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lower sections contain many yellowish bricks. This points to a construction break. Another clear indication is that after the basement was finished, it was allowed to sag into the ground on the eastern side, which necessitated a layer of cut bricks to make the construction level again before building the ground floor. The ground floor itself had walls of only 1.40 m thick. Here the stairs continued to the first floor. The ground floor had windows in the south and east walls, and probably also in the west wall. The south side had a toilet and a
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431:. The basement had four openings to let in light. These were 12 cm wide on the outside, and 95 cm on the inside. The walls of the basement were over three meters thick. Inside the northwest wall were that gave access from the ground floor, which was actually very much above ground, but contained the access to the tower. The current direct access to the basement is a later breakthrough. This also goes for the access from the stairs to the later northern wing on the ground floor level.
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495:. In 1272 Florent became Floris' lieutenant in Zeeland. In 1277, this led to conflict because Florent built fortified places and made himself liege lord of other fortified places in Holland. Te Riviere Castle would have played its part in the conflict. It led to the eviction of Aleid and her son from Holland and Zeeland.
524:
The speed by which the castle was taken can be explained by its importance for the trade of the Cod cities Delft and
Schiedam. Another explanation is that at the time the castle was still so big that it could not be defended by a minor lord like Dirk of Matenesse. The citizens of Schiedam immediately
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succeeded in its ambitions when John became count of
Holland. Te Riviere Castle then became less important. Dirk of Matenesse first appears in history in 1335. In 1339, Te Riviere Castle was granted to Knight Dirk of Matenesse as a fief that could be inherited by his sons. After his death in February
520:
started in earnest after
William of Bavaria came to Holland in the first days of February 1351. On 13 February he arrived in Delft, the center of the Cod party. Te Riviere Castle was taken by the Cod Alliance before 25 March. Some state that there was no siege, but in the 15th century, Simon van der
386:
on the inside at a very small distance from the main tower house. This wall was also found on the western side of the supposed outer bailey. It was even known that the wall extended into the moat a bit from the 'keep'. The supposition that it had formed one continuous wall would seem obvious, but it
394:
The conclusion from the archaeological evidence was that in about 1265, the construction of a large 45 by 50 m (almost) square castle with square corner tower was started. On the inside of the northwest corner, was the still remaining 12 by 12 m tower house. This was cut off from the rest
333:
The current Te
Riviere Castle consists of the remains of the castle as it was when it was destroyed in 1574. A painting from around 1574 shows its earlier appearance. The current ruins consist of a 20 by 17.5 m area. On it are the lower part of a tower house and the foundations of some walls.
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was a free standing building within the square castle. It is supposed that the first phase of the castle was a solitary tower which was surrounded by the big square in about 1260. The situation of a free standing tower inside a square castle is very rare in the current
Netherlands. The only other
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Renaud also stated that the castle would have been a very exceptional construction if the 1574 situation had been the result of the original plans for the castle. The 1947-1948 excavations that Renaud led, allowed him to draw a floor plan of the tower house and part of the 1574 outer bailey. This
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The brick used in the foundation of the tower was the biggest found on the site in 1947-1948. It generally measured 28 cm with a thickness of 7.5-8 cm, but some 31-32 cm long. Higher up the exceptional lengths are not found. The brick above the basement is generally red, while the
565:
For many years, the ruins of Te
Riviere Castle stood free outside the city walls. After archaeological investigations, the town hall offices were extended over the area between the keep and the (supposed) outer bailey. The poor visual quality of the buildings and other choices made that by the
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The project for this formidable castle was not completed. Work on the castle and especially the main tower house continued in 1300-1304, but after that the project was left unfinished. In 1339, the castle is granted to Dirk van
Matenesse, who begins to finish the main tower, leading to the 1574
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In the context of investigating the relation between the picture and archaeology, Renaud then did something that was scientifically correct, but would later be proven wrong. With respect to the northern wall of the outer bailey, he concluded that this was a replacement of a wall from 1300. For
536:
From the above, it can be assumed that Dirk then built the north wing, and that the southwest wing of the keep was built before 1400. In 1426, the castle might have been plundered by Willem Nagel. Meanwhile the
Matenesse family held on to the castle, aided by the easy inheritance conditions.
557:(1568-1648) was fatal to the castle. In 1574, the Republican soldiers on the castle twice caused a fire. The citizens of Schiedam then demolished the castle by pulling over its walls, which were found in the moats exactly 400 years later. The upper part of the tower was also demolished.
