Knowledge (XXG)

Television in Cuba

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226:, television stations based in each of the provincial capital cities. The regional repeater channels system was born in 1967 as an effort to bring Channel 6's national programming (and later on Tele Rebelde productions) to provincial viewers, with the provincial repeaters also providing regional opt-outs and occasionally national programming produced for the two networks. Camagüey was the first province to sign on to regional television, when Televisión Camagüey officially began broadcasting on July 29 the same year, this time on the Channel 4 frequency. On April 29, 1986, the regional service of Tele Rebelde for the by now province of Santiago de Cuba was relaunched as a separate station, Tele Turqino. In 1990, what is now Canal Habana as launched as a partnership between CIRT and the 1671: 99:"In late October, the station carried the first of what would be regular Cuban Winter League Baseball Games. A crew drove to the stadium in a remote-control truck. The broadcasts were beamed to the Mestre's house by microwave, where they were rebroadcast. Cameramen were positioned at first base and home plate. The station's third camera remained in the house until newsman Alberto Gandero finished his newscast. After the newscast, the third camera was carried to the stadium by taxi and positioned near third base." 107:"), news, cooking shows, comedy shows and musical variety were shown. After Union Radio TV went on the air, Cuban demand for television sets soared. Luckily Cuban broadcasting coincided with a glut of sets in the US market. Despite the high cost, ranging $ 350 for a 16" set to $ 2,000 for a 30" set, the Cuban government's Imports and Exports Analysis Agency estimated that Cubans had imported more than 100,000 television receivers by 1952. 338:, was fired, and subsequently "had to escape" (in reality flying legally to Miami from Cuba) as a result of an unapproved humorous skit recorded by Vázquez as a private video using his tv character to criticize the government. In an August 2019 article published in the official newspaper of the Communist Party of Cuba, Vázquez was reprimanded for "portraying official authorities in a negative light." But the program 2854: 2864: 727: 2874: 143:. It starred Rolando Leyva as the rebel leader Taguary, who, with his group of men, roamed the Blue Valley and helped the people fight the valley's evil dictator in each episode. The comparisons with the dictator Batista and the rebel leader Castro were unmistakable. The government's failure to recognize the satire only made it appear inept as well as tyrannical. 300:, a general entertainment and educational channel, began broadcasts. At first the channel was only a blocktimer by the CIRT aired on the provincial TV stations, as well as within Havana, during broadcast hours without any local productions before it moved to the Channel 14 frequency in 2009 (with a secondary feed on Channel 69). 171:), the flagship channel owned and operated by the Government of the Republic thru the Bureau of Broadcasting, Ministry of Communications. A year later, the government ended all commercial advertising on Channel 6, as well as the remaining private channels 4 and 2. Channel 2 was later on purchased and reformatted under new owners 176:
the Communist Party of Cuba in mass media affairs provided that its broadcasts are aligned with its purpose of building a socialist and progressive Cuba and as representative of the country's socialist values, infused with the long history of struggle against aggression. These included news programming (produced by subsidiary
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in 1962, which had already become Channel 6's owner and operator. The CIRT was established that year as the official government agency for radio and television, as well as the holding company for radio and television operations within Cuba, acting as the representative of the National Government and
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From its inception, Cuban television played a huge part in the social and political fiber of Cuban life. Extensive discussions about television began to unfold in the radio and entertainment sections of Cuban newspapers and magazines in the year leading up to October 14, 1950, the day Union Radio TV
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conducted an experimental multi-point live broadcast. The first regular commercial broadcasting began in October 1950 by the small radio station Union Radio, soon followed by other stations. The broadcasts featured sport, soap operas, news, cooking shows, and comedy. Censorship was imposed following
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In 2022, Cuba has five national television channels, fourth digital-only and fourth HD digital television channel and a number of provincial channels, and also some municipality channels broadcasting at least 2 hours by day. All are under the control of the new Cuban Institute for Information and
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In 1975, Channel 2 Havana and Tele Rebelde became the first stations to be broadcast using the US NTSC color system since 1958, thereby finishing what Gaspar Pumarejo had done before. In 1979, Tele Rebelde's main studios were moved to Havana with the opening of its national headquarters, and with
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On March 19, 1958, Gaspar Pumarejo once more made history at the inauguration of TELECOLOR S.A., on Channel 12, transmitting up to 16 hours a day of color programming. It was a commercial television station with studios located in the brand new and central Hotel Habana Hilton - now Habana Libre,
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The 1980s also saw the beginning of international broadcasts by the CIRT bringing Cuban television programming overseas as well as providing an outlet to Cuban culture (including music and the arts). In 1986, beating the Warsaw Pact, Nicaragua and the socialist republics of East Asia,
331:(PCC). Private ownership of broadcast media is prohibited, and the Cuban government, thru the CIRT, is owner and operator of the national TV channels, in regional stations the CIRT is co-owner with the provincial and town/city governments that help operate their respective stations. 116:
became the first television station to broadcast in Havana. Critics believed that US television set a level of excellence that they wanted to uphold. They believed the medium's primary purpose in Cuba would be to enhance the "high culture" education of the Cuban citizen.
