255:
231:
245:
314:
267:
388:
372:
47:
167:
2528:
278:
219:
683:
302:
290:
179:
201:
85:
190:
1520:
entered the city and crushed the
Tawheed militia, though it permitted Sha'ban to maintain leadership of his now unarmed movement. However, intermittent clashes occurred again in the Tripoli area during the Spring and Summer of 1986, this time between the IUM/Tawheed and the pro-Syrian faction of the
1512:
or ADP, with the former been supported by the
Mosques Committee and the Islamic Committee. The Tawheed's position was strengthened when they gained control of the port area on 22 August, after a fierce battle on the streets of Tripoli that left more than 400 dead. Street fighting dragged for some
1553:
The defeat at the battle of
Tripoli in December 1986 did not meant the end of IUM/Tawheed military activities at Beirut, Sidon, and southern Lebanon. Underground guerrilla cells continued to operate in these areas until the end of the civil war, and afterwards. From 1988 to 2000, the Movement's
1414:. In October 1983, the IUM/Tawheed executed a series of terrorist attacks against the Tripoli offices of the Communist Party, targeting Party cadres and their families. In one occasion, Tawheed fighters rounded up some 52 top Communist members, forced them to renounce their
1465:, was illegally kidnapped by the CIA. German reports assert that El-Masri himself reported his being a member of "El-Tawhid" or "Al-Tawhid" when he applied to Germany for refugee status, in 1985. The reference to "El-Tawhid" may have been confused with the group
1582:
Upon the end of the war in
October 1990, IUM militia forces operating in the Tripoli area, West Beirut and Sidon, were ordered by the Lebanese Government on 28 March 1991 to disband and surrender their heavy weaponry by 30 April as stipulated by the
1602:
Shaaban and the IUM were careful not to antagonize the Syrian authorities, particularly after Syria defeated their militia in late 1986. He spoke favorably of the Syrian military presence in
Lebanon as a framework for unified, armed action against
949:
and emphasizing that the path started by
Khomeini should be followed by all Muslims, the IUM leadership does not call for the establishment of an Iranian-style order in Lebanon, knowing that this would alienate their own Sunni followers. Indeed,
997:
from
Tripoli in December 1983, the Tawheed seized the opportunity to replenish themselves with vehicles, additional weapons and ammunition from PLO arms caches left behind. This enabled the IUM militia to raise a mechanized force made of ex-PLO
1426:
units stationed in
Lebanon – on 19 December, the Tawheed was involved in the massacre of 15 Syrian soldiers at a checkpoint in Tripoli, carried out in retaliation for the seizure by the Syrians of one of their commanders the previous day.
890:
and the
Prophet's biography provide foundations on which all Muslim groups and sects can unite. Instead of arguing about sectarian representation in the parliament, he suggests that Muslims call for Islamic rule based on the
1622:, an alliance of several Islamic parties and figures in Lebanon. The movement's militia re-emerged, this time in support of the Syrian Government in Tripoli. However, after a couple of years, the Lebanese Army and the
808:, in protest of that Party’s leadership decision to adopt a non-violent, moderate political line in the early 1980s. Nevertheless, the two organizations have always maintained a good relationship, especially with
1544:
militias, the
Syrians managed to defeat decisively the Tawheed in another round of brutal fighting on the streets of Tripoli, killing many of its fighters, arresting others and scattered the remainder.
882:, sectarianism and democratic pluralism in favor of an Islamic rule that "absorbs and dissolves all social differences and unites them in one crucible". Shaaban sought ways to unite Sunnis and the
1532:
was arrested by the Syrians and his men responded by killing 15 Syrian soldiers at a checkpoint, which brought the wrath of the Syrians on the Tawheed. Aided by a coalition of ADP, SSNP,
2935:
2516:
2711:
1541:
1048:
850:), respectively. Involved in imposing an Islamic administration on Tripoladuring the 1980s, these latter two groups formed together with the IUM an umbrella organization, the
271:
625:
954:
Shaaban's speech delivered during the 3rd anniversary of Khomeini's death failed to mention his own relation to the latter and its theories. Following the 2020 killing of
2920:
721:
499:
571:
566:
895:, without which no government can be legitimate. As such, the IUM strongly opposed the Christian-dominated political order in Lebanon and deeply resented the
804:
religious leaders. A hardliner who believed that force was a good solution in politics, the radical Shaaban broke away from the Islamic Group soon after the
2693:
2595:
1349:
2925:
1782:
1522:
1044:
1497:
333:
1649:
2945:
2509:
1920:
2494:
1400:, which was employed mainly for arms-smuggling operations and to levy illegal taxes on the transit trade of agricultural products and other goods.
