261:
observe what the individual has planned and ensure their safety or the safety of others. It is a technique that is often employed in parent-child relationships and is similar to the silent treatment because tactical ignoring is a behavioral management technique that, when correctly applied, can convey the message that a person's behavior will not lead to their desired outcome. It may also result in the reduction of undesirable behaviors.
43:
200:
260:
is a strategy where a person gives no outward sign of recognizing a behavior, such as no eye contact, no verbal or physical response, or acknowledgment that a message has been read. However, it is a very active process as the person remains acutely aware of the behavior and monitors the individual to
185:
behavior and can generate desired responses, such as attention, or a feeling of power from creating uncertainty for the victim. Unfortunately, the avoidance of conflict in the form of silent treatment is psychologically exhausting for all involved parties and leads to the irreparable deterioration of
153:
In a relationship, the silent treatment can be a difficult pattern to break and resolve because if it is ingrained, relationships may gradually deteriorate. The silent treatment is more likely to be used by individuals with low self-esteem and a low tolerance for conflict. In order to avoid conflict,
727:
Zadro, L., Richardson, R., & Williams, K. D. (2006, January). The antecedents of interpersonal ostracism: Do individual differences predict propensity to be a target or source of the silent treatment? Presented at the 7th annual meeting of the
Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Palm
144:
The term originated from "treatment" through silence, which was fashionable in prisons in the 19th century. In use since the prison reforms of 1835, the silent treatment was used in prisons as an alternative to physical punishment, as it was believed that forbidding prisoners from speaking, calling
269:
for an alternative behavior, as seen in functional communication training, a procedure to teach a more appropriate attention-seeking behavior. Planned ignoring can be used for mild and low impact in terms of helping behavioral issues stemming from attention seeking and power struggles. Power
154:
an individual will refuse to acknowledge it and will sometimes use silent treatment as a control mechanism. Enactors of the silent treatment punish their victims by refusing to speak to them or even acknowledge their presence. Through silence, the enactors "loudly" communicate their
264:
Tactical ignoring can be one element of a behavior management plan when there are a variety of challenging behaviors being addressed. Because it is a method that involves not responding to an undesirable behavior, it should be complemented by
731:
Grahe, J. E., Shore, W. J., & Williams, K. D. (1997, May). Perceptions of the behaviors and feelings associated with the “silent treatment.”Presented at the 69th Annual
Midwestern Psychological Association,
724:
Kipling D. Williams
Wendelyn J. Shore Jon E. Grahe. The silent treatment: Perceptions of its behaviors and associated feelings – Group Processes Intergroup Relations October 1998 vol. 1 no. 2 117–141
735:
Faulkner, S, Williams, K., Sherman, B., & Williams, E. (1997, May). The “silent treatment:” Its incidence and impact. Presented at the 69 th Annual
Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago.
101:
is the refusal to communicate verbally or electronically with someone who is trying to communicate and elicit a response. It may range from just sulking to malevolent abusive
256:
Silence and non-responsiveness are not only passive-aggressive forms of manipulation and attention seeking; they can also be used as tools to promote changes in behavior.
466:
Rittenour, Christine E.; Kromka, Stephen M.; Saunders, Russell Kyle; Davis, Kaitlin; Garlitz, Kathryn; Opatz, Sarah N.; Sutherland, Andrew; Thomas, Matthew (2019-01-02).
721:
The “silent treatment”. Its incidence and impact. Paper presented at the sixty-ninth Annual
Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL. Ferguson, M., and .. 1997
655:
425:
1448:
760:
769:
145:
them by a number rather than their name, and making them cover their faces so they couldn't see each other would encourage reflection on their crimes.
1539:
1236:
210:
748:
376:
620:
Gable, R. A., Hester, P. H., Rock, M. L., & Hughes, K. G. (2009). "Back to basics: Rules, praise, ignoring, and reprimands revisited".
117:
is exhibited through nonverbal gestures while maintaining verbal silence. Clinical psychologist
Harriet Braiker identifies it as a form of
805:
1605:
1575:
408:
243:
85:
31:
454:
1289:
1433:
1279:
52:
1600:
1590:
1595:
1320:
957:
301:
1514:
1360:
1256:
1231:
1002:
1176:
1453:
468:"Socializing the Silent Treatment: Parent and Adult Child Communicated Displeasure, Identification, and Satisfaction"
1375:
1206:
1201:
118:
1641:
1585:
1544:
1380:
1100:
932:
270:
struggles are when a child refuses to do something and it is an ongoing battle of insisting the child to comply.