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In 1989, buoyed by the success of the international service, Channel 6 and Cubavisión were relaunched as Cubavision and Cubavisión International respectively. In December 1989, with the channel rename, Cubavisión released an ultra-modern CGI identity card featuring the
128:'s successful coup, he sent for representatives of the media and imposed censorship. Though it was supposed to be temporary it wasn't until Journalists' Day, October 24, 1953 that the censorship was supposedly lifted. In truth the censorship became even harsher after 146:
Moral censorship also increased under Batista. There was a move towards more family friendly broadcasts and less sexually provocative variety shows. In particular these were the rumba and mambo-inspired dances and more specifically the female dancers.
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In 2017, a new all digital TV station, also state-owned and run and called Canal Caribe was started as "an attempt to stand out from the stiffly presented, heavily scripted newscasts that have aired on state TV for decades."
242:, was launched to bring Channel 6 and Tele Rebelde programming to millions of satellite (and later on cable) viewers in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, the rest of the Caribbean and mainland Central America. 163:
government began the process of forming a national television network, at the cost of the private operators. That year, Channel 11 serving Camagüey City was launched, the first ever provincial television station.
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baseball games beginning with the 1950-51 season. This was the first of many memorable seasons that would tie television to the Cuban baseball scene and would establish the game as Cuba's national pastime.
2251: 136:. Stations could be fined or shut down for various infractions. On March 14, 1953, CMCH-Radio Cadena Habana permitted a criticism of the coup. The station was immediately occupied by government soldiers. 139:
The media learned to operate within the parameters of the censorship. In late 1957, Circuito Nacional Cubano, a station purported to be secretly owned by Batista, broadcast a fictional program called
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In 1984, the CIRT began forming, on the basis of the Channel 6 and Tele Rebelde regional repeater stations outside Havana City, a regional television service made up of a number of provincial
67:, announced they would soon start broadcasting television. Since building TV stations and broadcast networks from scratch was extremely expensive and complex, it took longer than expected. 266:. Signing on in 1993, with assistance from UNESCO and later on the ICRT, it was the first channel of its kind in Cuba, serving as a documentary and current affairs channel with studios in 82:("Union Radio, first in television, first in popularity"). Union Radio was quickly followed by CMQ Television, which officially launched with its first broadcasts on December 18, 1950. 70:
They were both beaten to the air by the tiny radio station, Union Radio. Gaspar Pumarejo, owner of Union Radio, built the new station in the Havana home and garage of a family named
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In 2021 the CIRT was replaced by a new governing board, the Cuban Institute for Information and Social Communication, as the new holding firm of the Cuban television service.
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in the United States, was launched. This channel expanded Cubavision's educational programming, as well as its family-friendly programs on that channel and Tele Rebelde.
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Commercial television arrived in Cuba on October 25, 1950, the first in the Caribbean and second in Latin America. In the 1940s, Cuba's two largest radio stations,
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that Channel 2 was merged with the former station, making it a nationally broadcast network together with Channel 6. The combined network was given the
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In the most recent case, in 2020 Cuban television comedian Andy Vázquez, part of Cuban television's most popular show,
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was shown mugging it up for the camera and playing the role of cameraman. After this event Union Radio's slogan became
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dealt an immense blow to Cuban television production, 1993 saw the birth of the country's first community TV channel,
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El rey de la TV: Goar Mestre y la pelea entre gobiernos y medios latinoamericanos, de Fidel Castro a Juan Perón
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launched on Channel 6 in 1961) and entertainment, including music, variety programming and drama series.
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Cuba was the first Latin American country to begin television testing in December 1946 when station
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In 1960, the Cuban government purchased CMQ Channel 6 from its owners, becoming simply Channel 6 (
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Recently, using channels in Telegram, the national channels promote their listings every day.
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which used the US NTSC system. It was the first ever color station in Cuba and Latin America.
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that was designed to push back against international "media manipulation" surrounding Cuba.
