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551:"Last year’s research by the Kraków archaeologists proved that the inhabitants of Lower Egypt maintained relations with the southern Levant where Tel Erani lies. “We proved that were very lively,” said Professor Ciałowicz, adding that both regions were cooperating with one another closely in 4,000 BC. Copper and olive oil flowed into Egypt and animal and fish meat was transported in the opposite direction."
217:
93:
40:
789:
Czarnowicz, Marcin; Pasternak, Martin; Ochał-Czarnowicz, Agnieszka; Skłucki, Jakub (2014). "The
Egyptian Presence at Tel Erani". In Jucha, Mariusz A.; Dębowska-Ludwin, Joanna; Kołodziejczyk, Piotr (eds.).
509:
material, the pottery was not consistent with a
Philistine city. Albright's theory was therefore rejected. Instead, Yeivin discovered that the main phase of occupation of the site was earlier, in the
902:
897:
856:
Milevski, Ianir, et al. "New
Excavations at Tel Erani: The Early Bronze Age I Fortification Walls and Early Urbanisation in the Southern Levant." Antiquity, vol. 96, no. 385, 2022, pp. 194-200
396:
and remarked that the site was "evidently ancient and important, and seems possibly to represent the ancient Libnah." The identification of Tel Erani with the biblical city of
708:
591:
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An Early Bronze Age I fortification wall was also discovered in 2018, which may date to over 5,300 years old. This may be the oldest such defense wall in Israel.
907:
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Historical geographer, M.D. Press, concludes that Tel Erani, by way of a transformation of its name, may have been the 1st-century
Idumean town of
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385:
55:
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634:
121:
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427:, which most scholars of the time identified with Gath. When the Palestinian population was forced out of the area in the
751:
Kempinski, Aharon; Gilead, Isaac (1991). "New
Excavations at Tel Erani: A Preliminary Report of the 1985–1988 Seasons".
738:
917:
547:(Naqada I) ca 4,000 BC. So the ancient Egyptian trading post at Tel Erani may be much older that previously thought.
465:
3.2.2. ). A citadel (acropolis) was once built at the site, making it a likely place of refuge for a retreating army
932:
389:
257:
108:
505:
opened excavations at the site (then known as Tel Gat) to confirm
Albright's identification. Although he did find
428:
353:
947:
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in Krakow have been excavating here since 2013. They found that the oldest artefacts on the site may date to the
324:, but none of these identifications are certain. The city was destroyed in the 6th century BCE, possibly by the
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381:
364:
868:"Discovery of Israel's oldest gate resets clock on local urbanization by centuries | The Times of Israel"
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325:
952:
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The Survey of
Western Palestine: memoirs of the topography, orography, hydrography, and archaeology
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412:
270:("vein-like sand ridges of Menshiyeh"), although thought to have borne the original Arabic name of
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Conder, Claude
Reignier; Kitchener, Horatio Herbert; Palmer, Edward Henry; Besant, Walter (1881).
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794:. Kraków: Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University of Kraków. pp. 235–244.
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Aegyptus est Imago Caeli: studies presented to
Krzysztof Ciałowicz on his 60th birthday
671:
Albright, William F. (1921). "Contributions to the
Historical Geography of Palestine".
461:
415:
argued that the site was a poor fit with Libnah, and instead proposed it was the major
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891:
502:
317:
295:
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Press, Michael D. (2014). "The Arabic Names of Tẹ̄l ʿẸ̄rānī and ʿIrāq el-Menšīye".
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Press, Michael D. (2014). "The Arabic Names of Tẹ̄l ʿẸ̄rānī and ʿIrāq el-Menšīye".
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656:. Vol. III. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. pp.
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period, it was the site of a temple. There are also signs of settlement in the
737:, Hadashot Arkheologiyot, Excavations and Surveys in Israel (vol. 129: 2017),
432:
291:
283:
253:
772:
136:
123:
474:
431:, Albright's theory was the basis for naming the new Israeli settlements of
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Egyptian trading post at Tel Erani in Israel older than previously thought.
172:
Early Bronze Age, Iron Age, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Mamluk, Ottoman
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513:. He also found what was then the earliest evidence of contact between
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The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research in Jerusalem
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was located at the foot of the tell until it was depopulated in the
815:
Yeiven, Shmuel (1960). "Early Contacts Between Canaan and Egypt".
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in the hills nearby – the name of the city meaning 'the white' in
401:
363:
312:
629:(Revised ed.). New York, NY: Continuum. pp. 166–167.
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Photo showing Tel Erani and village Iraq al-Manshiyya - 1940
716:(2). Deutscher verein zur Erforschung Palästinas: 181–182.
599:(2). Deutscher verein zur Erforschung Palästinas: 181–193.
