413:) and the Lyndon B. Johnson administration as potentially dangerous to national interests. At a teach-in organized by the Universities Committee on Problems of War and Peace, 13 undercover agents attended and identified students, faculty, speakers, and activists by name and affiliation, passing the information to the FBI. A Senate study, "The Anti-Vietnam Agitation and the Teach-In Movement," was prepared in October 1965 by the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws. This report stated, "In reality, the great majority of teach-ins (there were a few notable exceptions to this rule) have had absolutely nothing in common with the procedures of fair debate or the process of education. In practice, they were a combination of an indoctrination session, a political protest demonstration, an endurance contest, and a variety show." The study claimed that teach-ins were a form of Communist activity, noting that "people of known Communist background were frequently involved."
444:"In raising anti-war consciousness in the nation as a whole, far beyond the academic community, the teach-ins were an historic turning point in the politics of the Vietnam War. ... This liberal bias of the teach-in movement, however, was one of the too-many-reasons-to-recount-here why the academic community lost its leadership role as fast as it had gained it. Part of the problem was that as soon as the teach-in movement politicized the counterculture, the latter began to counterculturalize the politics. Hence the tension between the political and the carnival in the student left as it moved from liberal protest to radical resistance and campus violence... Alienated by the left students’ tactics, the largely liberal anti-war public reverted to traditional modes of protest, although the marches and demonstrations were now massive in scale, varied in social composition and increasingly joined by establishment politicians." —Marshall Sahlins in
128:
435:"The 1965 teach-ins were significant, in fact, more because of their very organization than for their novelty or the extent of student protest. They legitimized dissent at the outset of the war. The vacuum of understanding which they exposed created a market for information. … Moreover, the 1965 teach-ins served to identify a coterie of academic experts who challenged national policy, helped to make connections among them, and established them as an alternative source of information and understanding." —
397:; and others. The proceedings were recorded and broadcast, many of them live, by Berkeley FM station KPFA. Excerpts from the speeches by Lynd, Wildavsky, Scheer, Potter, Krassner, Moses (credited as Bob Parris, his middle name), Spock, Stone, Gregory, and Arnoni were released the following year as an LP by Folkways Records, FD5765. An online archive, including recordings and transcripts of many of the participants, is maintained by the Library of the University of California, Berkeley.
456:. Students, faculty, and other activists involved in the teach-ins would go on to organize other antiwar protests, including the 20,000-person rally at the Washington Monument in April 1965. Teach-ins have continued through the decades since 1965 in response to other national crises, including climate change.
118:
were also involved. Women students who attended received special permission to stay out during the night. Bomb threats emptied the hall three times over the course of the teach-in, sending participants into the freezing cold, where they continued their activities. Other
Michigan students in the Young
109:
at the
University of Michigan at Ann Arbor on March 24–25, 1965. Michigan governor George Romney and other politicians still opposed the event. The teach-in was attended by about 3,500 people and consisted of debates, lectures, movies, and musical events aimed at protesting the war. Michigan faculty
496:
spoke at the
Democracy Teach-Ins, which were coordinated in their first years by Ben Manski. The Democracy Teach-ins were coordinated on hundreds of campuses at once, and were intended to build campus-based networks of pro-democracy activists. The 1999 Democracy Teach-Ins, in particular, played a
201:
Not all college students at the time were antiwar protesters, however. At many teach-ins, pro-war students showed up to protest or signed letters of support for college administration, including at Kent State
University, the University of Wisconsin, and Yale University.
234:
and Robert A. Scalapino, who had agreed to speak in defense of
President Johnson's handling of the war, withdrew at the last minute. An empty chair was set aside on the stage with a sign reading "Reserved for the State Department" taped to the back.
