4397:
6926:
1727:
1760:
1050:
9210:
31:
7754:
9198:
4640:
develop pseudobulbs (i.e. a bulge at the base of a stem), that are normally shorter and sturdier than those in the epidendroids. The striking characteristics of the vandoids are a cellular pollinium stalk (= stipe), superposed pollinia and the unique development of the incumbent anther, that bends early in development.
8622:
Givnish, Thomas J.; Spalink, Daniel; Ames, Mercedes; Lyon, Stephanie P.; Hunter, Steven J.; Zuluaga, Alejandro; Iles, William J.D.; Clements, Mark A.; Arroyo, Mary T.K.; Leebens-Mack, James; Endara, Lorena; Kriebel, Ricardo; Neubig, Kurt M.; Whitten, W. Mark; Williams, Norris H.; Cameron, Kenneth M.
467:
Since 2006, phylogenies of two of the subfamilies, Vanilloideae and
Epidendroideae have been published. Phylogenies of several tribes and subtribes have also been published. Compared to previous classifications, more of the tribes and subtribes of Dressler were monophyletic, but not all of them were
4639:
Formerly called
Vandoideae, this is the second largest subfamily with over 300 genera in more than 5,000 species. They are mostly epiphytes, but include some terrestrials and myco-heterotrophs, all occurring in most tropical areas. The main stem grows in a single direction. Many of the species
8600:
Kenneth M. Cameron. 2006. "A comparison and combination of plastid atpB and rbcL gene sequences for inferring phylogenetic relationships within
Orchidaceae". pages 447-464. In: J. Travis Columbus, Elizabeth A. Friar, J. Mark Porter, Linda M. Prince, and Michael G. Simpson (editors).
8455:
Mark W. Chase, Kenneth M. Cameron, Russell L. Barrett, and John V. Freudenstein. 2003. "DNA data and
Orchidaceae systematics: a new phylogenetic classification". pages 69-89. In: Kingsley W. Dixon, Shelagh P. Kell, Russell L. Barrett, and Phillip J. Cribb (editors). 2003.
6505:
The former subfamily
Spiranthoideae is now embedded in the clade Orchidoideae as the tribe Cranichideae (Dressler, 1993). It includes 95 genera and about 1100 species. Species of this polyphyletic tribe occur in all continents (except Antarctica), but mainly in
8431:
Kenneth M. Cameron, Mark W. Chase, W. Mark
Whitten, Paul J. Kores, David C. Jarrell, Victor A. Albert, Tomohisa Yukawa, Harold G. Hills and Douglas H. Goldman. 1999. "A phylogenetic analysis of the Orchidaceae: evidence from rbcL nucleotide sequences".
2387:
1454:
5741:
70 to 80 genera with about 1,000 species; most grow in tropical
America as terrestrials or epiphytes, a few are myco-heterotrophs. Most show pseudobulbs, but a few have reedlike stems or thick underground stems. Blooms have four pollinia.
424:
classification divided
Orchidaceae into five subfamilies: Apostasioideae, Vanilloideae, Cypripedioideae, Orchidoideae, and Epidendroideae. These five subfamilies were all strongly supported as monophyletic groups in subsequent studies.
577:. The flowers are monandrous in the subfamilies Vanilloideae, Orchidoideae, and Epidendroideae. Like many others before him, Dressler believed that the monandrous orchids form a monophyletic group. It is now known that monandry
570:, there are 5 subfamilies, 22 tribes, 70 subtribes, and about 850 genera of orchids. When he published his classification, only about 20,000 species of orchids were known. Several thousand have been described since then.
4651:
About 1,800 species in 100 to 130 genera. Species are either terrestrial or epiphytic, and range throughout global tropical regions. All species have, as a unique feature, a sympodial growth habit and two pollinia.
401:
sequences, the orchid family is a monophyletic group. The subfamilies recognized by
Dressler, however, were not all monophyletic. Dressler's delimitation of subfamilies was contradicted by subsequent
174:
of each genus. It reflects the considerable progress in orchid taxonomy that had been made since
Dressler published his classification in 1993. In the 1990s, orchid taxonomy began to be influenced by
232:, many genera were consolidated, reducing their number to 765, smaller than in any previous modern classification. In 2015, Chase et alii merged even more genera, reducing their number to 736.
8212:, 1st edition, vol. 2, pages 939-954. Holmiae: Impensis Laurentii Salvii (Lars Salvius). (A facsimile with an introduction by William T. Stearn was published by the Ray Society in 1957). (See
8486:
Mark W. Chase, Kenneth M. Cameron, John V. Freudenstein, Alec M. Pridgeon, Gerardo A. Salazar, Cássio van den Berg, and André Schuiteman. 2015. "An updated classification of Orchidaceae".
8843:
9418:
428:
In 2003, the position of Vanilloideae remained equivocal. The subfamilies Orchidoideae and Epidendroideae clearly formed a monophyletic group and Dressler believed that their closest
9413:
1408:. All show a unique development of the single anther: it is incumbent, meaning that it forms a right angle with the column axis or pointed backward in many genera. Most have hard
9540:
9425:
5701:(formerly part of the Epidendreae): about 220 species in four genera. They all show four pollinia. The lip often has mealy hairs called pseudopollen on the upper surface.
9408:
9399:
1087:
2874:
2827:
2810:
2525:
1952:
1787:
9126:
9545:
573:
A distinction between monandrous flowers and others is especially important in the classification of orchids. A monandrous flower is one that has only a single
2645:
9082:
DNA data and Orchidaceae Systematics: A new Phylogenetic Classification by Mark W. Chase, Kenneth M.Cameron, Russell L. Barrett, John V. Freudenstein (2003)
9081:
541:, but usually at the rank of genus or species, that are thought to be closely related. Alliances are designated provisionally and are not recognized in the
8537:
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III",
8736:"Phylogenetic relationships in Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae), one of the great flowering plant radiations: progressive specialization and diversification"
236:
9472:
9242:
6944:: about 30 genera; largely terrestrial; widespread, but absent in sub-Saharan Africa; fascicled roots, dorsal erect anther, inconspicuous staminodia,
637:(Subfamily Spiranthoideae): now accepted as nested within a more broadly defined Orchidoideae as the sub-tribe Spiranthinae of the tribe Cranichideae.
533:) is subdivided into five subfamilies, and then into tribes and subtribes. Groups of closely related genera are sometimes referred to informally as
8787:"Molecular systematics of subtribe Orchidinae and Asian taxa of Habenariinae (Orchideae, Orchidaceae) based on plastid matK, rbcL and nuclear ITS"
5305:(formerly Sarcanthinae): more than 1,000 species in 103 genera, including about 200 hybrid species; occurs mostly in Asia with a few in Africa.
3447:
3365:
3352:
3300:
3258:
3221:
3212:
3194:
3185:
3100:
3048:
2970:
2862:
2853:
2487:
2478:
2121:
1927:
1870:
1861:
1628:
1232:
1221:
1188:
1166:
890:
The subfamily Apostasioideae belongs to the orchid family (Orchidaceae). All well-sampled molecular phylogenetic studies have produced strong
306:. The initial scheme of 1981 was modified in 1986, twice in 1990, and then again in 1993. This comprehensive classification relies heavily on
8465:
8419:
8394:
8356:
8348:
8340:
8332:
8324:
8316:
8687:"On the value of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences for reconstructing the phylogeny of vanilloid orchids (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae)"
646:: monophyletic - includes almost 80% of the orchid species; orchids with an incumbent to suberect (= ascending towards the edges) anther.
548:
The subtribes are formally divided into genera. Some of the genera are divided into subgenera, and some of the subgenera are divided into
959:
of modern orchids. However, more recent studies indicate that many of their differences with the other orchids were not inherited from a
2103:
2094:
2073:
2006:
1961:
8785:
Jin, Wei-Tao; Jin, Xiao-Hua; Schuiteman, André; Li, De-Zhu; Xiang, Xiao-Guo; Huang, Wei-Chang; Li, Jian-Wu & Huang, Lu-Qi (2014).
3416:
9061:
283:
9174:
8829:
WCSP (2012). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet;
8671:
Kenneth M. Cameron. 2011. "Vanilloid Orchids: Systematics and Evolution". pages 1-14. In: Eric Odoux and Michel Grisoni (editors).
658:: monophyletic - an ancient clade now recognized as a distinct subfamily. Their phylogenetic position had long been controversial.
9352:
5870:: largest subtribe with nearly half of the tribe species. The leathery leaves are conduplicate, i.e. folded together lengthwise.
9072:
9050:
2763:: over 1400 species, mostly tropical American epiphytes, in 43 genera. It contains more than 25% (136) of all hybrid genera.
2430:
2148:
207:
An update to that classification was published by Chase et alii in 2015. This classification takes a different approach from
9235:
8372:(Bentham & Hooker, 1883) volume 3, part 2, pages 460-488. L.Reeve & Co.; Williams & Norgate: London, UK. (See
8580:
2649:
81:
940:(= a sterile stamen). Plants with mealy or paste-like pollen, which ordinarily are not aggregated into pellets, called
9462:
9435:
4935:
3756:
3742:
3407:
3134:
2797:
2624:
2615:
2499:
2369:
2332:
2055:
1988:
1918:
1352:
1309:
1212:
929:
649:(Subfamily Higher Epidendroideae (formerly Vandoideae): specialised clade within a more broadly defined Epidendroideae
129:
9450:
3669:
891:
461:
446:
found the closest relative of this pair to be Cypripedioideae, rather than Vanilloideae. This result had only weak
212:
125:
69:
61:
9143:
9137:
9056:
9589:
9535:
9361:
8584:
3713:
3546:
3143:
2687:
2439:
2130:
1888:
1796:
1177:
1133:
921:
471:
In the classification that was published in 2015, the authors expressed doubt about their division of the tribes
264:
2306:
1848:
9584:
9228:
3394:
3084:
2538:
2028:
3318:
3309:
1940:
170:
was published in 6 volumes over 15 years, from 1999 to 2014. It covers all of the known orchids, including a
9380:
6853:
5933:
899:
342:
175:
9202:
9430:
9338:
7759:
4857:: Largest subtribe with nearly 1,000 species within about 56 to 78 genera, found in tropical America, the
3590:
1595:
553:
5239:
9467:
9455:
9445:
9319:
9305:
1732:
1055:
567:
380:
268:
141:
38:
8185:
7730:
This is the largest tribe, containing more than 1,700 species. It has been divided into two subtribes,
5926:
3612:
3535:
1393:
This is the largest subfamily, comprising more than 10,000 species in about 90 to 100 genera. Most are
623:: monophyletic - two fertile diandrous anthers, a shield-shaped staminode and a saccate (= pouch-like)
9564:
6268:
5770:
4827:
4564:
A primitive tribe consisting of three genera and twenty species recently assigned to Epidendroideae.
3680:
3438:
1906:
1750:
450:
379:, but this result never had strong statistical support. It is now known that Orchidaceae is the most
369:
307:
299:
77:
9522:
9373:
9345:
8862:
6370:
6352:
6328:
6147:
6107:
5917:
5747:
3691:
3634:
3524:
2869:
1765:
1591:
1570:
1369:
534:
429:
183:
149:
121:
9018:
8987:
8941:
8900:
6394:
6376:
6322:
4512:
1043:
9477:
9310:
9298:
9275:
9251:
9092:
9024:
8935:
8868:
7553:
7190:
6823:
6628:
6388:
6340:
6316:
6098:
5905:
5386:
4865:. Most are epiphytes, but a few are terrestrials. They usually have short and stout pseudobulbs.
4678:
3641:
3165:
3003:
2991:
2840:
2392:
1616:
1582:
1542:
1300:
1155:
992:
578:
458:
260:
171:
97:
9030:
8999:
8993:
8970:
8964:
8912:
8906:
8874:
6781:
6442:
5809:
5519:
3994:
3623:
2694:
1264:
228:
The number of genera recognized in the family has varied from one classification to another. In
9149:
6436:
6424:
6412:
6382:
6364:
6346:
6310:
955:
These primitive features make them, according to some authorities, not true orchids but rather
157:
9516:
9331:
9131:
9039:
9007:
8976:
8806:
8767:
8716:
8654:
8461:
8415:
8390:
8352:
8344:
8336:
8328:
8320:
8312:
8108:
6931:
6709:
6418:
6406:
6400:
6358:
6334:
5623:
5568:
5561:
5554:
5094:
5087:
5066:
4834:
4396:
3752:
3702:
3557:
3511:
3487:
3429:
3230:
3174:
3015:
2788:
2750:
2741:
2732:
2708:
2636:
2404:
2282:
2255:
2238:
2160:
2112:
2037:
1979:
1970:
1831:
1822:
1717:
1708:
1690:
1678:
1661:
1652:
1604:
1565:
1405:
1144:
1031:
1013:
983:
978:
949:
903:
666:
624:
447:
350:
276:
153:
145:
133:
9214:
7575:
6430:
1510:
1122:
517:
as being in special need of phylogenetic study. The basal epidendroids, especially the tribe
17:
9086:
8947:
8798:
8757:
8747:
8706:
8698:
8644:
8636:
8556:
8546:
8114:
7707:
7673:
7518:
7386:
7339:
6925:
5575:
5540:
5533:
5512:
5498:
5477:
5368:
5337:
5179:
5080:
5059:
4806:
4609:
4582:
3895:
3579:
3568:
3462:
3456:
1726:
1496:
1488:
1477:
1459:
557:
549:
311:
113:
65:
1100:
563:
About 150 species and about a dozen new genera were described each year from 2000 to 2015.
