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that innervate the tegula such that when the tegula is electrically stimulated the elevator muscles initiate an upstroke. When the tegula is removed, locust flight is clumsy and disordered at first but most animals adapt, suggesting the use of other mechanoreceptors to control flight.
231:
Büschges, A., & Pearson, K. G. (1991). Adaptive modifications in the flight system of the locust after the removal of wing proprioceptors. Journal of
Experimental Biology, 157(1), 313-333.
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Wolf, H. "The Locust Tegula: significance for flight rhythm generation, wing movement control and aerodynamic force production." Journal of
Experimental Biology 182.1 (1993): 229-253.
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Wolf, H. "The Locust Tegula: significance for flight rhythm generation, wing movement control and aerodynamic force production." Journal of
Experimental Biology 182.1 (1993): 229-253.
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Ramirez, J. M., & Pearson, K. G. (1991). Octopaminergic modulation of interneurons in the flight system of the locust. Journal of
Neurophysiology, 66(5), 1522-1537.
103:. Neural signals from the tegula only initiate wing muscle contraction when the animal is in flight (or fictive flight) due to endogenous release of the neuromodulator
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Recovery of the flight system following ablation of the tegulae in immature adult locusts, C Gee, R Robertson, Journal of
Experimental Biology 1996 199: 1395-1403.
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Ramirez, J. M., & Pearson, K. G. (1993). Alteration of bursting properties in interneurons during locust flight. Journal of neurophysiology, 70(5), 2148-2160.
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Pearson, K. G. and Wolf, H. Connections of hindwing tegulae with flight neurones in the locust, Locusta migratoria. J. Exp. Biol. 135:381-409, 1988
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Kien, J., Altman, J.S. Connections of the locust wing tegulae with metathoracic flight motoneurons. J. Comp. Physiol. 133, 299–310 (1979).
107:. This mechanism ensures that the animal does not initiate a wing stroke if the bristles are deflected by wind as the animal is walking.
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L'innervation et les organes sensoriels des ailes des Diptères et comparaison avec l'innervation des ailes d'insectes d'autres ordres
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during movement. In locusts, the tegula directly controls flight muscles. The
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The tegula system is also a model for studying the role of
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83:that control the activation of wing elevator
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160:Fudalewicz-Niemczyk, Władysława (1963).
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221:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00661132
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56:. It is densely innervated, with
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42:Hymenoptera
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123:References
105:octopamine
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54:mesonotum
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32:such as
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89:neurons
85:muscles
73:locusts
46:Diptera
30:insects
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