422:" stroke of genius out there in Michigan ... put the debate on the map for the whole academic community. And you could not be an intellectual after those teach-ins and not think a lot and express yourself and defend your ideas about Vietnam." —
512:
Teach-ins have more recently been used by environmental educators. The ‘2010 Imperative: A Global
Emergency Teach-in’ was held on February 20, 2007, at the New York Academy of Science and organized by Architecture 2030, led by architect
62:
of the
University of Michigan at Ann Arbor during a meeting on March 17, 1965. Previously, around 50 faculty members had signed onto a one-day teaching strike to oppose the Vietnam War. About a dozen of these faculty members, including
79:, and Roger Lind, reconsidered the strike and gathered to discuss alternative ways to protest the war in the face of strong opposition to the strike from the Michigan legislature and governor as well as the university president. The
139:. It went on to inspire 35 more teach-ins on college campuses within the next week. By the end of the year, there had been teach-ins at 120 campuses. Antiwar teach-ins were held until the end of the Vietnam War. These included:
38:, and oriented toward action. While they include experts lecturing on their area of expertise, discussion and questions from the audience are welcome, even mid-lecture. "Teach-ins" were popularized during the U.S. government's
1135:
The Anti-Vietnam
Agitation and the Teach-In Movement: A Study Prepared for the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws to the Committee on the
2762:
553:
In 2017 and 2018, the
University of Michigan ran a number of free online “Teach-Outs” on topics such as free speech, fake news, hurricanes, and science communications. Some of the Teach-Outs were hosted on
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230:
is now located. Over the course of 36 hours, an estimated 30,000 people attended the event. The State
Department was invited by the VDC to send a representative, but declined. UC Berkeley professors
83:
summed up how Sahlins arrived at the idea: "They say we're neglecting our responsibilities as teachers. Let's show them how responsible we feel. Instead of teaching out, we'll teach in—all night."
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In 2018, the University of Michigan and the University of Notre Dame partnered to offer a series of teach-ins and an online "Teach-Out" on Puerto Rico's hurricane recovery efforts.
119:
Republicans organization picketed the event, protesting "anti-American policy." The teach-in ended the next morning, concluding with a 600-person rally on the steps of the library.
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2018:
367:
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held teach-ins on racial justice and other related issues during a strike against the college for its refusal to meet the demands proposed by Black and other POC students.
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is similar to a general educational forum on any complicated issue, usually an issue involving current political affairs. The main difference between a teach-in and a
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1082:"The Pacifica Radio/UC Berkeley Social Activism Sound Recording Project:Anti-Vietnam War Protests in the San Francisco Bay Area & Beyond"
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generally. These began under the name of the 'National Teach-Ins on Corporations, Education, and Democracy' in 1996 and continued on as the '
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held teach-ins on a range of issues while occupying the George Square lecture theatre in support of the University College Union strikes.
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is the refusal to limit the discussion to a specific time frame or a strict academic scope. Teach-ins are meant to be practical,
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in March 1965, began with a discussion of the Vietnam War draft and ended in the early morning with a speech by philosopher
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1722:"We spoke to the George Square occupiers about what they're doing and what it's like living in a lecture theatre"
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The Michigan teach-in received national press, including an article published in the March 25, 1965 issue of the
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1177:"Corporations And Democracy Teach-in, October, 13-19, 1996 [announcement email for Wisconsin event]"
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476:' (DTIs) of 1998, 1999, 2001, and 2002. Leading activist and intellectual figures of the 1990s, including
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43:
1615:"In wake of Irma, Harvey and Jose, University of Michigan experts offer online 'teachouts' on hurricanes"
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2299:
2064:
1804:
1052:
1027:
215:
370:); and Mike Meyerson (national head of the Du Bois Clubs of America). British philosopher and pacifist
1331:"01.28.2008 - Campus joins national Focus the Nation "teach-in" with Jan. 31 global warming symposium"
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Inventory to the Records of the Office of Public Information on the Vietnam War Teach-Ins, 1965-1966
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960:"UCLA Vietnam Day Committee planning and promotional documents for 25 March 1966 antiwar teach-in"
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University of Pennsylvania, Swarthmore College, and Temple University (coordinated), April 7, 1965
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Sahlins, Marshall (February 2009). "The Teach-ins: Anti-war protest in the Old Stoned Age".
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movement began using teach-ins to educate people about the inherent problems of capitalism.
426:, organizer at the 1965 University of Michigan teach-in and then-president of SDS, quoted in
371:
59:
1769:
1081:
1968:
543:
524:. A 'National Teach-in' was held in February 2009, also addressing global climate change.
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The teach-in model was also used by a ‘Focus the Nation’ event January 31, 2008, to raise
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410:
386:
382:
255:
227:
111:
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student strike. After 1998, the DTIs became a project of the campus syndicalist movement
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1973:
1963:
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695:"MICHIGAN FACULTY CREATED TEACH-IN; 49 at University Staged the First Vietnam Protest"
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310:(author and film producer); Isadore Zifferstein (psychologist); Stanley Scheinbaum (
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2013:
1983:
1772:, held at Special Collections and University Archives, Rutgers University Libraries
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882:"PROFESSORS HOLD VIETNAM PROTEST: 3 Bomb Threats Disrupt 'Teach-in' at Michigan U."
