32:
1176:
97:
186:
236:
251:. The links can pivot about these pins. The lowermost link of the parallelogram is fixed to two rigid supports. One vertical link at one end is connected to a profile tracer, which traces the profile of the letter to be drawn, and the second vertical link and the other horizontal link are jointly connected to a pencil that draws the exact shape of the profile traced.
323:
852:
217:. If a horizontal line is drawn exactly at the center, then the difference in the areas of the triangle above the line and the trapezium below the line is much larger. This creates an unusual effect to our eyes.)
292:– The nominal size is typically one of the sequence 2.5 mm, 3.5 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, 10 mm, 14 mm, 20 mm. Successive members of this sequence are approximately in a ratio of the
227:" style, i.e., with a constant line thickness; either "straight gothic", with vertical strokes perpendicular to the baseline, or "inclined gothic", with vertical strokes at about 75°.
280:
as the height of the line element, then the two standard ratios for d/h are: 1/14 and 1/10, which are feasible because they result in a minimum number of line thicknesses.
61:
993:
209:
etc. wider than the upper parts, or by drawing the horizontal line at the center of these letters just above their geometric axis. (Exception: In case of the letter
1028:
201:
are unavoidably top-heavy. In other cases the stability and grace of the letters may be maintained either by drawing the lower parts of the letters like
922:
Giesecke, Fredrick; Alva
Mitchell; Alva Mitchell; Henry C. Spencer; Ivan Leroy Hill; John Thomas Dygdon; James E. Novak; Shawna D. Lockhart (2008).
977:
931:
1021:
941:
331:
The size of letter is described by its height. According to the height of letters, they are classified as
Lettering A or Lettering B.
83:
888:
193:
The letters to be drawn, though freehanded, should be stable and graceful. In some cases stability is impossible; for example,
1292:
1014:
286:– The nominal size (h) and the spacing between characters (a) shall be taken as the basis for defining the central line.
269:
is the imaginary line in the middle of each line or line element which is a constitutive part of a graphic character set.
1375:
1332:
44:
54:
48:
40:
1360:
119:
and uniformity, styles are standardized and lettering ability has little relationship to normal writing ability.
310:– The lettering may be vertical (upright) or inclined (sloped) to the right at 75° from the horizontal. Compare
65:
1123:
1083:
962:
174:
108:
908:
1113:
1175:
1365:
1339:
1153:
853:
List of
International Organization for Standardization standards, 1-4999 § ISO 1000 – ISO 1499
120:
1370:
1302:
1268:
1235:
1205:
1165:
1078:
1042:
1038:
987:
317:
The spacing between two characters may be reduced by half, if this gives a better visual effect.
115:. It is used to describe, or provide detailed specifications for, an object. With the goals of
1240:
1148:
1093:
1073:
973:
927:
167:
112:
20:
127:
script, formed by a series of short strokes. Lower case letters are rare in most drawings of
1200:
1141:
1136:
1103:
293:
142:
is done without the assistance of tools. To regulate lettering height, commonly 3 mm (
1284:
1259:
1118:
1063:
945:
859:
1006:
1220:
1088:
959:
Engineering
Drawing Practice for Schools and Colleges: SP46(Bureau of Indian Standards)
96:
320:
Various letters are divided into number of parts so that dimensions will be accurate.
247:, a device consisting of four bars ("links") which are pinned to each other to form a
1354:
1316:
1210:
1195:
1068:
1058:
892:
847:
248:
162:
is done using tools such as lettering guides, templates, or using a small mechanical
220:
Emphasis should be on the overall beauty of a word, rather than individual letters.
153:
1309:
1245:
1225:
311:
185:
1323:
1297:
1098:
263:
is defined by the height (h) of the outline contour of the upper-case (capital).
235:
1215:
1160:
613:
360:
301:
244:
224:
163:
124:
116:
1274:
1264:
1108:
213:, the horizontal member is drawn below the geometric center, to maintain
1252:
1190:
297:
128:
1000:
872:
322:
321:
234:
184:
95:
189:
Technical
Lettering. Similar to ISOCP font, available in AutoCAD.
1010:
963:
A textbook of freehand lettering by
Daniels, Frank Thomas 1865
25:
1003:
in the
Engineering Section of Integrated Publishing Website
107:
is the process of forming letters, numerals, and other
968:
K.L. Narayana, P.Kannaiah, K. Venkata Reddy (2008).
1283:
1183:
1049:
942:"Leroy Lettering & Lettering Templates/Guides"
16:Standardized style of writing in technical drawing
215:equality of areas below and above the center line
972:. NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL(P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS.
53:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
243:Mechanical lettering is sometimes done using a
1022:
8:
1330:
1321:
1307:
1250:
992:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1029:
1015:
1007:
84:Learn how and when to remove this message
592:
339:
891:. Kent State University. Archived from
985:
223:Most freehand lettering is done in a "
276:as the width of the line element and
7:
239:K & E LEROY lettering set (1959)
729:Minimum spacing of base characters
476:Minimum spacing of base characters
173:Modern drawings are lettered with
14:
1174:
30:
924:Technical Drawing 13th Edition
1:
1293:Barchowsky Fluent Handwriting
766:Minimum spacing between words
513:Minimum spacing between words
261:The Nominal Size of lettering
100:A technical lettering stencil
1333:Vereinfachte Ausgangsschrift
1001:Topic: Mechanical Lettering
653:Height of lower case letters
400:Height of lower case letters
970:Machine Drawing 3rd Edition
887:Zurbuch (24 January 2005).
1394:
692:Spacing between characters
439:Spacing between characters
135:Methods of forming letters
18:
1172:
604:
351:
284:Location of Central Lines
39:This article includes a
19:Not to be confused with
875:. Integrated Publishing
326:Dimensioning of Letters
68:more precise citations.
1331:
1322:
1308:
1251:
655:(without stem or tail)
402:(without stem or tail)
327:
290:Range of Nominal Sizes
240:
190:
101:
889:"Technical Lettering"
325:
255:Dimensions of letters
238:
188:
175:computer-aided design
99:
873:"Freehand lettering"
231:Mechanical lettering
160:Mechanical lettering
121:Engineering drawings
1376:Western calligraphy
1231:Technical lettering
895:on 20 February 2020
166:referred to by the
105:Technical lettering
1303:Getty-Dubay Italic
1269:Ukrainian skoropys
803:Thickness of lines
614:Height of capitals
550:Thickness of lines
361:Height of capitals
328:
241:
191:
181:Freehand lettering
170:trademark "Leroy"
140:Freehand lettering
102:
41:list of references
1361:Technical drawing
1348:
1347:
979:978-81-224-1917-7
933:978-0-13-513527-3
926:. Prentice Hall.
839:
838:
586:
585:
168:Keuffel and Esser
125:Gothic sans-serif
113:technical drawing
94:
93:
86:
21:Technical writing
1383:
1336:
1327:
1313:
1285:Teaching scripts
1256:
1178:
1137:Serbian Cyrillic
1031:
1024:
1017:
1008:
997:
991:
983:
956:
954:
953:
944:. Archived from
937:
918:
916:
915:
904:
902:
900:
883:
881:
880:
610:Lettering Height
605:Dimensions (mm)
593:
357:Lettering Height
352:Dimensions (mm)
340:
294:square root of 2
151:
150:
146:
89:
82:
78:
75:
69:
64:this article by
55:inline citations
34:
33:
26:
1393:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1279:
1260:Russian cursive
1179:
1170:
1051:
1045:
1035:
984:
980:
967:
951:
949:
940:
934:
921:
913:
911:
907:
898:
896:
886:
878:
876:
871:
868:
860:Lettering guide
844:
654:
611:
591:
401:
358:
338:
308:Lettering Angle
272:If we consider
257:
233:
183:
148:
144:
143:
137:
90:
79:
73:
70:
59:
45:related reading
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1353:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1314:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1262:
1257:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1124:Early Cyrillic
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1089:Insular script
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1011:
1005:
1004:
998:
978:
965:
960:
957:
938:
932:
919:
905:
884:
867:
864:
863:
862:
857:
856:
855:
843:
840:
837:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
809:
804:
800:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
772:
767:
763:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
735:
730:
726:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
698:
693:
689:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
661:
656:
650:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
622:
617:
607:
606:
603:
600:
597:
596:Characteristic
590:
587:
584:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
556:
551:
547:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
519:
514:
510:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
482:
477:
473:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
445:
440:
436:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
408:
403:
397:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
369:
364:
354:
353:
350:
347:
344:
343:Characteristic
337:
334:
333:
332:
329:
318:
315:
305:
287:
281:
270:
264:
256:
253:
232:
229:
182:
179:
136:
133:
92:
91:
49:external links
38:
36:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1389:
1388:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1002:
999:
995:
989:
981:
975:
971:
966:
964:
961:
958:
948:on 2010-09-13
947:
943:
939:
935:
929:
925:
920:
910:
906:
894:
890:
885:
874:
870:
869:
865:
861:
858:
854:
851:
850:
849:
848:CAD standards
846:
845:
841:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
814:
810:
808:
805:
802:
801:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
777:
773:
771:
768:
765:
764:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
740:
736:
734:
731:
728:
727:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
703:
699:
697:
694:
691:
690:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
666:
662:
660:
657:
652:
651:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
627:
623:
621:
618:
615:
609:
608:
601:
598:
595:
594:
588:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
561:
557:
555:
552:
549:
548:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
524:
520:
518:
515:
512:
511:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
487:
483:
481:
478:
475:
474:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
450:
446:
444:
441:
438:
437:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
413:
409:
407:
404:
399:
398:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
374:
370:
368:
365:
362:
356:
355:
348:
345:
342:
341:
335:
330:
324:
319:
316:
313:
309:
306:
303:
299:
295:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
275:
271:
268:
265:
262:
259:
258:
254:
252:
250:
249:parallelogram
246:
237:
230:
228:
226:
221:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
187:
180:
178:
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
155:
141:
134:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
98:
88:
85:
77:
67:
63:
57:
56:
50:
46:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
1340:Zaner-Bloser
1310:Grundschrift
1230:
1052:and medieval
969:
950:. Retrieved
946:the original
923:
912:. Retrieved
897:. Retrieved
893:the original
877:. Retrieved
812:
806:
775:
769:
738:
732:
701:
695:
664:
658:
625:
619:
559:
553:
522:
516:
485:
479:
448:
442:
411:
405:
372:
366:
312:oblique type
307:
296:, as in the
289:
283:
277:
273:
267:Central Line
266:
260:
242:
222:
219:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
192:
172:
159:
158:
139:
138:
104:
103:
80:
71:
60:Please help
52:
1236:Copperplate
1099:Blackletter
1084:Carolingian
1079:Merovingian
1039:handwritten
589:Lettering B
336:Lettering A
302:paper sizes
156:are drawn.