102:
757:
1626:
952:
225:
1408:
798:
121:
1241:
1080:
56:
1570:
1131:
1055:
982:
947:
649:
175:
1428:
1355:
1304:
1065:
1040:
1030:
595:
1443:
1370:
1294:
1115:
1095:
1050:
987:
870:
822:
290:
745:
1489:
1226:
962:
791:
637:
562:
495:
429:
356:
106:
1631:
1580:
1423:
1345:
1325:
1196:
1136:
1075:
1070:
1035:
1012:
942:
927:
774:
700:
554:
546:
487:
404:
372:
182:
163:
1636:
1463:
1274:
1266:
1022:
906:
885:
690:
682:
629:
538:
479:
364:
326:
321:
311:
129:
125:
1494:
1413:
1250:
1211:
1110:
860:
764:
752:
285:
110:
1554:
1534:
1529:
1519:
1479:
1156:
1085:
875:
695:
670:
525:
Cain, Nicole M.; De
Panfilis, Chiara; Meehan, Kevin B.; Clarkin, John F. (2017-01-02).
1620:
1549:
1458:
1403:
1398:
1340:
1171:
1007:
992:
977:
890:
850:
641:
499:
280:
266:
171:
566:
1499:
1350:
1335:
1191:
1181:
967:
331:
178:
levels, which can often lead to violence and more physical displays of aggression.
67:
542:
483:
426:"London's Most Notorious Prisons – Page – Life In London Magazine – All In London"
368:
1509:
1484:
1330:
1166:
1151:
937:
865:
855:
526:
467:
167:
155:
1524:
1418:
1221:
1146:
1090:
1060:
997:
895:
296:
686:
633:
550:
527:"A Multisurface Interpersonal Circumplex Assessment of Rejection Sensitivity"
491:
1215:
1186:
1161:
1045:
900:
814:
306:
133:
558:
704:
217:
63:
27:
Refusal to communicate verbally with someone who desires the communication
1504:
1438:
845:
316:
114:
401:
Who's
Pulling Your Strings ? How to Break The Cycle of Manipulation
17:
1141:
1105:
671:"Reducing behavior problems through functional communication training"
1365:
1284:
880:
840:
835:
830:
596:"Ignoring | Consequences | Essentials | Parenting Information | CDC"
159:
776:
The Silent
Marriage: How Passive Aggression Steals Your Happiness
972:
787:
1246:
193:
36:
783:
770:
The Silent
Treatment: Are You Getting the Cold Shoulder?
758:
Research: Office silent treatment ‘worse than bullying’
221:
455:
Silent treatment speaks volumes about a relationship
1563:
1472:
1389:
1313:
1265:
1124:
1021:
916:
821:
669:Carr, Edward G.; Durand, V. Mark (Summer 1985).
186:meaningful romantic and familial relationships.
799:
8:
654:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
806:
792:
784:
778:(The Complete Guide to Passive Aggression)
66:. Please do not remove this message until
694:
244:Learn how and when to remove this message
86:Learn how and when to remove this message
216:Relevant discussion may be found on the
62:Relevant discussion may be found on the
344:
128:; according to the social psychologist
647:
228:to additional sources at this section.
113:in which displeasure, disapproval and
7:
746:What's up with the Silent Treatment?
675:Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
514:Healing the Scars of Emotional Abuse
350:
348:
1606:Parents Against Child Exploitation
209:relies largely or entirely upon a
25:
1576:Mothers Apart from Their Children
622:Intervention in School and Clinic
531:Journal of Personality Assessment
424:London, The Kolberg Partnership.
32:Silent treatment (disambiguation)
293:also known as simmering or icing
198:
181:Purposeful silence is a form of
174:response from victims with high
132:, it is the most common form of
41:
1434:Management of domestic violence
1280:Corporal punishment in the home
582:Ostracism: The power of silence
472:Journal of Family Communication
1591:National Fatherhood Initiative
170:. These feelings can elicit a
149:In interpersonal relationships
124:. It may be used as a form of
1:
1596:National Parents Organization
1321:Adverse childhood experiences
543:10.1080/00223891.2016.1186032
484:10.1080/15267431.2018.1543187
355:Booth, Sally Scollay (2017).
302:Isolation to facilitate abuse
1361:Effects of domestic violence
1003:Social emotional development
580:Williams, Kipling D (2002).
403:. McGraw Hill Professional.
399:Braiker, Harriet B. (2004).
