235:
evil. The heads were later carried around the country by adherents of Pai Mārire as they spread Te Ua's gospel. A series of engagements between Hauhau followers, led by key members of Te Ua's religion, and government forces followed. These resulted in defeats, which Te Ua put down to his followers not adhering to his instructions.
225:
Although he appears to have been considered an eccentric for some time prior to establishing his faith, particularly among the colonists, Te Ua found a receptive audience in the local Māori and was soon attributed to having performed miracles. Many Māori in
Taranaki were alienated from the government
292:
Te Ua recognised that the conflict with the government could not continue and commenced discussions with officials to end it. These were unsuccessful in face of likely retribution in the form of land confiscation, which only hardened the resolve to resist the government. There was also the threat of
288:
on 2 March 1865. This created considerable anger among the colonists and following this event, Hauhau became a term used to describe any anti-government Māori. Ngāti Porou, aligned with the government, sent forces to fight against the militant Hauhau followers in the area. This resulted in conflict
234:
The Hauhau came into conflict with the government in April 1864, when followers of Te Ua ambushed and killed several soldiers at Ahuahu, in
Taranaki. The bodies were decapitated and Te Ua took possession of the heads, which had been preserved, considering them a symbol of the triumph of good over
320:, had his residence. His confinement ended in June and he was permitted to return to Taranaki, where he encouraged the local Māori to cease their hostile actions against the government. He died in October 1866 at Ōeo. The cause of death may have been tuberculosis.
293:
the introduction of government troops into the
Taranaki. In the interim, Te Ua continued to preach, advocating for Māori rights for land not yet sold. His religion continued to expand, gaining followers and new prophets were consecrated at the end of 1865.
246:, advocated for peace and sought reconciliation, corresponding with government officials as well as colonists. The Māori King became an adherent of Te Ua, and visited him. This caused further tension with the government, which was threatened by the
218:(news) to his followers. A key ritual was creating poles strung with ropes and flags, the noise of which as they cracked in the wind, were believed to carried messages. By the following year, he had completed what he called
199:
was at hand and that he, Te Ua, had been selected as a prophet of God. He was ordered to overthrow the control of the colonists so that the Māori people could reclaim their right to the land.
152:(Māori King Movement) and also engaged in the anti-land-selling movement, protesting the acquisition by settlers of Māori land in the Taranaki. He fought against the government in the
587:
562:
276:. However, disobeying his instructions to proceed peacefully, Kereopa instead agitated for action to be taken against the missionaries as he travelled across the
254:
as Pai Mārire expanded; some saw it as a threat to their own independence within Māoridom. The government supported those factions that were against Pai Mārire.
425:
Te Ata o Tū: The Shadow of Tūmatauenga: The New
Zealand Wars Collections of Te Papa: The Shadow of Tūmatauenga, The New Zealand Wars Collections of Te Papa
308:, leading a government expedition to the Taranaki for the purpose of suppressing the Māori dissidents in the area. He was placed under house arrest at
116:(tribe). His father Tūtawake died soon after his son's birth and Te Ua was captured, along with his mother Paihaka, during a 1826 raid mounted by the
33:
543:
340:, a war leader in Taranaki, was another influenced by the teachings of Te Ua, and combined elements of Pai Mārire into his own religion.
384:
389:
210:(goodness and peace) and much of his teachings were derived from the parables of Jesus. He called his church Hauhau, in homage to
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land, was considered to be trespass, an act that warranted death. Te Ua wanted the goods recovered from the ship to be taken to
313:
597:
302:
572:
146:
Te Ua returned to the
Taranaki in 1840, joining the Wesleyan mission at Waimate. By the 1850s he was a supporter of the
139:
missionary, established a mission station in Kāwhia, Te Ua was baptised as Horopāpera, a transliteration of the name
567:
132:
332:
movement and Tāwhiao, who had been baptised by Te Ua in 1864, ensured its teachings were spread throughout the
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movement, which became hostile and engaged in military conflict against the New
Zealand government during the
592:
281:
148:
127:. There was a Christian presence in the area, and Te Ua was taught to read and write and also studied the
457:
577:
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222:(the gospel of Ua), a book of his prayers and gospel. He himself assumed the name Haumēne (Windman).
582:
226:
due to the ongoing disputes over customary land and there was also animosity towards missionaries.
