 104: 20: 678:
Were they originally designed with NTSC in mind? If so, a mention of that fact near the end of the article would be enough.
2456:
The article says that SMPTE owns copyright on at least some of the color bar images, but that seems to be quite a stretch:
2416: 1590:
can just use ffplay -vf extractplanes=y and color picker like Pixolor, that you can take a mod apk from 4pda or buy here:
697: 511: 286: 278: 74: 2327:
article does mention this is 100/0/75/0 (yes!) “EBU Bars” (sic!) so I would think that this is obviously SMPTE standard?
1571:
If you wish to analyze color profile display conformance, you don't use SMPTE color bars. You use other patterns with a
202: 1498:
This is another unwarranted assumption on your part, Valery. Nowhere in the RP-219 specification is BT.1886 mentioned.
766: 65: 560: 1486: 1448: 1334: 1320: 1275: 1247: 507: 282: 269: 227: 2280: 1639: 1628: 652:
The newer colorbar standard from SMPTE (can't remember the number) intended for high definition television systems
129: 1351:
We should only show the signals indicated on the standard. But providing approximate sRGB values for the sake of
886: 2576: 2461: 2441: 1539: 794: 2346: 1619:
After some searching, I was able to find references for digital values, for both SD and HD 100% and 75% bars.
1598: 1163: 710:
color bars, which includes tests that are NTSC-specific. The NTSC references should remain in this article.
125: 1572: 1503: 1470: 1424: 1382: 1304: 1234: 751: 573: 109: 2465: 1591: 1142: 998: 790: 736:
wrote a song titled "Color Bars". There is no indication that there is a connection between the song and
1482: 1444: 1330: 1316: 1271: 1243: 606: 208: 175: 747: 693: 618:
Where did you get that idea? While the SMPTE document itself is copyrighted (you can buy it from the
602: 2568: 2433: 1531: 1462: 1416: 1374: 1296: 1226: 1155: 1134: 990: 934: 849: 786: 743: 715: 685: 565: 2275:
Contrary to what you say, the first source explains the usage of signal analyzers (LV5100 for SD -
190: 1355:
is not problematic I think. Limited vs full-range discussion should be moved to a specific article.
1315:
Yes, there is none. Full range YCbCr does exist though. Still, I was talking about full range RGB.
1094: 1028: 782:
The sound clip's format should be changed into a more user feiendly version like mp3 or something.
661: 627: 161: 55: 1265:
test pattern used where the NTSC video standard is utilized, including countries in North America.
689: 2550: 2514: 2323: 1098: 1032: 920: 875: 70: 675:
article, I had the impression these bars would not be useful for PAL, which is obviously wrong.
1194: 2598: 2297: 2246: 1580: 1402: 1360: 1285:
To reiterate: This article is about SMPTE color bars which are codified in SMPTE RP 219 where
386: 141: 51: 2283:) with SD and HD patterns. Both SD and HD values for 75% and 100% bars are explicitly listed. 1220:
If you're talking about sRGB, that is a separate standard and belongs in a separate article.
2478:. The color bar images are the result of following such a procedure, algorithm, process etc. 737: 24: 2394: 2383: 2276: 1635: 1179:
also, obviously 180 and 16 values are for limited range RGB. And his ones are full range.
931: 846: 712: 399: 1193:
This guy also confirms that those bars are recalculated, so I am going to add that info.
2531: 2417:
https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bt/R-REC-BT.1729-0-200504-I!!PDF-E.pdf#page=18
958: 835: 819: 623: 1176: 773:, the female singers' costumes include a 100% color bar pattern on their belt buckles. 450: 315: 2610: 2546: 2510: 1223:
The SMPTE and EBU standards are authoritative, not what some guy on a web site says.
916: 871: 733: 380: 2594: 2405: 2372: 2319: 2293: 2242: 1623: 1576: 1398: 1356: 1131:
As stated above, the primary and secondary RGB values should be either 16 or 180.
