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778:(DERM). To ensure that cultural heritage values are protected with park management decisions, there is an ongoing partnership between the QPWS and the indigenous land owners; the Kangoulu and Ghungalu people. General objectives of park management include ensuring the protection and preservation of the parks ecological and biological diversity and values, and ensuring the continued survival of the bridled nail-tail wallaby through provision of predator control and adequate habitat and food resources.
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727:. Bridled nailtail wallabies are regular prey of the dingo, which preferentially targets adult individuals and is recognised as posing a significant threat to the species long-term survival. Contrastingly, feral cats appear to target juvenile wallabies, effectively reducing the number of individuals which survive long enough to contribute to the breeding population, thereby contributing further to declining numbers.
805:
703:. All of these external populations were originally sourced from Taunton National Park, with the aim of increasing the range extent and total number of populations, to reduce the risk of any chance event causing extinction. In spite of these contingencies, the wild population at Taunton National Park is still considered the most important for the continued survival of the species as it has the highest levels of
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half of which is confined to the summer months - December to
February. The distribution of rainfall over such a condensed period leaves the area prone to droughts; with a sustained drought event occurring, on average, once a decade. The most recent drought of significance occurred between 1991 and 1995 with detrimental impacts on the surviving bridled nailtail wallaby population.
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resources as well as preventing ground and vegetation compaction via trampling. Wallaby population abundance is monitored by quarterly 4-day surveys which span the entire park, to ensure rapid management responses to notable declines in numbers, while issues arising from fire threats, such as destruction of the wallabies brigalow shrub habitat, are managed through fire breaks and
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species had been presumed extinct. Following this sighting, Taunton was purchased in 1979 and established as a scientific reserve, solely to ensure the protection and survival of the endangered wallaby. Then in 1984, another cattle property 'Red Hill', situated adjacent to
Taunton, was added to the reserve and the whole area later became officially named 'Taunton National Park'.
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64:
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forbs; which reduces native food availability and biodiversity. Fire threats compound the issue, as Buffel grass growth is stimulated by burning, which not only raises the risk and severity of fires by increasing fuel availability, but also burns at higher temperatures than the Acacia overstorey can tolerate, which reduces and degrading the natural habitat.
668:
early 1990s. Droughts are known to directly impact the wallaby through the reduced availability of food resources, while also indirectly increasing predation pressure as the level of protective habitat cover is decreased and overall prey numbers continue to decline. Known predators of the wallaby include; feral cats and dogs, dingoes (
684:
473:). The transitional zones between the Acacia dominated forests and Eucalpyt dominated woodlands are composed of combinations of characteristics particular to each ecosystem type, and only contribute to 14% of the parks total area. The remaining land was previously cleared and is undergoing natural regeneration, primarily by
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The region that the park is located in has been demonstrated to have one of the highest rate of annual clearance, when compared with other subregions within
Queensland. This high clearance rate has contributed to a number of Brigalow-typical ecosystems becoming otherwise at risk or endangered, which
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and overall ecosystem degradation. Despite considerable regional agricultural and pastoral development, a large proportion of the park's vegetation remained intact or was exposed to minimal disturbance prior to the reserve being established. The park has high regional significance today as only 17%
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in the native vegetation, and its capacity for vigorous growth and drought resistance can result in the creation of impenetrable walls of grass which also hinders through-movement by smaller mammals. Buffel grass is also highly competitive with herbaceous species such as legumes, native grasses and
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Between 1979 and the late 1980s, population numbers were estimated to be between 1000 and 1400 individuals. Despite concerted efforts and various management approaches population numbers have continued to decline, a situation which is often attributed to the sustained drought which occurred in the
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As is typical of the tropical savannah in the
Northern Brigalow Belt, a combination of open, grassy Eucalypt woodlands, transitional zones and regrowing Acacia shrub-lands and forests comprise Taunton National Parks main vegetation zones. The most common vegetation associations within the park and
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practices became common, with smaller properties and higher stock numbers. The cumulative effects of this land use change resulted in a considerable reduction in remnant vegetation patch size and occurrence. This in turn reduced the availability of habitat, food and shelter for native fauna, and
318:
A governmental initiative called the 'Brigalow
Development Scheme' provided great incentive for increasing agricultural development in the Brigalow region and accelerated the rate and scale of vegetation clearance for conversion to buffel grass. The success of this scheme resulted in agricultural
253:
communities dominate the western region. The parks topography is reasonably even, with a gradual slope from the north and western ends of the park towards the eastern and southern margins. The regions climate is described as subtropical and semi-arid; with a mean annual rainfall of 711 mm,
308:
The region in which
Taunton National Park is located, was (and still is) subject to long-term, wide-scale agricultural development and associated disturbances. During the 1950s and 1960s extensive clearance of brigalow scrub began to take place in order to establish pastoral grasses for grazing
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In 1973 a bridled nail-tail wallaby was sighted on a cattle property named 'Taunton' and reported by a fencing contractor. There had been reports of a significant decline in the wallabies population numbers during the early 1900s with no recorded sightings since the 1930s, and subsequently the
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More recent population estimates for the bridled nailtail wallaby suggest that numbers within the park are around 500 individuals. Two translocated wild populations exist; one at Idalia
National Park and the other a privately owned cattle property - 'Avocet', with additional captive breeding
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measures are implemented to lower predation pressures on the wallaby, and continued monitoring is conducted to assess the effects and success rate of these pest management strategies. Domestic stock animals are excluded from the park via fencing, to reduce competition for the wallabies food
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in northern
Queensland. Causes for the original population decline are complex, but are generally thought to have arisen from a combination of interacting factors including predation and drought. The wallaby population impacts from these processes have been further exacerbated by habitat
680:) and large pythons. To reduce predation, dingo and wild dog baiting is regularly conducted, and the Sporting Shooters Association of Australia also carries out hunting expeditions, targeting the feral species and dingoes in the park and surrounding areas.