663:
2930:
1058:
The IUM/Tawheed operated mainly on northern Lebanon, at Tripoli and its environs, though its militants were also active at the Sunni quarters of
348:
1571:
645:
641:
2292:
Identités et solidarités croisées dans les conflits du Liban contemporain; Chapitre 12: L'économie politique des milices: le phénomène mafieux
2045:
Identités et solidarités croisées dans les conflits du Liban contemporain; Chapitre 12: L'économie politique des milices: le phénomène mafieux
2404:
2333:
1627:
1090:(ISF) police stations in Tripoli. Additional weaponry, vehicles and other, non-lethal military equipments were procured in the international
2350:
1751:
1403:
Fanatical and ruthless fighters, Tawheed militiamen were responsible for several acts of violence in Tripoli against the local cells of the
2532:
1458:(ISF) during a nationwide crack-down on Sunni religious extremists. One member of IUM was killed and several wounded during the operation.
1454:), respectively – which continued to operate in the post-war period, until being forcibly closed down on 21 September 1997 by the Lebanese
605:
1158:
1392:
sub-urban area east of the city. They also controlled the nearby clandestine port of al-Mahdi, set up at Tripoli's western outskirts at
2502:
561:
2940:
2456:
2425:
453:
248:
1695:
2442:
2367:
2319:
2285:
2243:
1298:
982:
714:
171:
1028:
Its fighters consolidated their control over Tripoli in 1983–1984 by temporarily defeating a number of their secular left-wing and
2776:
1477:". "Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad", the former name for Zarqawi's group, translates as the "movement for monotheism and struggle".
900:
2770:
2589:
2540:
1509:
1036:
466:
259:
2870:
2723:
1674:
1407:
896:
595:
590:
585:
223:
1474:
2915:
438:
1894:
1513:
days until 18 September, when it was brought to an end by a Syrian-mediated peace agreement between the IUM and the ADP.
2337:
707:
694:
618:
141:
874:
in composition, the IUM's ideological anti-western and anti-Communist views stemmed from the radical Sunni wing of the
2864:
2627:
1161:, Bulgarian AKK/AKKS and former East German MPi-KMS-72 assault rifles). Several models of handguns were used, such as
471:
2058:
1360:), plus Palestinian-manufactured improvised short-range rockets fired from adapted ZPU-4 AA gun mounts installed on
1201:
2577:
2114:
1306:
1302:
534:
449:
2811:
1664:
1623:
1533:
1491:
1455:
1411:
1369:
1087:
1040:
1022:
990:
653:
343:
282:
235:
2876:
2782:
2675:
2571:
1654:
958:, Sheikh Shaaban condemned the killing and issued a statement calling for revenge against the perpetrators.
930:
and contacts with that Party’s leaders in Lebanon, which considers the IUM leader doctrinally a follower of
790:
524:
416:
411:
404:
89:
1525:(SSNP), until Syrian troops finally moved in to enforce a truce at the request of local community leaders.
2835:
871:
801:
770:
668:
2796:
2729:
2656:
1592:
1563:
1503:
1466:
1397:
1263:
1259:
1154:
1083:
993:(ISF) stocks or purchased on the black market. Upon the withdrawal of the Palestinian factions loyal to
986:
493:
306:
244:
2132:
46:
1529:
1126:
547:
529:
434:
2823:
2817:
981:, their 1,000-men strong militia, also designated 'Tawheed', was created in 1982 and trained by the
978:
2894:
2485:
2273:
1659:
1619:
1567:
1404:
1353:
1286:
1270:
1225:
1033:
1003:
819:
486:
427:
362:
93:
2841:
2473:
797:
2829:
2805:
2098:
2063:
1644:
1322:
1079:
1007:
946:
875:
823:
774:
631:
328:
294:
1758:
1107:
2847:
2743:
2606:
2452:
2438:
2421:
2412:
2400:
2363:
2346:
2329:
2315:
2281:
1867:
1776:
1326:
1294:
1221:
1170:
1011:
942:
658:
107:
1850:"Lebanese cleric: Uprooting Israeli regime harsh response to assassination of Gen. Soleimani"
2717:
2666:
2550:
2377:
1615:
1470:
1393:
1266:
1239:
1174:
1111:
805:
786:
338:
118:
2758:
2752:
2699:
2621:
2615:
2583:
2489:
2477:
2408:
2299:
2295:
1879:
1699:
1692:
1462:
1385:
1197:
1185:
955:
739:
103:
371:
2102:
1584:
1209:
1189:
773:
political party. It has played an active role in Lebanese internal politics since the
687:
2227:
2909:
2681:
2559:
2354:
2119:
1669:
1537:
1419:
1330:
1290:
1015:
994:
908:
239:
2764:
1925:
1388:
in the western part of Tripoli, where the group's headquarters is located, and the
1310:
1251:
1091:
459:
2451:, Princeton Series on the Middle East, Markus Wiener Publishers, Princeton 1997.