9440:
9366:
9178:
9076:
8918:
8162:
8084:
7800:
7688:
7374:
7091:
6903:
6685:
6643:
6622:
6581:
6463:
5157:
4879:
4781:
4570:
4547:
4105:
4064:
3823:
2961:
2665:
2494:
2046:
1817:
1421:
1286:
1198:
1024:
960:
956:
781:
620:
590:
582:
443:
373:
356:
When Dressler published his classification in 1993, the relationships of orchids to other
216:
137:
109:
9155:
8242:
Olof Swartz. 1800. "Afhandling om Orchidernes Slägter och deras Systematiska indelning".
5547:
5526:
5505:
5038:
5024:
5017:
4841:
4813:
3601:
244:
9171:
9103:
8510:
1759:
9482:
9292:
8953:
8924:
8889:
8762:
8735:
8711:
8686:
8649:
8624:
8120:
8016:
7896:
7854:
7806:
7753:
7660:
7608:
7206:
7197:
7145:
7109:
6865:
6481:
6250:
6201:
6120:
6079:
5698:
5681:
5674:
5617:
5491:
5281:
5269:
5114:
5101:
5073:
5052:
5031:
4820:
4427:
4366:
4357:
4187:
3760:
3383:
3291:
3114:
2703:
2658:
2510:
2421:
1673:
1537:
1432:
1387:
1338:
1279:
884:
805:
733:
643:
605:
586:
538:
248:
222:
101:
9183:
9578:
9166:
8551:
8307:
Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip J. Cribb, Mark W. Chase, and Finn N. Rasmussen. 1999-2014.
8156:
8028:
7986:
7739:
7694:
7468:
7432:
7061:
7025:
7013:
6983:
6829:
6769:
6673:
6602:
6593:
6575:
6519:
6511:
6507:
6472:
6052:
5867:
5665:
5465:
5343:
5245:
5233:
5131:
5010:
5003:
4996:
4917:
4868:
Alliance Oncidium: largest alliance; includes the majority of genera in cultivation.
4707:
4657:
4384:
4375:
4330:
4222:
4142:
4076:
3973:
3949:
3919:
3805:
3799:
3728:
3658:
3482:
3476:
3010:
2896:
2155:
1516:
1482:
1331:
1295:
1207:
1064:
498:
406:
341:, and the certainty (or uncertainty) of conclusions can be quantified by measures of
198:
117:
53:
47:
35:
1049:
211:, by consolidating many of the tribes and subtribes, and by recognizing very widely
8138:
8049:
8004:
7992:
7836:
7824:
7812:
7770:
7735:
7679:
7581:
7569:
7531:
7438:
7401:
7310:
7295:
7232:
7181:
7169:
7163:
7133:
7127:
7001:
6989:
6945:
6941:
6886:
6817:
6727:
6691:
6650:
6551:
6527:
6499:
6455:
6256:
6207:
6126:
6114:
6070:
6022:
5948:
5911:
5875:
5784:
5735:
5718:
5687:
5447:
5331:
5319:
5221:
5185:
5165:
5122:
4897:
4618:
4489:
4439:
4408:
4339:
4321:
4276:
4267:
4258:
4249:
4231:
4204:
4137:
4082:
4033:
4026:
4009:
3937:
3925:
3865:
3841:
3829:
3817:
3737:
3467:
3374:
3327:
3287:
3267:
3239:
3203:
3110:
3057:
3039:
3027:
3022:
2998:
2982:
2957:
2947:
2908:
2892:
2779:
2720:
2631:
2606:
2597:
2583:
2559:
2520:
2264:
2233:
2212:
2186:
2169:
2139:
2015:
1879:
1699:
1647:
1640:
1558:
1347:
1320:
1250:
1172:
1078:
964:
910:
898:
to a clade consisting of the other orchid subfamilies. Bootstraping is a method of
895:
822:
757:
655:
631:
454:
421:
417:
414:
365:
327:
295:
179:
89:
9069:
8883:
8625:"Orchid phylogenomics and multiple drivers of their extraordinary diversification"
5045:
8848:
8802:
8150:
8126:
8090:
8010:
7980:
7974:
7968:
7962:
7926:
7908:
7667:
7627:
7525:
7477:
7414:
7408:
7380:
7361:
7279:
7139:
7115:
7085:
7073:
7055:
7043:
6971:
6965:
6959:
6916:
6871:
6847:
6805:
6763:
6739:
6721:
6659:
6533:
6490:
6293:
6231:
6195:
6138:
6092:
6046:
5899:
5846:
5724:
5641:
5588:
5484:
5441:
5380:
5374:
5349:
5251:
5203:
4971:
4946:
4940:
4873:
4750:
4744:
4674:
4603:
4576:
4534:
4483:
4470:
4303:
4179:
4131:
4048:
4018:
3985:
3907:
3877:
3647:
3389:
3180:
3095:
3034:
2844:
2681:
2549:
2457:
2345:
2292:
1897:
1805:
1623:
1549:
1468:
1243:
1073:
945:
718:
677:
530:
518:
514:
510:
502:
410:
376:
319:
240:
105:
93:
73:
9209:
30:
8786:
8040:
8034:
7956:
7950:
7914:
7872:
7848:
7818:
7788:
7782:
7776:
7731:
7713:
7701:
7633:
7593:
7562:
7540:
7509:
7462:
7456:
7444:
7326:
7301:
7255:
7248:
7213:
7151:
7067:
7031:
6977:
6953:
6841:
6799:
6775:
6715:
6703:
6697:
6679:
6634:
6616:
6610:
6563:
6557:
6274:
6244:
6189:
6183:
6086:
6034:
6010:
5974:
5939:
5887:
5852:
5841:
5823:
5793:
5755:
5706:
5647:
5459:
5453:
5398:
5287:
5275:
5215:
5197:
5139:
4984:
4965:
4854:
4718:
4645:
4591:
4558:
4525:
4519:
4501:
4495:
4433:
4421:
4195:
4161:
4093:
3979:
3955:
3943:
3913:
3901:
3883:
3793:
3787:
3781:
3769:
3506:
3499:
3161:
3152:
3129:
3123:
3064:
2822:
2568:
2386:
2380:
2341:
1836:
1685:
1666:
1453:
1444:
1436:
1401:
1259:
1117:
1035:
968:
662:
506:
493:
398:
387:
161:
4710:: over 400 species, usually terrestrial; Asia, Africa, and tropical America.
186:
of orchids was published in 1999. The first classification that was based on
9500:
9267:
9109:
8099:
8072:
8057:
7944:
7902:
7890:
7884:
7878:
7830:
7794:
7747:
7743:
7724:
7639:
7621:
7615:
7599:
7503:
7485:
7450:
7426:
7420:
7392:
7368:
7350:
7317:
7239:
7103:
7079:
7037:
7019:
7007:
6910:
6894:
6811:
6757:
6667:
6587:
6569:
6539:
6225:
6158:
6132:
6058:
6004:
5998:
5893:
5881:
5835:
5778:
5712:
5659:
5635:
5605:
5599:
5435:
5423:
5410:
5362:
5302:
5293:
5263:
5227:
5191:
4858:
4775:
4756:
4692:
4686:
4665:
4627:
4445:
4312:
4294:
4285:
4213:
4153:
4148:
4120:
4068:
4039:
4003:
3931:
3889:
3859:
3847:
3835:
3811:
3494:
2805:
2768:
2760:
2592:
2464:
2355:
1782:
1611:
1528:
1505:
1425:
1417:
1409:
1315:
1268:
1227:
1128:
1106:
1008:
937:
907:
613:
594:
487:
472:
394:
346:
338:
187:
8810:
8771:
8720:
8658:
8640:
8612:). 735 pages. Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden. printed by Allen Press: USA.
9197:
9161:
9115:
7750:, so a clear assignment of genera to subtribes is currently not possible.
251:
also has lists of genera and species, but no other taxonomic information.
247:) closely follows this source with modifications as they become accepted.
8752:
8702:
8066:
8022:
7998:
7920:
7866:
7860:
7842:
7645:
7491:
7333:
7273:
7267:
7261:
7175:
7049:
6859:
6751:
6745:
6733:
6545:
6262:
6177:
6064:
6040:
6028:
5992:
5968:
5858:
5761:
5629:
5611:
5257:
5173:
4930:
4903:
4891:
4794:
4769:
4731:
4698:
4541:
4055:
3967:
3871:
3775:
3420:
3336:
3079:
2938:
2924:
2903:
2448:
2301:
1947:
1913:
1745:
1413:
1412:, i.e. a mass of waxy pollen or of coherent pollen grains; pollinia with
1397:
1394:
1183:
1150:
1139:
941:
914:
481:
402:
291:
8190:. Leipzig and Vienna: Verlag des Bibliographischen Instituts. p. 74
9045:
9013:
8982:
8959:
8930:
8895:
8561:
8144:
8132:
8078:
7651:
7587:
7497:
7288:
7157:
7121:
7097:
6995:
6877:
6835:
6793:
6787:
6219:
6016:
5986:
5980:
5962:
5956:
5829:
5817:
5800:
5325:
5313:
5209:
5150:
4959:
4885:
4862:
4454:
4415:
4348:
4240:
4168:
4111:
2917:
2774:
2727:
2573:
2534:
2024:
1997:
1577:
1161:
1111:
476:
433:
361:
360:
was still unknown. Some of the first molecular phylogenetic studies of
357:
279:
201:
164:(1986). Dressler's 1993 book had considerable influence on later work.
7938:
7932:
7547:
7224:
6280:
6164:
5653:
5429:
5392:
5156:
Over 1,700 species in more than 130 genera; occurs in tropical Asia,
3961:
3853:
3398:
3277:
3249:
3088:
2977:
2715:
2364:
2319:
2250:
2221:
2207:
2181:
2080:
1843:
1429:
1096:
609:
574:
542:
315:
272:
57:
9220:
9098:
9051:
Afhandling om Orchidernes Slägter och deras Systematiska indelning
8849:
Orchid Tree: a phylogeny of epiphytes (mostly) on the Tree of Life
7752:
6924:
6213:
5591:: about 400 species in 19 genera, tropical Africa and Madagascar.
5404:
5168:: about 300 species in 36 genera; tropical Africa and Madagascar.
4395:
3361:
2929:
2836:
2670:
2469:
2414:
2410:
2385:
2323:
2273:
2085:
2064:
1936:
1758:
1725:
1635:
1554:
1452:
1376:
1048:
1001:
383:
182:. The first molecular phylogenetic study to include a substantial
29:
6662:: 37 genera, about 630 species in Africa, the Americas and Asia.
112:
for the first time. This classification was first presented in a
8460:. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
5951:: about 200 species; epiphytes found in the Western Hemisphere.
4464:
2883:
2310:
2195:
1852:
665:, the interrelationships of these subfamilies can be shown in a
439:
436:
349:
has greatly improved in recent years, the elucidation of orchid
334:
323:
194:
9224:
9121:
8225:
Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. 1789. "ORCHIDEAE" pages 64-66. In:
608:: monophyletic - the most basal of the orchids: three fertile
191:
8830:
634:: monophyletic - one fertile, monandrous, basitonic anther.
552:. All of the genera contain at least one species. A special
52:
has evolved slowly during the last 250 years, starting with
2690:; largest tribe of this subfamily, with over 8,000 species
585:
of Orchidoideae and Epidendroideae. The other subfamilies,
8285:
George Bentham. 1881. page 288. In: "Notes on Orchideae".
6301:
Alliance hybrids: of the 43 hybrids in this tribe, only ×
8673:
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants – Industrial Profiles
497:
is especially problematic. The monophyly of the subtribe
9184:
Native Orchids of Provence (France) French & English
333:
Cladistic analyses, especially those based on molecular
8629:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
902:
for quantifying the statistical support for nodes in a
581:
in the orchids, once in Vanilloideae, and again in the
397:
analyses based on morphological character states or on
215:
genera. As of 2015, Orchidaceae was not yet covered in
8227:
Genera plantarum: secundum ordines naturales disposita
3755:: These species have single leaves, non-pseudobulbous
944:, with two or three fertile long anthers, leaves with
501:
is also in doubt. These authors singled out the tribe
286:. This classification, published in 1981 in the book
96:. He is generally recognized as the father of orchid
8838:
Classification of Orchidaceae in the age of DNA data
7480:: From South America and New Caledonia (Megastylis)
7356:
About 550 species in 39 genera; mainly Australasia.
9558:
9508:
9499:
9391:
9284:
9266:
9259:
8579:Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Orchidaceae" At:
7738:. However, the generic boundaries are unclear, and
6514:and tropical Asia. All subtribes are monophyletic.
936:has two fertile abaxial anthers and a filamentous
8412:Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family
593:, have either three stamens or two stamens and a
521:, remain poorly sampled in phylogenetic studies.
337:, provide a firmer basis for classification than
4677:: about 150 species; epiphytes occurring in the
4597:Formerly placed in the subfamily Spiranthoideae
1404:), but some are terrestrials and even a few are
432:was Vanilloideae. In 2006, a study based on the
88:below). The next step was taken in 1830-1840 by
9087:An updated classification of Orchidaceae (2015)
9063:The Orchids: Natural History and Classification
8387:The Orchids: Natural History and Classification
8368:George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker. 1883.
288:The Orchids: Natural History and Classification
8734:Freudenstein, John V.; Chase, Mark W. (2015).
9236:
9034:(Bentham & Hooker, 1883) volume 3, part 2
8971:The Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants
8913:Antonii Laurentii de Jussieu Genera plantarum
8274:The Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants
8244:Kongliga vetenskaps academiens nya handlingar
932:(= facing away from the stem) anthers, while
8:
8482:
8480:
8478:
8451:
8449:
479:into subtribes. The placement of the genera
8610:Monocots: Comparative Biology and Evolution
8303:
8301:
8299:
5160:, tropical America, Australia, and Africa.
612:, or two fertile anthers and a filamentous
9505:
9281:
9263:
9243:
9229:
9221:
9001:The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany
8287:The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany
4992:Alliance hybrids: over 107 hybrid genera.
