308:
619:
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444:"As for Hezekiah, the Jew, who did not submit to my yoke, forty-six of his strong, walled cities, as well as the small cities in their neighborhood, which were without number...I besieged and took. Two-hundred thousand, and one-hundred and fifty people, great and small, male and female, horses, mules, asses, camels, cattle and sheep, without number, I brought away from them and counted as spoil. Himself, like a caged bird, I shut up in Jerusalem his royal city... The cities of his, which I had despoiled, I cut off from his land and to
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524:, who visited the site at the start of the 20th-century, remarked seeing interior walls of a building that were 4 feet and 6 inches thick in diameter, and that early Roman and Arab potsherds could be seen there. A survey of the site was conducted by Adam Druks in 1963. A. Ben-Tor conducted a sounding there in 1970 on behalf of the Hebrew University.
1192:
Jasmin, M., "The
Political Organization of the City-States in Southwestern Palestine in the Late Bronze Age IIB (13th Century bc)", in “I Will Speak the Riddles of AncientTimes”: Archaeological and Historical Studies in Honor of Amihai Mazar on the Occasion of His Sixtieth Birthday, eds. A. M. Maeir,
315:
The EB II and III monumental construction includes the large "White
Building", a plastered masonry broad-room temple with a side altar. In this period two large palaces were built with one, Palace B1, measuring 1750 square meters and the other, Palace B2, measuring 6000 square meters. At its peak the
287:
Early Bronze period material from Tel
Yarmuth has been radiocarbon dated and is being used to support the contention that EB III ended around 2500 BC. Samples tested were "3 from Final EB IB, 15 from EB II, and 19 from EB III". Results were Final EB IB to EB II transition between 3030 and 2960 BC, EB
941:
Lipschits, Oded, Gadot, Yuval, Arubas, Benjamin and Oeming, Manfred, "Third
Building Phase (Late 6th or 5th Century BCE)", What Are the Stones Whispering?: Ramat Raḥel: 3,000 Years of Forgotten History, edited by Oded Lipschits, Yuval Gadot, Benjamin Arubas and Manfred Oeming, University Park, USA:
1196:
Levy-Reifer, Ayelet and Paz, Itzhak, "Tel
Yarmouth, its Environs and their Reflection on the Urban Landscape of the Shephelah in the Early Bronze Age III", Tell it in Gath. Studies in the History and Archaeology of Israel. Essays in Honor of Aren M. Maeir on the Occasion of his Sixtieth Birthday,
542:(IAA). After 2016 the site was declared a national park and since then excavations have been conducted, under the auspices of the Israel Antiquities Authority, in preparation for public access. An extensive geophysical survey of the lower town was also completed.
201:
Amnon Ben-Tor (1970), Pierre de
Miroschedji (1980), Paz Yitzhak (2014), Mizrahi Sivan (2014), Adawi Zubair (2014), Haber Michal (2014), Radshkovsky Igal (2014), Zilberbod Irina (2014), Greenvald Roie (2014), Sapir Neria (2014), Yoav Tsur (2014), Eirikh-Rose Anna
316:
city had massive sophisticated fortifications and a large main city gate (Area E). The first city wall (Wall A) was made of stone, was 6 meters deep and is preserved to 4 meters in height. A larger wall (Wall B) was later added outside of that built of
435:
in the Hebrew Bible. Many of the king's important cities in Judah were at that time taken by
Sennacherib and given over to other potentates faithful to Sennacherib. Although Yarmuth is not specifically named in the prism
1116:
P. de
Miroschedji., "fouilles de tel yarmouth: résultats des 11E, 12e et 13e campagnes de fouilles (1996-1999): académie des inscriptions & belles-lettres. comptes rendus de séances de l'année", iss. 2, pp. 679-717,
1135:
P. de
Miroschedji, "Fouilles de Tel Yarmouth: Résultats des travaux de 2003 à 2009 (14th-18th campagnes)", in: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 157e année, N. 2, pp. 759-796,
870:
Regev, J., de
Miroscedji, P., Greenberg, R., Braun, E., Greenhut, Z., and Boaretto, E., "Chronology of the Early Bronze Age in the South Levant: New Analysis for a High Chronology, Radiocarbon", 54(3-4), pp. 525-566,
880:
Regev, Johanna, et al., "Wiggle-matched 14C chronology of Early Bronze Megiddo and the synchronization of Egyptian and Levantine chronologies", Ägypten Und Levante / Egypt and the Levant, vol. 24, 20, pp. 241–64,
1222:
Salavert, Aurélie. "Olive Cultivation and Oil Production in Palestine during the Early Bronze Age (3500—2000 B.C.): The Case of Tel Yarmouth, Israel.", Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, vol. 17, pp. S53–61,
1079:
Ben-Tor A., "Two Burial Caves of the Proto-Urban Period at Azor, 1971; The First Season of Excavations at Tell-Yarmuth", 1970 (Qedem 1). Jerusalem: Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
512:
The site is about 18 hectares (44 acres) in extent. The high point, 1.8 hectares (4.4 acres) in area, lies on the eastern side with a lower town extending to the west. The site is roughly 640 by 420 meters.