392:) and false sandalwood, are also endangered, having undergone wide-scale clearing throughout the 1900s. Ecosystem communities represented within the park which are considered to be 'of concern' include; open and grassy woodlands dominated by poplar box (
412:
The reserve supports a wide diversity of flora, with over 190 species recorded. Typical brigalow communities which are found in the park include; grassy and shrubby woodlands or open forests, whipstick brigalow, sucker brigalow, and open forests where
980:
Ellis, B. A.; Dawson, T. J.; Tierney, P. J. (1992). "The diet of the bridled nailtail wallaby (Onychogalea fraenata), 1. Site and seasonal influences and dietary overlap with the black-striped wallaby (Macropus dorsalis) and domestic cattle ".
650:
The park contains the only naturally occurring population of
Australia's most endangered macropod; the bridled nailtail wallaby. The wallaby is now restricted to less than 1% of its former distribution, which originally extended from the
1290:
Pople, A.; Lowry, J.; Lundie-Jenkins, G.; Clancy, T. F.; McCallum, H. I.; Sigg, D.; Hoolihan, D.; Hamilton, S. (2001). "Demography of bridled nailtail wallabies translocated to the edge of their former range from captive and wild stock".
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of vegetation within the park had been removed by 1975 (approximately), thereby conserving once prevalent, regionally representative ecosystems and vegetation communities, which are now often restricted to bush fragments and reserves.
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highlights the importance of the parks biodiversity, as 12 of the regions ecosystems are represented within the reserve. Endangered open forest or woodland ecosystems in the park include; vegetation associations dominated by
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with dawson gum or poplar box. The most dominant vegetation association, covering 39% of the parks area, is the grassy eucalypt woodlands which are dominated by poplar box in combination with the silver-leaved ironbark
1727:
Sigg, D. P. (2006). "Reduced genetic diversity and significant genetic differentiation after translocation: Comparison of the remnant and translocated populations of bridled nailtail wallabies (Onychogalea fraenata)".
1043:
Bowen, M. E.; McAlpine, C. A.; Seabrook, L. M.; House, A. P.; Smith, G. C. (2009). "The age and amount of regrowth forest in fragmented brigalow landscapes are both important for woodland dependent birds".
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Dense acacia forests or 'brigalow scrub' encompass 30% of the parks area, with species typical of the endangered
Brigalow shrubland/forest ecosystem described previously, or can include combinations of
775:
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species (kangaroos and wallabies etc.) and other mammals, over 70 species of bird and numerous reptiles and snakes. Notable bird species known to inhabit the reserve include the
1766:
Sigg, D. P.; Goldizen, A. W.; Pople, A. R. (2005). "The importance of mating system in translocation programs: reproductive success of released male bridled nailtail wallabies".
341:
The park occurs in the Northern Brigalow 'Tropical Savannah' ecoregion, which is so named for the predominant flora species of the region; 'brigalow', hereafter referred to as
1467:
Wilson, B. A.; Neldner, V. J.; Accad, A. (2002). "The extent and status of remnant vegetation in Queensland and its implications for statewide vegetation and legislation".
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Taunton National Park and the biodiversity it supports are subjected to various threatening processes, particularly in regard to predation or competition with introduced
3804:
1610:
Madden, J. R.; Lowe, T. J.; Fuller, H. V.; Dasmahapatra, K. K.; Coe, R. L. (2004). "Local traditions of bower decoration by spotted bowerbirds in a single population".
56:
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fragmentation and degradation caused by wide-scale vegetation clearance, and increased competition for food resources with domestic animals, particularly sheep.
3960:
1192:
World Wildlife Fund (Lead Author) & McGinley, M. (EOE Topic Ed.) (1 July 2012) . Encyclopedia of Earth (C. J. Cleveland, Encyclopedia of Earth Ed.) (ed.).