878:. Consistent with these principles, Shaaban and its Movement ostensibly rejected
2430:
2137:
1588:
1517:
1423:
1333:
1205:
1150:
1059:
1052:
1029:
1018:
879:
812:
503:
392:
387:
318:
126:
937:. Some sources even claim that Shaaban was born and raised in a Shia family of
818:
At the height of its power in 1985, the IUM splintered, when dissident leaders
17:
1555:
1365:
1361:
1318:
1314:
1067:
883:
134:
1921:"Military rifle cartridges of Lebanon Part 2: from independence to Hezbollah"
914:
The Movement allegedly enjoyed since the mid-1980s close political ties with
2705:
2687:
2565:
1639:
1559:
1357:
1282:
1243:
1162:
1138:
1119:
1103:
999:
931:
919:
194:
2381:
2305:
Militant Islamic Movements in Lebanon: Origins, Social Basis and Ideologies
2294:, Thèse de Doctorat d'Histoire – 1993, Université de Paris VIII, 2007. (in
887:
2374:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
2032:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
2019:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
2006:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
1993:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
1980:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
1967:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
1954:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
1941:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
1528:
Violence flared up again on December 18, 1986 when the Tawheed commander
1506:
1389:
1281:
The IUM militia was also able to raise a mechanized force made of ex-PLO
1247:
934:
146:
1502:
On August 1984, violent clashes erupted between the IUM/Tawheed and the
1384:
The IUM has its main strongholds at the predominantly Sunni district of
1082:
backing, the IUM militia also seized some weapons and vehicles from the
2527:
1415:
1373:
1232:
938:
767:
277:
1610:
The Movement remains politically active, led by the Secretary-General
2267:
1611:
1604:
1599:
1447:
1435:
1193:
1134:
1130:
1115:
975:
967:
951:
927:
923:
904:
892:
855:
843:
831:
809:
794:
301:
2228:"Lebanese army arrests 75 in Tripoli in government-backed crackdown"
1102:
IUM fighters were provided with a variety of small arms, comprising
1418:
and then summarily shot them, dumping the victims' bodies into the
945:
and only later became a Sunni. While accepting the validity of the
2376:, Modern Conflicts Profile Guide Volume II, AK Interactive, 2021.
1255:
1236:
1166:
1142:
1063:
183:
130:
122:
2097:
Middle East International No 559, 26 September 1997; Publishers
1213:
915:
206:
2498:
1607:, a policy which was continued by its successors in the 1990s.
2326:
The Lebanese Army: A National Institution in a Divided Society
2307:, Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Washington, D.C. 1986.
2203:
The Lebanese Army: A National institution in a divided society
1345:
1217:
1181:
1146:
1123:
985:(PLO), being initially provided with light weapons drawn from
2115:
Al-Qaeda-Iraq link being investigated in Germany, report says
1430:
The IUM also run its own radio and television stations – the
903:
who, Shaaban himself asserted, would have otherwise fled to
2470:
1122:(or its Italian-produced copy, the Beretta Model 1952) and
1231:
Grenade launchers and portable anti-tank weapons included
1849:
1242:, whilst crew-served and indirect fire weapons comprised
2482:
800:, one of Lebanon’s Islamist movements’ few charismatic
815:, founder and Secretary-general of the Islamic Group.
2449:
Faces of Lebanon: Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions
2857:
2795:
2742:
2665:
2655:
2637:
2605:
2549:
2539:
2328:, State University of New York Press, Albany 2009.
324:
212:
160:
152:
140:
114:
99:
78:
68:
56:
32:
2437:, London: Oxford University Press (3rd ed. 2001).
966:Controlled by the IUM's Military Command Council (
826:left the Movement to set up their own groups, the
1794:
1792:
2397:Histoire du Liban contemporain: Tome 2 1943-1990
1734:
1732:
1422:. Other actions held later that year targeted
2510:
2483:Islamic Labor Front official site (in Arabic)
1598:Aside from rare instances of mild criticism,
1043:(LCP). They also clashed with the pro-Syrian
715:
8:
1149:assault rifles (other variants included the
2936:Paramilitary organisations based in Lebanon
2694:Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnag)
2596:Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnag)
2418:A History of Modern Lebanon: Second Edition
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
27:Lebanese political party and militant group
2662:
2546:
2517:
2503:
2495:
2471:Islamic Unification Movement official site
2343:Sanctuary and Survival: the PLO in Lebanon
2258:Islamism in Lebanon: A Guide to the Groups
886:, for example by suggesting that the holy
722:
708:
357:
29:
1650:List of weapons of the Lebanese Civil War
1570:(SLA) proxies in the Israeli-controlled "
897:Syrian military intervention of June 1976
626:Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants
2360:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
2345:, Boulder: Westview Press, Oxford 1990.
2260:, Middle East Quarterly, September 1997.