968: 892: 826: 2341:
You can insert your table, but please do not delete my tables. Please, thank you.
915:
Yes, that would do nicely. Can you please upload it and add it to the article? --
2307:
Contrary to what you say, the first source explains the usage of signal analyzers
561:
https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/2f/b4/90/ed6fcccbba109f/US2742525.pdf
273:. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can 811: 770: 402:. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page where you can 261: 2281:
https://assets.tequipment.net/assets/1/26/Documents/Leader/lv-5152da_manual.pdf
1640:
https://assets.tequipment.net/assets/1/26/Documents/Leader/lv-5152da_manual.pdf
1629:
https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bt/R-REC-BT.1729-0-200504-I!!PDF-E.pdf
1289:. Per BT.601 and BT.709, 8-bit luma levels are confined to the range 16 - 235. 1441: 1437: 807: 657: 376: 251: 245: 221: 2475: 2468:. It is pretty certain that the color bars aren't creative enough to qualify. 2541: 2527: 2491: 1293:
Your exception for a non-existent "full-range" video standard is invalid.
1291:
There is no provision for a 0 - 255 luma range in BT.601, BT.709 or RP 219.
557:
The original color test pattern generator was developed by RCA circa 1951.
2602: 2580: 2555: 2535: 2519: 2445: 2350: 2336: 2301: 2270: 2250: 1602: 1584: 1563: 1543: 1521: 1507: 1490: 1474: 1452: 1428: 1406: 1386: 1364: 1338: 1324: 1308: 1279: 1251: 1205: 1188: 1167: 1146: 1117: 1102: 1036: 1002: 982: 965:
is one I made earlier. This shows color bars in a software oscilloscope.--
962: 940: 924: 906: 879: 855: 838: 829: 818:. To play an Ogg Vorbis file, a suitable media player will be needed, see 721: 664: 630: 577: 398:, a collaborative effort to develop and improve Knowledge articles about 290: 1634:
The first document shows the usage of signal analyzers (LV5100 for SD -
1592:
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.embermitre.pixolor.app
584:
Developed by Al Goldberg of CBS Laboratories. Adopted by SMPTE in 1978.
2484:
You can't take something out of the public domain once it's out there.
370: 343: 822: 530: 834:
That 1000MHz sound is also used to "bleep" offensive stuff, right?
2430:
The SMPTE spec is authoritative. A blog on the Internet is not.
642: 2544:
because there are no consequences and so no downside for them.
641:
While the SMPTE bars are interesting and useful; especially in
2324:
http://blog.videoq.com/2019/08/20/unified-hdr-reference-white/
1128:
The illustration of HD bars does not conform to SMPTE RP 219.
815: 481: 184: 15: 1091:
See SMPTE RP 219 Fig. 3-9 and paragraphs 4.3, 4.31 and 4.32.
1195:
https://forum.doom9.org/showthread.php?p=1361635#post1361635
1108:
This is called superblack or toeroom or blacker than black.
485: 449: 314: 2542:
many organizations claim copyright on things they don't own
2318:
Were it an actual blog, it would not even be considered as
645:
land; there are other color bars signals that are useful:
2588:
We really need an image showcasing the HDR-TV color bars
2395:
https://www.leaderamerica.com/pdf/vol03_no04.pdf#page=6
2384:
https://www.leaderamerica.com/pdf/vol03_no04.pdf#page=5
2277:
http://www.valtechvideo.com/partneri/leader/LV5100D.pdf
1636:
http://www.valtechvideo.com/partneri/leader/LV5100D.pdf
1177:
https://en.wikipedia.org/File:SMPTE_Color_Bars_16x9.svg
619: 1512:
BT.1886 only came in 2006, 4 years after RP 219:2002.
554:
When was introduced the SMPTE color-bar test pattern?
