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of data from 42 children's hospitals over a 9-year period found no significant difference before and after a 2007 recommendation for hospitals to adopt Tall Man lettering. However, this study has been criticized due to methodological limitations, such as not recording when and how Tall Man lettering
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to use tall man lettering labels to visually differentiate their drugs' names, and a number of hospitals, clinics, and health care systems use tall man lettering in their computerized order entry, automated dispensing machines, medication admission records, prescription labels, and drug product
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study found that Tall Man lettering resulted in fewer errors when selecting a target drug from an array of choices. Other laboratory-based studies of Tall Man lettering show a mixture of positive and
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Wrong-drug errors have been found to occur at a rate of about one per thousand orders filled or dispensed. Evidence regarding the effect of Tall Man lettering on error rates is mixed.
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Filik, R; Purdy, K; Gale, A; Gerrett, D (December 2004). "Drug name confusion: Evaluating the effectiveness of capital ("Tall Man") letters using eye movement data".
205:(ISMP) has a supplemental list covering pairs not recommended by the FDA, but considered necessary by the ISMP. ISMP Canada also offers additional recommendations.
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letters to help distinguish sound-alike, look-alike drugs from one another in order to avoid medication errors. For example, in tall man lettering, "
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329:"Does Tall Man lettering prevent drug name confusion errors? Incomplete and conflicting evidence suggest need for definitive study"
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409:"Tall Man lettering and potential prescription errors: A time series analysis of 42 children's hospitals in the USA over 9 years"
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The FDA published a list of recommended Tall-Man
Letters for look-alike drugs which includes, but is not limited to:
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268:"FAQ: 5. How should Tallman lettering be applied to look-alike/sound-alike drug name pairs?"
244:. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Archived from
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Zhong, Wenjun; Feinstein, James A; Patel, Neil S; Dai, Dingwei; Feudtner, Chris (2016).
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520:"Drug Labelling and the Application of TALLman Lettering Project Report"
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482:"TALLman Lettering for Look-Alike/Sound-Alike Drug Names in Canada"
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Lambert, Bruce L; Schroeder, Scott R; Galanter, William L (2016).
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Practice of writing part of a drug's name in upper case letters
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ISMP updates its list of drug name pairs with TALL man letters
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Johns
Hopkins Hospital "Pharmacy and Therapeutics Newsletter"
460:. Institute for Safe Medication Practices. November 20, 2016
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was adopted, if at all, at each of the hospitals studied.
454:"Look-Alike Drug Names with Recommended Tall Man Letters"
302:"University of Utah Health Care Pharmacy Alert #191"
470:PDF attachment (registration needed, 2011 version)
527:Institute for Safe Medication Practices Canada
306:Fraser Health 'Doctors in the Know' newsletter
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308:dated September, 2006, browsed 2007/12/20;
86:, which may be further complicated due to
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276:Institute for Safe Medication Practices
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203:Institute for Safe Medication Practices
42:) is the practice of writing part of a
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304:dated 2006/12/04, browsed 2007/12/20;
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312:dated July 2005, archived 2007/3/15.
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386:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.04.008
238:"Name Differentiation Project"
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373:Social Science & Medicine
60:Food and Drug Administration
27:, labeled as "DOPamine HCl"
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428:10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004562
348:10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004929
414:BMJ Quality & Safety
334:BMJ Quality & Safety
90:of some of the studies.
88:demand characteristics
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282:on December 18, 2007
248:on February 21, 2008
95:time-series analysis
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545:Health informatics
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156:DAUNOrubicin
151:cycloSPORINE
142:clomiPRAMINE
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56:prednisolone
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286:January 10,
252:January 10,
196:vinCRIStine
192:vinBLAStine
187:TOLBUTamide
178:hydrOXYzine
174:hydrALAzine
160:DOXOrubicin
147:cycloSERINE
46:'s name in
539:Categories
494:25 October
464:2022-01-10
300:Examples:
221:References
183:TOLAZamide
165:DOBUTamine
138:clomiPHENE
52:prednisone
48:upper case
23:A vial of
124:busPIRone
120:buPROPion
550:Pharmacy
458:ISMP.org
437:26534995
394:15474212
357:26700541
272:ISMP.org
209:See also
169:DOPamine
102:Examples
67:labels.
25:Dopamine
242:FDA.gov
93:A 2016
78:A 2004
54:" and "
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523:(PDF)
485:(PDF)
496:2022
433:PMID
390:PMID
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288:2022
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201:The
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