74:August 2021
66:introducing
1366:Typography
1355:Categories
1241:Spencerian
1161:Court hand
1149:Glagolitic
1094:Beneventan
1074:Visigothic
952:2010-01-06
914:2008-10-16
899:16 October
879:2008-10-16
866:References
300:series of
245:pantograph
177:software.
164:pantograph
154:guidelines
117:legibility
109:characters
1371:Standards
1324:SĂĽtterlin
1298:D'Nealian
1275:Shorthand
1221:Secretary
1201:Johannine
1166:Lombardic
1142:BosanÄŤica
1131:Poluustav
1041:European
1037:Types of
988:cite book
599:Parameter
346:Parameter
1265:Skoropis
1206:Humanist
1196:Chancery
1114:Georgian
1109:Bastarda
909:"Unit 3"
842:See also
129:machines
1253:Kurrent
1226:Library
1191:Cursive
1154:Angular
1104:Rotunda
1050:Ancient
1043:scripts
737:(14/10)
669:—
624:(10/10)
484:(20/14)
416:—
410:(10/14)
371:(14/14)
298:ISO 216
147:⁄
62:improve
1317:Palmer
1211:Italic
1184:Modern
1069:Uncial
1064:Rustic
976:
930:
811:(1/10)
774:(6/10)
700:(2/10)
663:(7/10)
602:Ratio
558:(1/14)
521:(6/14)
447:(2/14)
349:Ratio
225:gothic
152:-in),
123:use a
1246:Ronde
1216:Round
1128:Ustav
1119:Greek
1059:Roman
508:28.0
434:14.0
395:20.0
47:, or
994:link
974:ISBN
928:ISBN
901:2008
820:0.35
817:0.25
783:2.10
780:1.50
758:20.0
752:10.0
746:5.00
743:3.50
709:0.70
706:0.50
684:10.0
672:2.50
645:14.0
633:3.50
630:2.50
582:1.4
570:0.35
567:0.25
564:0.18
545:8.4
533:2.10
530:1.50
527:1.05
502:14.0
499:10.0
496:7.00
493:5.00
490:3.50
471:2.8
459:0.70
456:0.50
453:0.35
422:3.50
419:2.50
389:10.0
383:5.00
380:3.50
377:2.50
197:and
832:1.4
826:0.7
823:0.5
798:12
795:8.4
789:4.2
786:3.0
761:28
749:7.0
721:2.8
715:1.4
712:1.0
687:14
678:5.0
675:3.5
648:20
639:7.0
636:5.0
576:0.7
573:0.5
539:4.2
536:3.0
465:1.4
462:1.0
428:7.0
425:5.0
386:7.0
111:in
1357::
990:}}
986:{{
835:2
755:14
724:4
642:10
505:20
431:10
392:14
131:.
51:,
43:,
1271:)
1267:(
1030:e
1023:t
1016:v
996:)
982:.
955:.
936:.
917:.
903:.
882:.
829:1
813:h
807:d
792:6
776:h
770:e
739:h
733:b
718:2
702:h
696:a
681:7
665:h
659:c
626:h
620:h
616:)
612:(
579:1
560:h
554:d
542:6
523:h
517:e
486:h
480:b
468:2
449:h
443:a
412:h
406:c
373:h
367:h
363:)
359:(
314:.
304:.
278:h
274:d
211:A
207:E
205:,
203:B
199:F
195:P
149:8
145:1
87:)
81:(
76:)
72:(
58:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
