336:. While transparent computer cases and keyboards are common, they are mainly used for the decorative effect rather than security. Many PCs do have a switch to detect opening of the case, and this provides a visual notification when the computer is next turned on that the case has recently been opened. In any case, it has long been possible to complicate the task of tampering with electronic devices by sealing them with tamper-evident tape or
2389:
142:
358:
maintenance/security personnel that the handle was indeed used. Many times, large sea-going shipping containers have such a metal ring or seal attached to them at the source port. After traveling at sea (and perhaps by land as well), the containers reach their destination, where each container is checked to have the seal properly in place (against a list of doublets - container/seal).
194:—popped out if the jar had ever been opened and stayed flat if the jar was in pristine condition. These lids would also pop out if the jar was contaminated by potentially dangerous gas-producing bacteria. Customers were advised to never buy a product with a popped lid. In addition to the visible flat "button", an intact lid makes an audible "pop" when opened.
239:
infections requires several weeks of intravenous antibiotics. During the treatment period, these patients can use the central intravenous line or peripherally inserted central line (PICC) to inject narcotics or other illicit drugs. Evidence exists that applying a tamper-evident device to the central line can deter illicit use of the line.
388:
To prevent gas and electricity meters from being interfered with to show lower chargeable readings, they may be sealed with a lead or plastic seal with a government marking, typically fixed to a wire that passes through part of the meter housing. The meter cannot be opened without cutting the wire or
300:
Money is tamper-evident in the sense that it should be difficult to produce a financial token without authorization, even if starting from a token of lower value. For example, forgers may attempt to clean the ink from a banknote and print the image of a higher-denomination note on it, giving them the
76:
Length of time available for tampering. Particularly in transit, anyone intending to tamper with tamper-evident-protected goods, valuables, cash and confidential documents generally only has a window of opportunity of a few minutes before discovery is likely. This makes it both difficult and unlikely
238:
The current epidemic of opioid abuse and drug abuse has led to a search for tamper-evident strategies to protect central vascular lines. Drug users who shoot drugs into their veins often acquire infections of the heart valves (endocarditis), liver, bones, lungs, and other organs. Treatment of these
186:
to baby food and replaced them on supermarket shelves. The amount of stock which needed to be destroyed (because it was impossible to tell if a given item had been tampered with), and the threat of public fear, meant that tamper-evident design principles had the potential to save a lot of money in
365:
work, tamper-evident techniques must often be used to guard access to evidence, providing means of storing items and samples in a way which can be used to prove that they were not altered after their collection. Special tamper-evident evidence bags are available, to be used following a strict
357:
In very much the same manner as with fire alarms, many emergency handles and levers, or handles that are not meant to be opened regularly, are enclosed in a thin metal or plastic security seal. The seal is thin, so as not to prevent the handle from being used (in due time), but only to alert
45:
Tampering involves the deliberate altering or adulteration of information, a product, a package, or system. Solutions may involve all phases of product production, distribution, logistics, sale, and use. No single solution can be considered as "tamper proof". Often multiple levels of
126:, it is common to see each page of a contract individually initialled and numbered, so that any addition or removal of pages can be detected. Meanwhile, most checks have a variety of features to defeat both tampering and duplication (these are often listed on the back of the check).
285:
In a similar vein, asset-numbering labels on corporate equipment (PCs and the like) are often designed to leave an imprint of either the serial number, or the word "VOID" if the label is peeled off. However, this can easily be defeated by warming up the label using a
430:
from a 1 to a 0, will cause it to have a different hash, which will make the signature invalid. To alter a document while purposely maintaining the same hash, assuming the hash function and the program implementing it are properly designed, is extremely difficult
296:
and price tags are often tamper-evident in the sense that they cannot be removed in one piece. This makes it difficult to move a vignette from one car to another, or to peel off a price tag from a cheaper article and reapply it to a more expensive one.
248:
Often, multiple layers or redundant indicators are used because no single layer or device is "tamper-proof". Consideration should be given to unique custom indicators (which should be changed regularly because these are subject to counterfeiting).
