78:
20:
93:, talking sticks are carved wooden staffs, which can either bear a single crest at the top or be fully carved with heraldic clan crests of the chief or hereditary political spokesman. The staffs can include shell inlay. The staffs resemble small
101:, a chief or their designated speaker holds the talking stick and makes announcements. The speaker thumps the stick on the ground for emphasis. In some situations, a feather has been used as a stand-in for the talking stick.
136:
carved the world's largest totem pole featuring a Cedar Man wielding a 4.3 meter (14 foot) tall talking stick. Representations of chiefs are carved in totem poles carrying talking sticks as well as
50:
nations of North
America. The talking stick may be passed around a group, as multiple people speak in turn, or used only by leaders as a symbol of their authority and right to speak in public.
47:
395:
90:
334:
310:
282:
344:
327:
293:
300:
385:
317:
390:
254:
370:
361:
133:
82:
137:
125:
117:
72:
340:
323:
306:
289:
28:
24:
116:, that incorporated symbolism of the United States and Russia. This staff was carried from
104:
Talking sticks are a contemporary
Northwest Coast art form with great symbolic importance.
109:
149:
113:
19:
379:
77:
53:
230:
129:
94:
105:
57:
43:
56:
chiefs in
Western Africa have a tradition of speaker's staffs capped with
284:
Understanding
Northwest Coast Art: A Guide to Crests, Beings, and Symbols
98:
154:
63:. These emerged in the 19th century as a symbol of the holder's power.
319:
The Arts of the North
American Indian: Native Traditions in Evolution.
128:
by participating athletes. Talking sticks are also incorporated into
121:
60:
46:
used by a number of
Indigenous communities, especially those in the
112:
was commissioned to sculpt a crown of a talking stick for the 1990
16:
Instrument of
Indigenous democracy, especially in Northwest America
76:
360:
William A. Haviland, Harald E. L. Prins, and Dana
Walrath, 2007,
97:
and are still used ceremonially today. At gatherings, especially
258:
Cowichan Valley Travel, Tourism and
Photography Information.
255:"Cedar Man Holding Talking Stick – Richard Hunt 1988."
339:Continuum International Publishing Group, 2003.
369:, Michael M. Cernea, and Amir H. Kassam, 2005,
8:
358:Cultural anthropology: the human challenge,
91:Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest
305:Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 1993.
288:Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 2000.
18:
367:Researching the culture in agri-culture
165:
396:Indigenous woodcarving of the Americas
185:
183:
181:
171:
169:
336:Continuum Encyclopedia of Native Art.
199:
197:
195:
7:
27:man with a talking stick, photo by
299:Stewart, Hillary and Norman Tait.
14:
42:, is an instrument of Indigenous
85:carving a talking stick, Canada
1:
67:Pacific Northwest Coast art
412:
70:
132:. In 1988 Kwakwaka'wakw
302:Looking at Totem Poles.
236:(retrieved 27 Oct 2011)
86:
31:
386:Native American tools
260:retrieved 27 Oct 2011
81:Kwakwaka'wakw artist
80:
22:
322:Hudson Hills, 1995.
269:Stewart and Tait 141
245:Stewart and Tait 115
391:Northwest Coast art
231:"Artist's Profile."
203:Stewart and Tait 41
126:Seattle, Washington
118:Spokane, Washington
73:Northwest Coast art
89:Among many of the
87:
32:
333:Werness, Hope B.
311:978-1-55054-074-1
48:Pacific Northwest
403:
281:Shearer, Cindy.
270:
267:
261:
252:
246:
243:
237:
228:
222:
219:
213:
210:
204:
201:
190:
187:
176:
173:
38:, also called a
29:Edward S. Curtis
411:
410:
406:
405:
404:
402:
401:
400:
376:
375:
354:
352:Further reading
316:Wade, Edwin L.
278:
273:
268:
264:
253:
249:
244:
240:
229:
225:
220:
216:
211:
207:
202:
193:
188:
179:
174:
167:
163:
146:
110:David A. Boxley
75:
69:
40:speaker's staff
17:
12:
11:
5:
409:
407:
399:
398:
393:
388:
378:
377:
374:
373:
364:
353:
350:
349:
348:
345:978-0826414656
331:
328:978-0933920569
314:
297:
277:
274:
272:
271:
262:
247:
238:
223:
214:
205:
191:
177:
164:
162:
159:
158:
157:
152:
145:
142:
114:Goodwill Games
71:Main article:
68:
65:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
408:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
383:
381:
372:
368:
365:
363:
359:
356:
355:
351:
346:
342:
338:
337:
332:
329:
325:
321:
320:
315:
312:
308:
304:
303:
298:
295:
294:0-295-97973-9
291:
287:
285:
280:
279:
275:
266:
263:
259:
256:
251:
248:
242:
239:
235:
234:David Boxley.
232:
227:
224:
218:
215:
209:
206:
200:
198:
196:
192:
186:
184:
182:
178:
172:
170:
166:
160:
156:
153:
151:
148:
147:
143:
141:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
102:
100:
96:
92:
84:
79:
74:
66:
64:
62:
59:
55:
51:
49:
45:
41:
37:
36:talking stick
30:
26:
25:Kwakwaka'wakw
21:
366:
357:
335:
318:
301:
283:
265:
257:
250:
241:
233:
226:
217:
208:
134:Richard Hunt
103:
88:
83:Richard Hunt
52:
39:
35:
33:
212:Shearer 103
189:Werness 295
130:totem poles
108:woodcarver
95:totem poles
58:gold-leafed
380:Categories
276:References
221:Shearer 46
124:and on to
99:potlatches
106:Tsimshian
44:democracy
144:See also
175:Wade 31
155:Sceptre
138:coppers
61:finials
371:source
362:source
343:
326:
309:
292:
122:Oregon
161:Notes
341:ISBN
324:ISBN
307:ISBN
290:ISBN
150:Ruyi
54:Akan
120:to
382::
194:^
180:^
168:^
140:.
34:A
23:A
347:.
330:.
313:.
296:.
286:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