369:10.1007/978-981-10-2571-6_25
1177:Identification (psychology)
68:conditions to do so are met
1658:
1601:Parent–teacher association
1376:Parental abuse by children
1257:Positive Parenting Program
1207:Parent management training
1202:Normative social influence
267:differential reinforcement
29:
1586:National Childbirth Trust
1381:Stress in early childhood
1101:Taking children seriously
933:Applied behavior analysis
361:The Challenge of Teaching
1242:The talk (sex education)
953:Developmental psychology
687:10.1901/jaba.1985.18-111
634:10.1177/1053451208328831
1449:Parental responsibility
1409:Cost of raising a child
1571:Families Need Fathers
1132:After-school activity
1056:Concerted cultivation
1051:Buddha-like parenting
983:Nature versus nurture
948:Cognitive development
176:rejection sensitivity
103:controlling behaviour
1429:Right to family life
1356:Dysfunctional family
1066:Free-range parenting
1041:Attachment parenting
1031:Achievement ideology
363:. pp. 181–187.
222:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
1444:Parental alienation
1371:Narcissistic parent
1295:Positive discipline
1116:Work at home parent
1096:Strict father model
1081:Nurturant parenting
988:Parental investment
823:Kinship terminology
291:Ghosting (behavior)
55:of this article is
1490:T. Berry Brazelton
1227:Social integration
963:Identity formation
763:2016-08-10 at the
751:2016-03-04 at the
512:Gregory L. (2009)
357:"Planned Ignoring"
107:passive-aggressive
1614:
1613:
1424:Family disruption
1346:Cinderella effect
1326:Child abandonment
1300:Tactical ignoring
1197:Moral development
1076:Helicopter parent
1071:Gatekeeper parent
1036:Atlas personality
1013:Social psychology
958:Human development
943:Child development
928:Attachment theory
453:(August 3, 2014)
378:978-981-10-2569-3
258:Tactical ignoring
254:
253:
246:
190:Tactical ignoring
183:attention seeking
96:
95:
88:
16:(Redirected from
1649:
1642:Social rejection
1464:Shared parenting
1275:Blanket training
1267:Child discipline
907:In loco parentis
886:Shared parenting
808:
801:
794:
785:
709:
708:
698:
666:
660:
659:
653:
645:
617:
611:
610:
608:
607:
592:
586:
585:
577:
571:
570:
522:
516:
510:
504:
503:
463:
457:
448:
442:
441:
439:
437:
428:. Archived from
421:
415:
414:
396:
390:
389:
387:
385:
352:
327:Social isolation
322:Social exclusion
312:Send to Coventry
249:
242:
238:
235:
229:
202:
201:
194:
130:Kipling Williams
126:social rejection
99:Silent treatment
91:
84:
80:
77:
71:
45:
44:
37:
21:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1627:English phrases
1617:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1559:
1540:Matthew Sanders
1495:Rudolf Dreikurs
1468:
1454:Parents' rights
1414:Deadbeat parent
1391:
1385:
1309:
1261:
1237:The talk (race)
1120:
1111:Tiger parenting
1017:
912:
861:Extended family
817:
812:
765:Wayback Machine
753:Wayback Machine
742:
718:
716:Further reading
713:
712:
668:
667:
663:
646:
619:
618:
614:
605:
603:
594:
593:
589:
579:
578:
574:
524:
523:
519:
511:
507:
465:
464:
460:
449:
445:
435:
433:
423:
422:
418:
411:
398:
397:
393:
383:
381:
379:
354:
353:
346:
341:
336:
286:Destabilisation
276:
250:
239:
233:
230:
224:by introducing
215:
203:
199:
192:
151:
142:
111:emotional abuse
92:
81:
75:
72:
61:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1655:
1653:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1619:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1581:Mothers' Union
1578:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1555:Benjamin Spock
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1535:Penelope Leach
1532:
1530:Annette Lareau
1527:
1522:
1520:Alan E. Kazdin
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1480:Mary Ainsworth
1476:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1395:
1393:
1392:social aspects
1387:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1157:Dishabituation
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1086:Slow parenting
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1027:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
924:
922:
917:Theories
914:
913:
911:
910:
903:
898:
896:Blended family
893:
888:
883:
878:
876:Nuclear family
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
827:
825:
819:
818:
813:
811:
810:
803:
796:
788:
782:
781:
772:
767:
755:
741:
740:External links
738:
737:
736:
733:
729:
725:
722:
717:
714:
711:
710:
681:(2): 111–126.
661:
628:(4): 195–205.