160: 514:. Please replace this template with a more specific 825:
is the best known freeware player for.ogg files. --
2490:Our own use of the older version images is from 2406:https://www.leaderamerica.com/pdf/vol03_no04.pdf 2373:https://www.leaderamerica.com/pdf/vol03_no04.pdf 1624:https://www.leaderamerica.com/pdf/vol03_no04.pdf 33:for general discussion of the article's subject. 406:. To improve this article, please refer to the 289:. To improve this article, please refer to the 957:Since an image here would need to comply with 174: 8: 929:He can't, because it would be a copyvio. -- 2474:US copyright law does not apply at all to 2464:to become subject to US copyright law. See 1442:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dAWGwhC1VVw 1438:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5tcHp1kBmQ 2566: 2431: 1529: 1460: 1414: 1372: 1294: 1224: 1153: 1132: 563: 338: 285:. To use this banner, please refer to the 216: 2466:the Commons guidance on this for examples 889:the sort of thing that you had in mind?-- 529:may be able to locate suitable images on 2667:Knowledge requested images of technology 1648: 1495:"The signal is supposed to use BT.1886." 504:a stairstep signal on a waveform monitor 2365: 2329:2A00:1370:8184:1B49:5070:FC27:5212:D052 2263:2A00:1370:8184:54CA:71A0:7D29:2D84:BA9F 1556:2A00:1370:8184:54CA:71A0:7D29:2D84:BA9F 1213:doom9 is not a standards-setting body. 1181:2A00:1370:812D:F205:C0A5:95D7:D09C:EE8C 1110:2A00:1370:812D:F205:C0A5:95D7:D09C:EE8C 660:, and its scope expanded. Thoughts? -- 340: 218: 188: 1514:2A00:1370:8184:164:B0F7:6BD5:B11E:E81D 1198:2A00:1370:812D:F205:483:61BE:52C6:8DA0 656:Perhaps the article should be renamed 1287:no provision is made for "full" range 7: 806:The sound clips on Knowledge are in 392:This article is within the scope of 267:This article is within the scope of 2642:High-importance television articles 1084:(R = 12, G = 12, B = 12) for -2%. ( 1073:(R = 25, G = 25, B = 25) for +4%. ( 207:It is of interest to the following 23:for discussing improvements to the 2652:Top-importance Test cards articles 1066:(R = 20, G = 20, B = 20) for +2%. 862:Waveform monitor picture requested 14: 527:Openverse Creative Commons Search 323:This article is supported by the 2257:currently sourced from a blog... 1059:The pluge values would then be: 613:) 15:09, 12 December 2005 (UTC) 416:Knowledge:WikiProject Television 379: 369: 342: 283:regional and topical task forces 254: 244: 220: 189: 45:Click here to start a new topic. 2662:WikiProject Television articles 436:This article has been rated as 419:Template:WikiProject Television 2657:Test cards task force articles 2627:Filmmaking task force articles 1615:Digital values with references 1: 2536:15:15, 5 September 2022 (UTC) 2520:14:27, 2 September 2022 (UTC) 2446:11:57, 26 February 2023 (UTC) 1646:0.2126R + 0.7152G + 0.722B) 1475:19:24, 28 February 2022 (UTC) 1453:04:36, 27 February 2022 (UTC) 1429:23:01, 23 February 2022 (UTC) 1407:23:45, 22 February 2022 (UTC) 1387:22:48, 22 February 2022 (UTC) 1365:23:50, 21 February 2022 (UTC) 1339:21:05, 17 February 2022 (UTC) 1147:11:58, 21 November 2017 (UTC) 1027:consider them authoritative. 