319:
venires in St. Tammany Parish. It was also stipulated that the discrepancy between females eligible for jury service and those actually included in the venire was the result of the operation of La.Const., Art. VII, § 41, and La.Code Crim.Proc., Art. 402. In the present case, a venire totaling 175 persons was drawn for jury service beginning April 13, 1972. There were no females on the venire. After being tried, convicted, and sentenced to death, appellant sought review in the
Supreme Court of Louisiana, where he renewed his claim that the petit jury venire should have been quashed. The Supreme Court of Louisiana, recognizing that this claim drew into question the constitutionality of the provisions of the Louisiana Constitution and Code of Criminal Procedure dealing with the service of women on juries, squarely held, one justice dissenting, that these provisions were valid and not unconstitutional under federal law.
42:
423:, 311 U. S. 128, 311 U. S. 130 (1940), that "t is part of the established tradition in the use of juries as instruments of public justice that the jury be a body truly representative of the community." To exclude racial groups from jury service was said to be "at war with our basic concepts of a democratic society and a representative government." A state jury system that resulted in systematic exclusion of Negroes as jurors was therefore held to violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
419:
the fulfillment of the Sixth
Amendment's guarantee of an impartial jury trial in criminal prosecutions.... Both in the course of exercising its supervisory powers over trials in federal courts and in the constitutional context, the Court has unambiguously declared that the American concept of the jury trial contemplates a jury drawn from a fair cross-section of the community. A unanimous Court stated in
372:
We are also persuaded that the fair cross-section requirement is violated by the systematic exclusion of women, who, in the judicial district involved here, amounted to 53% of the citizens eligible for jury service. This conclusion necessarily entails the judgment that women are sufficiently numerous
389:
Taylor's claim is that he was constitutionally entitled to a jury drawn from a venire constituting a fair cross-section of the community, and that the jury that tried him was not such a jury by reason of the exclusion of women. Taylor was not a member of the excluded class, but there is no rule that
418:
391 U. S. 145 (1968), that the Sixth
Amendment's provision for jury trial is made binding on the States by virtue of the Fourteenth Amendment. Our inquiry is whether the presence of a fair cross-section of the community on venires, panels, or lists from which petit juries are drawn is essential to
318:
53% of the persons eligible for jury service in these parishes were female, and that no more than 10% of the persons on the jury wheel in St. Tammany Parish were women. During the period from
December 8, 1971, to November 3, 1972, 12 females were among the 1,800 persons drawn to fill petit jury
1540:
342:
The issue we have, therefore, is whether a jury selection system which operates to exclude from jury service an identifiable class of citizens constituting 53% of eligible jurors in the community comports with the Sixth and
Fourteenth
443:
appears to have been especially important to the court for use as a precedent. It was a significant United States
Supreme Court decision, which incorporated the Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial and applied it to the states.
1515:
337:
The issue before the court was not whether Taylor actually kidnapped anyone, but whether he had a fair trial because
Louisiana law had a "conceded systematic impact" to eliminate female jurors from his jury:
966:
1535:
306:. While armed with a butcher knife, he approached an automobile occupied by Mrs. Louise Willie, her daughter, and grandson, forced her to go to an abandoned road near Mandeville, where he
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and distinct from men, and that, if they are systematically eliminated from jury panels, the Sixth
Amendment's fair cross-section requirement cannot be satisfied.
1530:
1510:
1062:
1560:
1340:
638:
1520:
1545:
1044:
472:
46:
633:
Dean John
Champion, Richard D. Hartley, and Gary A. Rabe, "Criminal Courts," p. 219 (2nd ed., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson 2008),
1372:
452:(1946), another precedent, concerned the exclusion of "an economic or racial group". Ultimately, the line of cases come from
390:
claims such as Taylor presents may be made only by those defendants who are members of the group excluded from jury service.
1067:
489:
407:
The Courts' reasoning was based heavily on the precedent from prior case law: "The Court's prior cases are instructive":
124:
A criminal defendant's 6th and 14th
Amendment Rights are violated by the systematic exclusion of women from jury service.