600:The following subfamilies are recognized:
237:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
218:The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants
8761:
8751:
8710:
8648:
8560:
8550:
8208:Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné). 1753.
537:. An alliance is a group of taxa, at any
386:in Asparagales, with the astelioid clade
64:recognized the Orchidaceae as a separate
9093:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
8539:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
8488:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1030:6 genera with about 115 species, mostly
225:families had been covered by that time.
8176:
100:. The next important step was taken by
8919:Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de, 1748-1836
8505:
8503:
8791:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
920:The apostasioid orchids are the most
322:structure. Consequently, many of the
7:
9070:rbcL phylogeny of Orchidaceae (1999)
8884:Titles by Carl von Linné (1707-1778)
8276:. Ridgeways, Piccadilly: London, UK.
8263:. Parisiis, ex typographia A. Belin.
4190:(according to Garay & al. 1994)
345:. While our understanding of orchid
8942:De Orchideis Europaeis annotationes
8261:De Orchideis Europaeis annotationes
797:
773:
749:
725:
691:
684:
672:
156:(1966), again Dressler (1981). and
128:. The next great contributors were
8844:History of the taxonomy of orchids
7742:studies show that many genera are
3069:Dressler & W.E. Higgins (2003)
906:(= a treelike diagram showing the
698:Other families in the Asparagales
457:study in 2015, it received strong
25:
9546:Commonly fossilised invertebrates
468:supported by subsequent studies.
284:Florida Museum of Natural History
34:Illustration of "Orchideae" from
9208:
9196:
8840:. Curtis's Bot. Mag. 22(1): 2–7.
8675:. CRC Press: Boca Raton FL, USA.
8552:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
4635:Subfamily Higher Epidendroideae
948:bases, elongated staminode and
924:orchids, with only two genera.
124:in 1883 in the final volume of
8948:Titles by Louis Claude Richard
8414:. Cambridge University Press.
7757:Prairie white fringed orchid (
6522:: occurring in the Neotropics
3763:, deciduous from the pedicel.
76:recognized 25 genera in 1800.
1:
8896:Biodiversity Heritage Library
8511:"The Plant List: Orchidaceae"
4290:Garay, Hamer & Siegerist
235:Useful resources include the
80:provided us in 1817 with the
56:who in 1753 recognized eight
46:taxonomy of the Orchidaceae (
18:Taxonomy of the orchid family
8685:Cameron, Kenneth M. (2009).
8581:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
8389:. Harvard University Press.
8259:Louis Claude Richard. 1817.
4389:Garay, Hamer & Siegerist
4362:Garay, Hamer & Siegerist
4335:Garay, Hamer & Siegerist
4263:Garay, Hamer & Siegerist
894:support for its position as
364:resolved the Orchidaceae as
8803:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.004
8311:. Oxford University Press.
6605:: occurs in the Neotropics
5812:: thin and pleated leaves.
5750:: thin and pleated leaves.
560:between different species.
505:, as well as the subtribes
9606:
8434:American Journal of Botany
8410:Robert L. Dressler. 1993.
8385:Robert L. Dressler. 1981.
9162:Missouri Botanical Garden
8585:Missouri Botanical Garden
8272:John Lindley. 1830-1840.
6929:Nodding ladies' tresses (
6305:is displayed frequently.
819:
802:
795:
778:
771:
754:
747:
730:
723:
696:
689:
682:
290:, was widely accepted by
116:that Bentham read to the
27:Classification of orchids
9172:Taxonomy (in Portuguese)
8289:. 18(110):281-367. (See
5773:: all myco-heterotrophs
5134:: less than 50 species.
5117:: less than 50 species.
4660:: less than 50 species.
971:of apostasioid orchids.
8184:Haeckel, Ernst (1899).
5418:Alliance Trichoglottis
4912:Alliance Trichocentrum
1457:Dragon's mouth orchid (
952:similar to the petals.
310:, especially a few key
176:molecular phylogenetics
82:descriptive terminology
8641:10.1098/rspb.2015.1553
7764:
7760:Platanthera leucophaea
6936:
5308:Alliance Phalaenopsis
4954:Alliance Trichophilia
4478:Alliance Ceratostylis
4403:
2397:
2229:Alliance Plocoglottis
1774:
1737:
1464:
1060:
92:, who recognized four
41:
8187:Kunstformen der Natur
7756:
6928:
6288:Alliance Vargasiella
6172:Alliance Zygopetalum
6150:: about 150 species.
4925:Alliance Comparettia
4739:Alliance Cyrtopodium
4399:
3672:Rhyncholaeliocattleya
2389:
1762:
1733:Arundina graminifolia
1729:
1456:
1056:Cypripedium pubescens
1053:Lady slipper orchid (
1052:
269:Robert Louis Dressler
221:, though most of the
120:in 1881. Then it was
84:of the orchids. (See
39:Kunstformen der Natur
33:
9205:at Wikimedia Commons
9099:Wiley Online Library
8878:first edition (1753)
8309:Genera Orchidacearum
4979:Alliance Lockhartia
4713:Alliance Bromheadia
4272:(Schlechter) Senghas
3716:Sophrolaeliocattleya
3549:Brassolaeliocattleya
1763:Tuberous grasspink (
304:Genera Orchidacearum
263:follows largely the
230:Genera Orchidacearum
209:Genera Orchidacearum
168:Genera Orchidacearum
78:Louis Claude Richard
8836:Chase, M. W. 2005.
8493:(2): 151-174. (See
8458:Orchid Conservation
8439:(2): 208-224. (See
5594:Alliance Angraecum
4764:Alliance Cymbidium
1778:Alliance Calopogon
1766:Calopogon tuberosus
1424:entire or 3-lobed;
928:has three fertile,
529:The orchid family (
343:statistical support
9177:2004-11-22 at the
9075:2010-07-03 at the
8753:10.1093/aob/mcu253
8703:10.1093/aob/mcp024
8635:(1814): 20151553.
7765:
7191:Stenorrhynchidinae
6937:
6889:: tropical Africa
4789:Alliance Dipodium
4726:Alliance Eulophia
4679:Western Hemisphere
4404:
4126:About 100 species
3075:Alliance Barkeria
2818:Alliance Cattleya
2398:
2393:Tipularia discolor
1813:Alliance Calanthe
1775:
1741:Alliance Arundina
1738:
1465:
1450:Over 500 species.
1061:
963:with orchids, but
459:maximum likelihood
453:support, but in a
353:is still ongoing.
318:configuration and
42:
9572:
9571:
9554:
9553:
9536:Cultivated plants
9531:
9530:
9495:
9494:
9201:Media related to
9019:orchids, page 460
8901:Orchideae page 64
8876:Species Plantarum
8466:978-983-812-078-4
8420:978-0-521-45058-4
8395:978-0-674-87525-8
8357:978-0-19-964651-7
8349:978-0-19-850713-0
8341:978-0-19-850712-3
8333:978-0-19-850711-6
8325:978-0-19-850710-9
8317:978-0-19-850513-6
8246:21:115-139. (See
8210:Species Plantarum
8109:Clematepistephium
6932:Spiranthes cernua
5927:Ornithocephalinae
4802:Alliance hybrids
4401:Dendrobium nobile
4390:
4381:
4372:
4363:
4354:
4345:
4336:
4327:
4318:
4309:
4300:
4291:
4282:
4273:
4264:
4255:
4246:
4237:
4228:
4219:
4210:
4201:
4099:Over 900 species
3753:Pleurothallidinae
3745:
3721:
3710:
3699:
3688:
3677:
3666:
3655:
3644:
3631:
3620:
3609:
3598:
3593:Epilaeliocattleya
3587:
3576:
3565:
3554:
3543:
3532:
3521:Alliance hybrids
3514:
3502:
3490:
3470:
3450:
3441:
3432:
3423:
3410:
3401:
3386:
3377:
3368:
3355:
3346:
3339:
3330:
3321:
3312:
3303:
3294:
3280:
3270:
3261:
3252:
3242:
3233:
3224:
3215:
3206:
3197:
3188:
3177:
3168:
3155:
3146:
3137:
3117:
3103:
3091:
3070:
3060:
3051:
3042:
3030:
3018:
3006:
2994:
2985:
2973:
2964:
2950:
2941:
2932:
2920:
2911:
2899:
2886:
2877:
2865:
2856:
2847:
2830:
2813:
2800:
2791:
2782:
2753:
2744:
2735:
2723:
2711:
2673:
2661:
2652:
2639:
2627:
2618:
2609:
2600:
2576:
2555:Over 400 species
2541:
2528:
2502:
2490:
2481:
2472:
2460:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2417:
2390:Cranefly orchid (
2372:
2348:
2335:
2326:
2313:
2285:
2276:
2267:
2258:
2241:
2224:
2215:
2198:
2189:
2172:
2163:
2151:
2142:
2133:
2124:
2115:
2106:
2097:
2088:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2031:
2018:
2009:
2000:
1991:
1982:
1973:
1964:
1955:
1943:
1930:
1921:
1909:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1873:
1864:
1855:
1834:
1825:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1753:
1720:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1681:
1664:
1655:
1643:
1631:
1619:
1607:
1598:
1585:
1573:
1566:Cephalantheropsis
1561:
1545:
1513:
1485:
1406:myco-heterotrophs
1379:
1355:
1323:
1312:
1303:
1271:
1235:
1224:
1215:
1191:
1180:
1169:
1158:
1147:
1136:
1125:
1114:
1103:
1090:
1081:
1016:
1004:
995:
986:
904:phylogenetic tree
879:
878:
870:
869:
861:
860:
852:
851:
843:
842:
834:
833:
707:
706:
667:phylogenetic tree
448:maximum parsimony
420:. In 2003, a new
197:was published by
16:(Redirected from
9597:
9590:Plant taxonomies
9506:
9282:
9264:
9245:
9238:
9231:
9222:
9213:Data related to
9212:
9200:
9160:
9154:
9148:
9142:
9136:
9120:
9114:
9108:
9097:
9091:
9055:
9044:
9038:
9032:Genera Plantarum
9029:
9023:
9012:
9006:
8998:
8992:
8981:
8975:
8969:
8958:
8952:
8946:
8940:
8929:
8923:
8917:
8911:
8905:
8894:
8888:
8882:
8873:
8867:
8815:
8814:
8782:
8776:
8775:
8765:
8755:
8740:Annals of Botany
8731:
8725:
8724:
8714:
8691:Annals of Botany
8682:
8676:
8669:
8663:
8662:
8652:
8619:
8613:
8598:
8592:
8577:
8571:
8565:
8564:
8554:
8534:
8528:
8522:
8520:
8518:
8507:
8498:
8484:
8473:
8453:
8444:
8429:
8423:
8408:
8402:
8383:
8377:
8370:Genera Plantarum
8366:
8360:
8305:
8294:
8283:
8277:
8270:
8264:
8257:
8251:
8240:
8234:
8223:
8217:
8206:
8200:
8199:
8197:
8195:
8181:
7519:Cryptostylidinae
7387:Stigmatodactylus
6239:Alliance Bollea
6153:Alliance Warrea
5338:Paraphalaenopsis
5180:Ancistrorhynchus
4388:
4379:
4370:
4361:
4352:
4343:
4334:
4325:
4316:
4307:
4298:
4289:
4280:
4271:
4262:
4253:
4244:
4235:
4226:
4217:
4208:
4199:
3741:
3719:
3708:
3697:
3686:
3675:
3664:
3653:
3640:
3629:
3618:
3615:Laeliocatarthron
3607:
3596:
3585:
3574:
3563:
3552:
3541:
3538:Brassoepidendrum
3530:
3510:
3498:
3486:
3466:
3446:
3437:
3428:
3415:
3406:
3393:
3382:
3373:
3360:
3351:
3344:
3335:
3326:
3317:
3308:
3299:
3285:
3275:
3266:
3257:
3247:
3238:
3229:
3220:
3211:
3202:
3193:
3184:
3173:
3160:
3151:
3142:
3133:
3108:
3099:
3083:
3068:
3056:
3047:
3038:
3026:
3014:
3002:
2990:
2981:
2969:
2955:
2946:
2937:
2928:
2916:
2907:
2891:
2882:
2873:
2861:
2852:
2835:
2826:
2809:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2749:
2740:
2731:
2719:
2707:
2669:
2657:
2644:
2635:
2623:
2614:
2605:
2596:
2572:
2533:
2524:
2498:
2486:
2477:
2468:
2456:
2447:
2438:
2429:
2408:
2368:
2340:
2331:
2318:
2305:
2281:
2272:
2263:
2254:
2246:Alliance Tainia
2237:
2220:
2211:
2203:Alliance Chysis
2194:
2185:
2177:Alliance Coelia
2168:
2159:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2120:
2111:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2072:
2063:
2054:
2045:
2036:
2023:
2014:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1935:
1926:
1917:
1905:
1896:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1847:
1830:
1821:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1749:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1677:
1660:
1651:
1639:
1627:
1615:
1603:
1590:
1581:
1569:
1553:
1541:
1509:
1481:
1460:Arethusa bulbosa
1375:
1351:
1319:
1308:
1299:
1263:
1231:
1220:
1211:
1187:
1176:
1165:
1154:
1143:
1132:
1121:
1110:
1095:
1086:
1077:
1012:
1000:
991:
982:
798:
774:
750:
726:
692:
685:
673:
556:is used to name
126:Genera Plantarum
70:Genera Plantarum
21:
9605:
9604:
9600:
9599:
9598:
9596:
9595:
9594:
9585:Orchid taxonomy
9575:
9574:
9573:
9568:
9550:
9527:
9491:
9387:
9354:B. integrifolia
9280:
9255:
9249:
9193:
9188:
9179:Wayback Machine
9158:
9152:
9146:
9140:
9134:
9118:
9112:
9106:
9095:
9089:
9077:Wayback Machine
9053:
9042:
9036:
9027:
9021:
9010:
9004:
8996:
8990:
8979:
8973:
8967:
8956:
8950:
8944:
8938:
8927:
8921:
8915:
8909:
8903:
8892:
8886:
8880:
8871:
8865:
8858:
8853:
8825:
8820:
8819:
8818:
8784:
8783:
8779:
8733:
8732:
8728:
8684:
8683:
8679:
8670:
8666:
8621:
8620:
8616:
8599:
8595:
8578:
8574:
8536:
8535:
8531:
8516:
8514:
8509:
8508:
8501:
8485:
8476:
8454:
8447:
8430:
8426:
8409:
8405:
8384:
8380:
8367:
8363:
8306:
8297:
8284:
8280:
8271:
8267:
8258:
8254:
8241:
8237:
8224:
8220:
8207:
8203:
8193:
8191:
8183:
8182:
8178:
8172:
8121:Dictyophyllaria
8103:
8061:
8053:
7728:
7689:Pterostylidinae
7354:
7228:
7092:Odontorrhynchus
6904:Pterostylidinae
6854:Rhamphorhynchus
6686:Chamaegastrodia
6644:Galeottiellinae
6623:Porphyrostachys
6582:Pseudocranichis
6503:
6485:
6467:
6464:Diceratosteleae
6459:
5934:Ornithocephalus
5771:Corallorhizinae
5739:
5357:Alliance Vanda
5158:Pacific Islands
5154:
4830:Eulocymbidiella
4782:Grammatophyllum
4649:
4637:
4622:
4595:
4571:Monophyllorchis
4562:
4548:Rhynchophreatia
4183:
4124:
4097:
4065:Rhizanthellinae
4022:
3998:
3683:Schombocattleya
3404:Pseudepidendrum
3322:(nom. inval.),
3313:(nom. inval.),
3306:Microepidendrum
2685:
2553:
2514:
2495:Wullschlaegelia
2384:
1828:Acanthophippium
1818:Acanthophippium
1730:Bamboo orchid (
1448:
1391:
1364:
1335:
1287:Phragmipediinae
1283:
1247:
1199:Paphiopedilinae
1047:
1028:
1025:Cypripedioideae
961:common ancestor
911:diversification
888:
880:
871:
862:
853:
844:
835:
782:Cypripedioideae
708:
621:Cypripedioideae
591:Cypripedioideae
583:common ancestor
527:
370:astelioid clade
275:specialist and
257:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9603:
9601:
9593:
9592:
9587:
9577:
9576:
9570:
9569:
9567:
9562:
9560:
9556:
9555:
9552:
9551:
9549:
9548:
9543:
9538:
9532:
9529:
9528:
9526:
9525:
9520:
9512:
9510:
9503:
9497:
9496:
9493:
9492:
9490:
9489:
9488:
9487:
9480:
9470:
9465:
9460:
9453:
9448:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9428:
9423:
9422:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9403:
9395:
9393:
9389:
9388:
9386:
9385:
9378:
9371:
9364:
9359:
9358:
9357:
9343:
9336:
9329:
9324:
9317:
9316:
9315:
9303:
9296:
9288:
9286:
9279:
9278:
9272:
9270:
9261:
9257:
9256:
9250:
9248:
9247:
9240:
9233:
9225:
9219:
9218:
9217:at Wikispecies
9206:
9192:
9191:External links
9189:
9187:
9186:
9181:
9169:
9164:
9129:
9124:
9122:The Plant List
9101:
9084:
9079:
9067:
9059:
9048:
9016:
8985:
8962:
8933:
8898:
8859:
8857:
8856:External links
8854:
8852:
8851:
8846:
8841:
8834:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8817:
8816:
8777:
8746:(4): 665–681.