830:11:57, 19 November 2006 (UTC) 578:00:05, 21 December 2021 (UTC) 458:This article is supported by 42:Put new text under old text. 2556:18:22, 4 November 2022 (UTC) 1325:12:30, 15 January 2022 (UTC) 1168:10:40, 24 October 2019 (UTC) 1103:06:01, 16 October 2016 (UTC) 983:20:37, 22 January 2009 (UTC) 941:03:21, 22 January 2009 (UTC) 925:01:25, 22 January 2009 (UTC) 907:11:01, 21 January 2009 (UTC) 880:01:31, 21 January 2009 (UTC) 2647:C-Class Test cards articles 2637:C-Class television articles 2622:C-Class filmmaking articles 1309:22:13, 6 January 2022 (UTC) 1280:14:44, 5 January 2022 (UTC) 1252:11:14, 24 August 2021 (UTC) 1237:) 2021-07-24T19:00:14 (UTC) 1003:17:56, 13 August 2012 (UTC) 767:Video Killed the Radio Star 649:Plain old 100% and 75% bars 50:New to Knowledge? Welcome! 2683: 2603:17:08, 6 August 2024 (UTC) 2581:11:21, 20 April 2023 (UTC) 1522:05:04, 12 April 2022 (UTC) 1508:15:21, 27 March 2022 (UTC) 1206:10:43, 19 April 2021 (UTC) 1189:13:48, 18 April 2021 (UTC) 1118:14:34, 18 April 2021 (UTC) 722:22:17, 25 March 2006 (UTC) 442:project's importance scale 299:Knowledge:WikiProject Film 2632:WikiProject Film articles 2351:07:18, 11 July 2022 (UTC) 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1603:07:17, 11 July 2022 (UTC) 1491:10:16, 5 March 2022 (UTC) 1080:-2 * ((235-16)/100)+16 = 1069:+4 * ((235-16)/100)+16 = 1062:+2 * ((235-16)/100)+16 = 1037:20:55, 24 June 2016 (UTC) 801:) 19:54, 18 November 2006 728:Color Bars in Pop Culture 665:03:13, 5 March 2006 (UTC) 631:03:10, 5 March 2006 (UTC) 461:the Test cards task force 457: 435: 364: 322: 302:Template:WikiProject Film 239: 215: 80:Be welcoming to newcomers 2462:threshold of originality 2337:23:02, 3 June 2022 (UTC) 2302:08:06, 2 June 2022 (UTC) 2271:23:18, 1 June 2022 (UTC) 2251:07:49, 31 May 2022 (UTC) 1585:08:17, 2 June 2022 (UTC) 1564:23:12, 1 June 2022 (UTC) 1544:18:37, 30 May 2022 (UTC) 1051:HD Bars and Studio Swing 856:05:15, 8 July 2007 (UTC) 839:23:03, 7 July 2007 (UTC) 494:It is requested that an 2279:and LV5152 DA for HD - 1638:and LV5152 DA for HD - 1573:Tristimulus colorimeter 1261:SMPTE color bars are a 961:, as the saying goes, 778:The 1000 Hz Sound clip 700:) 15:36, 25 March 2006 670:Why the focus on NTSC? 523:Free Image Search Tool 516:media request template 490: 454: 395:WikiProject Television 319: 197:This article is rated 75:avoid personal attacks 2617:C-Class film articles 2460:Images must meet the 601:comment was added by 489: 453: 410:for the type of work. 326:Filmmaking task force 318: 100:Neutral point of view 810:format. This is an 758:) 04:59, 7 June 2006 533:and other web sites. 105:No original research 2452:Color bar copyright 765:In the music video 512:improve its quality 510:in this article to 422:television articles 404:join the discussion 400:television programs 275:join the discussion 814:format similar to 491: 455: 320: 203:content assessment 86:dispute resolution 47: 2583: 2571:comment added by 2448: 2436:comment added by 2238: 2231: 2230: 1546: 1534:comment added by 1477: 1465:comment added by 1431: 1419:comment added by 1389: 1377:comment added by 1311: 1299:comment added by 1238: 1229:comment added by 1170: 1158:comment added by 1149: 1137:comment added by 993:comment added by 803: 789:comment added by 760: 746:comment added by 702: 688:comment added by 614: 580: 568:comment added by 547: 546: 534: 480: 479: 476: 475: 472: 471: 387:Television portal 337: 336: 333: 332: 277:and see lists of 183: 182: 66:Assume good faith 43: 2674: 2554: 2518: 2419: 2414: 2408: 2403: 2397: 2392: 2386: 2381: 2375: 2370: 2233: 1649: 1483:Valery Zapolodov 1445:Valery Zapolodov 1331:Valery Zapolodov 1317:Valery Zapolodov 1272:Valery Zapolodov 1244:Valery Zapolodov 1005: 978: 976: 975: 939: 902: 900: 899: 854: 802: 783: 759: 740: 738:SMPTE color bars 720: 701: 682: 637:Other color bars 596: 543: 541: 520: 518:where possible. 