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with a sink of red stone. The north wall had a fireplace. From a drawing we know that the first floor had two windows in the east wall. It might be that the stairs protruded from the tower at this level, as is shown by the 1574 painting. Above the first floor was a
346:, and that the remaining southwestern part was divided in two, and got two west-facing stepped gables, leading to a consistency between the painting, and the archaeological evidence. Renaud concluded that the painting indeed reflected the 1574 appearance.
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1345 it was granted to his brother Daniël of
Matenesse in May 1345. In September 1346, it was granted as a fief that could be inherited by his siblings and children. By 1350, the castle was inhabited, but probably not finished yet.
265:(house on the river) sounds suspiciously romantic, but was actually the first accepted name of the castle in medieval times. At the time, and in its context, 'house' meant a type of castle. The river was the river Merwede. After the
465:
It has been claimed that the castle did not exist yet in 1268. Others claim that the big tower was surrounded by the square castle in 1260. The castle is mentioned for the first time as a castle on 18 March 1275, when
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The theory that the oldest castle had been a formidable square castle became logical, when in 1962 archaeologists found that the southern wall of the supposed outer bailey was very similar. See 1975 floor plan.
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was not. The construction date of Te
Riviere Castle lay before the date that the square castle type appeared in Holland, and it would lead to a very large castle suddenly appearing in the history of Holland.
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The base of the tower house measures 12 by 12 meters. The wing north of it measures 8 by 17.5 m. The remaining southwestern space measured 12.5 by 5.5 m. In an investigation, Dutch archaeologist
528:
Dirk is now qualified as a 'not so fanatic' Hook, who changed to the Cod side before 28 December 1351. Dirk's lands were not forfeited. The historian De Geer suggested that Daniël changed sides.
354:
Renaud, Te Riviere was a small castle with an outer bailey, comparable to Middelburg Castle near Alkmaar. However, subsequent archaeological research would lead to very different conclusions.
285:. The current Nieuwe Maas is only fed by the Rhine. Its shore is now about 1.5 km south of the castle, but this reroute of its bed already started in the 13th century.
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476:, i.e. Schiedam. In 1276, Aleid gave the abbey of Koningsveld the right to appoint one of its brothers to service the castle's chapel in exchange for 10 pounds a year.
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took action after the siege, and demolished most of the huge castle. In the end Dirk was left with not much more than the keep, and a huge heap of rubble.
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710:"Iets nopens Heer Diederik, Heer van Brederode, en de Water- en Landslagen, tussen Hertog Willem van Beieren, en zijn moeder keizerin Margareta"
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By 2021, the plans include ideas to make the remaining ruins more visible. These are now dwarfed by the municipality offices.
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Huiszittend Leeven, bevattende eenige mengelstoffen betrekkelijk tot de letter-, historie- en oudheid-kunde van Nederland
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619:"De ontwikkeling gedurende de dertiende eeuw van het verdedigbare bakstenen huis in het Maasmondgebied"
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Sluys stated that Daniël of Matenesse had surrendered the castle to those of Delft after a siege.
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solved the very important question whether the old painting reflected the pre-1574 situation.
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Middeleeuwse woontorens in Nederland: de bouwhistorische benadering van een kasteelvorm
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304:) known as House te Riviere in 1339. The castle then took the name of its proprietor.
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From above: the basement with vault parts, and the ground floor with thinner walls.
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Proeve eener geschiedenis van het geslacht en de goederen der Heeren van Matenesse
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Groot charterboek der graaven van Holland, van Zeeland, en heeren van Vriesland
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Groot charterboek der graaven van Holland, van Zeeland, en heeren van Vriesland
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628:, no. 5, Historische Vereniging voor Zuid-Holland, pp. 201–239
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The wall along the water shows remains of the buttresses of the enceinte
644:, no. 2, Historische Vereniging voor Zuid-Holland, pp. 89–196
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Berichten van de Rijkdienst voor het Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek
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The high basement of the tower was closed by a still discernible
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did not yet exist. Therefore the preferred route for traffic to
603:"Oudheidkundig bodemonderzoek te rotterdam en omgeving in 1962"
223:, Schiedam was built. At the time the branches of the Schie to
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concluded that the small west side of the northern wing had a
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and lordship. Lord Dirk of Matenesse acquired the castle (
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635:"Schiedam. Een historisch-archeologisch stadsonderzoek"
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487:(1254-1296), Aleid became his regent. Aleid had a son
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Huis te Riviere / Matenesse at Kastelen in Nederland
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690:, Rijkdienst voor het Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek
374:1975 map of second half XIIIth century situation
277:became its main bed. The Lek now flows into the
209:The first reference to the place was in 1268 as
566:2010s, there were plans to redevelop the area.