384:
and others demonstrates that some existing seals can be quickly defeated by a trained person using low-tech methods. They offer ideas on countermeasures, and are exploring the promising option of "anti-evidence" seals.
114:, including a type called spiral locking, used intricate folding, slitting, and weaving to create the result that any opening attempt would be evident via rips and tears in addition to the breaking of the wax seals.
108:, for example, were unique to the person who owned them, and the ring was pressed into the hot wax seal forming a signature which could not be easily duplicated by somebody attempting to re-seal the letter.
301:
carefully guarded "banknote paper" which is otherwise very difficult to obtain. This may be one of the reasons why many countries use banknotes of different size in ascending order of value. A British £5
340:. Alternatively, radio-controlled alarm-devices (which transmit a silent alarm) can be installed, or cases can be glued shut in such a manner that tampering attempts will distort or fracture the casing.
566:
190:
Jars of food items soon started appearing with a lid with a metal bubble in the center, commonly known as a "safety button", pulled down by vacuum in the top of the container, which—like the lid of a
57:
Identify all feasible methods of unauthorized access into a product, package, or system. In addition to the primary means of entry, also consider secondary or "back door" methods.
628:
197:
Newer jars of food tend to come with a plastic wrap around the edge of the lid, which is removed when opening, although the springy-cap designs are still in common use.
843:
252:
People who open secure packaging can look out for signs of tampering, both at the primary means of entrance and at secondary or "back door" locations on a package.
744:"Safe and Successful Treatment of Intravenous Drug Users with a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter in an Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Treatment Service"
1977:
1887:
242:
Security packaging is needed to contain evidence of crimes. Items must be kept in an unaltered state until they are submitted in a legal proceeding.
325:
and switches can be located in glass-fronted cabinets, allowing for any unusual device attached to the network tending to stand out in plain view.
33:
describes a device or process that makes unauthorized access to the protected object easily detected. Seals, markings, or other techniques may be
150:
588:
200:
Tamper-evident packaging also extends to protect stores; there are some scale labels for meats and deli products that will tear if removed.
77:
that they will have time to open the packaging, examine or remove the items, and restore the packaging to its original untampered condition.
1289:
346:
and other emergency switches are typically non-reversible, using a piece of glass which must be broken to activate the alarm. For example,
798:
729:
FDA Compliance Policy Guides – CPG Sec. 450.500 Tamper-Resistant
Packaging Requirements for Certain Over-the-Counter Human Drug Products
467:
412:
2273:
426:, a number generated from the contents of the document. Any change to the document, no matter how trivial, such as changing a single
2243:
1091:
219:
and other special means to help provide evidence of tampering. Break-away components which cannot be reattached are useful. Custom
2213:
649:
1947:
1801:
1646:
2052:
728:
2163:
1116:
245:
Packaging that tears open raggedly or otherwise cannot readily be resealed is sometimes used to help indicate tampering.
1319:
212:
405:
and cryptographic signatures are used to add a tamper-evident layer of protection to document, often referred to as an
278:, for example, may contain a layer of ultraviolet-reflective ink which changes state under pressure. The impact from a
2208:
2092:
1324:
1106:
653:
402:
381:
1851:
523:
2306:
2268:
2198:
2188:
1126:
986:
828:
2193:
2062:
1661:
1081:
1051:
941:
130:
54:
Identify who a potential tamperer might be and what level of knowledge, materials, tools, etc. might they have.
2223:
1846:
1766:
1626:
1154:
791:
457:
204:
1942:
1651:
1354:
1086:
1066:
482:
172:
2371:
2321:
2301:
2248:
1581:
1531:
1254:
1249:
908:
898:
873:
282:
machine then leaves a UV-visible mark as well as an ink mark which identifies attempts to reuse stamps.
208:
736:
175:, where it can be vital to know that the product has not been altered since it left the manufacturer.