488: 482: 424: 423: 420: 417: 414: 408:style guidelines 389: 384: 383: 373: 366: 365: 360: 357: 346: 339: 307: 306: 303: 300: 297: 270:WikiProject Film 264: 259: 258: 257: 248: 241: 240: 235: 224: 217: 200: 194: 193: 185: 179: 178: 164: 95:Article policies 25:SMPTE color bars 16: 2682: 2681: 2677: 2676: 2675: 2673: 2672: 2671: 2607: 2606: 2590: 2573:107.184.247.128 2545: 2509: 2454: 2438:107.184.247.128 2424: 2423: 2422: 2415: 2411: 2404: 2400: 2393: 2389: 2382: 2378: 2371: 2367: 1617: 1536:107.184.247.128 1126: 1053: 988: 973: 971: 969: 930: 897: 895: 893: 887:this (figure 2) 882: 864: 845: 791:141.149.149.200 784: 780: 741: 730: 711: 683: 672: 639: 597:—The preceding 552: 539: 537: 486: 438:High-importance 421: 418: 415: 412: 411: 385: 378: 359:High‑importance 358: 352: 304: 301: 298: 295: 294: 260: 255: 253: 230: 201:on Knowledge's 198: 121: 116: 115: 114: 91: 61: 12: 11: 5: 2680: 2678: 2670: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2609: 2608: 2589: 2586: 2585: 2584: 2561: 2560: 2559: 2558: 2500: 2499: 2496: 2495:controversial. 2488: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2472: 2469: 2453: 2450: 2421: 2420: 2409: 2398: 2387: 2376: 2364: 2363: 2359: 2358: 2357: 2356: 2355: 2354: 2353: 2343:212.248.24.235 2339: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2258: 2229: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2171: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2113: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2055: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 1997: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1939: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1881: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1823: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1765: 1764: 1757: 1750: 1743: 1741: 1734: 1727: 1720: 1718: 1711: 1704: 1697: 1695: 1688: 1681: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1632: 1631: 1626: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1611: 1610: 1609: 1608: 1607: 1606: 1605: 1595:212.248.24.235 1569: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1496: 1493: 1456: 1455: 1410: 1409: 1394: 1368: 1367: 1344: 1343: 1342: 1341: 1283: 1282: 1255: 1254: 1211: 1210: 1209: 1208: 1125: 1122: 1121: 1120: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1047: 1046: 1045: 1044: 1043: 1042: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1015: 1014: 1013: 1012: 1011: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1006: 948: 947: 946: 945: 944: 943: 910: 909: 865: 863: 860: 859: 858: 779: 776: 775: 774: 762: 761: 729: 726: 725: 724: 706:This is about 671: 668: 662:EngineerScotty 654: 653: 650: 638: 635: 634: 633: 628:EngineerScotty 624:scenes a faire 592: 591: 586: 585: 551: 548: 545: 544: 535: 519: 492: 478: 477: 474: 473: 470: 469: 466:Top-importance 456: 446: 445: 434: 428: 427: 425: 391: 390: 374: 362: 361: 347: 335: 334: 331: 330: 321: 311: 310: 308: 266: 265: 249: 237: 236: 225: 213: 212: 206: 195: 181: 180: 118: 117: 113: 112: 107: 102: 93: 92: 90: 89: 82: 77: 68: 62: 60: 59: 48: 39: 38: 35: 34: 28: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2679: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2614: 