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538:, or sometimes by actual black performers. On stage, the tambourine and bones players in minstrelsy stood to the far left and far right of the Interlocutor (master of ceremonies) and were titled Brother Tambo and Brother Bones: because of their position they were called the end men. The tambourine was also used in some
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in mind; in some cases, band members have purposely hidden the tambourine from an irresponsible lead singer who disregards the interplay of rhythm. On the other hand, skilled performers such as Jagger have brought a fine sense of timing to their tambourine playing. In the
Rolling Stones' 1964 U.S.
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An advanced playing technique is known as the thumb or finger roll. The middle finger or thumb is moved over the skin or rim of the tambourine, producing a fast roll from the jingles on the instrument. The thumb or middle finger of the hand not holding the tambourine is run around the head of the
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writing parts for tambourine, indicating as many as 30 different playing strokes or moves. The tambourines of this era often had a circular hole in the frame for the thumb, as one of the moves was to spin the tambourine on the upright thumb. In the late 19th century,
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instrument approximately one centimeter from the rim with some pressure applied. If performed correctly, the finger should bounce along the head rapidly, producing the roll. Usually, the end of the roll is articulated using the heel of the hand or another finger.
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is commonly smeared around the edges of the head to assist in the technique. These materials increase friction making it easier to execute. A continuous roll can be achieved by moving the thumb in a "figure of 8" pattern around the head.
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similar to a tambourine. A buben consists of a wooden or metal hoop with a tight membrane stretched over one of its sides (some bubens have no membrane at all). Certain kinds of bubens are equipped with clanking metal rings, plates,
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used the tambourine as a percussion instrument, and it was often passed around the audience to collect money after a performance. In the late 1700s, the tambourine had a surge in popularity in
England, with some composers of
307:
1306:(basque diatonic accordion) in a duo most of the times. Sometimes the players, who play in festivities to enliven the atmosphere or less frequently at onstage performances, sing along. At times the pandero accompanies the
1580:
Deff - Tambourine, Palestine, picture p. 579 in W. M. Thomson: The Land and the Book; or
Biblical Illustrations Drawn from the Manners and Customs, the Scenes and Scenery of the Holy Land. Vol. II. New York,
480:" which was taken from the Bible. By 1945, Salvation Army performances often entailed elaborate tambourine choreography performed by squads in para-military style, more for visual appeal than for musicality.
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was among the earliest western composers to include the tambourine in his compositions. Since the late eighteenth century it has become more common in western orchestral music, as exemplified in some of
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holds the snare to the back of the beat, which allows the longer decay time of the tambourine to synchronise with the snare at the end. The result is an intentional feeling of running to catch up.
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992:, or little bells. It is held in the hand and can be played in numerous ways, from stroking or shaking the jingles to striking it sharply with hand. It is used for rhythmical
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got his start as a child performing for handouts in the street with an exuberant tambourine performance, beating the instrument's drumhead on his elbows, knees, and head.
1252:: A common use of tambourine (Daf) is by Albanians. They are often played by women and bridesmaids in wedding cases to lead the ceremony when bride walks down the aisle.
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There are several ways to achieve a tambourine roll. The easiest method is to rapidly rotate the hand holding the tambourine back and forth, pivoting at the wrist.
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347:. (Notice the coloured decorative woven stripes hanging on the tambourine, which can still be seen today on "tamburello", the tambourine of Southern Italy.)
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settlers. It is a hand percussion instrument consisting of a single tension-headed drum with jingles in the frame. It is very typical of more traditional
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and other places. The tambourine passed to Europe by way of merchants or musicians. Tambourines were used in ancient Egypt, where they were known as the
2312:
Georges Bizet. Carmen. Opéra comique en quatre actes. Critical
Edition edited by Robert Didion. Ernst Eulenberg Ltd, 1992, 2003 (No. 5 Habanera, p. 99).
1238:. Daf typically indicates the beat and tempo of the music being played, thus acts like the conductor in the monophonic oriental music. The Persian poet
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558:. The tambourine was played by gospel groups and choirs, and carried prominently by singers who did not otherwise play an instrument, notably by
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1318:, the youth gathered to dance to the rhythm of the bare pandero, with no other music instrument implicated but the player's (a woman's) voice.
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The origin of the tambourine is unknown, but it appears in historical writings as early as 1700 BC and was used by ancient musicians first in
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1358:. It is an important instrument in both folk and classical music throughout the Arabic-speaking world. The instruments are widely known as
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may not have a head. Tambourines are often used with regular percussion sets. They can be mounted, for example on a stand as part of a
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Inspired by
African American examples, musicians of all races have used the tambourine in modern pop music. It was featured in "
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The tambourine can be held in the hand or mounted on a stand, and can be played in numerous ways, from stroking or shaking the
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Singers who rarely play an instrument are likely to play the tambourine at concerts: among the most well-known examples are
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during dances, soloist or choral singing. Buben is often used by some folk and professional bands, as well as orchestras.
182:(and played with drum sticks), or they can be held in the hand and played by tapping, hitting, or shaking the instrument.
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was accompanied by his brother Uaroy on tambourine and voice, singing both sacred and secular songs. Singer-songwriter
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604:. Motown singers and musicians often grew up with gospel music, and they carried the tambourine into pop performance.