2341:
2203:
1731:
1046:
878:
406:
2228:
2037:
1836:
1676:
1556:
1016:
293:
166:
2412:
2393:
2356:
2316:
2168:
2077:
2042:
1992:
1877:
1586:
1456:
1426:
1364:
1101:
1001:
981:
976:
883:
784:
322:
2417:
2361:
2346:
2218:
2138:
2133:
2047:
2022:
2007:
1987:
1957:
1937:
1816:
1786:
1621:
1194:
1076:
1036:
918:
903:
858:
833:
765:
584:
492:
477:
377:
333:
329:
220:
216:
141:
64:
713:
547:
Johnston, R.G. (July 1997). "Effective
Vulnerability Assessment of Tamper-Indicating Seals".
317:
Tamper-evident physical devices are common in sensitive computer installations. For example,
2376:
2366:
2183:
2012:
1967:
1927:
1917:
1781:
1696:
1476:
1374:
1269:
1244:
1159:
1111:
1056:
888:
853:
838:
823:
755:
604:
452:
434:
366:
protocol. Video recordings can be protected to some degree against tampering by recording a
318:
87:
696:
2336:
2331:
2311:
2233:
2153:
2108:
2072:
2027:
1962:
1932:
1686:
1671:
1576:
1471:
1369:
966:
863:
733:"Improving Tamper-Evident Packaging: Problems, Tests and Solutions", Jack L. Rosette, 1992
306:
697:"Publication of specifications related to physical sealing of electricity and gas meters"
215:
regulations, many manufacturers of food and medicine (as well as other products) now use
50:
need to be addressed to reduce the risk of tampering. Some considerations might include:
415:
utilise tamper-evident cases, so when it is retrieved the owner can be assured that the
149:
27:
Device or process that makes unauthorized access to the protected object easily detected
2296:
2291:
2263:
2113:
2087:
2082:
1972:
1892:
1882:
1796:
1771:
1741:
1701:
1516:
1451:
1394:
1299:
1284:
1264:
1174:
1026:
1021:
946:
502:
438:
309:
is much smaller than a £50 banknote, and therefore can't be used to create a £50 note.
145:
Tamper-evident currency bags have a seal that reveals if the bag has been tampered with
2406:
2253:
2148:
2118:
2067:
2057:
2002:
1982:
1791:
1761:
1706:
1431:
1294:
1041:
868:
848:
657:
497:
423:
373:
351:
275:
224:
162:
111:
95:
178:
Cans of baby food were among the first high-profile cases, where manufacturers were
1897:
1826:
1756:
1746:
1736:
1721:
1656:
1561:
1441:
1421:
1414:
1404:
1399:
1304:
1229:
1199:
1164:
1131:
1031:
1006:
398:
347:
158:
123:
102:
133:
developed anti-tamper holograph and prism labels that are difficult to duplicate.
671:
2178:
2143:
2017:
1806:
1681:
1666:
1631:
1611:
1601:
1571:
1541:
1521:
1466:
1389:
1204:
1136:
1121:
1071:
956:
487:
416:
337:
269:
105:
91:
2258:
2238:
2128:
1997:
1922:
1811:
1726:
1591:
1551:
1526:
1491:
1461:
1384:
1359:
1309:
1179:
1011:
996:
971:
951:
893:
343:
287:
17:
2351:
2158:
1952:
1841:
1831:
1821:
1776:
1751:
1596:
1481:
1436:
1379:
1146:
991:
923:
807:
737:"Tamper Evident Microprocessors", Adam Waksman and Simha Sethumadhavan, 2010
419:, thus preventing costly further actions such as notifying the data owners.
367:
232:
191:
179:
769:
422:
The document, email, or file to be protected is used to generate a signed
290:
so it will be more flexible and forgiving to removal (and reapplication).
2173:
2123:
2032:
1902:
1861:
1691:
1616:
1606:
1511:
1446:
1349:
1334:
1279:
1219:
1096:
1061:
961:
760:
743:
462:
302:
279:
119:
47:
171:
Tamper-evident design is perhaps most visible in the process of product
70:
Add tamper-evident features to help indicate the existence of tampering.