2612: 2605: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2587: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2563: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2548: 2543: 2539: 2538: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2524: 2523: 2522: 2521: 2516: 2512: 2507: 2504: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2458: 2457: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2428: 2418: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2369: 2366: 2362: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2304: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2273: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2255: 2254: 2253: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2236: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2172: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2114: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2056: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1756: 1755: 1751: 1749: 1748: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1739: 1735: 1733: 1732: 1728: 1726: 1725: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1716: 1712: 1710: 1709: 1705: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1693: 1689: 1687: 1686: 1682: 1680: 1679: 1675: 1673: 1672: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1650: 1647: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1620: 1614: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1593: 1588: 1587: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1548: 1547: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1510: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1500:172.91.176.10 1497: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1479: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1467:172.91.176.10 1464: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1433: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1421:172.91.176.10 1418: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1379:172.91.176.10 1376: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1353:illustration 1350: 1349: 1348: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1327: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1313: 1312: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1301:172.91.176.10 1298: 1292: 1288: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1268: 1267: 1266: 1264: 1258: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1236: 1232: 1231:172.91.176.10 1228: 1221: 1218: 1214: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1196: 1192: 1191: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1172: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1160:173.228.2.244 1157: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1129: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1067: 1065: 1060: 1057: 1050: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1016: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 986: 985: 984: 981: 980: 979: 964: 960: 956: 955: 954: 953: 952: 951: 950: 949: 942: 938: 937: 933: 928: 927: 926: 922: 918: 914: 913: 912: 911: 908: 905: 904: 903: 888: 884: 883: 881: 877: 873: 869: 861: 857: 853: 852: 848: 843: 842: 841: 840: 837: 832: 831: 828: 824: 820: 817: 813: 809: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 777: 772: 768: 764: 763: 