8726:
8697:(3): 377–385.
8677:
8664:
8614:
8593:
8589:External links
8587:Website. (see
8572:
8568:External links
8545:(2): 105–121,
8529:
8525:External links
8499:
8495:External links
8474:
8470:External links
8445:
8441:External links
8424:
8403:
8399:External links
8378:
8374:External links
8361:
8295:
8291:External links
8278:
8265:
8252:
8248:External links
8235:
8231:External links
8218:
8214:External links
8201:
8175:
8174:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8167:
8166:
8102:
8096:
8095:
8094:
8060:
8054:
8052:
8046:
8045:
8044:
8017:Symphyosepalum
7897:Himantoglossum
7855:Dracomonticola
7807:Brachycorythis
7727:
7721:
7720:
7719:
7718:
7717:
7691:
7685:
7684:
7683:
7661:Prasophyllinae
7657:
7656:
7655:
7609:Megastylidinae
7605:
7604:
7603:
7559:
7558:
7557:
7537:
7536:
7535:
7515:
7514:
7513:
7474:
7473:
7472:
7398:
7397:
7396:
7353:
7347:
7346:
7345:
7344:
7343:
7323:
7322:
7321:
7307:
7306:
7305:
7285:
7284:
7283:
7245:
7244:
7243:
7227:
7221:
7220:
7219:
7218:
7217:
7207:Cyclopogoninae
7203:
7202:
7201:
7198:Stenorrhynchos
7187:
7186:
7185:
7146:Skeptrostachys
7110:Pseudogoodyera
6923:
6922:
6921:
6920:
6900:
6899:
6898:
6883:
6882:
6881:
6866:Stephanothelys
6656:
6655:
6654:
6640:
6639:
6638:
6599:
6598:
6597:
6502:
6496:
6495:
6494:
6484:
6482:Codonorchideae
6478:
6477:
6476:
6466:
6460:
6458:
6452:
6451:
6450:
6449:
6448:
6447:
6446:
6299:
6298:
6297:
6286:
6285:
6284:
6251:Chondrorhyncha
6237:
6236:
6235:
6202:Chondrorhyncha
6170:
6169:
6168:
6144:
6143:
6142:
6121:Hofmeisterella
6104:
6103:
6102:
6080:Coeliopsidinae
6076:
6075:
6074:
5945:
5944:
5943:
5923:
5922:
5921:
5864:
5863:
5862:
5806:
5805:
5804:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5767:
5766:
5765:
5738:
5732:
5731:
5730:
5729:
5728:
5699:Polystachyinae
5695:
5694:
5693:
5692:
5691:
5682:Campylocentrum
5675:Campylocentrum
5671:
5670:
5669:
5618:Calyptrochilum
5585:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5581:
5471:
5470:
5469:
5416:
5415:
5414:
5355:
5354:
5353:
5299:
5298:
5297:
5282:Sphyrarhynchus
5270:Rhipidoglossum
5153:
5147:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5115:Pachyphyllinae
5111:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5107:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4977:
4976:
4975:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4787:
4786:
4785:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4648:
4642:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4613:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4531:
4530:
4529:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4459:Alliance Eria
4451:
4450:
4449:
4428:Diplocaulobium
4394:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4367:Tapeinoglossum
4358:Synarmosepalum
4188:Bulbophyllinae
4182:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4067:(sometimes in
4061:
4060:
4059:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4013:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3759:, articulated
3749:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3711:
3700:
3694:Sophrocattleya
3689:
3678:
3667:
3656:
3645:
3637:Laeliocattleya
3632:
3621:
3610:
3599:
3588:
3577:
3566:
3555:
3544:
3533:
3527:Brassocattleya
3518:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3503:
3491:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3092:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3061:
3031:
3019:
3007:
2995:
2974:
2921:
2900:
2866:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2802:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2724:
2712:
2704:Agrostophyllum
2684:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2662:
2628:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2531:Orchidofunckia
2513:
2511:Cryptarrheneae
2507:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2491:
2461:
2418:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2152:
2077:
1944:
1910:
1840:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1682:
1674:Nephelaphyllum
1670:
1644:
1632:
1620:
1608:
1574:
1562:
1546:
1538:Ancistrochilus
1525:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1514:
1502:
1494:
1486:
1447:
1441:
1400:(usually with
1390:
1388:Epidendroideae
1384:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1372:Phragmipaphium
1363:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1339:Selenipediinae
1334:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1306:Phragmopedilum
1282:
1280:Phragmipedieae
1276:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1046:
1040:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1005:
887:
885:Apostasioideae
881:
877:
876:
873:
872:
868:
867:
864:
863:
859:
858:
855:
854:
850:
849:
846:
845:
841:
840:
837:
836:
832:
831:
828:
827:
818:
815:
814:
811:
810:
806:Epidendroideae
801:
796:
794:
791:
790:
787:
786:
777:
772:
770:
767:
766:
763:
762:
753:
748:
746:
743:
742:
739:
738:
734:Apostasioideae
729:
724:
722:
714:
713:
710:
709:
705:
704:
701:
700:
695:
690:
688:
683:
681:
671:
660:
659:
652:
651:
650:
644:Epidendroideae
640:
639:
638:
628:
617:
606:Apostasioideae
587:Apostasioideae
539:taxonomic rank
526:
523:
265:classification
259:The following
256:
253:
249:The Plant List
223:vascular plant
152:(1960, 1972),
108:, recognizing
106:classification
102:George Bentham
86:External links
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9602:
9591:
9588:
9586:
9583:
9582:
9580:
9566:
9563:
9561:
9557:
9547:
9544:
9542:
9541:Invertebrates
9539:
9537:
9534:
9533:
9524:
9521:
9519:
9518:
9514:
9513:
9511:
9507:
9504:
9502:
9498:
9486:
9485:
9481:
9479:
9476:
9475:
9474:
9471:
9469:
9466:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9458:
9454:
9452:
9449:
9447:
9444:
9442:
9439:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9424:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9406:
9404:
9402:
9401:
9397:
9396:
9394:
9390:
9384:
9383:
9379:
9377:
9376:
9372:
9370:
9369:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9356:
9355:
9351:
9350:
9349:
9348:
9344:
9342:
9341:
9337:
9335:
9334:
9330:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9322:
9318:
9314:
9313:
9309:
9308:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9301:
9297:
9295:
9294:
9290:
9289:
9287:
9283:
9277:
9274:
9273:
9271:
9269:
9265:
9262:
9258:
9253:
9246:
9241:
9239:
9234:
9232:
9227:
9226:
9223:
9216:
9211:
9207:
9204:
9199:
9195:
9194:
9190:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9176:
9173:
9170:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9157:
9151:
9145:
9139:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9117:
9111:
9105:
9102:
9100:
9094:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9074:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9064:
9060:
9058:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9041:
9035:
9033:
9026:
9020:
9017:
9015:
9009:
9003:
9002:
8995:
8989:
8986:
8984:
8978:
8972:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8955:
8949:
8943:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8926:
8920:
8914:
8908:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8891:
8885:
8879:
8877:
8870:
8864:
8861:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8839:
8835:
8832:
8828:
8827:
8822:
8812:
8808:
8804:
8800:
8796:
8792:
8788:
8781:
8778:
8773:
8769:
8764:
8759:
8754:
8749:
8745:
8741:
8737:
8730:
8727:
8722:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8704:
8700:
8696:
8692:
8688:
8681:
8678:
8674:
8668:
8665:
8660:
8656:
8651:
8646:
8642:
8638:
8634:
8630:
8626:
8618:
8615:
8611:
8607:
8604:
8597:
8594:
8590:
8586:
8582:
8576:
8573:
8569:
8563:
8558:
8553:
8548:
8544:
8540:
8533:
8530:
8526:
8512:
8506:
8504:
8500:
8496:
8492:
8489:
8483:
8481:
8479:
8475:
8471:
8467:
8463:
8459:
8452:
8450:
8446:
8442:
8438:
8435:
8428:
8425:
8421:
8417:
8413:
8407:
8404:
8400:
8396:
8392:
8388:
8382:
8379:
8375:
8371:
8365:
8362:
8358:
8354:
8350:
8346:
8342:
8338:
8334:
8330:
8326:
8322:
8318:
8314:
8310:
8304:
8302:
8300:
8296:
8292:
8288:
8282:
8279:
8275:
8269:
8266:
8262:
8256:
8253:
8249:
8245:
8239:
8236:
8232:
8228:
8222:
8219:
8215:
8211:
8205:
8202:
8189:
8188:
8180:
8177:
8169:
8165:
8164:
8159:
8158:
8157:Pseudovanilla
8153:
8152:
8147:
8146:
8141:
8140:
8135:
8134:
8129:
8128:
8123:
8122:
8117:
8116:
8111:
8110:
8105:
8104:
8101:
8097:
8093:
8092:
8087:
8086:
8081:
8080:
8075:
8074:
8069:
8068:
8063:
8062:
8059:
8055:
8051:
8047:
8043:
8042:
8037:
8036:
8031:
8030:
8029:Traunsteinera
8025:
8024:
8019:
8018:
8013:
8012:
8007:
8006:
8001:
8000:
7995:
7994:
7989:
7988:
7987:Roeperocharis
7983:
7982:
7977:
7976:
7971:
7970:
7965:
7964:
7959:
7958:
7953:
7952:
7947:
7946:
7941:
7940:
7935:
7934:
7929:
7928:
7923:
7922:
7917:
7916:
7911:
7910:
7905:
7904:
7899:
7898:
7893:
7892:
7887:
7886:
7881:
7880:
7875:
7874:
7869:
7868:
7863:
7862:
7857:
7856:
7851:
7850:
7845:
7844:
7839:
7838:
7833:
7832:
7827:
7826:
7821:
7820:
7815:
7814:
7809:
7808:
7803:
7802:
7797:
7796:
7791:
7790:
7785:
7784:
7779:
7778:
7773:
7772:
7767:
7766:
7762:
7761:
7755:
7751:
7749:
7745:
7741:
7737:
7733:
7726:
7722:
7716:
7715:
7710:
7709:
7704:
7703:
7698:
7697:
7696:
7695:Thelymitrinae
7692:
7690:
7686:
7682:
7681:
7676:
7675:
7670:
7669:
7664:
7663:
7662:
7658:
7654:
7653:
7648:
7647:
7642:
7641:
7636:
7635:
7630:
7629:
7624:
7623:
7618:
7617:
7612:
7611:
7610:
7606:
7602:
7601:
7596:
7595:
7590:
7589:
7584:
7583:
7578:
7577:
7572:
7571:
7566:
7565:
7564:
7560:
7556:
7555:
7550:
7549:
7544:
7543:
7542:
7538:
7534:
7533:
7528:
7527:
7522:
7521:
7520:
7516:
7512:
7511:
7506:
7505:
7500:
7499:
7494:
7493:
7488:
7487:
7482:
7481:
7479:
7475:
7471:
7470:
7469:Praecoxanthus
7465:
7464:
7459:
7458:
7453:
7452:
7447:
7446:
7441:
7440:
7435:
7434:
7433:Elythranthera
7429:
7428:
7423:
7422:
7417:
7416:
7411:
7410:
7405:
7404:
7403:
7399:
7395:
7394:
7389:
7388:
7383:
7382:
7377:
7376:
7371:
7370:
7365:
7364:
7363:
7359:
7358:
7357:
7352:
7348:
7342:
7341:
7336:
7335:
7330:
7329:
7328:
7324:
7320:
7319:
7314:
7313:
7312:
7308:
7304:
7303:
7298:
7297:
7292:
7291:
7290:
7286:
7282:
7281:
7276:
7275:
7270:
7269:
7264:
7263:
7258:
7257:
7252:
7251:
7250:
7246:
7242:
7241:
7236:
7235:
7234:
7230:
7229:
7226:
7222:
7216:
7215:
7210:
7209:
7208:
7204:
7200:
7199:
7194:
7193:
7192:
7188:
7184:
7183:
7178:
7177:
7172:
7171:
7166:
7165:
7160:
7159:
7154:
7153:
7148:
7147:
7142:
7141:
7136:
7135:
7130:
7129:
7124:
7123:
7118:
7117:
7112:
7111:
7106:
7105:
7100:
7099:
7094:
7093:
7088:
7087:
7082:
7081:
7076:
7075:
7070:
7069:
7064:
7063:
7062:Lankesterella
7058:
7057:
7052:
7051:
7046:
7045:
7040:
7039:
7034:
7033:
7028:
7027:
7026:Eltroplectris
7022:
7021:
7016:
7015:
7014:Dichromanthus
7010:
7009:
7004:
7003:
6998:
6997:
6992:
6991:
6986:
6985:
6984:Coccineorchis
6980:
6979:
6974:
6973:
6968:
6967:
6962:
6961:
6956:
6955:
6950:
6949:
6947:
6943:
6939:
6938:
6934:
6933:
6927:
6919:
6918:
6913:
6912:
6907:
6906:
6905:
6901:
6897:
6896:
6891:
6890:
6888:
6884:
6880:
6879:
6874:
6873:
6868:
6867:
6862:
6861:
6856:
6855:
6850:
6849:
6844:
6843:
6838:
6837:
6832:
6831:
6830:Pachyplectron
6826:
6825:
6820:
6819:
6814:
6813:
6808:
6807:
6802:
6801:
6796:
6795:
6790:
6789:
6784:
6783:
6778:
6777:
6772:
6771:
6770:Kuhlhasseltia
6766:
6765:
6760:
6759:
6754:
6753:
6748:
6747:
6742:
6741:
6736:
6735:
6730:
6729:
6724:
6723:
6718:
6717:
6712:
6711:
6706:
6705:
6700:
6699:
6694:
6693:
6688:
6687:
6682:
6681:
6676:
6675:
6674:Anoectochilus
6670:
6669:
6664:
6663:
6661:
6657:
6653:
6652:
6647:
6646:
6645:
6641:
6637:
6636:
6631:
6630:
6625:
6624:
6619:
6618:
6613:
6612:
6607:
6606:
6604:
6603:Prescottiinae
6600:
6596:
6595:
6594:Solenocentrum
6590:
6589:
6584:
6583:
6578:
6577:
6576:Pseudocentrum
6572:
6571:
6566:
6565:
6560:
6559:
6554:
6553:
6548:
6547:
6542:
6541:
6536:
6535:
6530:
6529:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6520:Cranichidinae
6517:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6512:South America
6509:
6501:
6497:
6493:
6492:
6487:
6486:
6483:
6479:
6475:
6474:
6473:Diceratostele
6469:
6468:
6465:
6461:
6457:
6453:
6445:
6444:
6439:
6438:
6433:
6432:
6427:
6426:
6421:
6420:
6415:
6414:
6409:
6408:
6403:
6402:
6397:
6396:
6391:
6390:
6385:
6384:
6379:
6378:
6373:
6372:
6371:Hamelwellsara
6367:
6366:
6361:
6360:
6355:
6354:
6353:Cochlepetalum
6349:
6348:
6343:
6342:
6337:
6336:
6331:
6330:
6329:Chondrobollea
6325:
6324:
6319:
6318:
6313:
6312:
6307:
6306:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6295:
6290:
6289:
6287:
6283:
6282:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6270:
6265:
6264:
6259:
6258:
6253:
6252:
6247:
6246:
6241:
6240:
6238:
6234:
6233:
6228:
6227:
6222:
6221:
6216:
6215:
6210:
6209:
6204:
6203:
6198:
6197:
6192:
6191:
6186:
6185:
6180:
6179:
6174:
6173:
6171:
6167:
6166:
6161:
6160:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6148:Zygopetilinae
6145:
6141:
6140:
6135:
6134:
6129:
6128:
6123:
6122:
6117:
6116:
6111:
6110:
6109:
6108:Telipogoninae
6105:
6101:
6100:
6095:
6094:
6089:
6088:
6083:
6082:
6081:
6077:
6073:
6072:
6067:
6066:
6061:
6060:
6055:
6054:
6053:Soterosanthus
6049:
6048:
6043:
6042:
6037:
6036:
6031:
6030:
6025:
6024:
6019:
6018:
6013:
6012:
6007:
6006:
6001:
6000:
5995:
5994:
5989:
5988:
5983:
5982:
5977:
5976:
5971:
5970:
5965:
5964:
5959:
5958:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5941:
5936:
5935:
5930:
5929:
5928:
5924:
5920:
5919:
5914:
5913:
5908:
5907:
5902:
5901:
5896:
5895:
5890:
5889:
5884:
5883:
5878:
5877:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5868:Maxillariinae
5865:
5861:
5860:
5855:
5854:
5849:
5848:
5844:
5843:
5838:
5837:
5832:
5831:
5826:
5825:
5820:
5819:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5802:
5797:
5796:
5795:
5791:
5787:
5786:
5781:
5780:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5768:
5764:
5763:
5758:
5757:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5748:Bifrenariinae
5745:
5744:
5743:
5737:
5733:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5720:
5715:
5714:
5709:
5708:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5696:
5690:
5689:
5684:
5683:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5667:
5666:Sobennikoffia
5662:
5661:
5656:
5655:
5650:
5649:
5644:
5643:
5638:
5637:
5632:
5631:
5626:
5625:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5613:
5608:
5607:
5602:
5601:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5586:
5580:
5579:
5573:
5572:
5566:
5565:
5559:
5558:
5552:
5551:
5545:
5544:
5538:
5537:
5531:
5530:
5524:
5523:
5522:Doritaenopsis
5517:
5516:
5510:
5509:
5503:
5502:
5496:
5495:
5489:
5488:
5482:
5481:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5468:
5467:
5466:Trichoglottis
5462:
5461:
5456:
5455:
5450:
5449:
5444:
5443:
5438:
5437:
5432:
5431:
5426:
5425:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5413:
5412:
5407:
5406:
5401:
5400:
5395:
5394:
5389:
5388:
5383:
5382:
5377:
5376:
5371:
5370:
5365:
5364:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5352:
5351:
5346:
5345:
5344:Rhynchostylis
5340:
5339:
5334:
5333:
5328:
5327:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5315:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5295:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5265:
5260:
5259:
5254:
5253:
5248:
5247:
5246:Microterangis
5242:
5241:
5236:
5235:
5234:Listrostachys
5230:
5229:
5224:
5223:
5218:
5217:
5212:
5211:
5206:
5205:
5200:
5199:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5187:
5182:
5181:
5176:
5175:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5152:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5132:Thecostelinae
5129:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5099:
5098:
5092:
5091:
5085:
5084:
5078:
5077:
5071:
5070:
5064:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5050:
5049:
5043:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5022:
5021:
5015:
5014:
5008:
5007:
5001:
5000:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4973:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4942:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4920:
4919:
4918:Trichocentrum
4914:
4913:
4911:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4893:
4888:
4887:
4882:
4881:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4846:
4845:
4839:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4825:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4796:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4752:
4747:
4746:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4708:Cyrtopodiinae
4705:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4658:Acriopsidinae
4655:
4654:
4653:
4647:
4643:
4641:
4634:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4623:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4572:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4560:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4527:
4522:
4521:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4485:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4472:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4441:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4429:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4405:
4402:
4398:
4387:
4386:
4385:Vesicisepalum
4378:
4377:
4369:
4368:
4360:
4359:
4351:
4350:
4342:
4341:
4333:
4332:
4331:Rhytionanthos
4324:
4323:
4315:
4314:
4306:
4305:
4297:
4296:
4288:
4287:
4279:
4278:
4270:
4269:
4261:
4260:
4252:
4251:
4243:
4242:
4234:
4233:
4225:
4224:
4223:Cirrhopetalum
4216:
4215:
4207:
4206:
4198:
4197:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4144:
4143:Cephalanthera
4139:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4078:
4077:Cryptanthemis
4073:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4011:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3975:
3974:Trichosalpinx
3970:
3969:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3951:
3950:Scaphosepalum
3946:
3945:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3921:
3920:Pleurothallis
3916:
3915:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3807:
3806:Chamelophyton
3802:
3801:
3800:Brachionidium
3796:
3795:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3729:Meiracyllinae
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3627:
3626:Laeliocatonia
3622:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3483:Neocogniauxia
3480:
3479:
3478:
3477:Neocogniauxia
3474:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3409:
3405:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3358:Phadrosanthus
3354:
3350:
3343:
3342:Neowilliamsia
3338:
3334:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3316:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3298:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3265:
3260:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3245:Epidendropsis
3241:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3223:
3219:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3145:
3141:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3116:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3011:Rhyncholaelia
3008:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2963:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2739:
2738:Ischnocentrum
2734:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2689:
2683:
2679:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2316:Cyathoglottis
2312:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2218:Thorvaldsenia
2214:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2192:Bothriochilus
2188:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2156:Spathoglottis
2153:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2021:Ghiesbreghtia
2017:
2013:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1761:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1728:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1588:Neotainiopsis
1584:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1462:
1461:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1440:
1439:or spiraling
1438:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1332:Selenipedieae
1329:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1296:Phragmipedium
1293:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1208:Paphiopedilum
1205:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1065:Cypripediinae
1058:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1003:
999:
994:
990:
985:
981:
980:
976:
975:
974:
973:
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
953:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
918:
916:
912:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
886:
882:
875:
874:
866:
865:
857:
856:
848:
847:
839:
838:
830:
829:
826:
825:
824:
817:
816:
813:
812:
809:
808:
807:
800:
799:
793:
792:
789:
788:
785:
784:
783:
776:
775:
769:
768:
765:
764:
761:
760:
759:
752:
751:
745:
744:
741:
740:
737:
736:
735:
728:
727:
721:
720:
716:
715:
712:
711:
703:
702:
699:
694:
693:
687:
686:
680:
679:
675:
674:
670:
668:
664:
663:Cladistically
657:
653:
648:
647:
645:
641:
636:
635:
633:
629:
626:
622:
618:
615:
611:
607:
603:
602:
601:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
571:
569:
566:According to
564:
561:
559:
555:
551:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
524:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
499:Cranichidinae
496:
495:
490:
489:
484:
483:
478:
474:
469:
465:
463:
460:
456:
452:
449:
445:
441:
438:
435:
431:
426:
423:
419:
418:DNA sequences
416:
412:
408:
407:mitochondrial
404:
400:
396:
393:According to
391:
389:
385:
382:
378:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
352:
351:relationships
348:
344:
340:
336:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
254:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
233:
231:
226:
224:
220:
219:
214:
213:circumscribed
210:
205:
203:
200:
196:
193:
189:
185:
181:
180:DNA sequences
177:
173:
169:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
118:Royal Society
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
54:Carl Linnaeus
51:
49:
48:orchid family
40:
37:
32:
19:
9515:
9501:Polyphyletic
9484:Homo sapiens
9483:
9456:
9398:
9381:
9374:
9367:
9353:
9346:
9339:
9332:
9326:
9320:
9311:
9299:
9291:
9268:Monophyletic
9167:Useful links
9062:
9031:
9000:
8875:
8837:
8823:Bibliography
8794:
8790:
8780:
8743:
8739:
8729:
8694:
8690:
8680:
8672:
8667:
8632:
8628:
8617:
8609:
8605:
8602:
8596:
8588:
8575:
8567:
8542:
8538:
8532:
8524:
8515:. Retrieved
8494:
8490:
8487:
8469:
8457:
8440:
8436:
8433:
8427:
8411:
8406:
8398:
8386:
8381:
8373:
8369:
8364:
8351:(volume 5),
8343:(volume 4),
8335:(volume 3),
8327:(volume 2),
8319:(volume 1),
8308:
8290:
8286:
8281:
8273:
8268:
8260:
8255:
8247:
8243:
8238:
8230:
8226:
8221:
8213:
8209:
8204:
8192:. Retrieved
8186:
8179:
8161:
8155:
8149:
8143:
8139:Erythrorchis
8137:
8131:
8125:
8119:
8113:
8107:
8089:
8083:
8077:
8071:
8065:
8050:Vanilloideae
8039:
8033:
8027:
8021:
8015:
8009:
8005:Stenoglottis
8003:
7997:
7993:Schizochilus
7991:
7985:
7979:
7973:
7967:
7961:
7955:
7949:
7943:
7937:
7931:
7925:
7919:
7913:
7907:
7901:
7895:
7889:
7883:
7877:
7871:
7865:
7859:
7853:
7847:
7841:
7837:Dactylorhiza
7835:
7829:
7825:Chondradenia
7823:
7817:
7813:Centrostigma
7811:
7805:
7799:
7793:
7787:
7781:
7775:
7771:Aceratorchis
7769:
7758:
7748:polyphyletic
7744:paraphyletic
7740:phylogenetic
7736:Habenariinae
7729:
7712:
7706:
7700:
7680:Prasophyllum
7678:
7672:
7666:
7650:
7644:
7638:
7632:
7626:
7620:
7614:
7598:
7592:
7586:
7582:Chiloglottis
7580:
7574:
7570:Arthrochilus
7568:
7552:
7546:
7532:Cryptostylis
7530:
7524:
7508:
7502:
7496:
7490:
7484:
7467:
7461:
7455:
7449:
7443:
7439:Ericksonella
7437:
7431:
7425:
7419:
7413:
7407:
7402:Caladeniinae
7391:
7385:
7379:
7373:
7367:
7355:
7338:
7332:
7316:
7311:Huttonaeinae
7300:
7294:
7278:
7272:
7266:
7260:
7254:
7238:
7233:Brownleeinae
7212:
7196:
7182:Wallnoeferia
7180:
7174:
7170:Thelyschista
7168:
7164:Svenkoeltzia
7162:
7156:
7150:
7144:
7138:
7134:Sauroglossum
7132:
7128:Sarcoglottis
7126:
7120:
7114:
7108:
7102:
7096:
7090:
7084:
7078:
7072:
7066:
7060:
7054:
7048:
7042:
7036:
7030:
7024:
7018:
7012:
7006:
7002:Degranvillea
7000:
6994:
6990:Cotylolabium
6988:
6982:
6976:
6970:
6964:
6958:
6952:
6942:Spiranthinae
6930:
6915:
6909:
6893:
6887:Manniellinae
6876:
6870:
6864:
6858:
6852:
6846:
6840:
6834:
6828:
6822:
6818:Odontochilus
6816:
6810:
6804:
6798:
6792:
6786:
6780:
6774:
6768:
6762:
6756:
6750:
6744:
6738:
6732:
6728:Gonatostylis
6726:
6720:
6714:
6708:
6702:
6696:
6692:Cheirostylis
6690:
6684:
6678:
6672:
6666:
6651:Galeottiella
6649:
6633:
6627:
6621:
6615:
6609:
6592:
6586:
6580:
6574:
6568:
6562:
6556:
6552:Fuertesiella
6550:
6544:
6538:
6532:
6528:Altensteinia
6526:
6504:
6500:Cranichideae
6489:
6471:
6456:Orchidoideae
6441:
6435:
6429:
6423:
6417:
6411:
6405:
6399:
6395:Lancebirkara
6393:
6387:
6381:
6377:Huntleanthes
6375:
6369:
6363:
6357:
6351:
6345:
6339:
6333:
6327:
6323:Bollopetalum
6321:
6315:
6309:
6302:
6292:
6279:
6273:
6269:Kefersteinia
6267:
6261:
6257:Cochleanthes
6255:
6249:
6243:
6230:
6224:
6218:
6212:
6208:Cochleanthes
6206:
6200:
6194:
6188:
6182:
6176:
6163:
6157:
6137:
6131:
6127:Stellilabium
6125:
6119:
6115:Dipterostele
6113:
6097:
6091:
6085:
6071:Vasqueziella
6069:
6063:
6057:
6051:
6045:
6039:
6033:
6027:
6023:Lueddemannia
6021:
6015:
6009:
6003:
5997:
5991:
5985:
5979:
5973:
5967:
5961:
5955:
5949:Stanhopeinae
5938:
5932:
5916:
5912:Sepalosaccus
5910:
5904:
5898:
5892:
5886:
5880:
5876:Chrysocycnis
5874:
5857:
5851:
5845:
5840:
5834:
5828:
5822:
5816:
5799:
5785:Corallorhiza
5783:
5777:
5760:
5754:
5740:
5736:Maxillarieae
5723:
5719:Neobenthamia
5717:
5711:
5705:
5688:Dendrophylax
5686:
5680:
5664:
5658:
5652:
5646:
5640:
5634:
5628:
5622:
5616:
5610:
5604:
5598:
5577:
5571:Vandaenopsis
5570:
5564:Rhynchovanda
5563:
5557:Renanthopsis
5556:
5549:
5542:
5535:
5528:
5521:
5514:
5507:
5500:
5493:
5486:
5479:
5464:
5458:
5452:
5448:Gastrochilus
5446:
5440:
5434:
5428:
5422:
5409:
5403:
5397:
5391:
5385:
5379:
5373:
5367:
5361:
5348:
5342:
5336:
5332:Phalaenopsis
5330:
5324:
5320:Chiloschista
5318:
5312:
5292:
5286:
5280:
5274:
5268:
5262:
5256:
5250:
5244:
5238:
5232:
5226:
5222:Diaphananthe
5220:
5214:
5208:
5202:
5196:
5190:
5186:Angraecopsis
5184:
5178:
5172:
5166:Aerangidinae
5155:
5138:
5123:Pachyphyllum
5121:
5103:
5097:Vuylstekeara
5096:
5090:Trichocidium
5089:
5082:
5075:
5069:Odontocidium
5068:
5061:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5033:
5026:
5019:
5012:
5005:
4998:
4983:
4970:
4964:
4958:
4945:
4939:
4929:
4916:
4902:
4898:Miltoniopsis
4896:
4890:
4884:
4878:
4872:
4843:
4837:Galeansellia
4836:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4793:
4780:
4774:
4768:
4755:
4749:
4743:
4730:
4717:
4697:
4691:
4685:
4664:
4650:
4638:
4626:
4619:Xerorchideae
4608:
4602:
4596:
4581:
4575:
4569:
4563:
4546:
4540:
4524:
4518:
4513:Podochilinae
4500:
4494:
4490:Ceratostylis
4488:
4482:
4469:
4463:
4444:
4440:Flickingeria
4438:
4432:
4426:
4420:
4414:
4409:Dendrobiinae
4400:
4383:
4374:
4365:
4356:
4347:
4340:Saccoglossum
4338:
4329:
4322:Pedilochilus
4320:
4311:
4302:
4293:
4284:
4275:
4268:Hapalochilus
4266:
4259:Ferruminaria
4257:
4250:Epicrianthes
4248:
4239:
4232:Codonosiphon
4230:
4221:
4212:
4205:Bulbophyllum
4203:
4194:
4167:
4147:
4141:
4138:Aphyllorchis
4125:
4110:
4104:
4098:
4083:Rhizanthella
4081:
4075:
4054:
4038:
4034:Didymoplexis
4032:
4027:Gastrodiinae
4010:Stereosandra
4008:
4002:
3984:
3978:
3972:
3966:
3960:
3954:
3948:
3942:
3938:Restrepiella
3936:
3930:
3926:Porroglossum
3924:
3918:
3912:
3906:
3900:
3894:
3888:
3882:
3876:
3870:
3866:Lepanthopsis
3864:
3858:
3852:
3846:
3842:Echinosepala
3840:
3834:
3830:Dresslerella
3828:
3822:
3818:Draconanthes
3816:
3810:
3804:
3798:
3792:
3786:
3780:
3774:
3768:
3750:
3738:Meiracyllium
3736:
3726:
3715:
3705:Sophrolaelia
3704:
3693:
3682:
3671:
3660:
3649:
3636:
3625:
3614:
3603:
3592:
3581:
3570:
3560:Cattleytonia
3559:
3548:
3537:
3526:
3505:
3493:
3481:
3461:
3443:
3435:Stenoglossum
3434:
3425:
3412:
3403:
3388:
3380:Pleuranthium
3379:
3370:
3357:
3348:
3341:
3333:Neolehmannia
3332:
3323:
3314:
3305:
3296:
3282:
3276:Garay &
3272:
3263:
3254:
3248:Garay &
3244:
3240:L.O.Williams
3235:
3226:
3217:
3208:
3199:
3190:
3179:
3170:
3157:
3148:
3140:Amphiglottis
3139:
3128:
3105:
3094:
3078:
3063:
3053:
3045:Lophoglottis
3044:
3033:
3023:Schomburgkia
3021:
3009:
2999:Myrmecophila
2997:
2987:
2976:
2966:
2952:
2943:
2934:
2923:
2913:
2902:
2888:
2880:Cattleyopsis
2879:
2868:
2858:
2849:
2833:Eudisanthema
2832:
2821:
2804:
2793:
2784:
2773:
2758:
2747:Sepalosiphon
2746:
2737:
2726:
2714:
2702:
2692:
2688:Cosmopolitan
2686:
2664:
2654:
2641:
2632:Dendrochilum
2630:
2620:
2611:
2602:
2591:
2584:Coelogyninae
2581:
2567:
2560:Adrorhizinae
2557:
2554:
2530:
2521:Cryptarrhena
2519:
2493:
2483:
2474:
2463:
2453:
2444:
2435:
2426:
2420:
2403:
2391:
2363:
2353:
2337:
2328:
2315:
2300:
2290:
2278:
2269:
2260:
2249:
2234:Plocoglottis
2232:
2217:
2206:
2191:
2180:
2165:
2154:
2145:Tankervillia
2144:
2135:
2126:
2117:
2108:
2099:
2090:
2079:
2069:
2061:Styloglossum
2060:
2051:
2043:Paracalanthe
2042:
2033:
2020:
2011:
2002:
1993:
1984:
1975:
1967:Amblyglottis
1966:
1957:
1946:
1932:
1923:
1912:
1902:
1893:
1884:
1875:
1866:
1857:
1842:
1827:
1816:
1801:
1792:
1781:
1770:
1764:
1744:
1731:
1713:
1704:
1695:
1684:
1672:
1658:Mischobulbon
1657:
1648:Mischobulbum
1646:
1634:
1622:
1610:
1600:
1587:
1576:
1564:
1548:
1536:
1526:
1518:
1504:
1498:
1490:
1476:
1466:
1458:
1449:
1420:or without;
1392:
1371:
1348:Selenipedium
1346:
1336:
1314:
1305:
1294:
1284:
1258:
1251:Mexipediinae
1248:
1226:
1217:
1206:
1196:
1182:
1173:Schizopedium
1171:
1160:
1149:
1138:
1127:
1116:
1105:
1092:
1083:
1072:
1062:
1054:
1044:Cypripedieae
1032:terrestrials
1029:
1007:
998:Mesodactylis
997:
988:
977:
965:arose within
954:
933:
925:
919:
908:evolutionary
889:
823:Orchidoideae
821:
820:
804:
803:
780:
779:
758:Vanilloideae
756:
755:
732:
731:
717:
697:
676:
669:as follows:
661:
656:Vanilloideae
632:Orchidoideae
599:
572:
565:
562:
554:nomenclature
547:
528:
492:
486:
480:
470:
466:
455:phylogenomic
427:
422:phylogenetic
392:
355:
332:
328:monophyletic
303:
287:
258:
234:
229:
227:
217:
208:
206:
190:analysis of
167:
166:
158:Burns-Balogh
90:John Lindley
85:
45:
43:
9473:Vertebrates
9463:Lepidoptera
9436:Brachiopoda
9405:Gastropoda
9382:Pachypodium
9327:Orchidaceae
9215:Orchidaceae
9203:Orchidaceae
9144:Asparagales
9138:Orchidaceae
9110:angiosperms
9104:Orchidaceae
8831:WCSP Online
8562:10654/18083
8422:. 314 pages
8151:Lecanorchis
8127:Epistephium
8091:Pogoniopsis
8011:Steveniella
7981:Pseudorchis
7975:Ponerorchis
7969:Platycoryne
7963:Platanthera
7927:Oligophyton
7909:Megalorchis
7668:Genoplesium
7628:Lyperanthus
7526:Coilochilus
7478:Chloraeinae
7415:Aporostylis
7409:Adenochilus
7381:Cyrtostylis
7362:Acianthinae
7280:Pterygodium
7140:Schiedeella
7116:Pteroglossa
7086:Microthelys
7074:Mesadenella
7056:Kionophyton
7044:Hapalorchis
6972:Brachystele
6966:Beloglottis
6960:Aulosepalum
6917:Pterostylis
6872:Vrydagzynea
6848:Platythelys
6806:Microchilus
6803:(extinct),
6764:Kreodanthus
6740:Halleorchis
6722:Eurycentrum
6660:Goodyerinae
6534:Baskervilla
6491:Codonorchis
6389:Keferanthes
6341:Cochlecaste
6317:Bateostylis
6303:Angulocaste
6294:Vargasiella
6232:Zygopetalum
6196:Cheiradenia
6139:Trichoceros
6093:Lycomormium
6047:Sievekingia
5918:Trigonidium
5900:Pityphyllum
5847:Rudolfiella
5725:Polystachya
5642:Lemurorchis
5589:Angraecinae
5578:Vascostylis
5543:Renanstylis
5536:Perreiraara
5515:Christieara
5501:Ascofinetia
5480:Aeridovanda
5442:Cleisostoma
5381:Ascoglossum
5375:Ascocentrum
5350:Sarcochilus
5252:Mystacidium
5240:Microcoelia
5204:Chamaeangis
5083:Rodricidium
5062:Miltonidium
4972:Trichopilia
4947:Rodriguezia
4941:Comparettia
4809:Bifrenidium
4751:Cyrtopodium
4745:Cymbidiella
4675:Catasetinae
4604:Corymborkis
4577:Psilochilus
4535:Thelasiinae
4484:Appendicula
4471:Trichotosia
4304:Monosepalum
4180:Podochileae
4132:Limodorinae
4049:Nerviliinae
4019:Gastrodieae
3986:Zootrophion
3908:Phloeophila
3878:Masdevallia
3582:Epicattleya
3571:Cattlianthe
3444:Tritelandra
3390:Prosthechea
3315:Minicolumna
3273:Kalopternix
3264:Hemiscleria
3209:Dothilophis
3181:Coilostylis
3149:Anacheilium
3138:, included
3104:, included
3096:Caularthron
3043:, included
3035:Sophronitis
2986:, included
2933:, included
2912:, included
2878:, included
2870:Broughtonia
2831:, included
2785:Costaricaea
2783:, included
2736:, included
2682:Epidendreae
2655:Platyclinis
2640:, included
2601:, included
2550:Coelogyneae
2529:, included
2475:Anthericlis
2473:, included
2427:Calypsodium
2425:, included
2346:C.Schweinf.
