278:
92:
375:
38:
363:
146:
249:
of a seed, forming the primary root. It branches off to secondary roots, which in turn branch to form tertiary roots. These may further branch to form rootlets. For most plants species the radicle dies some time after seed germination, causing the development of a fibrous root system, which lacks a
114:
of the seed. The tap root can be persistent throughout the life of the plant but is most often replaced later in the plant's development by a fibrous root system. A persistent taproot system forms when the radicle keeps growing and smaller lateral roots form along the taproot. The shape of taproots
254:
begin life with a taproot, but after one to a few years the main root system changes to a wide-spreading fibrous root system with mainly horizontal-growing surface roots and only a few vertical, deep-anchoring roots. A typical mature tree 30–50 m tall has a root system that extends horizontally in
41:
The two types of root systems in plants. The fibrous-root system (A) is characterized by many roots with similar sizes. In contrast, plants that use the taproot system (B) grow a main root, with smaller roots branching off. The letters indicate where the root systems
350:
are typical; being deep-rooted, they are hard to uproot and if the taproot breaks off near the top, the part that stays in the ground often resprouts such that, for effective control, the taproot needs to be severed at least several centimetres below ground level.
346:, or even to grow in containers, because the root tends to grow deep rapidly and in many species comparatively slight obstacles or damage to the taproot will stunt or kill the plant. Among weeds with taproots
557:
as deep as 13 meters (43 feet) underground, to be tapped during the dry months... tree roots acting like pipes to allow water to shift around much faster than it could otherwise
54:
from which other roots sprout laterally. Typically a taproot is somewhat straight and very thick, is tapering in shape, and grows directly downward. In some plants, such as the
258:
Soil characteristics strongly influence the architecture of taproots; for example, deep and rich soils favour the development of vertical taproots in many oak species such as
307:
77:
go on to develop branching root structures, although some that rely on the main root for storage may retain the dominant taproot for centuries—for example,
475:
438:
499:
329:
119:
Conical root: this type of root tuber is conical in shape, i.e. widest at the top and tapering steadily towards the bottom: e.g.
399:
573:
290:
255:
all directions as far as the tree is tall or more, but as much as 100% of the roots are in the top 50 cm of soil.
554:
300:
294:
286:
311:
31:
403:
592:
70:
137:-like appearance. It is very broad at the top and tapers suddenly like a tail at the bottom: e.g.
532:
126:
Fusiform root: this root is widest in the middle and tapers towards the top and the bottom: e.g.
507:
471:
465:
434:
428:
374:
260:
216:
424:
362:
577:
107:
91:
546:
110:(angiosperms), start with a taproot, which is one main root forming from the enlarging
570:
553:... During the wet season, these plants can store as much as 10 percent of the annual
586:
407:
343:
154:
59:
545:
from the surface to reservoirs deep underground and redistribute water... increases
196:
134:
79:
74:
73:
of plants with many branched roots, but many plants that grow a taproot during
550:
176:
533:"Deep-rooted Plants Have Much Greater Impact On Climate Than Experts Thought"
558:
347:
206:
181:
96:
37:
161:
17:
246:
191:
186:
166:
111:
211:
201:
171:
138:
127:
120:
55:
145:
144:
103:
90:
36:
30:
This article is about the plant root system. For other uses, see
562:
542:
251:
230:
51:
271:
234:
226:
222:
62:
so well developed that it has been cultivated as a vegetable.
264:, while clay soils promote the growth of multiple taproots.
467:
Introductory Botany: Plants, People, and the
Environment
549:
and the evaporation of water... by 40 percent in the
27:
Dominant root from which other roots sprout laterally
149:
The edible, orange part of the carrot is its taproot
99:taproot (left) with the rest of the plant (right)
433:. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 145–.
299:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
459:
457:
498:C. Michael Hogan (2008). N. Stromberg (ed.).
419:
417:
8:
464:Linda Berg; Linda R. Berg (23 March 2007).
342:Many plants with taproots are difficult to
330:Learn how and when to remove this message
115:can vary but the typical shapes include:
430:Botany: an introduction to plant biology
391:
358:
7:
69:contrasts with the adventitious- or
470:. Cengage Learning. pp. 112–.