423:
307:
283:
68:
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OUT NOW! A participant's account of the American movement against the Vietnam war
1655:"Notre Dame and Michigan team up to give voice to Puerto Rican hurricane victims"
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National Teach-In (televised), Sheraton Park Hotel, Washington DC, May 15, 1965
131:
UCLA Vietnam Day Committee leaflet promoting its 25 March 1966 antiwar teach-in
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2149:
2134:
2124:
1943:
1809:
501:; the 2002 teach-ins played a similar role in preparing for the 2003 national
319:
279:
2397:
1883:
390:
72:
753:
Who spoke up? : American protest against the war in Vietnam, 1963-1975
1766:, held at the Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan—Ann Arbor
1760:, held at the Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan—Ann Arbor
1303:
564:
In 2018, Stanford University held a teach-in for gun-violence in schools.
2139:
599:
555:
453:
1598:"University of Michigan hosting online series about free speech issues"
614:
31:
1697:"Stanford GSE Holds Teach-in on Research into Gun Violence in Schools"
464:
In the 1990s activists began a new series of teach-ins focused on the
2407:
2357:
2104:
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1736:"Students should support those occupying George Square - the Student"
1355:
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587:
99:
95:
91:
1629:"Increase in Puerto Rico death toll not surprising, says U-M expert"
1526:"FSU holds forum to discuss last week's Black Lives Matter teach in"
1417:"Occupy Wall Street Plans 'Teach-In' After Jay-Z Questions Movement"
2144:
1805:
2012 Imperative Teach-in - Ecological Literacy in Design Education
409:
at the time, teach-ins were regarded by the FBI (then directed by
126:
1356:"Join NAU in: The National Teach-In on Climate Change Solutions"
1813:
908:"Now the Teach-In: U.S. Policy In Vietnam Criticized All Night"
785:
DeBenedetti, Charles; Chatfield, Charles (assisting) (1990).
1577:"University of Michigan Launching Online 'Teach-Out' Series"
1106:
Assault on the left the FBI and the sixties antiwar movement
437:
An American Ordeal: The Antiwar Movement of the Vietnam Era,
210:
The largest Vietnam teach-in was held on May 21–22, 1965 at
58:
The concept of the teach-in was developed by anthropologist
793:(1st ed.). Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press.
789:
An American ordeal: the antiwar movement of the Vietnam era
538:
teach-ins were held across the United States, including in
16:
Educational forum focused on action around political issues
2763:
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
1551:"Activists hold Black Lives Matter Teach-In in Greenville"
1444:"Occupy Wall Street teach-in inspires - Democracy Matters"
1383:. 26 July 2009. Archived from the original on 26 July 2009
226:, and others. The event was held on a playing field where
194:
First Congregation Church, Washington, October 25–26, 1971
669:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. pp.
640:
National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
1381:"National Teach-In [Internet Archive snapshot]"
1304:"Colleges host 'teach-in' on warming - Climate Change"
322:(Marxist writer and a socialist activist); Levi Laud (
218:(VDC), an organizing group founded by ex-grad student
42:. The first teach-in, which was held overnight at the
1470:"Black Lives Matter teach-in aims to inspire, inform"
975:
The spirit of the sixties: making postwar radicalism
2661:
2526:
2455:
Non Violent Resistance (psychological intervention)
2350:
2173:
2027:
1851:
2019:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
1053:"Berkeley Teach-In: Vietnam. Voices and Documents"
999:
786:
746:
744:
742:
258:. Other speakers included: California Assemblymen
1758:Arnold S. Kaufman papers: 1954-1971 (finding aid)
1028:"Isaac Deutscher, UC Berkeley Teach-In, May 1965"
105:This first teach-in was organized by faculty and
1401:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1279:"THE 2010 IMPERATIVE: Global Emergency Teach-In"
1138:. US Government Printing Office. pp. 28–33.
1776:National Security File, Files of McGeorge Bundy
1764:Richard D. Mann papers: 1965-1984 (finding aid)
312:Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions
1128:
1126:
755:(1st ed.). Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday.
