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political regime that takes care of its people and helps their material progress is worth collaborating with and not opposing.ā In part, the political leadership wished to show former Greek-Catholics that they would have equal rights within the
Orthodox Church; it also mistakenly calculated that Herineanu would be a pliant hierarch who would sabotage the institution from within.
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his mother and several trusted priests. His missionary activity, which included the printing of prayer books in large numbers, caused somewhat of a liturgical and spiritual revival, again provoking official hostility. While the laity became attached to him, the state believed he had been contaminated by a āsickly mysticismā.
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reinforced
Herineanu's position by attending his enthronement a week later and congratulating him in the name of the Holy Synod. Privately, Justinian was irate at the zeal with which the authorities insisted that the ex-Catholic must be made a bishop. Herineanu was in fact a compromise candidate; the
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for eight and a half years. During this time, which he called his āapprenticeship in
Orthodoxyā, Herineanu was viewed with suspicion by the authorities and kept under close surveillance. He viewed their recommendations as unacceptable infringements on church autonomy and kept as close advisers only
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during a June 1949 clerical assembly attended by prominent
Communist politicians. Herineanu drew 58 votes, while the remaining thirteen ballots went to other candidates or were invalid. During his acceptance speech, the new bishop thanked the Orthodox hierarchy and struck a pro-communist note: āA
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became vacant. Herineanu was elected and enthroned in
December 1957. He arrived at Cluj surrounded by suspicion, finding tension between factions of āoldā Orthodox priests and former Greek-Catholics, and roused dissent by imposing the stricter liturgical discipline he had learned at Roman. At the
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Herineanu asked that persecution of the nuns at
VladimireČti Monastery be halted, and placed over forty priests freed from prison in good positions, meanwhile granting assistance to the families of imprisoned priests. His attitude led the government to attempt to compromise him, including by
222:, using his declining powers to try and mediate conflicts within the archdiocese and with the newly legalized Greek-Catholic Church, as well as to press for the reopening of a university-level theological seminary in Cluj-Napoca. Upon his death in 1992, he was buried in the crypt of the
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Another accusation was that he hired unconverted Greek-Catholic priests in the diocesan administration, periodically sending them special bread and wine so they could secretly hold liturgies at home. He sheltered clerics freed from prison, including
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secret police. The local police chief ironically told him: āWell, Father, you have to choose in which car youāll return to Clujā. He converted to
Orthodoxy, agreeing to collaborate with the regime. As a result, he was elected
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In August, he was consecrated bishop in a discreet ceremony closely watched by
Securitate informants. The atmosphere was one of doubt that the recent convert would ever make a genuine Orthodox bishop.
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children. As such, he asked two priests to compose a religion textbook in 1958. The authors were arrested, one of them dying in prison, and the bishop was further isolated.
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outlawed the Greek-Catholic Church. One day shortly thereafter, two limousines stopped in front of
Herineanu's house. One belonged to the Orthodox bishop, the other to the
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84:. From 1928 to 1931, Herineanu attended the Greek-Catholic Theological Academy in Cluj. After graduating, he went to the Catholic Theology Faculty at the
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Pressure continued in the 1960s, with the authorities especially concerned by the rising popularity of the annual pilgrimage to
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same time, the
Securitate noted he did not maintain relations with representatives of the Religious Affairs Department.
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Lucian N. LeuČtean, āConstructing Communism in the Romanian People's Republic. Orthodoxy and State, 1948-49ā, in
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Subsequently, Herineanu served as a lay priest for seventeen years, in the poor, isolated village parishes of
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Ciprian GhiČa and Lucian N. LeuČtean, āThe Romanian Greek Catholic Churchā, in Lucian N. LeuČtean (ed.),
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218:. He was raised to the rank of archbishop in 1973. Herineanu lived nearly three years after the
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28:
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CredinČÄ sub teroare. Memorialistica greco-catolicÄ de detenČie Či domiciliu obligatoriu
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Alexandru Moraru, āArhiepiscopul Teofil Herineanu (1909-1992)ā, in Ioan ChirilÄ (ed.),
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16:
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Bogdan Ivanov, āArhiepiscopul Teofil Herineanu, un om deasupra timpului sÄuā, in
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107:. He published articles, sermons and meditations. His first contacts with
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32:
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467:. Cluj-Napoca: Editura RenaČterea, 2009, ISBN 978-973-1714-76-9
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Eastern Christianity and Politics in the Twenty-First Century
446:. Bucharest: Editura Humanitas, 2021, ISBN 978-973-5070-88-5
474:. Bucharest: Editura Nemira, 2005, ISBN 978-973-5697-47-1
80:, and from 1921 to 1928 at George BariČiu High School in
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Arhiepiscopul Teofil Herineanu: 100 de ani de la naČtere
27:(November 11, 1909–November 3, 1992) was an
439:. London: Routledge, 2014, ISBN 978-131-7818-65-6
111:priests date to this time, when he supported the
513:Converts to Eastern Orthodoxy from Catholicism
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88:(1931-1932), leaving due to lack of funds.
472:Partidul, Securitatea Či cultele 1945-1989
460:, March 2007, Vol. 59, No. 2, pp. 303-29
20:Herineanu as Bishop of Cluj in the 1960s
518:Bishops of the Romanian Orthodox Church
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174:concocting charges of fiscal evasion.
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44:Origins and Greek-Catholic priesthood
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207:. Herineanu believed in the need to
498:People from BistriČa-NÄsÄud County
70:union of Transylvania with Romania
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64:, he attended primary school in
508:Romanian Greek-Catholic priests
148:communists initially preferred
68:. From 1920 to 1921, after the
1:
188:Metropolitan of Transylvania
297:GhiČa and LeuČtean, p. 556.
74:Andrei MureČanu High School
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503:Romanian Austro-Hungarians
134:Bishop of Roman and HuČi
453:, nr. 9/2011, pp. 27-34
58:Beszterce-NaszĆ³d County
470:Adrian Nicolae Petcu,
165:Herineanu remained at
123:In late 1948, the new
48:Born into a family of
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192:Vad, Feleac and Cluj
458:Europe-Asia Studies
224:Dormition Cathedral
220:Romanian Revolution
105:Cluj-Gherla Diocese
86:University of Paris
442:Gelu Hossu (ed.),
205:Nicolae Steinhardt
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357:Moraru, pp. 14-15
348:Ivanov, pp. 29-30
264:Moraru, pp. 13-14
119:Turn to Orthodoxy
109:Romanian Orthodox
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216:Nicula Monastery
201:Arsenie Papacioc
150:Valerian Zaharia
145:Justinian Marina
125:communist regime
113:Army of the Lord
72:, he studied at
29:Austro-Hungarian
25:Teofil Herineanu
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52:peasants in
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493:1992 deaths
488:1909 births
482:Categories
430:References
129:Securitate
115:movement.
209:catechize
156:As bishop
142:Patriarch
56:village,
39:Biography
101:Panticeu
35:cleric.
33:Romanian
186:became
97:BÄbuČiu
54:Arcalia
66:Lemniu
31:-born
451:Tabor
230:Notes
182:When
167:Roman
161:Roman
93:Ceaba
203:and
178:Cluj
99:and
82:Cluj
78:Dej
76:in
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362:^
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311:^
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95:,
60:,
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