1368:(Egyptian 30-tube version of the BM-11)
1032:rivals, in particular the predominantly
51:Logo of the Islamic Unification Movement
1685:
1021:, plus mortars and a few truck-mounted
382:
360:
2372:Zachary Sex & Bassel Abi-Chahine,
1875:
1865:
1781:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1774:
1372:(MBRL) mounted on Soviet-manufactured
1252:120-PM-38 (M-1938) 120mm heavy mortars
870:Known to be anti-Syrian in policy and
1824:Militant Islamic Movements in Lebanon
1724:Militant Islamic Movements in Lebanon
1498:Bab al-Tabbaneh–Jabal Mohsen conflict
1481:The Tawheed in the Lebanese Civil War
806:June 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon
334:Bab al-Tabbaneh–Jabal Mohsen conflict
7:
2921:Islamic political parties in Lebanon
1614:Minqara, a member of the pro-Syrian
1350:M1939 (61-K) 37mm anti-aircraft guns
74:1982 - 1990 and Until 1991 - present
2312:Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks
2280:, Palgrave Macmillan, London 1998.
1893:Popenker, Maxim (27 October 2010).
1626:virtually crushed the militia in a
962:Military structure and organization
743:
2926:Factions in the Lebanese Civil War
2266:, Beirut: Ash-Shira, no date. (in
1380:Illegal activities and controversy
789:in 1982 a splinter faction of the
736:Islamic Unification Movement – IUM
349:South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)
249:Lebanese National Resistance Front
25:
2244:List of Islamic political parties
2059:"Communist party in Lebanon hurt"
1396:and run by the Sunni businessmen
1159:Pistol Mitralieră model 1963/1965
1039:(ADP) and the multi-confessional
983:Palestine Liberation Organization
172:Palestine Liberation Organization
2526:
2314:, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2008.
2264:Al-Harakat al-Islamiya fi Lubnan
2133:Terrorists with German Passports
2057:Hijaz, Ihsan A. (4 March 1987).
1711:Al-Harakat al-Islamiya fi Lubnan
1628:major security crackdown in 2014
681:
386:
370:
312:
300:
288:
276:
265:
253:
243:
229:
217:
199:
188:
177:
165:
83:
45:
2946:Sunni Islamic political parties
2590:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
2435:Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War
2399:, Éditions Fayard, Paris 2005.
1523:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
1291:Santana 88 Ligero Militar jeeps
1045:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
393:Member State of the Arab League
260:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
2871:Popular Nasserist Organization
2724:Popular Nasserist Organization
1675:2nd Infantry Brigade (Lebanon)
1618:. In 2005, the IUM joined the
1374:ZIL-157 general-purpose trucks
1:
2362:, Beirut: Elite Group, 2003.
2278:Civil War in Lebanon, 1975-92
1344:Its artillery branch fielded
1303:Toyota Land Cruiser (J40/J42)
2533:Political parties in Lebanon
2420:, Pluto Press, London 2012.
2166:(Cairo), September 19, 1985.
1919:Scarlata, Paul (July 2009).
1848:News, Taghrib (2021-02-18).
1811:An-Nahar al-Arabi wad-Duwali
1801:(Beirut), February 10, 1992.
1299:Chevrolet C-10/C-15 Cheyenne
1070:region of southern Lebanon.
1055:units stationed in Lebanon.
33:Islamic Unification Movement
2865:Progressive Socialist Party
2628:Progressive Socialist Party
1475:Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad
1180:Squad weapons consisted of
926:Shaaban frequent visits to
748:Harakat al-Tawhid al-Islami
2962:
1741:(Beirut), August 31, 1989.
1558:fought alongside the Shia
1495:
1489:
1025:for its artillery branch.
2941:Islamic political parties
2931:Israeli–Lebanese conflict
2890:
2578:Lebanese Democratic Party
2105:; Michael Jansen pp.10-11
1370:multiple rocket launchers
1346:ZPU (ZPU-1, ZPU-2, ZPU-4)
1307:Toyota Land Cruiser (J75)
972:Majliss al-Kiyadi al-Harb
44:
37:
2812:Lebanese Communist Party
1813:, September 18–24, 1989.
1665:Internal Security Forces
1624:Internal Security Forces
1534:Lebanese Communist Party
1516:In the fall of 1985 the
1492:Battle of Tripoli (1983)
1456:Internal Security Forces
1315:Mercedes-Benz Unimog 404
1295:Land-Rover series II-III
1202:Browning M1919A4 .30 Cal
1088:Internal Security Forces
1041:Lebanese Communist Party
991:Internal Security Forces
344:Battle of Tripoli (1983)
283:Internal Security Forces
236:Lebanese Communist Party
2877:National Dialogue Party
2676:Free Patriotic Movement
2572:Free Patriotic Movement
2217:(Beirut), May 12, 1992.