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in the early 20th century, by the 1920s the tambourine was firmly established as the primary percussion instrument of
20:
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624:'s distinctive tambourine playing was a dominant part of the rhythm section on many Motown records, for instance on
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who was able to elicit a wide range of sounds from the instrument including the chugging of a steam train. Used for
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in the northern Hindi-speaking parts of India and is a common instrument in orchestras and solos. Nepal also has a
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526:, and it was used for celebrations and dancing. The tambourine became one of the main instruments of the American
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801:. Some position the tambourine above the toms in the same manner as a cymbal, for instance, Nathan Followill of
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1192:) is a large-sized tambourine or Perso-Arabic frame drum used to accompany both popular and classical music in
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600:, the tambourine often accompanied the changes. It continued its foray into popular music within the music of
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or "jingle ring", lacking a drum head. The singer should, however, play the tambourine with the overall song
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often takes the stage while beating and shaking a tambourine, and he is featured on the tambourine in
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Woman holding a mirror and a tambourine facing a winged genie with a ribbon and a branch with leaves.
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is a Malay tambourine that is used in
Islamic devotional music in Southeast Asia, particularly in
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to striking it sharply with the hand or a stick or using the tambourine to strike the leg or hip.
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At the same time, the tambourine expanded from gospel music to various forms of
African American
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codified the tambourine as one of their important rhythm instruments. They preferred the term "
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Tim Barnes (2002). "Loosen up: the
Rolling Stones ring in the 1960s". In Andrew Blake (ed.).
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Dena J. Epstein (1963). "Slave Music in the United States before 1860: A Survey of
Sources".
1985:
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
1030:. Buben is known to have existed in many countries since time immemorial, especially in the
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group from New
Orleans, opted for a tambourine player, Steve Amedée, instead of a drummer.
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774:" at the Newport Jazz Festival, she said "Where's my tambourine?", as heard on the album
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285:, which referred to a long narrow drum used in Provence, the word being a diminutive of
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510:. To supply rhythm in music, they turned to smaller percussion instruments such as the
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368:. Detail from the Triumph of Dionysus, on a Roman mosaic from Tunisia (3rd century AD)
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also features the tambourine in several places, especially in the "Jupiter" movement.
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A traditional Central Asian musician from the 1860s or 1870s, holding up his dayereh.
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In jazz, the tambourine was used prominently but non-traditionally by percussionist
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performed with two tambourines – more for choreography than percussion – played by
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to the Hebrews, who mainly used the instrument in religious contexts. The word
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2015:
John Shepherd; David Horn; Dave Laing; Paul Oliver; Peter Wicke, eds. (2003).
1911:"tambourine | Origin and meaning of tambourine by Online Etymology Dictionary"
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and as a solo performer. Very often, the instrument used in pop music is the
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connected a tambourine to a foot pedal, for his left foot to operate like a
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concerts (South Indian classical music) as a supporting instrument for the
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741:", the less-known version, Jagger lays the tambourine on the front of the
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Jazz, pop and rock drummers sometimes mount a headless tambourine in the
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too. Yet these kinds of duos have not always been the case. As attested
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1711:) is a one-sided traditional tambourine played with the hands, used in
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An Iranian woman playing a frame drum, from a painting on the walls of
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simply mounted a tambourine above the hi-hat for extra sonic colour.
822:
601:
359:
270:
186:
2429:
2258:"Tchaikovsky, P. 1892. The Nutcracker Suite, Op. 71a (Danse Trepak)"
1936:"tabor | Origin and meaning of tabor by Online Etymology Dictionary"
693:. The tambourine part of the song serves to drive the beat forward.
2053:
1451:
34:"Buben" redirects here. For the "Buben group" of Soviet spies, see
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899:" aria which has a series of tambourine strikes in each chorus.
578:
170:". Classically the term tambourine denotes an instrument with a
167:
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1354:) is a type of tambourine used as a traditional instrument in
1342:
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1177:
1042:
123:
115:
68:
1302:
pandero is a folk instrument currently played along with the
462:
Various European folk traditions include the tambourine. The
2350:
1533:
1527:
1511:
1229:
542:
acts, including the 1840s dance and musical performances of
185:
Tambourines come in many shapes with the most common being
2105:
Rock Eras: Interpretations of Music and Society, 1954-1984
1484:
frame drum of the tambourine family. It is mostly used in
1669:), the principal musical instrument of percussion of the
1563:
An Account of the Manners and Customs of Modern Egyptians
2231:"The Subdudes | Biography, Albums, Streaming Links"
1018:
592:
In the 1950s as gospel elements were incorporated into
2213:
Geraldine Wyckoff (2016). "Living a Childhood Dream".
1416:
used to accompany both popular and classical music in
2017:
Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World
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107:
87:
75:
64:
57:
2219:(The Bible of Jazz Fest ed.). pp. 44–45.
2019:. Vol. 2. A & C Black. pp. 364–367.
1848:"The Tambourine and Music Making Around The Globe"
1047:
1035:
530:in the early 1800s, often performed by whites in
506:slaves were denied drums which might be used for
522:. The tambourine could accompany the singing of
2286:"Holst, G. 1916. The Planets, Op. 32 (Jupiter)"
1961:"Playing Techniques - Vienna Symphonic Library"
940:
2165:Rock N Roll Gold Rush: A Singles Un-Cyclopedia
1688:, with its typical red, black, and gold color.