214:. The event was organized by the newly formed
90:was a variant of another form of protest, the
2470:Refusal to serve in the Israel Defense Forces
1825:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
666:The war within: America's battle over Vietnam
8:
2758:History of civil rights in the United States
1754:. Fred Halstead. New York:Monad Press, 1978.
1677:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
887:. Associated Press. 25 March 1965. p. 9
1228:"2010 Imperative Global Emergency Teach-In"
1084:. University of California Berkeley Library
1032:Library, University of California, Berkeley
298:(philosopher, writer, political activist);
1832:
1818:
1810:
1681:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
751:Zaroulis, Nancy; Sullivan, Gerald (1984).
567:In 2018, students, faculty, and alumni at
2423:Global Day of Action on Military Spending
1133:United States Senate (October 22, 1965).
876:
874:
348:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
507:180/Movement for Democracy and Education
377:Faculty participants included Professor
318:(journalist and anti-nuclear activist);
1778:, held at the Lyndon B. Johnson Library
1203:"Cornel West Opens Democracy Teach-Ins"
822:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp.
658:
656:
654:
650:
517:and viewable online through a webcast.
238:Participants in the event included Dr.
2155:Soviet influence on the peace movement
1670:
1394:
906:Phillips, McCandlish (27 March 1965).
850:The human tradition in the Vietnam era
374:sent a taped message to the teach-in.
342:); Robert Pickus (Turn Toward Peace);
146:University of Wisconsin, April 1, 1965
2773:History of the University of Michigan
2342:World March for Peace and Nonviolence
1609:
1607:
1592:
1590:
1006:. New York: Oxford University Press.
853:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp.
274:(political activist); James Aronson (
7:
2499:Third Party Non-violent Intervention
1653:Reporter, Veronica Ortega, WSBT 22.
635:Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam
497:role in mobilizing students for the
182:Case Western University, spring 1965
452:Teach-ins were one activity of the
191:New York University, March 30, 1971
143:Columbia University, March 26, 1965
2724:Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir
2621:Anti-war protests in Russia (2014)
1909:Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp
1442:Lucas, Bobbie (15 November 2011).
818:Historical dictionary of the 1960s
550:; and Greenville, South Carolina.
389:. Performers included folk singer
164:Kent State University, spring 1965
152:Rutgers University, April 23, 1965
102:, lie-in, and draft card turn-in.
14:
2216:International Day of Non-Violence
1874:Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions
1789:Texts and online audio recordings
1524:Morrison, Bailey (4 March 2016).
1501:. 3 February 2016. Archived from
1495:"Black Lives Matter Teach-In Old"
1103:Davis, James Kirkpatrick (1997).
590:a 1969 campaign for peace in the
574:In 2020, students and faculty at
368:Students for a Democratic Society
179:Flint Junior College, spring 1965
107:Students for a Democratic Society
19:For the Dutch musical group, see
2626:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
1163:10.1111/j.1467-8322.2009.00639.x
340:Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
1999:Social Democratic Party (Japan)
1310:. Associated Press. 12 May 2008
197:Brandeis University, April 1975
167:Harvard University, spring 1965
1919:List of pacifist organisations
522:awareness about climate change
176:Principia College, spring 1965
161:U.C. Berkeley, May 21–22, 1965
155:Boston University, May 5, 1965
94:. Later variants included the
1:
1791:of Berkeley Teach-in speakers
1329:Manning, Cyril (2008-01-28).
1201:Sawano, Nanaho (1998-03-03).
720:Levitas, Mitchel (May 1965).
328:California Democratic Council
2325:World Peace Bell Association
2226:Dialogue Among Civilizations
1929:New Socialist Party of Japan
1914:Iraq War resisters in Canada
1879:Coalition of Women for Peace
1109:. Westport, Conn.: Praeger.
938:The New York Times (special)
814:Olson, James Stuart (1999).
722:"Vietnam Comes to Oregon U."
466:corporatization of education
170:Goucher College, spring 1965
123:Subsequent antiwar teach-ins
2493:The whole world is watching
2261:Peace & Love (festival)
2211:Imagine Piano Peace Project
1468:Daniel, Aloi (2015-10-19).
1360:Northern Arizona University
1253:"Global Emergency Teach-In"
847:Anderson, David L. (2000).