2338:Lindsayella
2314:, included
2293:Sobraliinae
2279:Mitopetalum
2259:, included
2216:, included
2190:, included
2164:, included
2109:Gastrorchis
2089:, included
2070:Sylvalismis
1985:Calanthidum
1956:, included
1922:, included
1898:Barb. Rodr.
1856:, included
1826:, included
1802:Helleborine
1791:, included
1714:Pachystylis
1705:Pachychilus
1694:, included
1656:, included
1624:Hexalectris
1586:, included
1550:Anthogonium
1499:Elecalthusa
1491:Elearethusa
1469:Arethusinae
1428:present; 1-
1402:pseudobulbs
1304:, included
1244:Mexipedieae
1216:, included
1093:Calceolaria
1082:, included
1074:Cypripedium
1036:lithophytes
987:, included
719:Orchidaceae
678:Asparagales
579:arose twice
531:Orchidaceae
519:Gastrodieae
515:Angraecinae
511:Goodyerinae
503:Podochileae
411:chloroplast
377:Asparagales
320:pollinarium
300:publication
298:before the
245:Orchidaceae
241:Wikispecies
172:description
104:with a new
94:subfamilies
74:Olof Swartz
9579:Categories
9451:Dermaptera
9446:Scorpiones
9340:Adenanthos
9132:genus list
8523:(Also see
8517:8 December
8359:(volume 6)
8170:References
8048:Subfamily
8041:Veyretella
8035:Tylostigma
7957:Physoceras
7951:Peristylus
7915:Neobolusia
7873:Gymnadenia
7849:Diplomeris
7819:Chamorchis
7789:Bartholina
7783:Anacamptis
7777:Amerorchis
7732:Orchidinae
7714:Thelymitra
7702:Calochilus
7634:Megastylis
7594:Myrmechila
7563:Drakaeinae
7554:Orthoceras
7541:Diuridinae
7510:Megastylis
7463:Pheladenia
7457:Leptoceras
7445:Eriochilus
7327:Satyriinae
7302:Schizodium
7256:Ceratandra
7249:Coryciinae
7214:Cyclopogon
7152:Spiranthes
7068:Lyroglossa
7032:Eurystyles
6978:Buchtienia
6954:Aracamunia
6946:resupinate
6842:Platylepis
6824:Orchipedum
6800:Meliorchis
6782:Lageophila
6776:Lepidogyne
6716:Erythrodes
6704:Danhatchia
6698:Cystorchis
6680:Aspidogyne
6635:Stenoptera
6629:Prescottia
6617:Gomphichis
6564:Nothostele
6558:Myrosmodes
6454:Subfamily
6443:Zygostylis
6275:Pescatoria
6184:Batemannia
6099:Peristeria
6087:Coeliopsis
6035:Polycycnis
6011:Kegeliella
5975:Coryanthes
5940:Zygostates
5925:Subtribe:
5906:Scuticaria
5888:Maxillaria
5853:Teuscheria
5842:Ciripedium
5824:Bifrenaria
5810:Lycastinae
5794:Dichaeinae
5756:Bifrenaria
5707:Hederorkis
5648:Neobathiea
5550:Renantanda
5529:Opsistylis
5508:Asconopsis
5460:Robiquetia
5454:Neofinetia
5399:Renanthera
5288:Tridactyle
5276:Solenangis
5216:Cyrtorchis
5198:Bolusiella
5140:Thecostele
5041:Degarmoara
5027:Burrageara
5020:Brassidium
4985:Lockhartia
4966:Psychopsis
4855:Oncidiinae
4844:Graphiella
4816:Cymphiella
4719:Bromheadia
4646:Cymbidieae
4592:Tropidieae
4559:Triphoreae
4526:Podochilus
4520:Chilopogon
4502:Sarcostoma
4496:Epiblastus
4434:Epigeneium
4422:Dendrobium
4218:Summerhays
4196:Acrochaene
4162:Listerinae
4094:Malaxideae
3995:Epipogieae
3980:Trisetella
3956:Specklinia
3944:Salpistele
3914:Platystele
3902:Pabstiella
3884:Myoxanthus
3794:Barbrodria
3788:Barbosella
3782:Anathallis
3770:Acianthera
3619:J.M.H.Shaw
3604:Hawkinsara
3575:J.M.H.Shaw
3507:Tomzanonia
3236:Epidanthus
3227:Epicladium
3162:Hoffmanns.
3153:Hoffmanns.
3130:Epidendrum
3124:Epidendrum
3065:Guarianthe
2935:Amblostoma
2889:Laeliopsis
2823:Brassavola
2794:Euothonaea
2695:Glomerinae
2621:Ptychogyne
2603:Bolborchis
2569:Adrorhizon
2381:Calypsoeae
2270:Ascotainia
2100:Gastorchis
2091:Cyanorchis
2052:Preptanthe
1976:Aulostylis
1958:Alismorkis
1903:Thiebautia
1837:orth. var.
1686:Pachystoma
1667:orth. var.
1601:Tainiopsis
1571:Guillaumin
1445:Arethuseae
1437:distichous
1435:; leaves:
1386:Subfamily
1265:V.A.Albert
1260:Mexipedium
1118:Ciripedium
1023:Subfamily
969:stem group
900:resampling
883:Subfamily
654:Subfamily
642:Subfamily
630:Subfamily
619:Subfamily
604:Subfamily
507:Oncidiinae
494:Hederorkis
399:nucleotide
314:, such as
312:characters
308:morphology
267:system of
134:Schlechter
62:De Jussieu
9478:Lemuridae
9468:Lucanidae
9457:Anopheles
9362:Cactaceae
9321:Narcissus
9306:Liliaceae
9025:View Book
8994:volume 18
8965:View Book
8936:View Book
8907:View Book
8797:: 41–53.
8100:Vanilleae
8073:Duckeella
8058:Pogonieae
7945:Pecteilis
7903:Holothrix
7891:Herminium
7885:Hemipilia
7879:Habenaria
7831:Cynorchis
7795:Benthamia
7725:Orchideae
7693:Subtribe
7687:Subtribe
7659:Subtribe
7640:Pyrorchis
7622:Leporella
7616:Burnettia
7607:Subtribe
7600:Spiculaea
7561:Subtribe
7539:Subtribe
7517:Subtribe
7504:Geoblasta
7486:Bipinnula
7476:Subtribe
7451:Glossodia
7427:Cyanicula
7421:Caladenia
7400:Subtribe
7393:Townsonia
7369:Acianthus
7360:Subtribe
7351:Diurideae
7325:Subtribe
7318:Huttonaea
7309:Subtribe
7287:Subtribe
7247:Subtribe
7240:Brownleea
7231:Subtribe
7205:Subtribe
7189:Subtribe
7104:Physogyne
7080:Mesadenus
7038:Funkiella
7020:Discyphus
7008:Deiregyne
6948:flowers.
6940:Subtribe
6911:Achlydosa
6902:Subtribe
6895:Manniella
6885:Subtribe
6812:Myrmechis
6758:Hylophila
6668:Aenhenrya
6658:Subtribe
6642:Subtribe
6601:Subtribe
6588:Pterichis
6570:Ponthieva
6540:Cranichis
6518:Subtribe
6437:Zygonisia
6425:Zygocaste
6413:Palmerara
6383:Kanzerara
6365:Durutyara
6347:Cochlenia
6311:Aitkenara
6226:Promenaea
6159:Otostylis
6146:Subtribe
6133:Telipogon
6106:Subtribe
6078:Subtribe
6059:Stanhopea
6005:Jennyella
5999:Houlletia
5947:Subtribe
5894:Mormolyca
5882:Cyrtidium
5866:Subtribe
5836:Neomoorea
5808:Subtribe
5792:Subtribe
5779:Aplectrum
5769:Subtribe
5746:Subtribe
5713:Imerinaea
5697:Subtribe
5673:Alliance
5660:Oeoniella
5636:Lemurella
5624:Cryptopus
5606:Angraecum
5600:Aeranthes
5587:Subtribe
5494:Ascocenda
5436:Amesiella
5424:Abdominea
5411:Vandopsis
5363:Adenoncos
5303:Aeridinae
5301:Subtribe
5294:Ypsilopus
5264:Rangaeris
5228:Eurychone
5192:Beclardia
5164:Subtribe
5130:Subtribe
5113:Subtribe
5104:Wilsonara
5076:Odontonia
5055:Miltassia
5034:Colmanara
4936:equitants
4859:Caribbean
4853:Subtribe
4823:Cyrtellia
4776:Cymbidium
4757:Galeandra
4706:Subtribe
4693:Cycnoches
4687:Catasetum
4673:Subtribe
4666:Acriopsis
4656:Subtribe
4628:Xerorchis
4533:Subtribe
4511:Subtribe
4453:Subtribe
4446:Pseuderia
4407:Subtribe
4313:Osyricera
4295:Monomeria
4286:Mastigion
4214:Chaseella
4186:Subtribe
4160:Subtribe
4154:Limodorum
4149:Epipactis
4130:Subtribe
4121:Neottieae
4069:Diurideae
4063:Subtribe
4047:Subtribe
4040:Gastrodia
4025:Subtribe
4004:Epipogium
3932:Restrepia
3890:Octomeria
3860:Lepanthes
3848:Frondaria
3836:Dryadella
3812:Condylago
3757:ramicauls
3751:Subtribe
3727:Subtribe
3676:H.G.Jones
3495:Dilomilis
3475:Alliance
3455:Alliance
3426:Spathiger
3413:Seraphyta
3297:Larnandra
3200:Diothonea
3191:Didothion
3158:Anocheil'
3122:Alliance
3054:Sophronia
2953:Hormidium
2806:Isochilus
2769:Isochilus
2767:Alliance
2761:Laeliinae
2759:Subtribe
2693:Subtribe
2642:Acoridium
2593:Coelogyne
2582:Subtribe
2558:Subtribe
2484:Plecturus
2465:Tipularia
2454:Orchidium
2405:Aplectrum
2356:Thuniinae
2354:Subtribe
2291:Subtribe
2136:Pesomeria
2034:Limatodes
2003:Centrosis
1994:Centrosia
1894:Regnellia
1858:Anthogyas
1783:Calopogon
1771:tuberosus
1612:Hancockia
1529:Bletiinae
1527:Subtribe
1506:Eleorchis
1467:Subtribe
1426:rostellum
1418:viscidium
1398:epiphytes
1337:Subtribe
1316:Uropedium
1285:Subtribe
1269:M.W.Chase
1249:Subtribe
1228:Menephora
1197:Subtribe
1129:Criogenes
1107:Calceolus
1084:Arietinum
1063:Subtribe
1009:Neuwiedia
989:Adactylus
979:Apostasia
957:ancestors
946:sheathing
938:staminode
934:Apostasia
926:Neuwiedia
922:primitive
915:organisms
892:bootstrap
614:staminode
595:staminode
535:alliances
488:Holothrix
473:Orchideae
464:support.
462:bootstrap
451:jackknife
395:cladistic
388:diverging
347:phylogeny
339:intuition
292:botanists
204:in 2003.
188:cladistic
178:based on
154:Vermeulen
122:published
110:subtribes
72:in 1789.
36:Haeckel's
9523:Diatomea
9517:Protista
9509:Protists
9431:Bivalvia
9426:Conoidea
9400:Animalia
9333:Triticum
9276:Bacteria
9252:Taxonomy
9175:Archived
9073:Archived
8988:page 288
8869:volume 2
8863:page 939
8811:24747003
8772:25578379
8721:19251715
8659:26311671
8623:(2015).