757: 753: 749: 745: 739: 735: 734:Elliott Smith 732: 731: 727: 723: 719: 718: 714: 709: 705: 704: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 679: 676: 669: 667: 666: 663: 659: 651: 648: 647: 646: 644: 636: 632: 629: 625: 621: 620:SMPTE website 617: 616: 615: 612: 608: 604: 600: 588: 587: 583: 582: 581: 579: 575: 571: 570:172.91.176.10 567: 562: 558: 555: 549: 542: 536: 532: 528: 524: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 484: 483: 467: 464:(assessed as 463: 462: 452: 448: 447: 443: 439: 433: 430: 429: 426: 409: 405: 401: 397: 396: 388: 382: 377: 375: 372: 368: 367: 363: 356: 351: 348: 345: 341: 328: 327: 317: 313: 312: 309: 305:film articles 292: 288: 287:documentation 284: 280: 276: 272: 271: 263: 252: 250: 247: 243: 242: 238: 234: 229: 226: 223: 219: 214: 210: 204: 196: 192: 187: 186: 177: 173: 170: 167: 163: 159: 155: 152: 149: 146: 143: 140: 137: 134: 131: 127: 124: 123:Find sources: 120: 119: 111: 110:Verifiability 108: 106: 103: 101: 98: 97: 96: 87: 83: 81: 78: 76: 72: 69: 67: 64: 63: 57: 53: 52:Learn to edit 49: 46: 41: 40: 37: 36: 32: 26: 22: 18: 17: 2591: 2567:— Preceding 2508: 2505: 2501: 2455: 2432:— Preceding 2429: 2425: 2412: 2401: 2390: 2379: 2368: 2360: 2240: 2234: 2232: 2216: 2202: 2188: 2174: 2158: 2144: 2130: 2116: 2100: 2086: 2072: 2058: 2042: 2028: 2014: 2000: 1984: 1970: 1956: 1942: 1926: 1912: 1898: 1884: 1868: 1854: 1840: 1826: 1810: 1796: 1782: 1768: 1760: 1759: 1753: 1752: 1746: 1745: 1737: 1736: 1730: 1729: 1723: 1722: 1714: 1713: 1707: 1706: 1700: 1699: 1691: 1690: 1684: 1683: 1677: 1676: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1644: 1633: 1618: 1550: 1530:— Preceding 1461:— Preceding 1457: 1415:— Preceding 1411: 1373:— Preceding 1369: 1352: 1345: 1295:— Preceding 1290: 1286: 1284: 1262: 1260: 1259: 1256: 1225:— Preceding 1222: 1219: 1215: 1212: 1154:— Preceding 1151: 1133:— Preceding 1130: 1127: 1093: 1090: 1085: 1081: 1079: 1074: 1070: 1068: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1054: 995:69.12.176.20 989:— Preceding 967: 966: 935: 891: 890: 867: 850: 844:1000 Hz. -- 833: 805: 781: 748:69.230.161.1 716: 707: 680: 677: 673: 655: 640: 593: 564:— Preceding 559: 556: 553: 503: 499: 495: 459: 437: 393: 324: 268: 209:WikiProjects 171: 165: 157: 150: 144: 138: 132: 122: 94: 19:This is the 1139:50.1.203.20 870:section. -- 812:open source 785:—Preceding 771:The Buggles 742:—Preceding 684:—Preceding 603:64.81.58.56 262:Film portal 148:free images 31:not a forum 2611:Categories 2361:References 1263:television 1124:Inaccurate 808:Ogg Vorbis 658:color bars 500:photograph 413:Television 355:Test cards 350:Television 291:guidelines 279:open tasks 233:Filmmaking 836:Curvebill 88:if needed 71:Be polite 21:talk page 2569:unsigned 2547:Thparkth 2511:Thparkth 2434:unsigned 1532:unsigned 1463:unsigned 1417:unsigned 1375:unsigned 1297:unsigned 1227:unsigned 1156:unsigned 1135:unsigned 1095:Chris319 1029:Chris319 991:unsigned 932:Denelson 917:Thomprod 872:Thomprod 847:Denelson 799:contribs 787:unsigned 756:contribs 744:unsigned 713:Denelson 698:contribs 686:unsigned 611:contribs 599:unsigned 566:unsigned 508:included 56:get help 29:This is 27:article. 2595:Hym3242 2492:Commons 2294:4throck 2243:4throck 2043:Magenta 2029:Magenta 2015:Magenta 2001:Magenta 1658:HD 100% 1653:SD 100% 1577:4throck 1399:4throck 1357:4throck 959:WP:NFCC 827:Ianmacm 690:Milivoj 590:reason. 