1073:
1063:
1057:
794:, which tells the story of slavery in the US.
4840:
4617:
4115:
3739:
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2445:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
1614:of Turkish origin, but is commonly played in
1243:
1209:
1123:
1103:
1097:
950:
930:
8:
2098:
2096:
1899:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1644:
1187:
1113:
1034:. There are many kinds of bubens, including
970:
43:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1501:
1495:
1428:, and many central Asian countries such as
1219:
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3226:
3218:
2452:
2438:
2430:
1444:, and is something intermediate between a
2048:(3). Music Library Association: 377–390.
317:depicting a girl playing the tambourine.
5184:Classification of percussion instruments
1986:"Five Tips To Perfecting A "Thumb Roll""
497:New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival
2158:
2156:
1816:
380:Girl playing a tambourine. Detail from
303:
289:"drum," altered by influence of Arabic
4869:List of percussion instruments by type
2383:
770:wanted to play the old minstrel song "
189:. It is found in many forms of music:
42:
581:. For instance, singer and guitarist
7:
5245:Ancient Egyptian musical instruments
596:by African American singers such as
3754:Traditional musical instruments of
2137:Brinkworth, Jayson (2 March 2010).
1673:, similar to the modern tambourine.
1607:
1188:
1014:('a breed of bees') and related to
879:'s seven-movement orchestral suite
718:Big Brother and the Holding Company
14:
5260:Orchestral percussion instruments
5240:Ancient Greek musical instruments
2107:. Popular Press. pp. 96–97.
5214:List of vibraphone manufacturers
4813:Frame drums at Wikimedia Commons
3201:
3192:
3191:
2727:Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
2420:The New Student's Reference Work
2384:Problems playing this file? See
2366:
2079:. Psychology Press. p. 11.
1872:
1846:Overby, Jonathan (22 May 2014).
1573:
1565:(5th ed.) (published 1860).
1549:
373:
352:
326:
306:
151:consisting of a frame, often of
93:112.122(+211.311, with drumhead)
49:
16:Handheld drum with metal jingles
1885:Schlesinger, Kathleen (1911). "
689:recording of a song written by
514:and the tambourine, as well as
89:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
5255:Directly struck membranophones
4865:List of percussion instruments
1556:Ta'r, Egypt, picture p.366 in
1:
5219:List of timpani manufacturers
5209:List of marimba manufacturers
4581:Azerbaijani traditional music
2470:List of Renaissance composers
1008:('low and hollow sound') and
99:, sometimes including struck
5199:List of cymbal manufacturers
2376:Half moon tambourine rhythms
855:Philadelphia Youth Orchestra
281:finds its origins in French
4131:Iranian musical instruments
4084:List of gamelan instruments
2293:Ks.petruccimusiclibrary.org
2265:Ks.petruccimusiclibrary.org
1645:
1534:
1528:
1512:
1496:
1494:. The instrument is called
1244:
1230:
1114:
1104:
1098:
1074:
1064:
1058:
1048:
1036:
895:opera includes the famous "
677:released a hit version of "
508:long-distance communication
453:playing a tambourine (2012)
21:Tambourine (disambiguation)
5296:
5204:List of drum manufacturers
5153:Indoor percussion ensemble
3100:Petrus Phalesius the Elder
2915:English Virginalist School
1722:
1696:
1629:
1592:
1463:
1377:
1333:
1259:
1228:(where it is known as the
1175:
911:
484:African American influence
413:
227:Asturian traditional music
223:Galician traditional music
33:
18:
4942:
4862:
4807:
4589:Persian traditional music
4585:Kurdish traditional music
4574:
4089:List of gamelan varieties
3762:
3249:Greek musical instruments
3171:
2882:Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck
2467:
2192:. Routledge. p. 21.
2139:"The Almighty Tambourine"
2077:Josh White: Society Blues
1539:
1523:
1502:
1010:
1004:
941:
931:
869:'s dance pieces from the
390:Thomas Jefferson Building
114:
48:
4577:Afghan traditional music
867:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
650:performing in 1980 on a
4593:Tajik traditional music
2910:English Madrigal School
2403:Encyclopædia Britannica
2167:. Algora. p. 200.
1896:Encyclopædia Britannica
1019:
999:The name is related to
862:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
4856:Percussion instruments
2752:Tomás Luis de Victoria
2556:Oswald von Wolkenstein
2406:(11th ed.). 1911.
2355:
1689:
1508:variety of tambourines
1456:
1370:
1326:
1220:
1210:
1168:
1124:
1084:
971:
961:
951:
923:
858:
777:Nina Simone at Newport
654:
583:Blind Roosevelt Graves
500:
454:
388:. Library of Congress
386:Charles Sprague Pearce
159:, with pairs of small
5104:Electronic percussion
2772:Transition to Baroque
2717:Pierre de Manchicourt
2354:
1680:Redep, a rebana from
1679:
1610:) is a single-headed
1510:, going by the names
1454:
1442:percussion instrument
1368:
1324:
1154:
921:
853:Percussionist in the
852:
646:
491:
449:
59:Percussion instrument
5131:Percussion groupings
4981:Unpitched percussion
2802:Girolamo Frescobaldi
2609:Cristóbal de Morales
2075:Elijah Wald (2002).