2030:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
2017:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
2004:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
1991:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
1978:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
1965:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
1952:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
1939:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
1838:(Beirut), June 5, 1992.
1549:South Lebanon 1988–2000
1348:14.5mm autocannons and
1051:factions, and with the
785:The IUM was founded in
2777:National Liberal Party
1713:(no date), pp. 93–141.
1655:Lebanese Islamic Group
1198:M60 light machine guns
791:Lebanese Islamic Group
752:Islamic Unity Movement
642:Diplomatic missions of
90:Lebanese Islamic Group
2797:17 October Revolution
2771:Independence Movement
1593:Lebanese Armed Forces
1564:Israel Defense Forces
1510:Arab Democratic Party
1473:, used to be called "
1467:Abu Mussab al-Zarqawi
1366:RL-21 (Sakr-36) 122mm
1289:, comprising Spanish
1248:82-PM-41 82mm mortars
1206:Browning M2HB .50 Cal
1127:semi-automatic rifles
1084:Lebanese Armed Forces
1074:Weapons and equipment
1037:Arab Democratic Party
987:Lebanese Armed Forces
846:: اللجنة الاسلامية |
744:حركة التوحيد الإسلامي
307:Israel Defense Forces
224:Arab Democratic Party
39:حركة التوحيد الإسلامي
2916:Arab militant groups
2190:Civil War in Lebanon
2177:Civil War in Lebanon
2154:(1998), pp. 146–147.
2152:Civil War in Lebanon
2086:Civil War in Lebanon
2034:(2021), pp. 210-211.
858:: اللقاء الإسلامي |
848:Al-Lajnat al-Islamia
836:Al-Lajnat al-Masajid
754:, but best known as
412:Constitution of 1926
2895:Politics of Lebanon
2447:William W. Harris,
2310:Moustafa El-Assad,
2123:, February 5, 2003,
1693:Islamism In Lebanon
1660:Islamic Labor Front
1620:Islamic Labor Front
1568:South Lebanese Army
1362:Unimog light trucks
1313:light pickups, and
1086:(LAF) barracks and
363:Politics of Lebanon
115:Active regions
94:Islamic Labor Front
2488:2008-02-16 at the
2476:2010-06-11 at the
2416:Fawwaz Traboulsi,
2290:Fawwaz Traboulsi,
2141:, October 27, 2005
2064:The New York Times
2047:(2007), parte III.
1878:has generic name (
1698:2008-05-03 at the
1645:Lebanese Civil War
1578:The post-war years
1554:guerrillas at the
1398:Tariq Fakhr al-Din
1323:heavy machine guns
1269:(often mounted on
1222:Heavy machine guns
1210:SG-43/SGM Goryunov
1133:assault carbines,
1008:heavy machine guns
947:Iranian Revolution
899:in support of the
876:Muslim Brotherhood
860:Al-Liqa' al-Islami
828:Mosques' Committee
775:Lebanese Civil War
688:Lebanon portal
632:Abdallah Bou Habib
329:Lebanese Civil War
295:South Lebanon Army
70:Dates of operation
2903:
2902:
2886:
2885:
2744:March 14 Alliance
2657:National Assembly
2651:
2650:
2607:March 14 Alliance
2405:978-2-213-61521-9
2334:978-0-7914-9345-8
2256:A. Nizar Hamzeh,
2103:Dennis Walters MP
1461:A former member,
1327:recoilless rifles
1267:recoilless rifles
1224:being mounted on
1175:MAB PA-15 pistols
1118:submachine guns,
1012:recoilless rifles
866:Political beliefs
852:Islamic Gathering
840:Islamic Committee
834:: لجنة المساجد |
732:
731:
664:Visa requirements
619:Foreign relations
606:Political parties
554:Recent elections
356:
355:
16:(Redirected from
2953:
2718:Dignity Movement
2667:March 8 Alliance
2663:
2551:March 8 Alliance
2547:
2531:
2530:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2496:
2274:Edgar O'Ballance
2232:
2231:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2199:
2193:
2186:
2180:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2148:
2142:
2130:
2124:
2112:
2106:
2095:
2089:
2088:(1998), p. 171.
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2054:
2048:
2041:
2035:
2028:
2022:
2015:
2009:
2002:
1996:
1989:
1983:
1976:
1970:
1963:
1957:
1950:
1944:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1916:
1903:
1902:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1877:
1873:
1871:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1826:(1986), pp. 8–9.
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1780:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1757:. Archived from
1756:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1727:
1726:(1986), pp. 7–8.