3965:
1945:
542:), which is protected under various international migratory bird agreements. Reptile species of significance inhabiting the reserve include the vulnerable
928:
McAlpine, C. A.; Fensham, R. J.; Temple-Smith, D. E. (2002). "Biodiversity conservation and vegetation clearing in Queensland: principles and thresholds".
1798:
Melzer, R. I.; Twyford, K. L.; Rowston, C.; Augsteyn, J. D. (2009). "Pest Arrest in Central Queensland: conserving biodiversity through pest management".
730:
Invasive plant species pose increasing threats to the parks biodiversity. Particularly notorious weeds invading the park include; giant rats tail grass (
101:
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is ongoing in order to control the range and establishment of invasive plant species, and reduce competition with native plants. In addition, regular
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894:
757:). In particular, advancing encroachment of the pastoral buffel grass is significant due to its capacity to alter the structure of the shrub
3173:
2833:
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Wang, Y.; Fisher, D. O. (2012). "Dingoes affect activity of feral cats, but do not exclude them from the habitat of an endangered macropod".
771:
154:
1546:
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Butler, B. D. W.; Fairfax, R. J. (2003). "Buffel grass and fire in a gidgee and brigalow woodland: a case study from central Queensland".
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The protection of Taunton National Park has provided an important refuge and habitat for a wide range of biodiversity including various
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Fisher, D. O.; Blomberg, S. P.; Hoyle, S. D. (2001). "Mechanisms of drought-induced population decline in an endangered wallaby".
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Chan, K.; Augusteyn, J. D. (2003). "Relationship between bird-unit size and territory quality in three species of fairy-wrens (
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Wallach, A. D.; Murray, B. R.; O'Neill, A. J. (2009). "Can threatened species survive where the top predator is absent?".
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vegetation species are dominant in the northern region of the park, while texture-contrast soils in combination with
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345:. Vegetation clearance throughout this district and in fact the whole Brigalow Belt, has resulted in an extensive
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2018:
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1118:"Effects of vegetation structure, food and shelter on the home range and habitat use of an endangered wallaby"
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1200:. Washington, D. C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment
700:
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Madden, J. R (2003). "Bower decorations are good predictors of mating success in the spotted bowerbird".
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2008:
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278:. Water-bodies present within the park boundaries consist of 15 dams and a small number of creeks.
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2691:
2601:
2340:
2053:
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2013:
1972:
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Jackson, J. (2005). "Is there a relationship between herbaceous species richness and buffel grass (
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620:
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266:
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Australian Government:Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities
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2003:
1998:
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315:) was widely sowed for fodder in the cleared areas, and rapidly became irreversibly established.
260:
184:
1193:
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187:, Australia. The park encompasses an area of 11,626 ha (28,730 acres) within the Northern
1321:
Dawson, T. J.; Tierney, P. J.; Ellis, B. A. (1992). "The diet of the Bridled nailtail wallaby (
237:
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2178:
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1129:
1087:
1053:
990:
937:
785:
626:
432:. In addition to these, another two species have been identified as 'near threatened'; the
618:) More common bird species found in the park include; populations of spotted bower bird (
2451:
2446:
2209:
1325:) II Overlap in dietry niche bredth and plant preferences with the black-striped wallaby (
1225:
790:
724:
660:
656:
632:
587:
559:
527:
451:
292:
217:
communities from further agricultural disturbances in the surrounding landscape, provided
1896:"Population dynamics and survival of an endangered wallaby: A comparison of four methods"
201:
due to its importance in ensuring the ongoing survival and protection of the endangered
2456:
1377:
Gordon, G.; Lawrie, B. C. (1980). "The Rediscovery of the Bridled Nail-Tailed Wallaby,
198:
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1001:
http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search/display.do?f=1996/AU/AU96005.xml;AU9204211
781:
676:
652:
563:
519:
507:
469:
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226:
1811:
1623:
1433:"Conservation and grazing in Australia's north-east: the bridled nailtail wallaby"
1923:
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1982:
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670:
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of Queensland; a region widely recognised to contain considerable biodiversity.
2472:
2507:
2148:
1958:
1741:
1571:
Miles, A. J.; Madden, J. R. (2002). "Bower location by the spotted bowerbird (
1257:
800:
732:
696:
423:
29:
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Turni, C.; Smales, L. R. (2001). "Parasites of the bridled nailtail wallaby (
1013:
116:
103:
708:
457:
214:
191:
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dominate. Endangered plant species protected inside the park include the
281:
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320:
250:
246:
218:
2193:
2088:
87:
1394:
1342:
994:
1671:
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1018:. In IUCN 2012: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2"
941:
745:), buffel grass, harissia cactus (Eriocereus martini), parthenium (
2168:
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484:
291:
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236:
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Taunton National Park is designated as a strictly scientific
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Department of Environment and Resource Management. (2011b).
893:
Department of Environment and Resource Management. (2011a).