1140:
1014:
1396:
1084:
944:
280:, by requiring (only) them to actively register for jury duty violated the defendant's right to a representative
1241:
454:
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976:
477:
112:
1388:
927:
460:
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The Supreme Court "changed its mind and ruled the affirmative registration process was unconstitutional:"
155:
476:(1880), all of which concerned the exclusion of blacks from juries as unconstitutional violations of the
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748:, 391 U.S. 145, at 155-156, 88 S. Ct. 1444 at 1450-1451, 20 L. Ed. 2d 491, 1968 U.S. LEXIS 1631 (1968).
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360:, as a man who would not be excluded from jury duty in Louisiana, to challenge the rule.
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1332:
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1541:
United States Supreme Court decisions that overrule a prior Supreme Court decision
78:
17:
167:
411:
The background against which this case must be decided includes our holding in
299:
94:
277:
90:
936:
311:
208:
White, joined by Douglas, Brennan, Stewart, Marshall, Blackmun, Powell
1479:
interpreted the Impartial Jury Clause of the Sixth Amendment. **
307:
1041:
992:
948:
41:
1516:
United States equal protection and criminal procedure case law
298:
Billy J. Taylor was indicted and tried for "aggravated
272:
which held that systematically excluding women from a
1536:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court
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118:
107:
102:
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60:
53:
34:
290:, the 1961 case that had allowed such a practice.
242:This case overturned a previous ruling or rulings
409:
387:
370:
340:
316:
571:, 419 U.S. at 524-525, citing the case below,
960:
385:On the secondary issue of standing, it held:
8:
1556:United States gender discrimination case law
1526:United States Sixth Amendment jury case law
1052:
1038:
989:
967:
953:
945:
427:, 315 U. S. 60, 315 U. S. 85-86 (1942)....
31:
1551:American Civil Liberties Union litigation
356:A secondary issue was whether Taylor had
1063:Racial discrimination in jury selection
589:
587:
501:
1341:Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete Company
29:1975 United States Supreme Court case
7:
302:" under Louisiana's then-mandatory
849:Strauder v. State of West Virginia
473:Strauder v. State of West Virginia
47:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
1531:United States Supreme Court cases
887:522 (1975) is available from:
624:, 419 U.S. at 525-26, 528, FN 12.
40:
1511:1975 in United States case law
1373:J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel. T.B.
697:, 419 U.S. at 526, citing
1:
1561:History of women in Louisiana
1249:Thiel v. Southern Pacific Co.
1068:Women in United States juries
490:Women in United States juries
264:, 419 U.S. 522 (1975), was a
1234:Fair cross-section in venire
1128:Brownfield v. South Carolina
314:them. Both parties agreed:
65:Billy J. Taylor v. Louisiana
1521:United States jury case law
1577:
1546:Legal history of Louisiana
1141:Franklin v. South Carolina
1077:Racial exclusion in venire
1015:United States v. Armstrong
937:Oyez (oral argument audio)
1085:Strauder v. West Virginia
1051:
1037:
1001:
988:
781:Glasser v. United States,
304:capital sentencing system
247:
240:
233:
133:
123:
39:
1255:Ballard v. United States
1242:Glasser v. United States
758:Ballard v. United States
455:Glasser v. United States
449:Ballard v. United States
425:Glasser v. United States
56:Decided January 21, 1975
478:Equal Protection Clause
284:. The court overturned
113:Louisiana Supreme Court
54:Argued October 16, 1974
1461:Flowers v. Mississippi
736:, 419 U.S. at 526-527.
596:, 419 U. S. at 525-26.
438:
400:
383:
354:
330:
235:U.S. Const. amend. XIV
156:William J. Brennan Jr.
1397:Johnson v. California
1389:Miller-El v. Cockrell
1349:Hernandez v. New York
1294:Peremptory challenges
1184:Patton v. Mississippi
1104:Gibson v. Mississippi
1023:United States v. Bass
995:Selective prosecution
579:282 So.2d 491
1311:Griffith v. Kentucky
1210:Eubanks v. Louisiana
1157:Patterson v. Alabama
1110:Smith v. Mississippi
581: (La. 1973).