1912:
1907:
1856:
1566:
1314:
1169:
472:
265:
261:
98:
to signify that the letter had not been opened since it was written.
2326:
1711:
1409:
1274:
1239:
1234:
1209:
1189:
362:
183:
579:
Rosette, J L (2009), "Tamper-Evident
Packaging", in Yam, K L (ed.),
1716:
1636:
1536:
1259:
228:
148:
140:
1546:
1486:
1224:
380:
machines in an attempt to detect tampering. However, testing by
780:
1641:
1344:
1339:
1329:
1214:
1184:
427:
776:
525:
Tamper-Indicating Seals: Practices, Problems, and
Standards
60:
Control or limit access to products or systems of interest.
354:
systems might require a plastic key to reset the switch.
268:
techniques, as ways to detect monetary tokens which are
122:
to carefully designed packaging for payslips. In modern
118:
Similar practices continue today, from examples such as
67:
by making tampering more difficult, time-consuming, etc.
328:
Despite the easy availability of miniature (hardware)
264:
terms, tamper-evident design overlaps a lot with anti-
2282:
2101:
1870:
1500:
1145:
932:
814:
73:Educate people to watch for evidence of tampering.
528:. World Customs Organization, Security. Brussels
844:Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging
86:Tamper-evident designs have been a feature of
792:
567:"Learning from the Enemy: The GUNMAN Project"
332:, tamper-evident design is not often used in
8:
650:"Defeating Existing Tamper-Indicating Seals"
1978:Hazard analysis and critical control points
799:
785:
777:
182:by persons claiming to have added various
1888:Automatic identification and data capture
759:
376:are commonly employed on devices such as
514:
7:
1290:Flexible intermediate bulk container
581:Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology
321:cabling can be run down transparent
256:Credit cards, money, stamps, coupons
468:Hardware-based full disk encryption
413:Hardware-encrypted full disk drives
2274:Vertical form fill sealing machine
605:"Anticounterfeiting Packaging 101"
25:
2244:Rotary wheel blow molding systems
1092:Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags
714:Nationwide wrote to all customers
603:Dallas, Martin (1 October 2014),
90:since ancient times, often using
2388:
2387:
2214:Mechanical brake stretch wrapper
1948:Electronic article surveillance
1802:Shock and vibration data logger
1647:Linear low-density polyethylene
2053:Radio-frequency identification
1:
2164:Extended core stretch wrapper
1117:Single-serve coffee container
417:data has not been compromised
153:A foil inner seal on a bottle
1320:Insulated shipping container
458:1982 Chicago Tylenol murders
403:cryptographic hash functions
235:, etc. are sometimes added.
209:over-the-counter medications
2209:Material-handling equipment
2093:Verification and validation
1325:Intermediate bulk container
1107:Self-heating food packaging
654:Argonne National Laboratory
636:UK Government - Home Office
432:
382:Argonne National Laboratory
2434:
1852:Time temperature indicator
629:"Tamper evident bags v7.0"
583:, Wiley (published 2010),
156:
2385:
2307:Environmental engineering
2269:Turntable stretch wrapper
2199:Lineshaft roller conveyor
2189:Injection molding machine
1127:Toothpaste pump dispenser
987:Disposable food packaging
829:Child-resistant packaging
549:J. Testing and Evaluation
2194:Label printer applicator
2063:Shearing (manufacturing)
1662:Low-density polyethylene
1082:Pharmaceutical packaging
1052:Low plastic water bottle
942:Alternative wine closure
742:Ho; et al. (2010).
