87:
31:
62:
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The species inhabits the grasslands of central Mexico, expanding north to the central and southwestern parts of New Mexico and southeastern parts of
Arizona. It prefers areas with dense grass, in which it makes navigational trails called runways that resemble a tunnel with a grass covering. It feeds
320:
In the case of HIV type-1, finding an animal with similar antibody response to the virus as humans can prove difficult. A study conducted in 1998 found that the tawny-bellied cotton rat can be infected by low-level HIV-1. A similar immune response to humans is activated on infection. The degree of
299:
The tawny-bellied cotton rat occurs in the same area as the closely related hispid cotton rat, with the former occupying the moister areas and the latter the more arid areas. When living in adjacent habitats, one species tends to become more numerous while the other maintains a smaller population.
324:
The species was found to undergo an equivalent infection to pulmonary tuberculosis as humans. This is an upgrade over the previous animal models of other small rodents and rabbits. Cotton rats combine the best traits of human-like lung granuloma formation (trait of rabbits) and inexpensive care
316:
The tawny-bellied cotton rat is used as a model organism to develop and test human pathogen treatments. It is affected by many of the same viral and bacterial infections that humans are susceptible to, which helps create vaccines and therapeutic treatments. Other factors that make the species a
282:
The fur is tawny on the belly (the origin of the species' common name), and black and tan speckled on the back. The fur body contains three types of hair: guard-awl hair, guard hair, and under hair. The guard hair is the longest with the guard-awl and under hair following in decreasing length.
266:
Sexual dimorphism is not present, but the adult male weighs slightly more than the female at 222 grams (7.8 oz) compared to 206 grams (7.3 oz). The tail has small scales and is covered in hair which distinguishes it from the larger scales of the closely related
325:(trait of other small rodents) to provide a suitable host for this type of study. Future research is underway to use the cotton rat for studying pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by HIV-1 due to similarities with humans in both diseases.
317:
desirable test subject are the existence of inbred strains, ease of handling, and inexpensive upkeep. Some of the diseases tested on the cotton rat are respiratory syncytial virus, and pulmonary tuberculosis, and HIV type-1.
296:
on grasses, specifically bunchgrass, which they also use in nest-building. Its range in central New Mexico is expanding westward due to an increase in precipitation and in temperature from climate change.
516:
Geluso, Keith; Hoffman, Justin D.; Ashe, Vikki A.; White, Jeremy A.; Bogan, Michael A. (2005). "Westward
Expansion of the Tawny-bellied Cotton Rat (Sigmodon fulviventer) in West-central New Mexico".
709:
Elwood, Robert L.; Wilson, Samuel; Blanco, Jorge C.G.; Yim, Kevin; Pletneva, Luba; Nikonenko, Boris; Samala, Rowena (2007). "The
American cotton rat: A novel model for pulmonary tuberculosis".
433:
Zelditch, Miriam L.; Carmichael, Christopher A. (1989). "Ontogenetic
Variation in Patterns of Developmental and Functional Integration in Skulls of Sigmodon fulviventer".
848:
926:
954:
657:"Effectiveness of topically administered neutralizing antibodies in experimental immunotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats"
822:
861:
321:
infection may be increased by altering the co-receptors on the animal's cells, which would improve the reliability of the test subject.
279:
is a short and broad rather than elongated skull. The dentition is marked by well-developed maxillary incisors and high-crowned molars.
964:
300:
Even though both species seem to avoid one another, there is a passive, indirect competition between the species. In
Durango, Mexico,
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are located on the face and have been observed to play a role in maintaining body position while swimming.
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554:
Petersen, Michael K. (1973). "Interaction
Between the Cotton Rats, Sigmodon fulviventer and S. hispidus".
191:
959:
809:
748:
Musser, G. G.; Carleton, M. D. (2005). "Superfamily
Muroidea". In D. E. Wilson; D. M. Reeder (eds.).
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81:
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Ahi, Alwynelle S. (1982). "Evidence of use of vibrissae in swimming in
Sigmodon fulviventer".
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was found to be dominant, probably due to being a specialist compared to the generalist
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Prince, G.A.; Hemming, V.A.; Horswood, R.L.; Baron, P.A.; Chanock, R.M. (1987).
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598:"HIV type-1 infection of the cotton rat (Sigmodon fulviventer and S. hispidus)"
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Langley, Raymond J.; Prince, Gregory A.; Ginsberg, Harold S. (1998).
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Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
345:Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T.; Castro-Arellano, I.; Lacher, T. (2016).
814:
760:
752:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 894–1531.
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10.1894/0038-4909(2005)050[0273:weottc]2.0.co;2
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275:). Another characteristic distinguishing it from
602:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
370:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T20212A22355460.en
396:Baker, Rollin H.; Shump Jr., Karl A. (1978).
8:
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955:IUCN Red List least concern species
356:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
14:
85:
673:10.1128/JVI.61.6.1851-1854.1987
556:The American Midland Naturalist
1:
490:10.1016/s0003-3472(82)80211-x
518:The Southwestern Naturalist
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723:10.1016/j.tube.2006.07.001
965:Mammals described in 1889
197:
190:
82:Scientific classification
80:
58:
49:
37:
28:
24:Tawny-bellied cotton rat
23:
623:10.1073/pnas.95.24.14355
291:Distribution and habitat
219:tawny-bellied cotton rat
398:"Sigmodon fulviventer"
363:: e.T20212A22355460.
801:Sigmodon fulviventer
771:Sigmodon fulviventer
349:Sigmodon fulviventer
224:Sigmodon fulviventer
201:Sigmodon fulviventer
661:Journal of Virology
614:1998PNAS...9514355L
608:(24): 14355–14360.
540:– via BioOne.
183:S. fulviventer
52:Conservation status
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763:Taxon identifiers
402:Mammalian Species
312:As a model animal
273:Sigmodon hispidus
269:hispid cotton rat
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16:Species of rodent
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484:(4): 1203–1206.
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742:Further reading
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192:Binomial name
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960:Cotton rats
914:NatureServe
836:iNaturalist
795:Wikispecies
404:(94): 1–4.
376:12 November
306:S. hispidus
277:S. hispidus
262:Description
246:and in the
155:Subfamily:
949:Categories
329:References
256:New Mexico
250:states of
237:Cricetidae
208:J.A. Allen
149:Cricetidae
435:Evolution
177:Species:
105:Kingdom:
99:Eukaryota
45:, Mexico
919:2.105544
906:13000915
854:11420551
786:Q1769782
780:Wikidata
731:16973421
538:84364788
498:54240560
463:28564197
285:Whiskers
241:found in
239:. It is
170:Sigmodon
145:Family:
139:Rodentia
129:Mammalia
119:Chordata
115:Phylum:
109:Animalia
95:Domain:
72:IUCN 3.1
893:1002744
828:2438153
691:3553614
642:9826704
610:Bibcode
576:2424456
455:2409309
420:3503788
252:Arizona
229:species
227:) is a
165:Genus:
135:Order:
125:Class:
70: (
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244:Mexico
233:rodent
210:, 1889
932:89246
880:20212
849:IRMNG
841:44905
633:24377
572:JSTOR
534:S2CID
494:S2CID
451:JSTOR
416:JSTOR
927:NCBI
875:IUCN
862:ITIS
823:GBIF
727:PMID
687:PMID
638:PMID
459:PMID
378:2021
361:2016
254:and
217:The
901:MSW
888:MDD
810:EoL
719:doi
677:PMC
669:doi
628:PMC
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