1408:) is a medium-sized
1218:(where it is called
1208:(where it is called
1144:were referred to as
665:-oriented song from
616:standing apart from
495:performs in 2008 at
5265:Drum kit components
5163:Percussion ensemble
5143:Marching percussion
4886:Keyboard percussion
2920:Florentine Camerata
2892:Composition schools
2551:Gaspar van Weerbeke
2163:Maury Dean (2003).
2103:Jim Curtis (1987).
1559:Edward William Lane
1226:Indian subcontinent
903:Similar instruments
791:Blood on the Fields
763:Volunteered Slavery
758:Rahsaan Roland Kirk
730:headless tambourine
652:headless tambourine
343:, ca. 320 BC, from
321:Archaeology Museum.
191:Albanian folk music
109:Related instruments
95:(Indirectly struck
45:
5158:Percussion section
4877:Pitched percussion
3970:Kempyang and ketuk
3115:Thomas Vautrollier
3095:Ottaviano Petrucci
3070:Pierre Attaingnant
3060:Hieronymus Andreae
2867:Michael Praetorius
2852:Claudio Monteverdi
2842:Giovanni de Macque
2837:Luzzasco Luzzaschi
2807:Alfonso Fontanelli
2697:Francisco Guerrero
2672:Antonio de Cabezón
2584:Thomas Crecquillon
2566:Middle (1470–1530)
2546:Johannes Tinctoris
2486:Alexander Agricola
2413:"Tambourine"
2397:"Tambourine"
2356:
2190:Living Through Pop
1690:
1457:
1371:
1327:
1169:
981:musical instrument
924:
859:
845:In classical music
739:Time Is on My Side
702:the Rolling Stones
679:Mr. Tambourine Man
673:band. Similarly,
655:
501:
499:in the gospel tent
474:The Salvation Army
455:
392:, Washington, D.C.
315:red-figure pottery
269:and eventually to
211:Italian folk music
203:Turkish folk music
199:Israeli folk music
145:musical instrument
5227:
5226:
5194:Percussion mallet
4975:
4974:
4822:
4821:
4683:Pandereta plenera
4599:
4598:
4570:
4569:
4473:
4472:
4443:
4442:
4327:
4326:
4170:Classical kemençe
4097:
4096:
3721:
3720:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3558:
3557:
3411:
3410:
3346:
3345:
3215:
3214:
2812:Giovanni Gabrieli
2639:Philippe Verdelot
2536:Johannes Ockeghem
2478:Early (1400–1470)
2461:Renaissance music
2371:
2362:Modern Tambourine
1448:and a tambourine.
985:percussion family
788:'s jazz oratorio
293:"drum". from the
267:Ancient Near East
215:French folk music
195:Arabic folk music
149:percussion family
137:
136:
5287:
4882:
4849:
4842:
4835:
4826:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4603:
4492:
4487:
4455:
4344:
4339:
4150:
4145:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4101:
4077:Related articles
4048:Gordang sambilan
3748:
3741:
3734:
3725:
3698:Greek folk music
3618:
3448:
3441:
3278:
3260:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3219:
3205:
3195:
3194:
3075:Vittorio Baldini
3052:Music publishing
2827:Hans Leo Hassler
2782:Gregorio Allegri
2737:Cipriano de Rore
2712:Vicente Lusitano
2707:Orlando di Lasso
2662:Jacques Arcadelt
2629:Pierre de la Rue
2624:Josquin des Prez
2604:Clément Janequin
2599:Antoine de Févin
2589:Antonius Divitis
2531:Johannes Martini
2506:Guillaume Du Fay
2454:
2447:
2440:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2415:
2407:
2399:
2373:
2372:
2353:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2290:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2262:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2160:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2141:. The Black Page
2134:
2119:
2118:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2012:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1821:
1665:of the Moors of
1648:
1609:
1577:
1566:
1553:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1515:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1247:
1233:
1223:
1213:
1191:
1190:
1163:, 17th century,
1127:
1117:
1107:
1101:
1087:
1077:
1067:
1061:
1051:
1039:
1022:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1006:
974:
964:
954:
944:
943:
934:
933:
872:Nutcracker Suite
687:psychedelic rock
667:the Lemon Pipers
659:Green Tambourine
630:Going to a Go-Go
610:Florence Ballard
594:rhythm and blues
552:revival meetings
504:African American
410:Tambourine rolls
377:
356:
330:
310:
207:Greek folk music
53:
46:
5295:
5294:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5285:
5284:
5270:Hand percussion
5230:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5172:
5126:
5117:Electronic drum
5098:
4971:
4938:
4871:
4867:
4858:
4853:
4823:
4818:
4817:
4803:
4759:Patayani thappu
4697:
4688:Pandero jarocho
4661:
4635:
4630:
4600:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4566:
4532:Tonbak (Dombak)
4485:Kūbeheyī/Zarbī)
4484:
4481:
4480:
4469:
4450:
4439:
4398:
4337:(Sāzhāy-e Bādī)
4335:
4334:
4323:
4297:
4281:
4255:Azerbaijani Tar
4176:
4143:(Sāzhāy-e Zehī)
4141:
4140:
4133:
4128:
4098:
4093:
4072:
4024:
3879:
3816:
3783:
3758:
3752:
3722:
3717:
3703:Byzantine music
3693:Music of Greece
3673:
3642:
3609:
3554:
3538:
3482:
3473:Macedonian lyra
3432:
3407:
3374:
3342:
3309:
3276:
3251:
3246:
3216:
3211:
3188:
3180:
3167:
3119:
3105:Girolamo Scotto
3090:Antonio Gardano
3046:
2985:
2939:
2886:
2877:Heinrich Schütz
2872:Philippe Rogier
2822:Orlando Gibbons
2774:
2770:
2761:
2757:Giaches de Wert
2747:Christopher Tye
2702:Claude Le Jeune
2692:Claude Goudimel
2687:Nicolas Gombert
2682:Andrea Gabrieli
2677:Jacobus Clemens
2648:
2644:Adrian Willaert
2574:Martin Agricola
2560:
2496:Antoine Busnois
2491:Gilles Binchois
2472:
2463:
2458:
2410:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2367:
2364:
2357:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2340:
2331:
2329:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2269:
2267:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2241:
2239:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2122:
2115:
2102:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2014:
2013:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1884:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1856:
1854:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1754:
1727:
1721:
1701:
1695:
1649:of the ancient
1634:
1628:
1597:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1557:
1554:
1468:
1462:
1382:
1376:
1338:
1332:
1296:
1288:Brazilian music
1278:was brought to
1264:
1258:
1180:
1174:
922:Ukrainian bubon
916:
910:
905:
847:
807:Larry Mullen Jr
786:Wynton Marsalis
780:. Jazz drummer
766:. In 1960 when
638:How Sweet It Is
520:body percussion
493:Lady Tambourine
486:
460:
444:
426:
418:
412:
400:
393:
378:
369:
357:
348:
331:
322:
311:
259:
219:classical music
94:
82:Hand percussion
39:
36:Louis F. Budenz
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5293:
5291:
5283:
5282:
5277:
5275:Rhythm section
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5232:
5231:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5148:Front ensemble
5145:
5140:
5134:
5132:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5108:
5106:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4985:
4983:
4977:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4890:
4888:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4829:
4820:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4809:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4705:
4703:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4669:
4667:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4643:
4641:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4606:
4597:
4596:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4498:
4496:
4489:
4475:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4461:
4459:
4452:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4350:
4348:
4341:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4243:Kurdish tanbur
4240:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4162:
4156:
4154:
4147:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4104:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4030:Membranophones
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3826:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3793:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3728:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3624:
3622:
3621:Membranophones
3615:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3478:Calabrian lira
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3454:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3423:Byzantine lyra
3419:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3384:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3319:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3275:
3274:
3268:
3266:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3222:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3199:
3181:
3177:Medieval music
3173:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3133:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3110:Tielman Susato
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3085:Valerio Dorico
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2925:Franco-Flemish
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2817:Carlo Gesualdo
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2787:Thomas Campion
2784:
2778:
2776:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2732:Costanzo Porta
2729:
2724:
2722:Hans Neusidler
2719:
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2596:
2594:Costanzo Festa
2591:
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2579:Antoine Brumel
2576:
2570:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2521:Heinrich Isaac
2518:
2513:
2511:John Dunstaple
2508:
2503:
2501:Loyset Compère
2498:
2493:
2488:
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2480:
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2473:
2468:
2465:
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2349:
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2345:
2344:External links
2342:
2339:
2338:
2327:word reference
2314:
2305:
2277:
2249:
2222:
2205:
2198:
2180:
2173:
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2120:
2113:
2092:
2085:
2067:
2054:10.2307/895685
2032:
2025:
2002:
1977:
1952:
1940:Etymonline.com
1927:
1915:Etymonline.com
1902:
1891:Chisholm, Hugh
1864:
1838:
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1723:Main article:
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1587:
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1544:
1486:Carnatic music
1464:Main article:
1461:
1458:
1378:Main article:
1375:
1372:
1346:(also spelled
1334:Main article:
1331:
1328:
1295:
1292:
1266:Originated in
1260:Main article:
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1176:Main article:
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1001:Greek language
912:Main article:
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772:Li'l Liza Jane
671:white American
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313:Ancient Greek
312:
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301:"lute, drum".