610:), which is listed as vulnerable, and the iconic Australian
562:. In addition to the bridled nailtail wallaby, a number of
258:
surrounding areas, tend to be dominated by either brigalow (
1915:
10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0901:PDASOA]2.0.CO;2
902:
Department of National Parks, Recreation, Sport and Racing
570:
which extends through the reserve. These can include the
417:
and another species such as yellow-wood, belah or various
707:, and is therefore an important source for supplementing
770:
Management of Taunton National Park is conducted by the
396:) and grassy or scrubby woodlands that are dominated by
1431:
Kearney, F.; McAllister, R. R.; MacLeod, N. D. (2012).
895:"Taunton National Park (Science): Management Plan 2011"
1894:
Fisher, D. O.; Hoyle, S. D.; Blomberg, S. P. (2000).
1532:"National recovery plan for the Large-eared Pied Bat
209:). The wallabies protection has facilitated natural
3918:
3697:
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3242:
2781:
2710:
2514:
2439:
2248:
2202:
1991:
1965:
160:
148:
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132:
93:
81:
23:
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776:Department of Environment and Heritage Protection
270:) species, which commonly occur along with other
1800:Australasian Journal of Environmental Management
1426:
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1422:
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1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1372:
1111:
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975:
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602:). Other mammals found in the park include the
213:processes within reserve boundaries, protected
1831:
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919:
2488:
1939:
1793:
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1789:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
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382:). Brigalow shrubland/forest assemblages of
63:
8:
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1239:
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324:altered the natural vegetation composition.
1722:
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1946:
1932:
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319:system adjustments so that more intensive
309:domestic sheep and cattle. buffel grass (
20:
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1462:
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1545:. Queensland Government. Archived from
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18:Protected area in Queensland, Australia
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848:
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179:approximately 135 km inland from
1838:Ecological Management and Restoration
1381:(Gould)(Marsupialia: Macropodidae)".
1187:
1185:
1183:
1078:spp.) with overlapping territories".
772:Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service
155:Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service
7:
3961:National parks of Central Queensland
225:and helped conserve a wide range of
3966:Protected areas established in 1994
1246:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
144:116 km (44.8 sq mi)
14:
711:of the translocated populations.
370:), or in combination with wilga (
3971:1994 establishments in Australia
1881:10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01465.x
1850:10.1046/j.1442-8903.2003.00146.x
1135:10.1046/j.1365-2664.2000.00518.x
1092:10.1046/j.1440-1703.2003.00534.x
803:
558:) (NPRS) which is classified as
455:), the narrow-leaved ironbark, (
430:Solanaceae Solanum elachophyllum
62:
55:
1503:)(Marsupialia: Macropodidae)".
461:), the long-fruited bloodwood (
624:), the variegated fairy-wren (
1:
3937:Protected areas of Queensland
1812:10.1080/14486563.2009.9725238
1624:10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.12.007
1305:10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00101-X
1174:10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00200-7
819:Protected areas of Queensland
636:) and red-backed fairy-wren (
175:is situated near the town of
165:Protected areas of Queensland
3860:Southern Moreton Bay Islands
1780:10.1016/j.biocon.2004.11.017
1707:10.1016/j.biocon.2008.09.021
1058:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.08.005
434:Apocynaceae Cerbera dumicola
241:IBRA 6.1 Brigalow Belt North
3229:Yamarrinh Wachangan Islands
438:Poaceae Dichanthium setosum
3987:
1122:Journal of Applied Ecology
3934:
3054:Michaelmas and Upolu Cays
1742:10.1007/s10592-005-9096-3
1258:10.1007/s00265-003-0583-6
1196:Brigalow tropical savanna
687:Bridle nailtail wallaby,
646:Bridled nail-tail wallaby
203:bridled nail-tail wallaby
50:
36:
3410:South Cumberland Islands
1329:) and domestic cattle".
754:Cryptostegia grandiflora
748:Parthenium hysterophorus
532:Geophaps scripta scripta
502:Geophaps scripta scripta
376:) and false sandalwood (
245:Cracking clay soils and
3174:Sir Charles Hardy Group
2203:Local Government Areas:
1903:Ecological Applications
1768:Biological Conservation
1695:Biological Conservation
1293:Biological Conservation
1162:Biological Conservation
1046:Biological Conservation
904:. Queensland Government
751:) and the rubber vine (
674:) wedge-tailed eagles (
526:Southern subspecies of
3698:Brisbane and Surrounds
3370:Northumberland Islands
1450:10.1186/2041-7136-2-20
1116:Fisher, D. O. (2000).