131:National Security Agency
2224:Orbital stretch wrapper
1847:Temperature data logger
1767:Pressure-sensitive tape
1627:Humidity indicator card
1155:Aerosol spray dispenser
205:Chicago Tylenol murders
1943:Die forming (plastics)
1652:Liquid packaging board
1355:Multilayered packaging
1087:Plastic milk container
1067:Optical disc packaging
748:J Antimicrob Chemother
483:Packaging and labeling
173:packaging and labeling
154:
146:
2372:Sustainable packaging
2322:Life-cycle assessment
2302:Closed-loop box reuse
2249:Seed-counting machine
1582:Corrugated fiberboard
1532:Biodegradable plastic
1255:Corrugated box design
909:Sustainable packaging
899:Shelf-ready packaging
874:Packaging engineering
152:
144:
2342:PET bottle recycling
2204:Logistics automation
1732:Plastic-coated paper
879:Resealable packaging
672:"Gas meter stamping"
407:electronic signature
82:Seals and signatures
2394:Category: Packaging
2229:Packaging machinery
2038:Product development
1837:Tamper-evident band
1677:Modified atmosphere
1017:Foam food container
638:. 24 November 2020.
389:damaging the seal.
167:Tamper-evident band
129:Technicians at the
2357:Reusable packaging
2317:Industrial ecology
2078:Ultrasonic welding
2043:Production control
1993:Injection moulding
1878:Aseptic processing
1587:Corrugated plastic
1457:Steel and tin cans
1427:Shipping container
1365:Packet (container)
1102:Seasonal packaging
1002:Evidence packaging
982:Currency packaging
977:Cosmetic packaging
884:Reusable packaging
761:10.1093/jac/dkq355
701:Measurement Canada
660:on 7 October 2008.
565:Sharon A. Maneki.
334:personal computers
294:Road tax vignettes
270:not what they seem
155:
147:
2400:
2399:
2362:Reverse logistics
2347:Plastic recycling
2219:Multihead weigher
2139:Cartoning machine
2134:Cap torque tester
2048:Quality assurance
2023:Plastic extrusion
1988:Induction sealing
1958:Extrusion coating
1817:Staple (fastener)
1787:Security printing
1622:Hot-melt adhesive
1195:Biodegradable bag
1037:Glass milk bottle
919:Tamper resistance
859:Package pilferage
834:Contract packager
703:. 18 August 2008.
590:978-0-470-08704-6
522:Johnston (2003).
493:Security printing
478:Package pilferage
378:electronic voting
313:Physical security
217:induction sealing
137:Product packaging
94:, clay, or metal
65:tamper resistance
35:tamper indicating
16:(Redirected from
2425:
2391:
2390:
2377:Waste management
2367:Source reduction
2184:Industrial robot
2088:Vacuum packaging
2013:Package tracking
1968:Glass production
1928:Corona treatment
1918:Containerization
1782:Screw cap (wine)
1697:Oxygen scavenger
1160:Aluminium bottle
1112:Screw cap (wine)
1057:Luxury packaging
889:Reuse of bottles
854:Package delivery
839:Edible packaging
824:Active packaging
801:
794:
787:
778:
773:
763:
716:
711:
705:
704:
693:
687:
686:
684:
682:
668:
662:
661:
656:. Archived from
646:
640:
639:
633:
625:
619:
618:
617:
615:
600:
594:
593:
576:
570:
563:
557:
556:
544:
538:
537:
535:
533:
519:
453:Active packaging
442:
435:Avalanche effect
393:Computer systems
21:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2381:
2337:Paper recycling
2332:Packaging waste
2312:Glass recycling
2284:
2278:
2234:Pallet inverter
2154:Conveyor system
2109:Barcode printer
2097:
2073:Track and trace
2028:Plastic welding
1963:Flame treatment
1933:Curtain coating
1866:
1687:Nonwoven fabric
1672:Metallised film
1577:Container glass
1504:
1502:
1496:
1472:Tub (container)
1370:Padded envelope
1141:
967:Case-ready meat
934:
928:
864:Package testing
816:
810:
805:
754:(12): 2641–44.