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Populated places disestablished in the 6th century BC
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Populated places established in the 4th millennium BC
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Excerpt from mao sheet 20 of Conder and Kitchener's
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282:period, but its most notable remains are from the
16:Archaeological site in Southern District, Israel
493:The site is very large, more than 24 hectares.
847:archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com 9/09/2019
392:. They described the contemporary village of
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627:Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land
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709:Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins
592:Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins
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290:, when it was the site of a substantial
621:Negev, Avraham; Gibson, Shimon (2001).
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360:Discovery and history of investigations
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866:Lidman, Melanie (August 15, 2023).
535:Jagiellonian University excavations
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388:in their 1872–1877 survey for the
380:Tel Erani was first documented by
298:. It has been identified with the
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908:1870s archaeological discoveries
372:showing Tel Erani (Sh. Ahmed el-
238:Tell esh-Sheikh Ahmed el-ʿAreini
91:
61:
54:
264:. It is also known by the name
193:1956–1958, 1985–1988, 2013–2018
913:Archaeological sites in Israel
180:Canaanite, Jewish, Greco-Roman
1:
739:Israel Antiquities Authority
765:10.1179/tav.1991.1991.2.164
539:Polish archaeologists from
370:Survey of Western Palestine
969:
923:Bronze Age sites in Israel
817:Israel Exploration Journal
390:Palestine Exploration Fund
278:was first occupied in the
109:Southern District (Israel)
82:Tell esh-Sheikh el-ʽAreini
521:: a potsherd bearing the
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928:Iron Age sites in Israel
938:Byzantine sites in Asia
541:Jagiellonian University
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423:. He placed Libnah at
382:Claude Reignier Conder
377:
483:
429:1948 Arab–Israeli War
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354:1948 Arab–Israeli War
246:تل الشيخ أحمد العريني
190:Excavation dates
137:31.61167°N 34.78500°E
79:Alternative name
31:تل الشيخ أحمد العريني
272:Menshiyet es-Saḥalīn
252:on the outskirts of
248:) is a multi-period
501:In the late 1950s,
413:William F. Albright
294:city with links to
250:archaeological site
133: /
70:Shown within Israel
21:
918:Chalcolithic sites
497:Yeivin dig (1950s)
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443:New identification
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267:ʻIrâq el-Menshiyeh
206:Public access
153:Grid position
142:31.61167; 34.78500
111:(Formerly: Idumea)
44:View of Tel ʽErani
933:Hellenistic sites
801:978-83-934218-8-6
400:was based on the
394:Iraq al-Manshiyya
386:Herbert Kitchener
350:Iraq al-Manshiyya
258:Southern District
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623:"Erani (Tel)"
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875:. Retrieved
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280:Chalcolithic
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156:17973/61309
953:Gath (city)
565:Tel Lachish
489:Excavations
437:Kibbutz Gat
348:village of
346:Palestinian
334:Hellenistic
326:Babylonians
140: /
116:Coordinates
892:Categories
877:2023-08-15
735:Tel ʽErani
576:References
433:Kiryat Gat
417:Philistine
302:cities of
292:Philistine
284:Bronze Age
254:Kiryat Gat
201:Tel (Ruin)
185:Site notes
125:31°36′42″N
20:Tel ʽErani
773:0334-4355
475:Jerusalem
453:Shiḥlayim
411:In 1921,
338:Byzantine
328:. In the
226:Tel Erani
218:Tel Erani
198:Condition
128:34°47′6″E
829:27924830
753:Tel Aviv
722:43664932
679:: 1–46.
605:43664932
559:See also
507:Iron Age
467:en route
457:Josephus
419:city of
322:Makkedah
300:biblical
288:Iron Age
234:תל עירני
177:Cultures
87:Location
693:3768450
471:Ascalon
376:Areini)
330:Persian
256:in the
214:Website
169:Periods
164:History
827:
798:
771:
720:
691:
633:
603:
529:Narmer
524:serekh
519:Canaan
449:Sallis
398:Libnah
342:Mamluk
340:, and
304:Libnah
274:. The
262:Israel
242:Arabic
230:Hebrew
105:Region
99:Israel
96:
27:Arabic
825:JSTOR
741:(IAA)
718:JSTOR
689:JSTOR
601:JSTOR
515:Egypt
469:from
402:chalk
318:Eglon
296:Egypt
236:) or
796:ISBN
769:ISSN
631:ISBN
517:and
435:and
421:Gath
384:and
320:and
313:Mmst
308:Gath
286:and
276:tell
761:doi
714:130
681:doi
677:2/3
658:259
597:130
473:to
451:(=
260:of
209:Yes
158:PAL
894::
870:.
837:^
821:10
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781:^
767:.
757:18
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712:.
687:.
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625:.
613:^
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240:(
228:(
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