699:, Rockhampton and the
691:
639:Malurus melanocephalus
630:), superb fairy-wren (
616:Phascolarctos cinereus
515:
504:
493:
300:
289:
242:
117:23.53333°S 149.22139°E
3919:Former national parks
3770:Glass House Mountains
3064:Mitchell-Alice Rivers
1730:Conservation Genetics
1469:The Rangeland Journal
930:The Rangeland Journal
782:Pest plant management
715:Environmental threats
686:
580:eastern grey kangaroo
572:black-striped wallaby
556:Strophurus taenicauda
554:golden-tailed gecko (
513:Strophurus taenicauda
511:Golden Tailed Gecko,
510:
499:
488:
379:Eremophila mitchellii
367:Eucalyptus cambageana
295:
284:
240:
173:Taunton National Park
70:Taunton National Park
25:Taunton National Park
3315:Halifax Bay Wetlands
2804:Barnard Island Group
1501:Onychogalea fraenata
1379:Onychogalea fraenata
1323:Onychogalea fraenata
1016:Onychogalea fraenata
689:Onychogalea fraenata
604:large-eared pied bat
548:Paradelma orientalis
534:) and the migratory
467:) and the grey box (
389:Terminalia oblongata
347:loss of biodiversity
207:Onychogalea fraenata
150:Managing authorities
122:-23.53333; 149.22139
83:Nearest town or city
3830:Naree Budjong Djara
3270:Broad Sound Islands
2964:Hinchinbrook Island
2527:Blackdown Tableland
2440:Places of Interest:
2261:Blackdown Tableland
1573:Chlamydera maculata
1534:Chalinolobus dwyeri
1080:Ecological Research
824:Wildlife management
621:Chlamydera maculata
608:Chalinolobus dwyeri
544:brigalow scaly-foot
489:Rainbow bee eater,
426:Solanum adenophorum
358:with either belah (
337:Biology and ecology
298:Eucalyptus populnea
267:Eucalyptus populnea
113: /
3805:Gheebulum Kunungai
3425:Whitsunday Islands
2702:Wild Cattle Island
2607:Keppel Bay Islands
2431:Wild Cattle Island
2346:Keppel Bay Islands
1955:Central Queensland
1224:has generic name (
774:(QPWS), under the
739:Mother of Millions
692:
568:distribution range
516:
505:
500:Squatter Pigeons,
494:
386:with yellow-wood (
373:Geijera parviflora
361:Casuarina cristata
343:Acacia harpophylla
328:Park establishment
301:
290:
261:Acacia harpophylla
243:
233:Region description
185:Central Queensland
3943:
3942:
3451:Culgoa Floodplain
3310:Gloucester Island
3275:Cape Hillsborough
3260:Bowling Green Bay
3139:Possession Island
3069:Mitirinchi Island
2919:Great Basalt Wall
2834:Chillagoe-Mungana
2470:
2469:
2215:Central Highlands
1865:Cenchrus ciliaris
1660:Wildlife Research
1505:Wildlife Research
1395:10.1071/WR9800339
1383:Wildlife Research
1343:10.1071/WR9920079
1331:Wildlife Research
1327:Macropus dorsalis
1052:(12): 3051–3059.
995:10.1071/wr9920065
983:Wildlife Research
811:Queensland portal
705:genetic diversity
600:Wallabia bicolour
576:Macropus dorsalis
536:rainbow bee-eater
364:) or dawson gum (
312:Cenchrus ciliaris
264:) or poplar box (
170:
169:
3978:
3956:IUCN Category II
3865:St Helena Island
3597:Wide Bay-Burnett
3446:Chesterton Range
3400:Round Top Island
3330:Lindeman Islands
3320:Holbourne Island
3265:Brampton Islands
3169:Saunders Islands
3129:Palmerston Rocks
3124:Oyala Thumotang
3059:Millstream Falls
3034:Macalister Range
3029:Ma’alpiku Island
2914:Forty Mile Scrub
2889:Eubenangee Swamp
2642:Mount Etna Caves
2547:Capricornia Cays
2497:
2490:
2483:
2474:
2381:Mount Etna Caves
2281:Capricornia Cays
1948:
1941:
1934:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1900:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1833:
1824:
1823:
1795:
1784:
1783:
1763:
1754:
1753:
1724:
1711:
1710:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1655:
1636:
1635:
1612:Animal Behaviour
1607:
1601:
1600:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1552:on 22 March 2012
1551:
1540:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1496:
1485:
1484:
1464:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1428:
1399:
1398:
1374:
1347:
1346:
1318:
1309:
1308:
1287:
1270:
1269:
1241:
1230:
1229:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1189:
1178:
1177:
1157:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1113:
1104:
1103:
1071:
1062:
1061:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1009:
1003:
998:
977:
946:
945:
925:
914:
913:
911:
909:
899:
890:
813:
808:
807:
806:
786:predator control
743:Bryophyllum spp.