548:Framingham State University
417:Legacy of antiwar teach-ins
242:; veteran socialist leader
173:Marist College, spring 1965
2789:
2616:2011 intervention in Libya
2236:List of places named Peace
2221:International Day of Peace
1939:Peace and conflict studies
1859:Anti-nuclear organizations
1002:Berkeley at war: the 1960s
973:Farrell, James J. (1997).
940:. 24 April 1965. p. 2
324:Progressive Labor Movement
185:Berkeley, October 15, 1965
18:
2732:
2251:Nobel Peace Prize Concert
2246:Mother's Day Proclamation
2196:Dances of Universal Peace
2009:The Women's Peace Crusade
1795:Focus the Nation Teach-in
499:1999 Seattle WTO protests
401:Scrutiny and surveillance
250:; independent journalist
206:Teach-in at U.C. Berkeley
2512:Violence begets violence
2445:Non-aggression principle
2315:The Non-Violence Project
2295:Promoting Enduring Peace
2278:Promoting Enduring Peace
1934:Pacifist Socialist Party
1800:2010 Imperative Teach-in
1499:Black Lives Matter Pratt
998:Rorabaugh, W.J. (1989).
701:. 9 May 1965. p. 43
356:Young Socialist Alliance
2606:Military action in Iran
2241:Monuments and memorials
2191:Concert Yutel for Peace
1994:React, Include, Recycle
1924:List of peace activists
1889:Conscientious objectors
725:New York Times Magazine
630:List of peace activists
354:(National Chair of the
278:magazine); philosopher
81:New York Times Magazine
2527:Opposition to specific
2482:Swords to ploughshares
2476:Soldiers are murderers
1869:Anti-war organizations
450:
441:
432:
132:
44:University of Michigan
40:involvement in Vietnam
2529:wars or their aspects
2450:Nonviolent resistance
2300:Show of Peace Concert
2065:Anti-nuclear movement
442:
433:
420:
228:Zellerbach Auditorium
216:Vietnam Day Committee
130:
2611:Sri Lankan Civil War
2505:Turn the other cheek
2320:University for Peace
2231:List of peace prizes
1060:Smithsonian Folkways
934:"A Rally at Rutgers"
569:Edinburgh University
439:Charles DeBenedetti
364:Free Speech Movement
188:UCLA, March 25, 1966
2653:Nuclear disarmament
2636:in Russian Far East
2393:Department of Peace
2378:Counter-recruitment
2373:Conflict resolution
2363:Central Park be-ins
2351:Slogans and tactics
2330:Japanese Peace Bell
2120:Non-interventionism
2115:Modern-war pacifism
2053:Christian anarchism
1600:. 22 February 2018.
1505:on 12 November 2016
663:Wells, Tom (1994).
474:Democracy Teach-Ins
393:; the improv group
2547:American Civil War
2439:Make love, not war
2413:Economic sanctions
2368:Civil disobedience
2201:Festival for Peace
2174:Media and cultural
2160:Testimony of peace
2080:Christian pacifism
1151:Anthropology Today
1062:. Folkways Records
912:The New York Times
885:The New York Times
699:The New York Times
620:Central Park be-in
536:Black Lives Matter
534:In 2015 and 2016,
529:Occupy Wall Street
446:Anthropology Today
381:(Yale); Professor
133:
54:The first teach-in
2745:
2744:
2648:Military taxation
2518:War tax resisters
2085:Deterrence theory
1864:Anti-war movement
1474:Cornell Chronicle
1448:Democracy Matters
1257:Architecture 2030
1232:Architecture 2030
576:Haverford College
304:Ramparts Magazine
276:National Guardian
65:William A. Gamson
2780:
2572:list of protests
2433:Lesson of Munich
2388:Demilitarisation
2266:Peace journalism
2060:Anti-imperialism
2043:Anarcho-pacifism
1979:Peace psychology
1959:Peace conference
1954:Peace commission
1899:Culture of Peace
1834:
1827:
1820:
1811:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1724:. 25 March 2018.
1718:
1712:
1711:
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1640:
1633:News-Medical.net
1625:
1619:
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1611:
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1601:
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1584:
1579:. Archived from
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1335:UC Berkeley News
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1024:
1018:
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1005:
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989:
988:
970:
964:
963:
962:. 25 March 1966.