295:Middle Persian
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77:Classification
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5123:
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5110:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5101:
5095:
5092:
5090:
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5080:
5079:Temple blocks
5077:
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5062:
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5017:
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4987:
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4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
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4941:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4924:Tubular bells
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4914:Tubular bells
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
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4891:
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4522:Dāyereh Zangī
4520:
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3468:Politiki lyra
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3184:Baroque music
3179:
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3170:
3162:
3159:
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3065:Andrea Antico
3063:
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2944:Musical forms
2942:
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2928:
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2857:Thomas Morley
2855:
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2847:Luca Marenzio
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1991:
1990:groverpro.com
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1881:public domain
1868:
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1827:. VSL-Academy
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1455:Kanjira drums
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1157:Chehel Sotoun
1153:
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1140:and military
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994:accompaniment
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888:
887:Georges Bizet
884:
883:
878:
874:
873:
868:
863:
856:
851:
844:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
819:Black Sabbath
816:
812:
808:
804:
803:Kings of Leon
800:
795:
793:
792:
787:
783:
779:
778:
773:
769:
765:
764:
759:
755:
750:
748:
747:Charlie Watts
744:
740:
735:
731:
727:
726:Fleetwood Mac
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
694:
692:
688:
684:
681:" in 1965, a
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
653:
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645:
641:
639:
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631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
571:popular music
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
528:minstrel show
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
498:
494:
490:
483:
481:
479:
475:
470:
465:
464:Romani people
457:
452:
448:
442:Popular music
441:
439:
436:
432:
423:
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417:
409:
407:
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397:
391:
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383:
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350:
346:
345:Magna Graecia
342:
339:
336:
335:Ancient Greek
329:
324:
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316:
309:
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302:
300:
296:
292:
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284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
263:Ancient Egypt
256:
254:
252:
248:
247:country music
244:
240:
236:
232:
231:Persian music
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
183:
181:
177:
176:some variants
173:
169:
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158:
154:
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146:
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133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:
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102:
101:membranophone
98:
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83:
80:
78:
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70:
67:
63:
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47:
41:
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26:
22:
5112:Drum machine
5068:
4904:Glockenspiel
4788:
4719:Crowdy-crawn
4482:
4336:
4302:Experimental
4238:Yaylı tambur
4142:
4014:
3822:Chordophones
3713:Greek dances
3627:
3570:Askomandoura
3182:
3175:
3146:Architecture
3080:Jacob Bathen
2797:John Dowland
2667:William Byrd
2541:Leonel Power
2419:
2401:
2330:, retrieved
2326:
2317:
2308:
2296:. Retrieved
2292:
2280:
2268:. Retrieved
2264:
2252:
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2234:
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2208:
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2183:
2164:
2143:. Retrieved
2104:
2076:
2070:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2016:
1993:. Retrieved
1989:
1980:
1968:. Retrieved
1964:
1955:
1943:. Retrieved
1939:
1930:
1918:. Retrieved
1914:
1905:
1894:
1867:
1855:. Retrieved
1851:
1841:
1829:. Retrieved
1825:"Tambourine"
1819:
1729:
1728:
1708:
1704:
1702:
1699:Raban (drum)
1662:
1654:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1616:North Africa
1599:
1598:
1562:
1518:
1489:
1482:South Indian
1477:
1471:
1469:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1383:
1359:
1356:Arabic music
1351:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1297:
1275:
1265:
1236:Turkmenistan
1183:
1181:
1145:
1122:countries),
1041:
1027:
1023:('bee') and
998:
926:
925:
890:
880:
877:Gustav Holst
870:
860:
835:The Subdudes
831:Led Zeppelin
796:
789:
782:Herlin Riley
775:
761:
751:
722:Stevie Nicks
714:Janis Joplin
706:Jim Morrison
695:
656:
648:Stevie Nicks
626:the Miracles
622:Jack Ashford
606:The Supremes
591:
568:
564:Luther Magby
560:Bessie Jones
556:gospel music
502:
461:
427:
419:
401:
381:
363:
298:
290:
286:
282:
278:
260:
239:gospel music
184:
140:
138:
40:
5168:Drum circle
4769:Riddle drum
4633:Frame drums
4562:Zarbang Udu
3463:Pontic lyra
3458:Cretan lyra
3398:Water organ
3136:Renaissance
3131:Early music
3027:Netherlands
3007:Elizabethan
2862:Jacopo Peri
2832:Alonso Lobo
2792:John Cooper
2654:Late (1530)
2614:Jean Mouton
2526:Jean Japart
2516:Walter Frye
1945:26 February
1920:26 February
1620:Middle East
1430:Afghanistan
882:The Planets
827:John Bonham
768:Nina Simone
760:in 1969 on
756:who backed
754:Joe Texidor
737:single of "
734:arrangement
724:as part of
698:Mick Jagger
634:Marvin Gaye
614:Mary Wilson
598:Ray Charles
548:Pentecostal
544:Master Juba
536:Ned Christy
469:salon music
384:(1896), by
65:Other names
5280:Hand drums
5250:Idiophones
5234:Categories
5189:Drum stick
5094:Wood block
5069:Tambourine
5059:Snare drum
4929:Vibraphone
4789:Tambourine
4479:Percussion
4374:Narmeh-ney
3943:Gong ageng
3885:Idiophones
3835:Cekuntrung
3789:Aerophones
3647:Idiophones
3628:Tambourine
3614:Percussion
3380:Percussion
3161:Philosophy
3156:Literature
3124:Background
2990:Traditions
2966:Magnificat
2956:Intermedio
2900:Burgundian
2386:media help
2332:6 February
2145:5 November
1831:19 January
1811:References
1759:Frame drum
1671:Israelites
1612:frame drum
1595:Tar (drum)
1440:. It is a
1438:Uzbekistan
1434:Tajikistan
1410:frame drum
1325:Arabic riq
1284:Portuguese
1216:Uzbekistan
1202:Arab world
1198:Azerbaijan
1134:Kievan Rus
1094:Tajikistan
1090:Uzbekistan
1054:Azerbaijan
1016:Indo-Aryan
839:roots rock
669:, a 1960s
618:Diana Ross
587:Josh White
573:including
550:praise in
540:vaudeville
524:spirituals
424:Thumb roll
414:See also:
382:Recreation
362:playing a
338:red-figure
279:tambourine
251:rock music
166:, called "
141:tambourine
132:Frame drum
44:Tambourine
5049:Mark tree
5014:Castanets
4989:Bass drum
4934:Xylophone
4919:Tubaphone
4784:Skor yike
4779:Sami drum
4495:Auxiliary
4483:(Sāzhāy-e
4415:Nāy (Ney)
4410:Haft Band
4403:End-blown
4394:Ney anban
4314:Shurangiz
4165:Kamāncheh
3950:Karinding
3860:Kongahyan
3781:Totobuang
3777:Talempong
3773:Kolintang
3769:Kulintang
3756:Indonesia
3708:Nisiotika
3654:Koudounia
3633:Toubeleki
3580:Tsampouna
3529:Tambouras
3365:Pan flute
3323:Epigonion
2976:Offertory
2905:Colorists
2767:Mannerism
1965:Vsl.co.at
1746:Singapore
1734:Indonesia
1713:Sri Lanka
1682:Palembang
1538:(Nepali:
1522:(Nepali:
1491:mridangam
1304:trikitixa
1221:childirma
1020:bambharas
957:Slovenian
947:Ukrainian
815:Bill Ward
710:the Doors
691:Bob Dylan
683:folk rock
675:the Byrds
532:blackface
416:Drum roll
283:tambourin
243:pop music
174:, though
118:, Buben,
97:idiophone
19:See also
5138:Drum kit
5089:Triangle
5084:Timbales
4957:Steelpan
4947:Handbell
4899:Crotales
4894:Carillon
4734:Dhyāngro
4693:Tamborim
4678:Pandeiro
4666:Americas
4333:Woodwind
4309:Sallāneh
4139:Stringed
4015:Tamborin
4005:Slenthem
3928:Genggong
3903:Babendil
3898:Angklung
3812:Kuriding
3797:Akordeon
3686:See also
3605:Souravli
3590:Karamuza
3585:Floghera
3550:Santouri
3534:Thaboura
3524:Psaltery
3514:Mandolin
3494:Bouzouki
3416:Medieval
3393:Crotalum
3388:Cochilia
3338:Trigonon
3305:Phorminx
3290:Barbiton
3197:Category
3174: ←
3037:Portugal
2961:Madrigal
2935:Venetian
2298:19 April
2270:19 April
2242:19 April
2236:AllMusic
1857:19 April
1789:Tamborim
1752:See also
1738:Malaysia
1707:(plural
1618:and the
1561:(1836).
1535:khaijadi
1294:Panderoa
1276:pandeiro
1272:Portugal
1262:Pandeiro
1256:Pandeiro
1245:taboorak
1159:palace,
897:Habanera
799:drum kit
716:leading
534:such as
516:clapping
365:tympanum
341:oinochoe
187:circular
180:drum kit
172:drumhead
25:tamborim
5122:Octapad
5074:Tam-tam
5044:Maracas
5034:Cymbals
5029:Cowbell
4994:Bodhrán
4967:Timpani
4952:Handpan
4909:Marimba
4799:Timbrel
4749:Pandero
4739:Kanjira
4729:Dayereh
4714:Bodhrán
4702:Eurasia
4527:Naqāreh
4458:Natural
4420:Sheypur
4384:Dozaleh
4364:Balaban
4347:Exposed
4267:Shahrud
4181:Plucked
4160:Ghazhak
4068:Marawis
4058:Kompang
4053:Kendang
4010:Slentho
3960:Kemanak
3918:Gambang
3870:Sasando
3802:Saluang
3765:Gamelan
3664:Trigono
3638:Tympano
3600:Mantura
3595:Lalitsa
3509:Mandola
3487:Plucked
3428:Organon
3403:Sistrum
3370:Salpinx
3333:Sambuca
3328:Magadis
3300:Kithara
3272:Pandura
3256:Ancient
3187:→
3017:Germany
2997:British
2425:. 1914.
2323:"buben"
2216:OffBeat
1995:28 July
1970:28 July
1893:(ed.).