8:
716:, vol. II–I, Johannes Allart, Amsterdam
483:. William II (1227-1256) had a son and heir
479:Aleid (c.1260-1284) was the sister of count
596:, Faculty of Archeology , Leiden University
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255:'Huis te Rivier now Matenes' on a 1698 map.
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612:, Stadsarchief Rotterdam, pp. 103–107
470:gave city rights to her new city near the
281:, but in medieval times this was known as
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677:, vol. II, Pieter vander Eyk, Leyden
642:Holland, regionaal-historisch tijdschrift
626:Holland, regionaal-historisch tijdschrift
378:The current ruins show the remains of an
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666:, vol. I, Pieter vander Eyk, Leyden
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1101:The castle in the Kaartboek van Potter
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395:of the castle by a small inside moat.
294:. Matenesse was the name of a nearby
243:passed along the site of the castle.
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1081:"B&W wil metamorfose Stadserf"
684:"Het Huis te Riviere Zuid-Holland"
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703:, Historische Vereniging Schiedam
491:and 5 younger sons, amongst them
424:dating from about the same time.
329:Floor plan of the 1574 situation.
192:) is a ruinous castle located in
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26:Huis te Riviere, Huis Mathenesse
420:examples that comes to mind is
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701:De Geschiedenis van Schiedam
288:The castle is also known as
532:Mathenesse Castle till 1574
415:The remaining big tower or
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708:Van Wijn, Hendrik (1812),
671:Van Mieris, Frans (1754),
660:Van Mieris, Frans (1753),
485:Floris V, Count of Holland
358:A formidable square castle
321:Western façade before 1574
259:The castle's current name
212:Woninghe ter Nieuwer Schie
50:Ruins of Te Riviere Castle
1085:Schiedam 24 altijd nieuws
652:Geschiedenis van Schiedam
585:, Kemink en Zoon, Utrecht
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1124:Castles in South Holland
590:Hermans, D.B.M. (2013),
697:"Ruïne Huis te Riviere"
682:Renaud, J.G.N. (1955),
269:had been diverted near
579:De Geer, J.J. (1850),
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308:Castle Characteristics
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108:51.918177°N 4.402936°E
695:Rosman, Siem (2012),
610:Rotterdams Jaarboekje
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481:William II of Holland
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403:The big tower or keep
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541:The 1574 destruction
1087:. 17 December 2020.
468:Adelaide of Holland
461:Holland vs. Avesnes
113:51.918177; 4.402936
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422:Oud Haerlem Castle
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271:Wijk bij Duurstede
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235:and further on to
215:(House on the new
38:, the Netherlands
1129:Hook and Cod wars
649:Maas, A. (1861),
633:Hoek, C. (1975),
617:Hoek, C. (1972),
601:Hoek, C. (1963),
561:Current situation
555:Eighty Years' War
518:Hook and Cod Wars
291:Huis Mat(h)enesse
200:Location and Name
186:Te Riviere Castle
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19:Te Riviere Castle
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155:Site history
137:Open to
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901:Renaud 1955
889:Renaud 1955
874:Renaud 1955
804:Renaud 1955
792:Renaud 1955
780:Renaud 1955
417:tower house
340:Jaap Renaud
279:Nieuwe Maas
221:Nieuwe Maas
111: /
87:Coordinates
34:Broersvest
1118:Categories
573:References
512:1351 siege
384:buttresses
229:Delfshaven
96:51°55′05″N
1056:Hoek 1975
1041:Hoek 1975
1014:Hoek 1975
966:Hoek 1975
937:Hoek 1975
862:Hoek 1972
847:Hoek 1972
835:Hoek 1963
746:Maas 1861
267:Old Rhine
225:Rotterdam
168:Materials
147:Condition
99:4°24′11″E
446:hip roof
399:castle.
380:enceinte
205:Location
194:Schiedam
36:Schiedam
549:In 1971
456:History
450:merlons
283:Merwede
241:Haarlem
441:Lavabo
439:for a
296:polder
237:Leiden
176:Events
127:Castle
722:Notes
638:(PDF)
622:(PDF)
606:(PDF)
448:with
437:niche
382:with
301:Burch
247:Names
233:Delft
217:Schie
171:Brick
160:Built
553:The
516:The
489:John
239:and
227:and
163:1262
150:Ruin
124:Type
275:Lek
1120::
1083:.
1048:^
1033:^
956:^
881:^
854:^
811:^
770:^
753:^
712:,
699:,
686:,
640:,
624:,
608:,
452:.
142:No
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