1186:
Connan, Jacques, et al., "Bitumens from Tell Yarmuth (Israel) from 2800 BCE to 1100 BCE: A unique case history for the study of degradation effects on the Dead Sea bitumen.", Organic Geochemistry 168, 2022
932:
Vieweger, Dieter, "The Early Bronze Age I-III (3600---2300 BC)", Early and Middle Bronze Age. (Strata 25-17), edited by Dieter Vieweger and Jutta Häser, Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus, pp. 15-156, 2019
1145:
Jasmin, Michaël, and Pierre de Miroschedji, "Fouilles de Tel Yarmouth (1980-2009). Rapport final. Volume 1: Les fouilles sur l’acropole.", (Peeters: Ancient Near Eastern Studies Supplement 56, 2020)
923:
P. de Miroschedji., "The Early Bronze Age Fortifications at Tel Yarmut – An Update", Publication Name: Eretz-Israel, Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies, vol. 33 (Stager Volume), 2018
1206:
Miroschedji P. de, "Yarmouth 1: Rapport sur les trois Premières campagnes de fouilles à Tel Yarmouth (Israël) (1980–1982)", Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations, Mémoire 76, Paris, 1988
1200:
Manclossi Francesca, Rosen Steve A., De Miroschedji Pierre, "The Canaanean Blades from Tel Yarmuth, Israel: A technological analysis", Paléorient, vol. 42, n°1. pp. 49–74, 2016 DOI :
618:
1219:
Paz, Y., Mizrahi, S., and Grossman, L., "Ancient Fields: An EB III Case Study from Tel Yarmuth", New Studies in the Archaeology of Jerusalem and Its Region, 9, pp. 91–98, 2015
352:
sherds. The only other epigraphic find was a hoe with a partial hieroglyphic inscription in a hoard of bronze objects, mostly fragmentary. They were dated to the time of the
642:
859:
J. Regev-P. de Miroschedji-E. Boaretto, "Early Bronze Age Chronology. Radiocarbon Chronological Models from Tel Yarmuth (Israel)", Radiocarbon 54, pp. 505-524, 2012
532:
304:
The entire site including the lower town was heavily occupied in the Early Bronze (EB) II and III periods. The site was abandoned around 2400 BC, during EB III.
1284:
501:
During the Hellenistic and Roman periods, no records of events concerning Yarmuth have survived, although potsherds from the Roman period have been discerned.
1089:
P. de Miroschedji, "Yarmouth 1. Rapports sur les trois premières campagnes de fouilles à Tel Yarmouth (Israël) (1980-1982)", Syria, 67-2 pp. 523-524, 1990
606:
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Shalev, Omer, and Amir Golani, "Tel Yarmut: Preliminary Report.” Hadashot Arkheologiyot: Excavations and Surveys in Israel, vol. 130, 2018. JSTOR,
307:
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Somewhat more substantial building occurred on the acropolis in Iron I times. Finds from that period included a 2nd-century BC cooking pot with a
259:, being only a tentative identification, as it is based solely on the similarity of the Hebrew name with the Arabic name and its areal location.
1161:
Sivan Mizrahi et al., "Tel Yarmut, Site 203A: Preliminary Report.", Hadashot Arkheologiyot: Excavations and Surveys in Israel, vol. 129, 2017"
570:
994:
989:
Lester L. Grabbe, "A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period – Vol 1: A History of the Persian Province of Judah", 2004
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P. de Miroschedji, "Yarmuth: The Dawn of City-States in Southern Canaan", Near Eastern Archaeology, 62(1):2, March 1999 DOI :
951:
Richardson, H.N., "A Stamped Handle from Khirbet Yarmuk", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research192, pp. 12–16, 1968
702:
87:
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Guérin, V., "Description géographique, historique et archéologique de la Palestine. Premiere partie.", Judée. 3 volumes. Paris:
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P. de Miroschedji, "The Early Bronze Age Fortification System at Tel Yarmuth, an Interim Statement", EI 20, pp. 48-61, 1990
654:
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Jasmin, M., "L’étude de la transition du Bronze récent II au Fer I en Palestine méridionale", Oxford: BAR Publishing, 2006
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P. de Miroschedji "The Late EB III Palace at Tel Yarmuth: A Descriptive Summary", Eretz-Israel, vol.27, pp.153–170, 2003
539:
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395:, or what is a place of transition between the mountainous region and the coastal plains. Also in the Hebrew Bible,
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of the Hebrew Bible. The political entity that was established in Judea at the time was that of a vassal state, as
1209:
de Miroschedji, Pierre, "Tell Yarmouth, un site du Bronze ancien en Israel", Paléorient, vol. 6, pp. 281–86, 1980
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255:. It is a large primarily single-period (EB II/III) site and has been suggested as possibly being the city of
448:, king of Ashdod, Padi, king of Ekron, Silli-bel, king of Gaza, I gave. And (thus) I diminished his land."