1887:Timbrel
1883::
1852:Wpr.org
1804:Sistrum
1799:Bodhrán
1794:Ravanne
1784:Timbrel
1764:Dayereh
1651:Hebrews
1637:Timbrel
1632:Timbrel
1626:Timbrel
1478:ganjira
1473:kanjira
1466:Kanjira
1460:Kanjira
1436:, and
1426:Balkans
1424:), the
1414:jingles
1386:dayereh
1380:Dayereh
1374:Dayereh
1360:shakers
1316:in 1923
1282:by the
1268:Galicia
1248:) in a
1224:), the
1161:Isfahan
1142:timpani
1125:pandero
1115:bendeir
1080:Georgia
1070:Armenia
1025:English
1011:βομβύλη
990:cymbals
983:of the
979:) is a
937:Russian
663:busking
632:", and
478:timbrel
431:Beeswax
404:jingles
398:Playing
319:Bourgas
287:tambour
257:History
164:jingles
157:plastic
147:in the
128:Kanjira
120:Dayereh
71:, Buben
29:timbrel
5039:Djembe
5019:Claves
5004:Cabasa
4999:Bongos
4764:Rebana
4744:Lag-na
4657:Sakara
4652:Mazhar
4647:Bendir
4640:Africa
4547:Dammam
4435:Miskal
4379:Donali
4369:Karnay
4319:Sorāhi
4293:Santur
4286:Struck
4233:Tanbūr
4188:Barbat
4063:Rebana
3990:Reyong
3985:Kubing
3980:Kepyak
3975:Kenong
3965:Kempul
3933:Gendèr
3923:Gangsa
3913:Calung
3908:Bonang
3855:Kacapi
3850:Hasapi
3845:Gambus
3807:Suling
3659:Stamna
3543:Struck
3519:Oudola
3504:Laouto
3499:Guitar
3444:String
3437:Modern
3295:Chelys
3264:String
3207:Portal
3032:Poland
3012:France
3002:Cyprus
2981:Pavane
2775:c.1600
2422:
2196:
2171:
2111:
2083:
2062:895685
2060:
2023:
1889:". In
1877:
1769:Bendir
1744:, and
1742:Brunei
1730:Rebana
1725:Rebana
1719:Rebana
1705:rabana
1693:Rabana
1661:, the
1653:, the
1641:tabret
1604:Arabic
1540:खैंजडी
1532:, and
1519:damphu
1422:Persia
1312:txistu
1308:alboka
1300:Basque
1280:Brazil
1274:, the
1250:Ruba'i
1240:Rudaki
1234:) and
1206:Turkey
1200:, the
1132:). In
1065:khaval
1005:βόμβος
977:Polish
892:Carmen
857:, 2014
823:hi-hat
805:, and
745:while
720:, and
628:tune "
602:Motown
458:Europe
360:Maenad
299:tambūr
291:tunbur
271:Greece
265:, the
249:, and
5177:Other
5064:Taiko
5054:Parai
5024:Conga
5009:Cajón
4962:Tabla
4754:Parai
4709:Adufe
4673:Gumbe
4517:Dāvūl
4512:Dohol
4502:Darāy
4465:Nafir
4449:Brass
4430:Pisha
4425:Zurna
4389:Kaval
4359:Zurna
4354:Sornā
4277:Mugni
4228:Setār
4223:Nuzhe
4213:Robāb
4208:Qānūn
4203:Dotār
4193:Chang
4153:Bowed
4038:Bedug
4000:Siter
3995:Saron
3955:Kecer
3893:Agung
3875:Sapeh
3865:Rebab
3669:Zilia
3575:Gaida
3451:Bowed
3360:Aulos
3151:Dance
3042:Spain
3022:Italy
2951:Carol
2930:Roman
2289:(PDF)
2261:(PDF)
2058:JSTOR
2042:Notes
1709:raban
1667:Spain
1663:adufe
1659:Islam
1643:(the
1581:1859.
1529:hring
1524:डम्फू
1513:daanf
1497:dafli
1480:is a
1412:with
1406:daire
1402:doira
1398:dajre
1394:dojra
1390:doyra
1231:dafli
1146:buben
1138:drums
1130:Spain
1099:daire
1085:doira
1075:daira
1049:qaval
1046:, or
972:bęben
967:Czech
962:buben
952:boben
942:Бубон
932:Бубен
927:Buben
914:Bubon
908:Buben
661:", a
575:blues
512:bones
435:rosin
297:word
235:samba
168:zills
161:metal
143:is a
4557:Zang
4552:Zarb
4542:Sanj
4198:Harp
4020:Ugal
3938:Gong
3563:Wind
3352:Wind
3315:Harp
3282:Lyre
2971:Mass
2769:and
2334:2023
2300:2021
2272:2021
2244:2021
2194:ISBN
2169:ISBN
2147:2012
2109:ISBN
2081:ISBN
2021:ISBN
1997:2020
1972:2020
1947:2018
1922:2018
1859:2021
1833:2024
1655:deff
1503:डफली
1470:The
1446:drum
1418:Iran
1388:(or
1348:riqq
1340:The
1298:The
1194:Iran
1165:Iran
1120:Arab
1110:Iran
1092:and
1032:East
837:, a
743:beat
685:and
636:'s "
612:and
579:jazz
577:and
562:and
518:and
153:wood
139:The
27:and
4794:Tar
4774:Riq
4724:Daf
4537:Kūs
4507:Daf
4272:Rud
4250:Tār
4218:Sāz
3840:Cuk
3830:Cak
3141:Art
2050:doi
1779:Riq
1774:Daf
1657:of
1646:tof
1639:or
1608:طار
1600:Tar
1589:Tar
1542:).
1526:),
1476:or
1352:rik
1350:or
1343:riq
1336:Riq
1330:Riq
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1270:or
1214:),
1211:tef
1184:daf
1178:Daf
1172:Daf
1112:),
1105:def
1102:or
1096:),
1082:),
1072:),
1062:or
1059:daf
1056:),
1043:daf
1037:def
1028:bee
975:in
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955:in
945:in
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889:'s
829:of
817:of
809:of
708:of
700:of
640:".
433:or
275:tof
155:or
124:Daf
116:Riq
69:Riq
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4262:Ūd
3779:•
3775:•
3771:•
3767:•
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31:.
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