627:Malurus lamberti
400:with or without
285:Brigalow Tree -
151:
128:
127:
125:
124:
123:
118:
114:
111:
110:
109:
106:
84:
66:
65:
59:
32:
26:
21:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3930:
3914:
3900:Venman Bushland
3825:Mount Pinbarren
3795:Mooloolah River
3693:
3639:Goodnight Scrub
3629:Coalstoun Lakes
3592:
3531:
3527:White Mountains
3522:Porcupine Gorge
3517:Camooweal Caves
3500:
3476:Lake Bindegolly
3466:Hell Hole Gorge
3429:
3335:Magnetic Island
3280:Cape Palmerston
3238:
3214:Undara Volcanic
3084:Mount Hypipamee
3019:Little Mulgrave
3004:Kurrimine Beach
2959:Herberton Range
2909:Frankland Group
2884:Endeavour River
2839:Claremont Isles
2777:
2723:Bunya Mountains
2706:
2647:Mount O'Connell
2637:Mount Colosseum
2542:Capricorn Coast
2510:
2501:
2471:
2466:
2452:Capricorn Caves
2447:Carnarvon Gorge
2435:
2386:Mount O'Connell
2376:Mount Colosseum
2276:Capricorn Coast
2249:National Parks:
2244:
2198:
1987:
1961:
1952:
1922:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1869:Austral Ecology
1862:
1861:
1857:
1835:
1834:
1827:
1797:
1796:
1787:
1765:
1764:
1757:
1726:
1725:
1714:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1672:10.1071/WR11210
1657:
1656:
1639:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1589:10.1071/MU00039
1570:
1569:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1538:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1517:10.1071/WR99108
1498:
1497:
1488:
1481:10.1071/RJ02001
1466:
1465:
1458:
1430:
1429:
1402:
1376:
1375:
1350:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1289:
1288:
1273:
1243:
1242:
1233:
1220:
1210:
1203:
1201:
1191:
1190:
1181:
1159:
1158:
1143:
1115:
1114:
1107:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1011:
1010:
1006:
979:
978:
949:
942:10.1071/RJ02002
927:
926:
917:
907:
905:
897:
892:
891:
836:
832:
809:
804:
802:
799:
791:controlled burn
768:
725:invasive plants
717:
695:populations in
661:Charters Towers
657:New South Wales
648:
633:Malurus cyaneus
588:common wallaroo
560:near threatened
528:squatter pigeon
483:
452:E. melanophloia
419:Eucalyptus spp.
410:
398:Eucalyptus spp.
339:
330:
306:
235:
149:
121:
119:
115:
112:
107:
104:
102:
100:
99:
82:
77:
76:
75:
74:
73:
72:
71:
67:
46:
28:
27:
24:
19:
12:
11:
5:
3984:
3982:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3948:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3815:Mount Chinghee
3812:
3807:
3802:
3800:Moogerah Peaks
3797:
3792:
3790:Mapleton Falls
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3750:Ferntree Creek
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3543:Astrebla Downs
3539:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3395:Repulse Island
3392:
3390:Reliance Creek
3387:
3382:
3377:
3375:Orpheus Island
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3350:Mount Aberdeen
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3224:Wuthara Island
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3094:Mount Spurgeon
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2949:Hann Tableland
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2904:Flinders Group
2901:
2899:Fitzroy Island
2896:
2894:Family Islands
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2844:Clump Mountain
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2814:Basilisk Range
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2504:National parks
2502:
2500:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2457:Shoalwater Bay
2454:
2449:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1928:
1921:
1920:
1909:(3): 901–910.
1886:
1875:(5): 505–517.
1855:
1844:(2): 120–125.
1825:
1806:(4): 227–235.
1785:
1774:(3): 289–300.
1755:
1736:(4): 557–589.
1712:
1685:
1666:(7): 611–620.
1637:
1618:(4): 759–765.
1602:
1583:(2): 187–193.
1563:
1522:
1511:(4): 403–411.
1486:
1456:
1400:
1389:(3): 339–345.
1348:
1310:
1299:(3): 285–299.
1271:
1252:(5): 269–277.
1231:
1179:
1168:(1): 107–115.
1141:
1128:(4): 660–671.