1421:Snyder v. Louisiana
1405:Miller-El v. Dretke
1365:Georgia v. McCollum
1277:Holland v. Illinois
1262:Taylor v. Louisiana
1122:Tarrance v. Florida
928:Library of Congress
877:Taylor v. Louisiana
826:Pierre v. Louisiana
746:Duncan v. Louisiana
734:Taylor v. Louisiana
722:Taylor v. Louisiana
695:Taylor v. Louisiana
683:Taylor v. Louisiana
660:Taylor v. Louisiana
622:Taylor v. Louisiana
594:Taylor v. Louisiana
569:Taylor v. Louisiana
557:Taylor v. Louisiana
509:Taylor v. Louisiana
467:Pierre v. Louisiana
441:Duncan v. Louisiana
433:Taylor v. Louisiana
414:Duncan v. Louisiana
396:Taylor v. Louisiana
379:Taylor v. Louisiana
349:Taylor v. Louisiana
325:Taylor v. Louisiana
261:Taylor v. Louisiana
184:Lewis F. Powell Jr.
35:Taylor v. Louisiana
1445:Felkner v. Jackson
1429:Rivera v. Illinois
1303:Batson v. Kentucky
1223:Vasquez v. Hillery
1216:Coleman v. Alabama
1203:Hernandez v. Texas
1043:Discrimination in
981:criminal procedure
724:, 419 U.S. at 526.
685:, 419 U.S. at 531.
559:, 419 U.S. at 524.
148:William O. Douglas
144:Associate Justices
89:95 S. Ct. 692, 42
18:Taylor v Louisiana
1498:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1487:were civil cases.
1471:
1470:
1453:Foster v. Chatman
1283:Berghuis v. Smith
1270:Duren v. Missouri
1149:Norris v. Alabama
1134:Rogers v. Alabama
1092:Virginia v. Rives
1033:
1032:
1007:McCleskey v. Kemp
639:978-0-13-118979-9
620: (1972), see
266:landmark decision
257:
256:
192:William Rehnquist
172:Thurgood Marshall
16:(Redirected from
1568:
1437:Thaler v. Haynes
1357:Trevino v. Texas
1196:Avery v. Georgia
1190:Cassell v. Texas
1165:Hale v. Kentucky
1098:Neal v. Delaware
1053:
1039:
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977:equal protection
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140:Warren E. Burger
129:Court membership
111:Appeal from the
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1413:Rice v. Collins
1381:Purkett v. Elem
1326:Ford v. Georgia
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1229:
1116:Carter v. Texas
1072:
1047:
1029:
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644:Hoyt v. Florida
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628:
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574:State v. Taylor
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533:Hoyt v. Florida
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1005:
876:
862: (1879).
848:
844:
839: (1939).
825:
821:
816: (1940).
802:
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793: (1942).
780:
776:
771: (1946).
769:187, 193-194
757:
753:
745:
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712: (1972).
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673: (1975).
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618:493, 500-504
606:
605:Pursuant to
601:
593:
573:
568:
564:
556:
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547: (1961).
531:
527:
522: (1975).
508:
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470:(1939), and
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343:Amendments.
310:her before
213:Concurrence
168:Byron White
1505:Categories
496:References
300:kidnapping
294:Background
95:U.S. LEXIS
93:690; 1975
791:60, 85-86
403:Reasoning
278:jury pool
224:Rehnquist
91:L. Ed. 2d
71:Citations
1485:Edmonson
1344:(1991)**
1251:(1946)**
983:case law
875:Text of
671:522, 524
520:522, 524
484:See also
464:(1940),
458:(1942),
430:—
393:—
376:—
364:Decision
358:standing
346:—
322:—
205:Majority
1477:Glasser
1245:(1942)*
1056:History
892:Cornell
641:citing
312:robbing
268:of the
221:Dissent
119:Holding
1464:(2019)
1456:(2015)
1448:(2011)
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1226:(1986)
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1212:(1958)
1206:(1954)
1198:(1953)
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1010:(1987)
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919:Justia
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662:,
647:,
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536:,
511:,
333:Issues
282:venire
274:venire
253:(1961)
216:Burger
190:
188:·
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1481:Thiel
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308:raped
276:, or
108:Prior
1483:and
979:and
885:U.S.
857:U.S.
834:U.S.
811:U.S.
788:U.S.
766:U.S.
707:U.S.
668:U.S.
653:U.S.
635:ISBN
615:U.S.
542:U.S.
517:U.S.
84:more
76:U.S.
74:419
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1507::
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586:^
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1475:*
968:e
961:t
954:v
435:.
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351:.
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97:2
87:)
81:(
20:)
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