741:
725:
720:
719:
712:
708:
695:
694:
690:
680:
678:
670:
669:
665:
648:
647:
643:
631:
627:
626:
622:
613:
611:
602:
601:
597:
591:
578:
577:
573:
564:
560:
546:
545:
541:
531:
529:
521:
520:
516:
511:
449:
395:
315:
307:Bank of England
258:
169:
157:Main articles:
139:
84:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2431:
2429:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2405:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2297:Can collecting
2294:
2292:Biodegradation
2288:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2264:Tape dispenser
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2114:Barcode reader
2111:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2083:Vacuum forming
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1973:Graphic design
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1893:Blow fill seal
1890:
1885:
1883:Authentication
1880:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1797:Shock detector
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1772:Pump dispenser
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1742:Plastic pallet
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1702:Package handle
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1517:Aluminium foil
1514:
1508:
1506:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1452:Stand-up pouch
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1395:Plastic bottle
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1300:Folding carton
1297:
1292:
1287:
1285:Euro container
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1265:Disposable cup
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1175:Antistatic bag
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1027:Fuel container
1024:
1022:Food packaging
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
947:Ammunition box
944:
938:
936:
930:
929:
927:
926:
921:
916:
914:Tamper-evident
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
820:
818:
812:
811:
806:
804:
803:
796:
789:
781:
775:
774:
739:
734:
731:
724:
723:External links
721:
718:
717:
706:
688:
663:
641:
620:
595:
589:
571:
569:. 2012. p. 26.
558:
539:
513:
512:
510:
507:
506:
505:
503:Tamperproofing
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
448:
445:
439:Hash collision
394:
391:
374:Security seals
314:
311:
276:Postage stamps
257:
254:
225:security tapes
138:
135:
116:
115:
109:
83:
80:
79:
78:
74:
71:
68:
61:
58:
55:
42:
39:
31:Tamper-evident
26:
24:
18:Tamper evident
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2430:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2395:
2384:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2254:Shrink tunnel
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2149:Check weigher
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2119:Bottling line
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2068:Thermoforming
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2058:Roll slitting
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2003:Laser cutting
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1983:Hermetic seal
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1792:Security tape
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1762:Polypropylene
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1707:Packaging gas
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1432:Shipping tube
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1295:Flexible tank
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
939:
937:
931:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
869:Package theft
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
849:Overpackaging
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
821:
819:
813:
809:
802:
797:
795:
790:
788:
783:
782:
779:
771:
767:
762:
757:
753:
749:
745:
740:
738:
735:
732:
730:
727:
726:
722:
715:
710:
707:
702:
698:
692:
689:
677:
676:UK Government
673:
667:
664:
659:
655:
651:
645:
642:
637:
630:
624:
621:
610:
606:
599:
596:
592:
586:
582:
575:
572:
568:
562:
559:
554:
550:
543:
540:
527:
526:
518:
515:
508:
504:
501:
499:
498:Security seal
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
450:
446:
444:
440:
436:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
408:
404:
401:terminology,
400:
399:cryptographic
392:
390:
386:
383:
379:
375:
371:
369:
364:
359:
355:
353:
352:burglar alarm
349:
348:panic buttons
345:
341:
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
320:
312:
310:
308:
304:
298:
295:
291:
289:
283:
281:
277:
273:
271:
267:
263:
255:
253:
250:
246:
243:
240:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
201:
198:
195:
193:
188:
185:
181:
176:
174:
168:
164:
163:Security tape
160:
151:
143:
136:
134:
132:
127:
125:
121:
113:
112:Letterlocking
110:
107:
104:
103:Ancient Roman
101:
100:
99:
97:
93:
89:
81:
75:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
51:
49:
40:
38:
36:
32:
19:
2283:Environment,
1898:Blow molding
1827:Stretch wrap
1757:Polyethylene
1747:Plastic wrap
1737:Plastic film
1722:Paper pallet
1657:Living hinge
1562:Coated paper
1442:Spray bottle
1422:Security bag
1415:Water sachet
1405:Salvage drum
1400:Retort pouch
1305:Glass bottle
1200:Blister pack
1165:Aluminum can
1132:Water bottle
1032:Gas cylinder
1007:Field ration
913:
904:Shelf-stable
751:
747:
709:
700:
691:
679:. Retrieved
675:
666:
658:the original
644:
635:
623:
612:, retrieved
608:
598:
580:
574:
561:
552:
548:
542:
530:. Retrieved
524:
517:
421:
411:
396:
387:
372:
360:
356:
342:
327:
316:
299:
292:
284:
274:
259:
251:
247:
244:
241:
237:
202:
199:
196:
189:
187:the future.