88:
202:
Te Ua began setting up a church and writing prayers and doctrines for his faith, which he called
196:
153:
243:
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law and espousing
Christian love, Te Ua had a vision a few days afterwards. He claimed that the
539:
422:
Baker, Matiu; Cooper, Catherine
Elizabeth; Fitzgerald, Michael; Rice, Rebecca (1 March 2024).
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and considered to be
Christianity untainted by the teaching of missionaries. A key aspect was
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Beyond
Betrayal: Trouble in the Promised Land – Restoring the Mission to Māori
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184:. Instead, they were plundered. Troubled by the tension between enforcing
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172:, the Māori King. The grounding on 1 September 1862 of the mail steamer
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112:
143:. He was also known as Horopāpera Tūwhakaroro at this time.
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257:
At the end of the year, a key leader of the Hauhau,
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58:
50:
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83:religious leader during the 1860s. He founded the
527:Hauhauism: An Episode in the Maori Wars 1863–1866
250:movement. Another issue was the tension between
156:, serving as a chaplain to the Māori warriors.
265:to gain support for the Pai Mārire among the
8:
280:. This culminated in the murder of Reverend
195:proclaimed the last days as foretold in the
529:. Wellington, New Zealand: Reed Publishing.
31:
20:
289:which continued, on and off, until 1872.
588:Military leaders of the New Zealand Wars
538:. Auckland, New Zealand: Penguin Books.
462:Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
451:
449:
447:
482:
458:"Te Ua Haumēne – Pai Mārire and Hauhau"
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373:
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123:. Enslaved, their captors took them to
107:, in the early 1820s, Te Ua was of the
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363:
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359:
357:
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328:Pai Mārire continued to influence the
301:In February 1866 Te Ua surrendered to
7:
502:. Ministry of Culture & Heritage
464:. Ministry of Culture & Heritage
284:, a supporter of the government, at
563:New Zealand Māori religious leaders
385:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
238:In the meantime, Te Ua, living at
164:By 1861, Te Ua was in charge of a
14:
390:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
525:Babbage, Stuart Barton (1937).
1:
37:Te Ua Haumēne in about 1866
614:
30:
160:Foundation of Pai Mārire
314:Governor of New Zealand
534:Newman, Keith (2013).
176:at Te Namu, which was
103:Born at Waiaua, South
598:Founders of religions
573:People from Taranaki
214:(wind) carrying the
500:New Zealand History
89:Second Taranaki War
197:Book of Revelation
154:First Taranaki War
79:was a New Zealand
545:978-0-143-57051-6
485:, pp. 24–26.
412:, pp. 98–99.
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428:. Te Papa Press.
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380:"Te Ua Haumēne"
378:Head, Lyndsay.
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318:Sir George Grey
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244:Waitōtara River
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67:Known for
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303:Major General
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133:John Whiteley
131:. Soon after
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129:New Testament
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93:East Cape War
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77:Te Ua Haumēne
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54:~October 1866
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34:
29:
25:Te Ua Haumēne
22:
19:
578:1820s births
535:
526:
504:. Retrieved
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496:"Pai Mārire"
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483:Babbage 1937
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466:. Retrieved
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439:Babbage 1937
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424:
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393:. Retrieved
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334:King Country
329:
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312:, where the
310:Kawau Island
306:Trevor Chute
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282:Carl Völkner
278:North Island
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18:
583:1866 deaths
410:Newman 2013
267:Ngāti Porou
242:, near the
220:Ua Rongopai
59:Nationality
557:Categories
519:References
338:Tītokowaru
297:Later life
248:Kīngitanga
208:pai mārire
204:Pai Mārire
149:Kīngitanga
141:Zerubbabel
99:Early life
85:Pai Mārire
330:Kīngitana
263:East Cape
190:archangel
240:Pākaraka
230:Conflict
137:Wesleyan
109:Taranaki
105:Taranaki
91:and the
286:Ōpōtiki
274:Tūranga
193:Gabriel
186:Kingite
178:Kingite
170:Tāwhiao
166:rūnanga
118:Waikato
542:
506:22 May
468:22 May
395:22 May
324:Legacy
125:Kāwhia
344:Notes
81:Māori
62:Māori
46:~1820
540:ISBN
508:2021
470:2021
397:2021
135:, a
51:Died
43:Born
272:of
270:iwi
252:iwi
216:niu
212:hau
121:iwi
113:iwi
559::
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460:.
446:^
388:.
382:.
352:^
336:.
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