612:
587:
572:
517:
505:
458:
443:
432:on 29 Aug 2016
416:
409:
391:
377:
343:
342:
340:
337:
335:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
288:
283:
277:
275:
272:
252:
251:
220:. Please help
206:
204:
197:
191:
188:
150:
147:
141:
140:Origin of term
138:
105:. It may be a
94:
93:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1654:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:Organizations
1562:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1550:B. F. Skinner
1548:
1546:
1545:William Sears
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1515:Thomas Gordon
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1404:Child support
1402:
1400:
1399:Child custody
1397:
1396:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1341:Child neglect
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1172:Homeschooling
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1008:Socialization
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
993:Paternal bond
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
978:Maternal bond
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
925:
923:
920:
915:
909:
908:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
891:Single parent
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
851:Alloparenting
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
828:
826:
824:
820:
816:
809:
804:
802:
797:
795:
790:
789:
786:
779:
777:
773:
771:
768:
766:
762:
759:
756:
754:
750:
747:
744:
743:
739:
734:
730:
726:
723:
720:
719:
715:
706:
702:
697:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
665:
662:
657:
651:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
616:
613:
601:
597:
591:
588:
583:
576:
573:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
521:
518:
515:
509:
506:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
462:
459:
456:
452:
447:
444:
431:
427:
420:
417:
412:
410:0-07-144672-9
406:
402:
395:
392:
380:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
351:
349:
345:
338:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
281:Cold shoulder
279:
278:
273:
271:
268:
262:
259:
248:
245:
237:
227:
223:
219:
213:
212:
211:single source
207:This section
205:
196:
195:
189:
187:
184:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
148:
146:
139:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
90:
87:
79:
69:
65:
59:
58:
54:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
1500:David Elkind
1351:Codependency
1336:Child labour
1299:
1192:Latchkey kid
1182:Introjection
968:Introjection
918:
905:
871:Noncustodial
775:
728:Springs, CA.
678:
674:
664:
650:cite journal
625:
621:
615:
604:. Retrieved
602:. 2020-06-08
599:
590:
581:
575:
537:(1): 35–45.
534:
530:
520:
513:
508:
478:(1): 77–93.
475:
471:
461:
450:
446:
434:. Retrieved
430:the original
419:
400:
394:
382:. Retrieved
360:
332:Stonewalling
263:
257:
255:
240:
231:
208:
180:
152:
143:
119:manipulative
98:
97:
82:
76:January 2022
73:
51:
1510:Haim Ginott
1485:John Bowlby
1331:Child abuse
1251:educational
1167:Habituation
1152:Co-sleeping
938:Behaviorism
866:Foster care
856:Coparenting
600:www.cdc.gov
584:. Guilford.
172:maladaptive
168:frustration
156:displeasure
1621:Categories
1525:Truby King
1419:Disownment
1232:Television
1222:Role model
1147:Child care
1125:Techniques
1091:Soccer mom
1061:Enmeshment
998:Pediatrics
606:2022-11-20
339:References
297:Guilt trip
122:punishment
53:neutrality
1459:Paternity
1390:Legal and
1290:Grounding
1187:Kommune 1
1162:Education
1137:Allowance
1046:Baby talk
901:Surrogacy
815:Parenting
642:145420670
551:0022-3891
500:149541777
492:1526-7431
451:USA Today
307:Ostracism
226:citations
218:talk page
134:ostracism
64:talk page
1632:Shunning
1505:Jo Frost
1439:Marriage
1305:Time-out
881:Orphaned
846:Adoptive
761:Archived
749:Archived
732:Chicago.
567:24364760
559:27292201
436:1 August
384:1 August
317:Shunning
274:See also
234:May 2022
115:contempt
109:form of
57:disputed
18:Tampuhan
1637:Silence
1473:Experts
1249: (
1214: (
1142:Bedtime
1106:Theybie
705:2410400
696:1307999
1366:Incest
1285:Curfew
1023:Styles
841:Father
836:Mother
831:Parent
703:
693:
640:
565:
557:
549:
498:
490:
407:
375:
1314:Abuse
921:Areas
638:S2CID
563:S2CID
496:S2CID
164:upset
160:anger
1216:date
1212:Play
973:Love
701:PMID
656:link
555:PMID
547:ISSN
488:ISSN
438:2016
405:ISBN
386:2016
373:ISBN
166:and
50:The
1247:Toy
691:PMC
683:doi
630:doi
539:doi
480:doi
365:doi
1623::
699:.
689:.
679:18
677:.
673:.
652:}}
648:{{
636:.
626:44
624:.
598:.
561:.
553:.
545:.
535:99
533:.
529:.
494:.
486:.
476:19
474:.
470:.
371:.
359:.
347:^
162:,
158:,
136:.
1253:)
1218:)
919:·
807:e
800:t
793:v
780:|
707:.
685::
658:)
644:.
632::
609:.
569:.
541::
502:.
482::
440:.
413:.
388:.
367::
247:)
241:(
236:)
232:(
214:.
89:)
83:(
78:)
74:(
70:.
60:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.