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732:
717:
711:
710:
708:
706:
691:
685:
684:
660:
540:Ithaca, New York
486:Richard Grossman
428:The War Within,
407:antiwar movement
385:; and Professor
372:Bertrand Russell
366:); Paul Potter (
336:Committee of 100
110:members such as
60:Marshall Sahlins
2788:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2768:Protest tactics
2748:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2728:
2657:
2601:Afghanistan War
2552:Second Boer War
2528:
2522:
2346:
2169:
2023:
1969:Peace education
1852:Peace advocates
1847:
1838:
1785:
1748:
1746:Further reading
1743:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1706:
1704:
1701:ed.stanford.edu
1695:
1694:
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1234:
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1209:
1207:Harvard Crimson
1200:
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1021:
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985:
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872:
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834:
813:
812:
808:
801:
784:
783:
770:
763:
750:
749:
740:
730:
728:
727:. pp. SM24
719:
718:
714:
704:
702:
693:
692:
688:
681:
662:
661:
652:
648:
584:
544:Pratt Institute
503:Books Not Bombs
470:corporate power
462:
419:
411:J. Edgar Hoover
405:As part of the
403:
387:Aaron Wildavsky
383:Gerald Berreman
264:William Stanton
256:Isaac Deutscher
208:
125:
112:Anatol Rapoport
56:
24:
21:Teach-In (band)
17:
12:
11:
5:
2786:
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2716:
2714:United Kingdom
2711:
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2375:
2370:
2365:
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2354:
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2345:
2344:
2339:
2337:Women in Black
2334:
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2317:
2312:
2307:
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2297:
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2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
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2177:
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2170:
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2167:
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2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2100:Green politics
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2070:Antimilitarism
2067:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1974:Peace movement
1971:
1966:
1964:Peace congress
1961:
1956:
1951:
1949:Peace churches
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1904:ECOPEACE Party
1901:
1896:
1894:Counterculture
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1845:peace movement
1839:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1784:
1783:External links
1781:
1780:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1727:
1713:
1688:
1645:
1620:
1603:
1586:
1583:on 2018-05-09.
1568:
1542:
1516:
1486:
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1434:
1408:
1372:
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1321:
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1269:
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627:
622:
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612:
607:
602:
583:
580:
482:Medea Benjamin
461:
458:
418:
415:
402:
399:
379:Staughton Lynd
326:); Si Casady (
300:Edward Keating
272:Dave Dellinger
254:and historian
240:Benjamin Spock
232:Eugene Burdick
207:
204:
199:
198:
195:
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186:
183:
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137:New York Times
124:
121:
77:Arnold Kaufman
55:
52:
48:Arnold Kaufman
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2755:
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2734:
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2725:
2722:
2720:
2719:United States
2717:
2715:
2712:
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2705:
2702:
2700:
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2585:
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2580:
2579:War on Terror
2577:
2573:
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2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2535:War of 1812 (
2534:
2533:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2490:
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2471:
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2465:Peacebuilding
2463:
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2456:
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2451:
2448:
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2443:
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2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2403:Draft evasion
2401:
2399:
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2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2383:De-escalation
2381:
2379:
2376:
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2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2285:Peace One Day
2283:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
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2202:
2199:
2197:
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2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
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2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:Direct action
2088:
2086:
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2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2048:Anarcho-punks
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:War resisters
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
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1932:
1930:
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1922:
1920:
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1912:
1910:
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1902:
1900:
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1471:
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1438:
1435:
1422:
1421:Rolling Stone
1418:
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1398:
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1348:
1336:
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1325:
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1277:Rich, Sarah.
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1245:
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1023:
1020:
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1009:
1004:
1003:
994:
991:
986:
984:0-415-91386-1
980:
977:. Routledge.