8115:Cyrtosia
8106:Genera:
8067:Cleistes
8064:Genera:
8023:Thulinia
7999:Serapias
7921:Neotinea
7867:Gennaria
7861:Galearis
7843:Diphylax
7768:Genera:
7746:or even
7708:Epiblema
7699:Genera:
7674:Microtis
7665:Genera:
7646:Rimacola
7613:Genera:
7567:Genera:
7545:Genera:
7523:Genera:
7492:Chloraea
7483:Genera:
7406:Genera:
7366:Genera:
7340:Satyrium
7334:Pachites
7331:Genera:
7293:Genera:
7274:Evotella
7268:Disperis
7262:Corycium
7253:Genera:
7176:Veyretia
7050:Helonoma
6951:Genera:
6908:Genera:
6860:Rhomboda
6752:Hetaeria
6746:Herpysma
6734:Goodyera
6710:Dassinia
6665:Genera:
6608:Genera:
6546:Exalaria
6525:Genera:
6419:Rotorara
6407:Otonisia
6401:Otocolax
6359:Downsara
6335:Cochella
6308:Genera:
6263:Huntleya
6242:Genera:
6178:Aganisia
6175:Genera:
6156:Genera:
6112:Genera:
6084:Genera:
6065:Trevoria
6041:Schlimia
6029:Paphinia
5993:Horichia
5969:Cirrhaea
5954:Genera:
5931:Genera:
5873:Genera:
5859:Xylobium
5815:Genera:
5776:Genera:
5762:Xylobium
5753:Genera:
5704:Genera:
5679:Genera:
5630:Jumellea
5612:Bonniera
5597:Genera:
5476:Genera:
5473:Hybrids
5421:Genera:
5369:Arachnis
5360:Genera:
5311:Genera:
5258:Podangis
5174:Aerangis
5171:Genera:
5013:Beallara
5006:Bakerara
4999:Aliceara
4995:Genera:
4957:Genera:
4931:Oncidium
4928:Genera:
4904:Oncidium
4892:Miltonia
4871:Genera:
4805:Genera:
4795:Dipodium
4770:Ansellia
4767:Genera:
4742:Genera:
4732:Eulophia
4699:Mormodes
4684:Genera:
4610:Tropidia
4601:Genera:
4583:Triphora
4568:Genera:
4542:Phreatia
4539:Genera:
4517:Genera:
4481:Genera:
4462:Genera:
4413:Genera:
4193:Genera:
4136:Genera:
4103:Genera:
4074:Genera:
4056:Nervilia
4031:Genera:
4001:Genera:
3968:Teagueia
3896:Ophidion
3872:Luerella
3776:Acostaea
3767:Genera:
3661:Potinara
3463:Leptotes
3457:Leptotes
3421:C.A.Mey.
3371:Physinga
3349:Nyctosma
3337:Kraenzl.
3106:Diacrium
3080:Barkeria
2967:Sulpitia
2939:Scheidw.
2925:Encyclia
2914:Maelenia
2904:Cattleya
2850:Lysimnia
2612:Hologyne
2539:Galeotti
2449:Wahlenb.
2436:Cytherea
2302:Sobralia
2166:Paxtonia
2029:Galeotti
2012:Cytheris
1948:Calanthe
1933:Polytoma
1924:Jimensia
1914:Bletilla
1867:Bletiana
1746:Arundina
1696:Apaturia
1519:Elepogon
1478:Arethusa
1414:caudicle
1410:pollinia
1395:tropical
1184:Stimegas
1151:Hypodema
1140:Fissipes
950:labellum
942:pollinia
568:Dressler
550:sections
525:Taxonomy
482:Pachites
430:relative
362:monocots
358:monocots
326:are not
261:taxonomy
148:(1960),
142:Dressler
140:(1937),
138:Mansfeld
136:(1926),
132:(1887),
98:taxonomy
9565:Viruses
9441:Araneae
9392:Animals
9375:Drosera
9347:Banksia
9293:Plantae
9127:APG III
8954:authors
8925:Authors
8890:Authors
8763:4343289
8712:2720648
8650:4571710
8570:below).
8527:below).
8497:below).
8472:below).
8468:. (See
8443:below).
8401:below).
8397:. (See
8376:below).
8293:below).
8250:below).
8233:below).
8216:below).
8194:18 July
8163:Vanilla
8145:Galeola
8133:Eriaxis
8085:Pogonia
8079:Isotria
7801:Bonatea
7652:Waireia
7588:Drakaea
7576:Calaena
7498:Gavilea
7375:Corybas
7315:Genus:
7289:Disinae
7237:Genus:
7211:Genus:
7195:Genus:
7158:Stalkya
7122:Sacoila
7098:Pelexia
6996:Cybebus
6892:Genus:
6878:Zeuxine
6836:Papuaea
6794:Macodes
6788:Ludisia
6648:Genus:
6488:Genus:
6470:Genus:
6431:Zygolum
6291:Genus:
6220:Pabstia
6017:Lacaena
5987:Gongora
5981:Embreea
5963:Braemia
5957:Acineta
5830:Lycaste
5818:Anguloa
5801:Dichaea
5798:Genus:
5387:Euanthe
5326:Doritis
5314:Aerides
5210:Cribbia
5151:Vandeae
5137:Genus:
5120:Genus:
5048:Howeara
4982:Genus:
4960:Notylia
4938:only),
4915:Genus:
4886:Brassia
4880:Aspasia
4863:Florida
4792:Genus:
4729:Genus:
4716:Genus:
4663:Genus:
4625:Genus:
4455:Eriinae
4416:Cadetia
4349:Sunipia
4241:Drymoda
4209:Thouars
4169:Listera
4166:Genus:
4112:Malaxis
4106:Liparis
4053:Genus:
3824:Dracula
3743:Rchb.f.
3488:Schltr.
3408:Rchb.f.
3395:Knowles
3324:Nanodes
3319:Brieger
3310:Brieger
3255:Exophya
3218:Doxosma
3144:Salisb.
3085:Knowles
3016:Schltr.
2918:Dumort.
2859:Tulexis
2798:Rchb.f.
2789:Schltr.
2775:Hexisea
2751:Schltr.
2742:Schltr.
2728:Glomera
2666:Pleione
2625:Pfitzer
2616:Pfitzer
2574:Hook.f.
2535:A.Rich.
2500:Rchb.f.
2440:Salisb.
2422:Calypso
2370:Rchb.f.
2333:Rchb.f.
2131:Salisb.
2127:Pachyne
2113:Schltr.
2104:Thouars
2095:Thouars
2074:Thouars
2056:Rchb.f.
2025:A.Rich.
2007:Thouars
1998:A.Rich.
1989:Pfitzer
1980:Schltr.
1962:Thouars
1919:Rchb.f.
1889:Salisb.
1797:Salisb.
1662:Schltr.
1653:Schltr.
1605:Schltr.
1596:Raizada
1578:Eriodes
1511:F.Maek.
1430:locular
1353:Rchb.f.
1310:Pfitzer
1218:Cordula
1213:Pfitzer
1178:Salisb.
1162:Sacodon
1134:Salisb.
1123:Zumagl.
1112:Nieuwl.
930:abaxial
610:anthers
558:hybrids
477:Vandeae
434:plastid
415:nuclear
403:studies
372:of the
368:to the
296:growers
282:at the
280:curator
277:adjunct
255:History
202:et alii
130:Pfitzer
68:in his
9368:Citrus
9312:Tulipa
9300:Allium
9285:Plants
9254:of ...
9116:Browse
9065:(1981)
9040:titles
9008:titles
8977:Titles
8809:
8770:
8760:
8719:
8709:
8657:
8647:
8591:below)
8583:. At:
8513:. 2013
8464:
8418:
8393:
8355:
8347:
8339:
8331:
8323:
8315:
8098:Tribe
8056:Tribe
7939:Orchis
7933:Ophrys
7723:Tribe
7548:Diuris
7349:Tribe
7225:Diseae
7223:Tribe
6498:Tribe
6480:Tribe
6462:Tribe
6281:Stenia
6245:Bollea
6190:Bollea
6165:Warrea
5734:Tribe
5654:Oeonia
5487:Aranda
5430:Acampe
5393:Luisia
5149:Tribe
4907:(most)
4644:Tribe
4617:Tribe
4590:Tribe
4557:Tribe
4380:Lindl.
4353:Lindl.
4299:Lindl.
4281:Lindl.
4245:Lindl.
4227:Lindl.
4200:Lindl.
4178:Tribe
4119:Tribe
4092:Tribe
4017:Tribe
3993:Tribe
3962:Stelis
3854:Jostia
3650:Otaara
3468:Lindl.
3419:&
3417:Fisch.
3399:Westc.
3397:&
3384:Benth.
3375:Lindl.
3328:Lindl.
3292:Benth.
3288:Lindl.
3283:Lanium
3278:Dunst.
3268:Lindl.
3250:Dunst.
3204:Lindl.
3171:Auliza
3115:Benth.
3111:Lindl.
3089:Westc.
3087:&
3058:Lindl.
3040:Lindl.
3028:Lindl.
2988:Amalia
2983:Lindl.
2978:Laelia
2962:Heynh.
2958:Lindl.
2948:Lindl.
2944:Dinema
2909:Lindl.
2897:Paxton
2895:&
2893:Lindl.
2845:Kuntze
2843:&
2780:Lindl.
2721:Lindl.
2716:Earina
2680:Tribe
2659:Benth.
2648:&
2607:Lindl.
2598:Lindl.
2548:Tribe
2537:&
2509:Tribe
2379:Tribe
2365:Thunia
2344:&
2329:Fregea
2322:&
2320:Poepp.
2309:&
2265:Lindl.
2251:Tainia
2222:Liebm.
2213:Lindl.
2208:Chysis
2187:Lindl.
2182:Coelia
2170:Lindl.
2140:Lindl.
2118:Hecabe
2081:Phaius
2027:&
2016:Lindl.
1880:Lindl.
1851:&
1844:Bletia
1806:Kuntze
1793:Cathea
1700:Lindl.
1641:Lindl.
1594:&
1592:Bennet
1559:Lindl.
1443:Tribe
1422:stigma
1362:Others
1330:Tribe
1321:Lindl.
1278:Tribe
1267:&
1242:Tribe
1097:Heist.
1079:Lindl.
1042:Tribe
896:sister
575:stamen
543:ICNAFP
513:, and
491:, and
413:, and
390:next.
366:sister
316:anther
273:orchid
184:sample
146:Dodson
66:family
58:genera
9559:Other
9156:APweb
9150:Trees
8603:Aliso
8566:(See
8229:(See
6508:North
6214:Colax
5405:Vanda
4376:Trias
4371:Schl.
4344:Schl.
4326:Schl.
4317:Blume
4308:Schle
4254:Blume
4236:Schl.
3761:ovary
3720:hort.
3709:hort.
3698:Rolfe
3687:hort.
3665:hort.
3654:hort.
3642:Rolfe
3630:hort.
3608:hort.
3597:hort.
3586:hort.
3564:hort.
3553:hort.
3542:hort.
3531:hort.
3439:Kunth
3430:Small
3362:Neck.
3345:Garay
3231:Small
3175:Small
3166:Rchb.
3135:Jacq.
3004:Rolfe
2992:Rchb.
2930:Hook.
2875:R.Br.
2837:Neck.
2828:R.Br.
2811:R.Br.
2733:Blume
2709:Blume
2671:D.Don
2650:Meyen
2637:Blume
2526:R.Br.
2470:Nutt.
2445:Norna
2415:Torr.
2411:Nutt.
2324:Endl.
2283:Blume
2274:Ridl.
2256:Blume
2239:Blume
2161:Blume
2086:Lour.
2065:Breda
2038:Blume
1971:Blume
1953:R.Br.
1941:Gomes
1937:Lour.
1907:Colla
1876:Crybe
1832:Blume
1823:Blume
1788:R.Br.
1769:var.
1751:Rich.
1718:Blume
1709:Blume
1691:Blume
1679:Blume
1636:Ipsea
1617:Rolfe
1583:Rolfe
1555:Wall.
1543:Rolfe
1433:ovary
1377:hort.
1301:Rolfe
1156:Rchb.
1145:Small
1101:Fabr.
1014:Blume
1002:Wall.
993:Rolfe
984:Blume
437:genes
384:clade
381:basal
374:order
271:, an
199:Chase
150:Garay
114:paper
9419:1997
9414:2005
9409:2017
9260:Life
8807:PMID
8768:PMID
8717:PMID
8655:PMID
8519:2018
8462:ISBN
8416:ISBN
8391:ISBN
8353:ISBN
8345:ISBN
8337:ISBN
8329:ISBN
8321:ISBN
8313:ISBN
8196:2021
7734:and
7296:Disa
6510:and
4861:and
4465:Eria
4277:Ione
3500:Raf.
3448:Raf.
3366:Raf.
3353:Raf.
3301:Raf.
3259:Raf.
3222:Raf.
3213:Raf.
3195:Raf.
3186:Raf.
3101:Raf.
3049:Raf.
2971:Raf.
2884:Lem.
2863:Raf.
2854:Raf.
2841:Post
2646:Nees
2488:Raf.
2479:Raf.
2431:Link
2342:Ames
2311:Pav.
2307:Ruiz
2261:Ania
2196:Lem.
2149:Link
2122:Raf.
2047:Kudô
1928:Raf.
1885:Gyas
1871:Raf.
1862:Raf.
1853:Pav.
1849:Ruiz
1712:and
1629:Raf.
1416:and
1233:Raf.
1225:and
1222:Raf.
1189:Raf.
1167:Raf.
1088:Beck
996:and
967:the
589:and
475:and
444:atpB
442:and
440:rbcL
335:data
324:taxa
294:and
195:data
162:Funk
160:and
144:and
44:The
9159:At:
9153:At:
9119:At:
9113:At:
9107:At:
9096:At:
9090:At:
9057:GDZ
9054:At:
9046:BHL
9043:At:
9037:At:
9028:At:
9022:At:
9014:BHL
9011:At:
9005:At:
8997:Of:
8991:In:
8983:BHL
8980:At:
8974:At:
8968:At:
8960:BHL
8957:At:
8951:At:
8945:At:
8939:At:
8931:BHL
8928:At:
8922:At:
8916:At:
8910:At:
8904:At:
8893:At:
8887:At:
8881:At:
8872:Of:
8866:In:
8799:doi
8758:PMC
8748:doi
8744:115
8707:PMC
8699:doi
8695:104
8645:PMC
8637:doi
8633:282
8557:hdl
8547:doi
8543:161
8491:177
4874:Ada
3512:Nir
3364:ex
3164:ex
2839:ex
2458:Sw.
1939:ex
1557:ex
1099:ex
1034:or
917:).
913:of
625:lip
405:of
302:of
192:DNA
9581::
9147:At
9141:At
9135:At
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8795:77
8793:.
8789:.
8766:.
8756:.
8742:.
8738:.
8715:.
8705:.
8693:.
8689:.
8653:.
8643:.
8631:.
8627:.
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