440:on the 199:C-class 154:WP refs 142:scholar 1869:Yellow 1855:Yellow 1841:Yellow 1827:Yellow 1668:HD 75% 1663:SD 75% 868:Useage 823:Winamp 540:Upload 531:Flickr 205:scale. 126:Google 2320:WP:RS 2314:: --> 2306:: --> 2256:: --> 2235:Note: 2217:Black 2203:Black 2189:Black 2175:Black 1985:Green 1971:Green 1957:Green 1943:Green 1811:White 1797:White 1783:White 1769:White 708:SMPTE 496:image 169:JSTOR 130:books 84:Seek 2599:talk 2577:talk 2551:talk 2532:talk 2528:Kvng 2515:talk 2442:talk 2347:talk 2333:talk 2298:talk 2267:talk 2247:talk 2227:512 2224:512 2213:512 2210:512 2199:512 2196:512 2185:512 2182:512 2166:848 2163:111 2159:Blue 2155:457 2152:848 2149:139 2145:Blue 2141:462 2138:960 2135:127 2131:Blue 2127:439 2124:960 2121:164 2117:Blue 2111:848 2108:435 2105:204 2097:848 2094:399 2091:260 2083:960 2080:409 2077:250 2069:960 2066:361 2063:326 2053:817 2050:771 2047:251 2039:793 2036:735 2033:335 2025:919 2022:857 2019:314 2011:887 2008:809 2005:426 1995:207 1992:253 1989:534 1978:289 1975:450 1967:105 1964:167 1961:690 1953:137 1950:215 1947:578 1937:176 1934:589 1931:581 1927:Cyan 1923:176 1920:625 1917:525 1913:Cyan 1906:615 1903:754 1899:Cyan 1892:663 1889:678 1885:Cyan 1879:543 1876:176 1873:674 1865:567 1862:176 1859:646 1851:553 1845:877 1837:585 1831:840 1821:512 1818:512 1815:940 1807:512 1804:512 1801:940 1793:512 1790:512 1787:940 1779:512 1776:512 1773:940 1599:talk 1581:talk 1575:... 1560:talk 1540:talk 1518:talk 1504:talk 1487:talk 1471:talk 1449:talk 1425:talk 1403:talk 1383:talk 1361:talk 1335:talk 1321:talk 1305:talk 1276:talk 1248:talk 1235:talk 1202:talk 1185:talk 1164:talk 1143:talk 1114:talk 1099:talk 1033:talk 999:talk 970:♦Ian 963:here 921:talk 894:♦Ian 876:talk 795:talk 752:talk 694:talk 643:NTSC 607:talk 574:talk 550:When 521:The 432:High 296:Film 281:and 228:Film 162:FENS 136:news 73:and 2221:64 2207:64 2193:64 2179:64 2169:16 2101:Red 2087:Red 2073:Red 2059:Red 1909:64 1895:64 1848:64 1834:64 1551:but 885:Is 821:. 816:MP3 769:by 525:or 506:be 502:of 498:or 176:TWL 2613:: 2601:) 2579:) 2534:) 2444:) 2349:) 2335:) 2300:) 2269:) 2249:) 1981:0 1761:Cr 1754:Cb 1738:Cr 1731:Cb 1715:Cr 1708:Cb 1692:Cr 1685:Cb 1601:) 1583:) 1562:) 1542:) 1520:) 1506:) 1489:) 1473:) 1451:) 1427:) 1405:) 1385:) 1363:) 1337:) 1323:) 1307:) 1278:) 1250:) 1204:) 1187:) 1166:) 1145:) 1116:) 1101:) 1088:) 1086:HD 1082:12 1077:) 1075:SD 1071:25 1064:20 1035:) 1001:) 977:M♦ 972:Ma 936:83 923:) 901:M♦ 896:Ma 878:) 851:83 797:• 754:• 717:83 696:• 609:• 576:) 468:). 353:: 231:: 156:) 54:; 2597:( 2575:( 2553:) 2549:( 2530:( 2526:~ 2517:) 2513:( 2440:( 2345:( 2331:( 2296:( 2265:( 2245:( 1747:Y 1724:Y 1701:Y 1678:Y 1597:( 1579:( 1558:( 1538:( 1516:( 1502:( 1485:( 1469:( 1447:( 1423:( 1401:( 1381:( 1359:( 1333:( 1319:( 1303:( 1274:( 1246:( 1233:( 1200:( 1183:( 1162:( 1141:( 1112:( 1097:( 1031:( 997:( 974:c 919:( 898:c 874:( 793:( 750:( 692:( 605:( 572:( 444:. 329:. 293:. 211:: 172:· 166:· 158:· 151:· 145:· 139:· 133:· 128:( 58:.

Index

talk page
SMPTE color bars
not a forum
Click here to start a new topic.
Learn to edit
get help
Assume good faith
Be polite
avoid personal attacks
Be welcoming to newcomers
dispute resolution
Neutral point of view
No original research
Verifiability
Google
books
news
scholar
free images
WP refs
FENS
JSTOR
TWL

content assessment
WikiProjects
WikiProject icon
Film
Filmmaking
WikiProject icon

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

↑