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440:) detailing Sennacherib's exploits, it can be assumed by the account that the city did not go unscathed:
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construction. The fortifications were subsequently improved even further. A number of EB III flint
521:
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In the late 8th-century BC (ca. 700 BC), Yarmuth was in the territorial domain belonging to King
277:
1098:
P. de Miroschedji, "Tel Yarmut, (1992)", Excavations and Surveys in Israel 14, pp. 105-108, 1994
477:, the acclaimed author of the book, some of these returnees had settled in Jarmuth, as shown in
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The only possible record for Yarmuth for this time-period (c. 539–331 BC) is taken from the
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817:(original Hebrew edition: 'Land of Israel in Biblical Times - Historical Geography',
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Some Early Byzantine era terraces and potsherds were found in the lower town area.
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Druks, A., "Survey of Tel Yarmut", Hadashot Arkheologiyot 5:20-21, 1963 (Hebrew)
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The site saw some occupation in the Late Bronze II. It included 13th century BC
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284:. After that the city was abandoned, with modest occupation in later periods.
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The mound, then known as Khirbet Yarmuk, was visited by French archaeologist
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embarked on his third military campaign, this time against the cities of the
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and against Jerusalem in Judah, where King Hezekiah was besieged, based on
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970:. Vol. 2. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. pp. 32–33.
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hrsg. v. Itzhaq Shai (Ă„gypten und Altes Testament 90)., pp. 77-99, 2018
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P. de Miroschedji,"Tel Yarmut, 1997", IEJ, vol. 48, pp. 136–144", 1998
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Chronologically the city reached its peak at the same time as the
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and P. D. Miroschedji, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, pp. 161–91, 2006
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In 2014, extensive excavations were conducted at the site by the
474:
1107:
P. de Miroscheddji, "Tel Yarmut, 1992", IEJ42, pp. 265–72, 1992
795:(2 ed.). Philadelphia: Westminster Press. p. 437.
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Tel Yarmuth has been scientifically excavated since 1980 by
356:(12th century BC) and may not be in their original context.
296:
The only notable EB IB find was a basalt spindle whorl.
379:, Yarmuth (Jarmuth) is mentioned along with the cities
1039:"First Report on the Excavations at Tell ej-Judeideh"
235:(also Tel Yarmouth and Tel Yarmut; Hebrew name) or
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288:II to EB III transition between 2980 and 2910 BC.
332:The acropolis was lightly re-occupied, based on
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1046:Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement
533:French National Centre for Scientific Research
942:Penn State University Press, pp. 98-116, 2017
792:The Land of the Bible: A Historical Geography
612:Fieldstones embedded in mortar at Tel Yarmuth
465:who returned with the Jewish exiles from the
419:. In the 14th-year of King Hezekiah's reign,
407:during their conquest of the land of Canaan.
399:, the king of Yarmuth (Jarmuth) was slain by
8:
391:, in the region geographically known as the
311:Early Bronze Age vessel found at Tel Yarmuth
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648:General view of stone walls at Tel Yarmuth
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576:Base of column from ancient structure
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964:(1924). James Henry Breasted (ed.).
247:located 25 kilometers southwest of
49:
14:
336:finds, in the Middle Bronze IIA.
845:: Crocker and Brewster. p.
838:Biblical Researches in Palestine
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427:, including against the king of
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1295:Geography of Palestine (region)
1007:https://doi.org/10.2307/3210719
708:Thick stone wall at Tel Yarmuth
552:Cities of the ancient Near East
31:Tel Yarmuth (KhĹrbet el-YarmĂ»k)
1260:Archaeological sites in Israel
461:, specifically the account of
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744:Defensive wall of Tel Yarmuth
16:Archaeological site in Israel
1234:Israel Antiquities Authority
600:Dressed stone at Tel Yarmuth
540:Israel Antiquities Authority
387:as occupying a place in the
720:View of archaeological site
588:Ramp leading to the gateway
1311:
1290:Bronze Age sites in Israel
1239:Guided Tour at Tel Yarmuth
1054:Palestine Exploration Fund
636:Foundations of large house
531:under the auspices of the
967:The Annals of Sennacherib
36:
24:
1215:10.3406/PALEO.1980.4282
483:Judea became a province
243:archaeological site in
684:Remains of column base
469:, during the reign of
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411:Period of the monarchy
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732:General view of ruins
529:Pierre de Miroschedji
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190:Excavation dates
180:Early Dynastic Period
103:31.71000°N 34.98000°E
66:Alternative name
1022:Imprimerie impériale
467:Babylonian captivity
438:Sennacherib's Annals
239:(Arabic name) is an
1280:Tells (archaeology)
1265:Hebrew Bible places
821:, Jerusalem (1962))
368:(Jerusalem) stamp.