976:
969:
966:
961:
955:
952:
939:
935:
929:
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913:
909:
902:
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875:
871:
866:
864:0-8420-2763-7
860:
856:
852:
851:
843:
840:
835:
833:0-313-29271-X
829:
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820:
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541:
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532:
530:
525:
523:
518:
516:
515:Edward Mazria
510:
508:
504:
500:
495:
494:Vandana Shiva
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
460:Modern events
459:
457:
455:
449:
447:
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438:
431:
429:
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416:
414:
412:
408:
400:
398:
396:
395:The Committee
392:
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301:
297:
293:
289:
288:Paul Krassner
285:
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273:
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265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
248:Norman Mailer
245:
244:Norman Thomas
241:
236:
233:
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224:Stephen Smale
221:
217:
213:
212:U.C. Berkeley
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157:
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129:
122:
120:
117:
116:Charles Tilly
113:
108:
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101:
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93:
89:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
61:
53:
51:
49:
45:
41:
37:
36:participatory
33:
29:
22:
2562:World War II
2486:
2418:Flower power
2270:
2110:Isolationism
1984:Peace treaty
1751:
1730:
1716:
1705:. Retrieved
1703:. 2018-04-19
1700:
1691:
1662:. Retrieved
1658:
1648:
1637:. Retrieved
1635:. 2018-08-29
1632:
1623:
1581:the original
1571:
1559:. Retrieved
1557:. 2016-10-02
1555:Fox Carolina
1554:
1545:
1533:. Retrieved
1530:FSU Gatepost
1529:
1519:
1507:. Retrieved
1503:the original
1498:
1489:
1477:. Retrieved
1473:
1463:
1451:. Retrieved
1447:
1437:
1425:. Retrieved
1423:. 2012-09-10
1420:
1411:
1385:. Retrieved
1375:
1363:. Retrieved
1359:
1350:
1338:. Retrieved
1334:
1324:
1312:. Retrieved
1307:
1298:
1286:. Retrieved
1282:
1272:
1260:. Retrieved
1256:
1247:
1235:. Retrieved
1231:
1222:
1210:. Retrieved
1206:
1196:
1184:. Retrieved
1180:
1171:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1134:
1105:
1098:
1086:. Retrieved
1076:
1064:. Retrieved
1059:
1047:
1035:. Retrieved
1031:
1022:
1001:
993:
974:
968:
954:
942:. Retrieved
937:
928:
916:. Retrieved
914:. p. 29
911:
901:
889:. Retrieved
884:
849:
842:
817:
809:
788:
752:
729:. Retrieved
724:
715:
703:. Retrieved
698:
689:
665:
573:
566:
563:
560:
552:
533:
526:
519:
511:
463:
451:
445:
443:
436:
434:
427:
424:Carl Oglesby
421:
404:
376:
332:George Clark
308:Felix Greene
302:(publisher,
284:Dick Gregory
260:Willie Brown
237:
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69:Jack Rothman
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2709:Switzerland
2694:Netherlands
2567:Vietnam War
2557:World War I
2428:Human Be-In
2165:World peace
2130:Nonviolence
2095:Finvenkismo
2075:Appeasement
1989:Peaceworker
1561:11 November
1535:11 November
1509:11 November
1479:11 November
1453:11 November
1427:11 November
1387:11 November
1365:11 November
1340:11 November
1314:11 November
1288:11 November
1262:11 November
1237:11 November
1212:11 November
1186:11 November
1066:11 November
1037:11 November
944:11 November
918:11 November
891:11 November
731:11 November
705:11 November
625:Human Be-In
596:John Lennon
592:Vietnam War
490:Naomi Klein
478:Cornel West
360:Mario Savio
352:Jack Barnes
316:Paul Jacobs
296:M.S. Arnoni
292:The Realist
282:; comedian
268:John Burton
252:I. F. Stone
246:; novelist
220:Jerry Rubin
2752:Categories
2674:Costa Rica
2460:Peace walk
2272:Peace News
2150:Satyagraha
2135:Pacificism
2125:Nonkilling
2039:Anarchism
2028:Ideologies
1944:Peace camp
1707:2018-10-31
1664:2018-10-16
1639:2018-10-16
1157:(1): 3–5.
1116:0275954552
1088:8 December
1013:0195066677
800:0815602456
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646:References
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320:Hal Draper
280:Alan Watts
2662:Countries
2643:Landmines
2631:in Russia
2589:Criticism
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1884:Code Pink
1673:cite news
1283:Inhabitat
1136:Judiciary
527:In 2011,
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2487:Teach-in
2140:Pacifism
1841:Anti-war
1397:cite web
1308:NBC News
600:Yoko Ono
582:See also
556:Coursera
454:New Left
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2256:Museums
1181:Ratical
615:Work-in
468:and on
448:, 2009
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2699:Spain
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2305:Songs
2290:Plays
2206:Films
2186:Books
2145:Peace
2004:Unity
1056:(PDF)
671:22–65
1843:and
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1563:2016
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