1105:
1063:
1035:
1004:
947:
915:
833:
831:
828:
827:
826:
821:
815:
814:
798:
795:
767:
764:
716:
713:
659:border, up to
647:
644:
540:Merops ornatus
491:Merops ornatus
482:
479:
475:A. harpophylla
446:A. harpophylla
415:A. harpophylla
409:
406:
384:A. harpophylla
356:A. harpophylla
338:
335:
329:
326:
305:
302:
287:A. harpophylla
276:Eucalyptus spp
234:
231:
199:nature reserve
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
97:
91:
90:
85:
79:
78:
69:
68:
61:
60:
54:
53:
52:
51:
48:
47:
37:
34:
33:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3983:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3938:
3933:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3715:Burleigh Head
3713:
3711:
3710:Bribie Island
3708:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3634:Fairlies Knob
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3583:Narrien Range
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3405:Smith Islands
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3385:Pioneer Peaks
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3365:Newry Islands
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3340:Molle Islands
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
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3298:
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3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3255:Brook Islands
3253:
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3248:
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3235:
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3230:
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3225:
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3207:
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3200:
3197:
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3189:Three Islands
3187:
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3182:
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3179:Staaten River
3177:
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3159:Russell River
3157:
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3137:
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3134:Piper Islands
3132:
3130:
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3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3104:Mount Windsor
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
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3077:
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3074:Moresby Range
3072:
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3057:
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3024:Lizard Island
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3009:Kutini-Payamu
3007:
3005:
3002:
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2997:
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2982:
2980:
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2954:Hasties Swamp
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2829:Cape Melville
2827:
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2711:Darling Downs
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2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2627:Minerva Hills
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2612:Kroombit Tops
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
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2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2572:Epping Forest
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2562:Curtis Island
2560:
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2555:
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2462:The Gemfields
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2366:Minerva Hills
2364:
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2351:Kroombit Tops
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2319:
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2306:Epping Forest
2304:
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2296:Curtis Island
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1019:
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1012:McKnight, M.
1008:
1005:
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984:
976:
974:
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968:
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736:
734:
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722:
721:feral species
714:
712:
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685:
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673:
672:
665:
662:
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641:
640:
635:
634:
629:
628:
623:
622:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
596:swamp wallaby
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
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327:
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299:
296:Poplar Box -
294:
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279:
277:
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269:
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263:
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255:
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239:
232:
230:
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220:
216:
212:
208:
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195:
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190:
189:Brigalow Belt
186:
182:
178:
174:
166:
163:
159:
156:
153:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:
98:
96:
92:
89:
86:
80:
58:
49:
44:
43:national park
40:
39:IUCN category
35:
31:
22:
16:
3880:Teerk Roo Ra
3850:Ravensbourne
3835:Nicoll Scrub
3820:Mount Coolum
3810:Mount Barney
3730:Deer Reserve
3659:Mount Bauple
3619:Burrum Coast
3604:Auburn River
3578:Munga-Thirri
3536:Central West
3415:South Island
3380:Paluma Range
3355:Mount Martin
3285:Cape Upstart
3219:Wooroonooran
3204:Turtle Group
3154:Rocky Islets
3144:Raine Island
3119:Nymph Island
3114:Ngalba Bulal
2974:Howick Group
2969:Hope Islands
2944:Goold Island
2924:Green Island
2864:Davies Creek
2849:Crater Lakes
2809:Barron Gorge
2773:Wondul Range
2686:
2677:Rundle Range
2632:Mount Archer
2557:Castle Tower
2420:
2411:Rundle Range
2371:Mount Archer
2291:Castle Tower
2164:Tannum Sands
2129:Mount Morgan
2124:Mount Larcom
2024:Boyne Island
2019:Bouldercombe
1906:
1902:
1889:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1841:
1837:
1803:
1799:
1771:
1767:
1733:
1729:
1701:(1): 43–52.
1698:
1694:
1688:
1663:
1659:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1554:. Retrieved
1547:the original
1542:
1533:
1525:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1472:
1468:
1440:
1436:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1337:(1): 79–87.
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1296:
1292:
1249:
1245:
1202:. Retrieved
1197:
1194:
1165:
1161:
1125:
1121:
1086:(1): 73–80.
1083:
1079:
1075:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1021:
1015:
1007:
986:
982:
936:(1): 36–55.
933:
929:
906:. Retrieved
901:
780:
769:
752:
746:
742:
731:
729:
718:
693:
688:
677:Aquila audax
675:
669:
666:
653:Murray River
649:
637:
631:
625:
619:
615:
607:
599:
591:
584:M. giganteus
583:
575:
555:
547:
539:
531:
517:
512:
501:
490:
474:
470:E. moluccana
468:
464:E. polycarpa
462:
456:
450:
445:
442:
437:
433:
429:
422:
418:
414:
411:
402:Corymbia spp
401:
397:
393:
387:
383:
377:
371:
365:
359:
355:
352:
342:
340:
331:
317:
310:
307:
297:
286:
275:
271:
265:
259:
256:
244:
227:biodiversity
211:regeneration
206:
196:
172:
171:
15:
3905:West Cooroy
3870:Springbrook
3755:Fort Lytton
3745:Eudlo Creek
3649:Great Sandy
3644:Goomboorian
3624:Cania Gorge
3548:Bladensburg
3512:Boodjamulla
3420:Swain Reefs
3209:Two Islands
3199:Tully Gorge
3089:Mount Lewis
3044:Maria Creek
2794:Annan River
2748:Mount Binga
2682:Snake Range
2652:Mount Walsh
2416:Snake Range
2391:Mount Walsh
2235:Rockhampton
2230:Livingstone
2159:St Lawrence
2109:Middlemount
2104:Marlborough
1983:Rockhampton
1475:(1): 6–35.