300:Early Bronze II-III
99: /
57:Shown within Israel
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522:Frederick J. Bliss
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278:Early Dynastic III
223:Public access
193:1970. 1990-present
119:Grid position
108:31.71000; 34.98000
995:978-0-567-08998-4
768:Walled structures
479:Nehemiah 11:25–29
276:in Egypt and the
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840:
839:
834:
828:
825:
822:
820:
814:
812:
808:
804:
798:
793:
789:
783:
780:
773:
764:
759:
752:
747:
740:
735:
728:
723:
716:
711:
704:
699:
692:
687:
680:
675:
668:
663:
656:
651:
644:
639:
632:
627:
620:
615:
608:
603:
596:
591:
584:
579:
572:
567:
562:
558:
557:Tell es-Sakan
555:
553:
550:
549:
545:
543:
541:
536:
534:
530:
525:
523:
519:
518:Victor Guérin
514:
507:
505:
502:
496:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
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449:
447:
441:
439:
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430:
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422:
418:
410:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
359:
357:
355:
351:
347:
339:
337:
335:
328:Middle Bronze
327:
325:
323:
319:
309:
305:
299:
297:
291:
289:
285:
283:
279:
275:
267:
262:
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213:
209:
205:
200:
196:
192:
188:
183:
179:
175:
172:
169:
165:
161:
157:
154:circa 3000 BC
153:
149:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
125:
121:
117:
112:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
44:
35:
28:
23:
1166:
1157:
1141:
1131:
1122:
1112:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1075:
1066:
1060:Tell Yarmûk)
1059:
1049:
1045:
1029:
1001:
985:
966:
956:
947:
937:
928:
876:
864:
855:
837:
827:
816:
794:
791:
782:
537:
526:
515:
511:
503:
500:
471:Artaxerxes I
459:Hebrew Bible
456:
443:
414:
373:Hebrew Bible
370:
365:
363:
354:19th Dynasty
343:
331:
314:
303:
295:
286:
271:
253:Beit Shemesh
236:
232:
231:
69:Tel Yarmouth
1246:(in Hebrew)
1035:Bliss, F.J.
847:17 (note 2)
788:Aharoni, Y.
508:Archaeology
421:Sennacherib
340:Late Bronze
282:Mesopotamia
274:Old Kingdom
233:Tel Yarmuth
106: /
82:Coordinates
20:Tel Yarmuth
1254:Categories
802:0664242669
774:References
405:Israelites
280:period in
185:Site notes
171:Bronze Age
133:settlement
94:34°58′48″E
91:31°42′36″N
976:610530695
346:Mycenaean
318:cyclopean
249:Jerusalem
215:Ownership
207:Condition
159:Abandoned
1058:, (s.v.
1037:(1900).
835:(1856).
790:(1979).
546:See also
535:(CNRS).
463:Nehemiah
417:Hezekiah
403:and the
393:Shefelah
360:Iron Age
334:potsherd
177:Cultures
122:147/124
74:Location
1244:YouTube
1236:(IAA),
811:6250553
563:Gallery
485:of the
446:Mitinti
381:Adullam
371:In the
350:Cypriot
263:History
257:Jarmuth
167:Periods
151:Founded
146:History
1149:
1024:, 1869
993:
974:
843:Boston
809:
799:
491:satrap
425:Levant
401:Joshua
245:Israel
218:Public
210:Ruined
202:(2014)
77:Israel
1056:: 98.
1042:(PDF)
429:Sidon
385:Socho
366:yršlm
141:18 ha
1223:2008
1147:ISBN
1136:2013
1117:2000
1080:1975
991:ISBN
972:OCLC
881:2014
871:2012
807:OCLC
797:ISBN
475:Ezra
383:and
348:and
138:Area
130:Type
1242:on
1211:doi
226:Yes
124:PAL
1256::
1050:32
1048:.
1044:.
1013:^
914:^
902:^
886:^
805:.
493:.
375:,
1213::
978:.
849:.
813:.
436:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