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1690:
1616:March 8 alliance
1566:(IDF) and their
1471:Al Qaeda in Iraq
1432:"Voice of Right"
1319:416 light trucks
1240:rocket launchers
1112:Carl Gustaf m/45
956:Qassem Soleimani
943:Northern Lebanon
745:
724:
717:
710:
686:
685:
684:
506:
395:
391:
390:
374:
358:
339:1982 Lebanon War
325:Battles and wars
317:
316:
315:
305:
304:
293:
292:
291:
281:
280:
270:
269:
268:
258:
257:
256:
247:
234:
233:
232:
222:
221:
220:
205:
203:
202:
193:
192:
191:
182:
181:
180:
170:
169:
168:
88:
87:
86:
71:
49:
40:
30:
21:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2882:
2853:
2791:
2788:Independent (3)
2759:Future Movement
2753:Lebanese Forces
2738:
2735:Independent (5)
2700:Marada Movement
2647:
2633:
2622:Lebanese Forces
2616:Future Movement
2601:
2584:Marada Movement
2535:
2525:
2523:
2490:Wayback Machine
2478:Wayback Machine
2467:
2462:
2459:, 1-55876-115-2
2395:Denise Ammoun,
2391:
2389:Further reading
2386:
2252:
2240:
2235:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2205:(2009), p. 173.
2200:
2196:
2192:(1998), p. 171.
2187:
2183:
2179:(1998), p. 168.
2174:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2149:
2145:
2131:
2127:
2113:
2109:
2096:
2092:
2083:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2042:
2038:
2029:
2025:
2021:(2021), p. 211.
2016:
2012:
2008:(2021), p. 160.
2003:
1999:
1995:(2021), p. 210.
1990:
1986:
1982:(2021), p. 209.
1977:
1973:
1969:(2021), p. 209.
1964:
1960:
1956:(2021), p. 209.
1951:
1947:
1943:(2021), p. 209.
1938:
1934:
1918:
1917:
1906:
1899:Modern Firearms
1892:
1891:
1887:
1874:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1821:
1817:
1809:
1805:
1797:
1790:
1773:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1754:
1752:"Archived copy"
1750:
1749:
1745:
1737:
1730:
1721:
1717:
1709:
1705:
1700:Wayback Machine
1691:
1687:
1683:
1636:
1580:
1551:
1530:Samir al-Hassan
1500:
1494:
1488:
1486:Tripoli 1982–86
1483:
1463:Khalid El-Masri
1386:Bab al-Tabbaneh
1382:
1342:
1279:
1244:M2 60mm mortars
1200:, with heavier
1108:Škorpion vz. 61
1100:
1076:
964:
868:
783:
728:
699:
695:Other countries
682:
680:
674:
673:
654:Nationality law
650:
638:
621:
611:
610:
600:
578:
550:
540:
539:
520:
512:
511:
498:
489:
479:
478:
430:
420:
419:
407:
397:
385:
384:
365:
313:
311:
310:
299:
298:
289:
287:
286:
275:
274:
266:
264:
263:
254:
252:
251:
242:
230:
228:
227:
218:
216:
200:
198:
197:
189:
187:
186:
178:
176:
175:
166:
164:
104:Bab al-Tabbaneh
92:
84:
82:
69:
63:
61:
52:
38:
28:
23:
22:
18:Tawhid Movement
15:
12:
11:
5:
2959:
2957:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2908:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2824:Tahalof Watani
2821:
2818:Beirut Tuqawem
2815:
2809:
2802:
2800:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2749:
2747:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2715:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2672:
2670:
2660:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2644:PM's share (5)
2641:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2625:
2619:
2612:
2610:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2556:
2554:
2544:
2537:
2536:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2480:
2466:
2465:External links
2463:
2461:
2460:
2457:978-1558761155
2445:
2428:
2426:978-0745332741
2414:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2370:
2358:Samer Kassis,
2356:
2339:
2322:
2308:
2301:
2288:
2271:
2261:
2253:
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2207:
2194:
2181:
2168:
2156:
2143:
2125:
2107:
2090:
2077:
2049:
2036:
2023:
2010:
1997:
1984:
1971:
1958:
1945:
1932:
1904:
1885:
1840:
1828:
1815:
1803:
1788:
1743:
1728:
1715:
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1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1635:
1632:
1585:Taif Agreement
1579:
1576:
1550:
1547:
1496:Main article:
1490:Main article:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1381:
1378:
1341:
1338:
1278:
1275:
1099:
1096:
1075:
1072:
1006:equipped with
979:Hashem Minqara
963:
960:
867:
864:
782:
779:
777:in the 1980s.