1443:(1): 1–17.
1437:Pastoralism
1222:|last=
759:understorey
671:Canis lupus
394:E. populnea
221:for native
183:in eastern
181:Rockhampton
133:Established
120: /
108:149°13′17″E
95:Coordinates
3950:Categories
3775:Kondalilla
3760:Freshwater
3705:Bellthorpe
3563:Forest Den
3558:Diamantina
3505:North West
3461:Diamantina
3456:Currawinya
3434:South West
3360:Mount Ossa
3234:Yungaburra
3194:Topaz Road
3099:Mount Webb
3079:Mount Cook
2979:Hull River
2929:Grey Peaks
2824:Bulleringa
2819:Blackbraes
2743:Main Range
2733:Erringibba
2728:Crows Nest
2667:Peak Range
2617:Littabella
2597:Isla Gorge
2587:Goodedulla
2582:Expedition
2508:Queensland
2406:Peak Range
2356:Littabella
2336:Isla Gorge
2321:Goodedulla
2316:Expedition
2240:Woorabinda
2184:Woorabinda
2149:Springsure
2029:Blackwater
1992:Townships:
1959:Queensland
830:References
766:Management
733:Sporobolus
709:gene pools
701:Gold Coast
697:Townsville
594:) and the
592:M.robustus
550:) and the
524:vulnerable
424:Solanaceae
105:23°32′00″S
30:Queensland
3926:Blue Lake
3875:Tamborine
3780:Lamington
3725:D'Aguilar
3720:Conondale
3689:Woowoonga
3491:Thrushton
3345:Moorrinya
3250:Blackwood
3164:Sandbanks
3014:Lama Lama
2989:Kalkajaka
2939:Girringun
2799:Apudthama
2782:Far North
2768:The Palms
2758:Southwood
2738:Girraween
2697:West Hill
2672:Precipice
2662:Palmgrove
2657:Nuga Nuga
2577:Eurimbula
2567:Deepwater
2552:Carnarvon
2426:West Hill
2401:Palmgrove
2396:Nuga Nuga
2311:Eurimbula
2301:Deepwater
2286:Carnarvon
2220:Gladstone
2144:Rolleston
2094:Gracemere
2059:Clairview
1978:Gladstone
1820:110572828
1214:cite book
989:: 65–78.
793:regimes.
655:near the
564:macropods
458:E. crebra
215:ecosystem
192:bioregion
3895:Tuchekoi
3885:Tewantin
3735:Dularcha
3664:Pipeclay
3568:Goneaway
3486:Narkoola
3325:Homevale
3305:Eungella
3300:Dryander
3149:Rinyirru
2934:Girramay
2879:Ella Bay
2859:Danbulla
2854:Daintree
2718:Bendidee
2592:Humboldt
2532:Bulburin
2331:Humboldt
2326:Homevale
2266:Bulburin
2174:Westwood
2154:Stanwell
2114:Moranbah
2084:Duaringa
2064:Clermont
2044:Calliope
2009:Baralaba
1750:25611443
1680:86277567
1632:51947323
1597:84366245
1266:11132975
1204:11 April
1100:29680245
1028:10 April
797:See also
552:arboreal
546:lizard (
520:macropod
436:and the
428:and the
321:land use
251:Eucalypt
247:brigalow
219:habitats
161:See also
3910:Wickham
3890:Triunia
3855:Sarabah
3785:Lockyer
3684:Woondum
3654:Grongah
3614:Beninbi
3588:Welford
3573:Lochern
3553:Cudmore
3496:Tregole
3481:Mariala
3295:Dipperu
3184:Starcke
3109:Mowbray
2999:Kuranda
2994:Kirrama
2763:Sundown
2687:Taunton
2622:Mazeppa
2537:Byfield
2515:Central
2421:Taunton
2361:Mazeppa
2271:Byfield
2194:Yeppoon
2089:Gogango
2054:Carmila
2049:Capella
2039:Callide
2014:Biloela
1973:Emerald
1966:Cities:
1556:8 April
1076:Malarus
908:4 April
586:), the
578:), the
566:have a
304:History
88:Emerald
3845:Nerang
3765:Gatton
3679:Woocoo
3674:Tarong
3609:Beeron
3471:Idalia
3290:Conway
3039:Malaan
2984:Japoon
2869:Dinden
2210:Banana
2189:Yaamba
2139:Raglan
2134:Rannes
2099:Jambin
2079:Dysart
2004:Banana
1999:Bajool
1818:
1748:
1678:
1630:
1595:
1264:
1098:
1024:. IUCN
272:Acacia
3840:Noosa
3669:Poona
3441:Alton
3243:North
3049:Marpa
2874:Djiru
2789:Alwal
2753:Pidna
2692:Warro
2602:Junee
2341:Junee
2225:Isaac
2179:Wowan
2169:Tieri
2119:Moura
2074:Dingo
2069:Comet
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