177:
170:
159:Security bag
128:
124:contract law
117:
106:signet rings
85:
63:Improve the
44:
34:
30:
29:
2179:Heat sealer
2144:Case sealer
2018:Papermaking
1938:Die cutting
1903:Calendering
1807:Shrink wrap
1682:Molded pulp
1667:Meat diaper
1632:Kraft paper
1612:Foam peanut
1602:Double seam
1572:Coextrusion
1542:Bubble wrap
1522:Bail handle
1467:Thermal bag
1390:Plastic bag
1205:Boil-in-bag
1137:Wine bottle
1122:Spray paint
1077:Popcorn bag
1072:Oyster pail
957:Beer bottle
488:Sealing wax
344:Fire alarms
338:sealing wax
330:key loggers
280:postmarking
2407:Categories
2259:Staple gun
2239:Palletizer
2129:Can seamer
1998:Lamination
1923:Converting
1812:Slip sheet
1727:Paperboard
1592:Cushioning
1552:Cellophane
1527:Bioplastic
1505:components
1492:Wooden box
1462:Tetra Brik
1385:Paper sack
1360:Multi-pack
1310:Gunny sack
1180:Bag-in-box
1147:Containers
1012:Flour sack
997:Egg carton
972:Coffee bag
952:Banana box
894:Shelf life
614:21 January
509:References
305:issued by
288:blow dryer
2413:Packaging
2352:Recycling
2159:Drum pump
2102:Machinery
1953:Extrusion
1871:Processes
1842:Tear tape
1832:Susceptor
1822:Strapping
1777:Screw cap
1752:Polyester
1597:Desiccant
1501:Materials
1482:Unit load
1437:Skin pack
1380:Paper bag
1250:Clamshell
992:Drink can
924:Wrap rage
808:Packaging
609:PharmTech
368:timestamp
262:financial
233:RFID tags
211:. Due to
207:involved
203:The 1982
192:Mason jar
120:envelopes
41:Tampering
2418:Security
2285:post-use
2174:Heat gun
2124:Calender
2033:Printing
1862:Velostat
1857:Tinplate
1692:Overwrap
1617:Gel pack
1607:Flip-top
1512:Adhesive
1447:Squround
1350:Mesh bag
1335:Jerrycan
1280:Envelope
1220:Bulk box
1097:Sand bag
1062:Milk bag
1047:Juicebox
962:Box wine
935:packages
770:20864497
681:7 August
463:Dye pack
447:See also
323:conduits
303:banknote
180:extorted
48:security
2008:Molding
1913:Coating
1908:Canning
1567:Coating
1557:Closure
1315:Inhaler
1170:Ampoule
1042:Growler
933:Product
815:General
532:7 April
473:Ink tag
319:network
266:forgery
184:poisons
88:letters
2392:
2327:Litter
2169:Filler
1712:Pallet
1410:Sachet
1275:Endcap
1240:Carton
1235:Carboy
1210:Bottle
1190:Barrel
817:topics
768:
587:
363:police
229:labels
165:, and
1717:Paper
1637:Label
1537:BoPET
1260:Crate
632:(PDF)
433:(see
221:seals
96:seals
1547:Bung
1487:Vial
1477:Tube
1375:Pail
1270:Drum
1245:Chub
1230:Case
1225:Cage
766:PMID
683:2021
616:2018
585:ISBN
555:(4).
534:2019
437:and
424:hash
1642:Lid
1503:and
1345:Keg
1340:Jug
1330:Jar
1215:Box
1185:Bag
756:doi
428:bit
397:In
361:In
350:in
260:In
213:FDA
92:wax
2409::
764:.
752:65
750:.
746:.
699:.
674:.
652:.
634:.
607:,
553:25
551:.
443:.
409:.
370:.
272:.
231:,
227:,
223:,
161:,
37:.
800:e
793:t
786:v
772:.
758::
685:.
536:.
441:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