750:), also named
730:
729:
727:
726:
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581:
579:
577:
576:
569:
564:
560:Presidential:
557:
551:
546:
545:
542:
541:
538:
537:
535:Municipalities
532:
527:
521:
518:
517:
514:
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510:
509:
508:
507:
490:
485:
484:
481:
480:
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450:Prime Minister
447:
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431:
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326:
322:
321:
214:
210:
209:
162:
158:
157:
156:1,000 fighters
154:
150:
149:
144:
138:
137:
116:
112:
111:
101:
97:
96:
80:
76:
75:
72:
66:
65:
64:Hashem Minqara
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2958:
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2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2787:
2784:
2783:Islamic group
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2682:Amal Movement
2680:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2643:
2642:
2640:
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2623:
2620:
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2614:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2560:Amal Movement
2558:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2520:
2515:
2513:
2508:
2506:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2443:0-19-280130-9
2440:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2382:8435568306073
2379:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2368:9953-0-0705-5
2365:
2361:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:0 86187 123 5
2348:
2344:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2320:9953-0-1256-8
2317:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2303:Marius Deeb,
2302:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2287:
2286:0-333-72975-7
2283:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2120:Drudge Report
2116:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1889:
1886:
1881:
1869:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1778:
1764:on 2007-11-01
1760:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1686:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1670:Popular Guard
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1572:Security Belt
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1538:Popular Guard
1535:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1485:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1420:Mediterranean
1417:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:anti-aircraft
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1163:Tokarev TT-33
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1066:, and at the
1065:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1016:anti-aircraft
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
996:
995:Yasser Arafat
992:
988:
984:
980:
977:
973:
969:
961:
959:
957:
953:
948:
944:
940:
936:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
912:
910:
909:Latin America
906:
902:
898:
894:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
865:
863:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
820:Khalil Akkawi
816:
814:
811:
807:
803:
799:
796:
792:
788:
780:
778:
776:
772:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
741:
737:
725:
720:
718:
713:
711:
706:
705:
703:
702:
696:
693:
692:
690:
689:
678:
677:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
651:
647:
643:
640:
639:
633:
629:
628:
627:
624:
623:
620:
615:
614:
607:
604:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
583:
582:
580:
575:
574:
570:
568:
565:
563:
559:
558:
556:
555:
553:
552:
549:
544:
543:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
516:
515:
505:
501:
497:
496:
495:
492:
491:
488:
483:
482:
473:
472:Past Cabinets
470:
469:
468:
465:
461:
458:
457:
455:
451:
448:
443:
442:
440:
436:
433:
432:
429:
424:
423:
418:
413:
410:
409:
406:
401:
400:
396:
394:
389:
381:
378:
377:
373:
369:
368:
364:
359:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
331:
330:
327:
323:
320:
308:
303:
296:
284:
279:
273:
261:
250:
246:
241:
240:Popular Guard
237:
225:
215:
211:
208:
196:
185:
173:
163:
159:
155:
151:
148:
145:
143:
139:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
117:
113:
109:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
81:
77:
73:
67:
62:Bilal Shaaban
59:
55:
48:
43:
36:
31:
19:
2842:Osos Lebanon
2765:Kataeb Party
2712:Ba'ath Party
2448:
2434:
2417:
2396:
2373:
2359:
2342:
2341:Rex Brynen,
2325:
2324:Oren Barak,
2311:
2304:
2291:
2277:
2263:
2257:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2202:
2197:
2189:
2188:O'Ballance,
2184:
2176:
2175:O'Ballance,
2171:
2164:Al-Jumhuriya
2163:
2159:
2151:
2150:O'Ballance,
2146:
2136:
2128:
2118:
2110:
2093:
2085:
2084:O'Ballance,
2080:
2068:. Retrieved
2062:
2052:
2044:
2039:
2031:
2026:
2018:
2013:
2005:
2000:
1992:
1987:
1979:
1974:
1966:
1961:
1953:
1948:
1940:
1935:
1926:Shotgun News
1924:
1898:
1888:
1857:. Retrieved
1853:
1843:
1835:
1831:
1823:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1766:. Retrieved
1759:the original
1746:
1738:
1723:
1718:
1710:
1706:
1688:
1609:
1597:
1581:
1562:against the
1552:
1527:
1515:
1501:
1460:
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1443:
1439:
1431:
1429:
1402:
1383:
1352:(mounted on
1343:
1280:
1230:
1179:
1101:
1092:black market
1077:
1057:
1049:Ba'ath Party
1027:
974:) headed by
971:
965:
922:, forged by
913:
872:Sunni Muslim
869:
859:
851:
847:
839:
835:
827:
817:
798:Said Shaaban
784:
771:Sunni Muslim
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
735:
733:
679:
572:
525:Governorates
519:Subdivisions
460:Najib Mikati
417:Human rights
405:Constitution
383:
100:Headquarters
60:Said Shaaban
2858:Others (10)
2830:Khatt Ahmar
2730:Union Party
2431:Robert Fisk
2138:Der Spiegel
2099:Lord Mayhew
2043:Traboulsi,
1876:|last=
1589:Syrian Army
1542:Baath Party
1518:Syrian Army
1440:Sawt al-Haq
1424:Syrian Army
1334:autocannons
1321:armed with
1157:, Romanian
1151:Zastava M70
1080:Palestinian
1060:West Beirut
1053:Syrian Army
1047:(SSNP) and
1019:autocannons
880:Nationalism
824:Kanaan Naji
813:Fathi Yakan
669:Visa policy
504:Nabih Berri
487:Legislature
319:Syrian Army
272:Baath Party
127:West Beirut
2910:Categories
2638:Others (5)
2250:References
1859:2022-01-16
1854:abna24.com
1799:Al-Massira
1768:2008-02-12
1556:Jabal Amel
1444:"Crescent"
1442:) and the
1358:Gun trucks
1354:technicals
1311:Datsun 620
1287:technicals
1283:Gun trucks
1271:technicals
1264:B-11 107mm
1256:SPG-9 73mm
1226:Technicals
1153:, Chinese
1098:Small-arms
1068:Jabal Amel
1004:technicals
1000:Gun trucks
989:(LAF) and
838:) and the
646:in Lebanon
630:Minister:
494:Parliament
135:Jabal Amel
2848:ReLebanon
2706:Al-Ahbash
2688:Hezbollah
2566:Hezbollah
2541:Ministers
1681:Footnotes
1640:Hezbollah
1560:Hezbollah
1340:Artillery
1260:B-10 82mm
1120:M1 Garand
932:Ayatollah
920:Hizbollah
901:Maronites
760:At-Tawhid
756:Al-Tawhid
584:General:
573:2022–2023
567:2014–2016
548:Elections
530:Districts
435:President
428:Executive
213:Opponents
195:Hezbollah
2806:Taqaddom
2486:Archived
2474:Archived
2238:See also
2215:An-Nahar
1895:"Sa. 23"
1868:cite web
1777:cite web
1739:Ad-Diyar
1696:Archived
1634:See also
1591:and the
1452:al-Hilal
1390:Dinniyeh
1277:Vehicles
1104:Sa 25/26
1078:Besides
1030:Pan-Arab
935:Khomeini
768:Lebanese
659:Passport
147:Islamism
142:Ideology
79:Group(s)
2201:Barak,
1595:(LAF).
1587:to the
1507:Alawite
1416:atheism
1405:Alawite
1394:El Mina
1233:M72 LAW
1220:14.5mm
1155:Type 56
1034:Alawite
939:Batroun
793:led by
787:Tripoli
781:Origins
766:, is a
764:Tawheed
500:Speaker
467:Cabinet
119:Tripoli
108:Tripoli
57:Leaders
2455:
2441:
2424:
2409:French
2403:
2380:
2366:
2349:
2332:
2318:
2296:French
2284:
2268:Arabic
2070:18 May
1836:Al-Ahd
1822:Deeb,
1722:Deeb,
1612:Sheikh
1605:Israel
1600:Sheikh
1540:, and
1469:lead,
1448:Arabic
1436:Arabic
1364:, and
1194:FN MAG
1190:PK/PKM
1171:FN P35
1135:FN FAL
1131:AMD-65
1116:MAT-49
976:Sheikh
968:Arabic
952:Sheikh
928:Tehran
924:Sheikh
905:Cyprus
893:Sharia
888:Qur'an
856:Arabic
844:Arabic
832:Arabic
810:Sheikh
795:Sheikh
740:Arabic
444:vacant
262:(SSNP)
238:(LCP)/
204:
174:(PLO)
161:Allies
2659:(128)
1762:(PDF)
1755:(PDF)
1237:RPG-7
1214:DShKM
1167:CZ 75
1143:AK-47
1139:M16A1
1064:Sidon
1023:MBRLs
802:Sunni
762:, or
309:(IDF)
297:(SLA)
285:(ISF)
226:(ADP)
184:Hamas
131:Sidon
123:Akkar
2836:Lana
2799:(13)
2755:(19)
2746:(38)
2690:(13)
2684:(14)
2678:(17)
2669:(60)
2553:(16)
2543:(24)
2453:ISBN
2439:ISBN
2422:ISBN
2411:) –
2407:(in
2401:ISBN
2364:ISBN
2347:ISBN
2330:ISBN
2316:ISBN
2298:) –
2282:ISBN
2072:2008
1880:help
1783:link
1504:Shia
1410:and
1356:and
1329:and
1317:and
1309:and
1285:and
1262:and
1250:and
1235:and
1216:and
1196:and
1173:and
1145:and
1114:and
1062:and
1014:and
1002:and
918:and
916:Iran
884:Shia
822:and
734:The
596:2022
591:2018
586:2009
562:2008
454:list
439:list
207:Iran
153:Size
2879:(1)
2873:(1)
2867:(8)
2850:(1)
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2378:EAN
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1408:ADP
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1212:,
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1177:.
1147:AKM
1124:SKS
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