50:is a large, central, and dominant
25:
250:main downward-growing root. Most
373:
361:
276:
153:Many taproots are modified into
571:Fullerton Arboretum on taproots
133:Napiform root: the root has a
106:, one of the two divisions of
1:
157:. Some plants with taproots:
268:Horticultural considerations
609:
245:Taproots develop from the
29:
285:This section includes a
32:Taproot (disambiguation)
541:The tap roots transfer
314:more precise citations.
150:
100:
43:
404:Ohio State University
148:
94:
40:
500:"Quercus kelloggii"
71:fibrous-root system
58:, the taproot is a
576:2008-03-08 at the
504:Globaltwitcher.com
287:list of references
151:
101:
44:
477:978-0-534-46669-5
440:978-0-7637-5345-0
340:
339:
332:
261:Quercus kelloggii
16:(Redirected from
600:
567:
519:
518:
516:
515:
506:. Archived from
495:
489:
488:
486:
484:
461:
452:
451:
449:
447:
425:James D. Mauseth
421:
412:
411:
406:. Archived from
396:
377:
365:
335:
328:
324:
321:
315:
310:this section by
301:inline citations
280:
279:
272:
108:flowering plants
21:
608:
607:
603:
602:
601:
599:
598:
597:
583:
582:
578:Wayback Machine
531:
528:
523:
522:
513:
511:
497:
496:
492:
482:
480:
478:
463:
462:
455:
445:
443:
441:
423:
422:
415:
400:"Botany Manual"
398:
397:
393:
388:
381:
378:
369:
366:
357:
336:
325:
319:
316:
305:
291:related reading
281:
277:
270:
243:
217:Common milkweed
89:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
606:
604:
596:
595:
585:
584:
581:
580:
568:
547:photosynthesis
539:. 2006-01-13.
527:
526:External links
524:
521:
520:
490:
476:
453:
439:
413:
410:on 2004-08-06.
390:
389:
387:
384:
383:
382:
379:
372:
370:
368:A tree taproot
367:
360:
356:
353:
338:
337:
295:external links
284:
282:
275:
269:
266:
242:
239:
238:
237:
221:trees such as
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
155:storage organs
143:
142:
131:
124:
88:
85:
67:taproot system
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
605:
594:
591:
590:
588:
579:
575:
572:
569:
566:
564:
560:
556:
555:precipitation
552:
548:
544:
538:
534:
530:
529:
525:
510:on 2009-09-24
509:
505:
501:
494:
491:
479:
473:
469:
468:
460:
458:
454:
442:
436:
432:
431:
426:
420:
418:
414:
409:
405:
401:
395:
392:
385:
376:
371:
364:
359:
354:
352:
349:
345:
334:
331:
323:
313:
309:
303:
302:
296:
292:
288:
283:
274:
273:
267:
265:
263:
262:
256:
253:
248:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
159:
158:
156:
147:
140:
136:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
117:
116:
113:
109:
105:
98:
93:
86:
84:
82:
81:
76:
72:
68:
63:
61:
60:storage organ
57:
53:
49:
39:
33:
19:
561:through the
540:
537:Sciencedaily
536:
512:. Retrieved
508:the original
503:
493:
483:28 September
481:. Retrieved
466:
446:28 September
444:. Retrieved
429:
408:the original
394:
341:
326:
317:
306:Please help
298:
259:
257:
244:
197:Poppy mallow
152:
102:
78:
66:
64:
47:
45:
593:Plant roots
312:introducing
241:Development
87:Description
80:Welwitschia
75:germination
551:dry season
514:2008-10-17
386:References
348:dandelions
344:transplant
177:Sugar beet
559:percolate
543:rainwater
380:A taproot
320:July 2020
207:Sagebrush
182:Dandelion
97:dandelion
587:Category
574:Archived
427:(2009).
162:Beetroot
18:Taproots
355:Gallery
308:improve
247:radicle
192:Parsnip
187:Parsley
167:Burdock
112:radicle
48:taproot
474:
437:
212:Turnip
202:Radish
172:Carrot
139:turnip
128:radish
121:carrot
104:Dicots
56:carrot
42:begin.
293:, or
252:trees
231:pines
563:soil
485:2010
472:ISBN
448:2010
435:ISBN
235:firs
233:and
227:elms
223:oaks
65:The
52:root
135:top
589::
535:.
502:.
456:^
416:^
402:.
297:,
289:,
229:,
225:,
95:A
83:.
46:A
565:.
517:.
487:.
450:.
333:)
327:(
322:)
318:(
304:.
141:.
130:.
123:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