203: 133: 28: 573: 3214: 3154: 2867: 2754: 2744: 2719: 2523: 2479: 2453: 2389: 2019: 1953: 1920: 1895: 1392: 386: 286: 64: 3083: 1253:"Andy Vázquez 'Facundo' ya tiene trabajo en la TV de Miami y promete romper su silencio" 1202:"Andy Vázquez 'Facundo' ya tiene trabajo en la TV de Miami y promete romper su silencio" 1074: 3166: 3144: 2739: 2709: 2656: 2540: 2508: 2024: 1357: 943: 760: 271: 259: 1277:"Andy Vázquez, Facundo en Vivir del Cuento, se prepara para la "situación coyuntural"" 1227:"Andy Vázquez, Facundo en Vivir del Cuento, se prepara para la "situación coyuntural"" 894: 3548: 3199: 3171: 2959: 2857: 2729: 2663: 2641: 2596: 2569: 2518: 1378: 740: 607: 366: 191:, officially made its television premiere on Channel 6. The next year CIRT, thru the 3238: 422: 380: 199: 129: 91: 1402: 993: 3253: 3176: 2694: 2513: 2236: 732: 547: 267: 71: 3265: 3194: 3139: 2636: 2428: 2039: 2029: 1355:
Yeidy M. Rivero (2007). "Broadcasting Modernity: Cuban Television 1950-1953".
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Following the Cuban Revolution's conclusion in 1959, the Fidel Castro-led
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Canal Caribe (founded in 2017; Cuba's first Digital-only news channel)
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in 2021, Cuba's state media announced a new political program called
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ICRT marked the Golden Jubilee of Cuban Television in October 2000.
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One of the first shows broadcast on Union TV was live coverage of
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1980s: The birth of regional television and international reach
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Broadcasting Modernity: Cuban Commercial Television, 1950-1960
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Union Radio, primera en televisión, primera en popularidad
1388:"La televisión en Cuba: comienzo y final de la diversión" 1075:"Cuba's slick TV channel that supports 'more revolution'" 189:
Noticiero National de Television Cubana - Edicion Estelar
38:(after the United States) to begin color broadcasting. 845:"Censorship a major tool for Latin American dictators" 353:
The following is a list of all television stations in
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The History, Culture and Legacy of the People of Cuba
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operate a television station to serve the troops at
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Facundo, no te mueras" 706:Weekly listings appear on the website of 319:Censorship under the Communist government 198:In 1968 the CIRT launched a new station, 2372:Military Counterintelligence Directorate 893:Quiñones, Roberto Álvarez (2020-11-26). 155:1960s-70s: Nationalization and expansion 2955:Cuban Institute of Radio and Television 777: 697:Daily listings appear in the newspaper 173:Cuban Institute of Radio and Television 44:Cuban Institute of Radio and Television 1032: 979: 638:Municipal and city television stations 195:subsidiary, took over its production. 63:(which had begun testing in 1946) and 1069: 1067: 633:), Military station of Guantanamo Bay 27:, and again by the government of the 7: 838: 836: 811: 809: 789:"Six facts about censorship in Cuba" 783: 781: 361:Available in non-digital/digital tv 2346:National Revolutionary Police Force 2304:Revolutionary Armed Forces (MINFAR) 2247:National Assembly of People's Power 187:In 1961 the flagship news program, 1995:United States embargo against Cuba 1386:Armando López (November 2, 2013), 1225:Evora, Jose Antonio (2019-09-26). 843:Martinez, Guillermo (2013-06-20). 661:Ciego de Avila TV (Ciego de Ávila) 448:Provincial stations outside Havana 254:1990s: Community television begins 14: 2367:Dirección General de Inteligencia 3409:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2872: 2862: 2853: 2852: 1669: 1636:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1175:Robinson, Circles (2012-12-20). 1125:Robinson, Circles (2020-01-14). 821:Committee to Protect Journalists 725: 649:Tele Mar( Santa Cruz del Norte ) 2863: 1177:"Cuba: The Tempo of Censorship" 1050:(Havana), March 19, 1958, p A12 1434:Portal de la Televisión Cubana 658:Sagua Visión (Sagua la Grande) 369:(Canal 6) – State broadcaster 1: 3215:Radio Habana Cuba-Cadena Azul 3155:Radio Habana Cuba-Cadena Azul 1150:Sanchez, Yoani (2014-08-26). 416:- Digital-only music channel. 31:after their victory in 1959. 3534:United States Virgin Islands 3296:Television in North America 2015:Cuban intervention in Angola 1301:Recio, Milena (2020-01-05). 1251:Moreno, Sarah (2020-01-28). 998:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: 817:"10 Most Censored Countries" 124:On March 10, 1952 following 111:Social and political aspects 1200:Moreno, Sara (2020-01-28). 655:Centro Norte TV (Caibarién) 132:'s July 26, 1953 attack on 36:second country in the world 3576: 3210:Mesa Redonda Internacional 2324:Territorial Troops Militia 1474:Television in the Americas 751:Telecommunications in Cuba 746:List of newspapers in Cuba 679:Golfovisión ( Manzanillo ) 616:United States Armed Forces 3509:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 3248: 2848: 2685: 2487: 2397: 2180: 2176: 2115: 2035:Fidel's transfer of power 1936:Cuban War of Independence 1811: 1778:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 1667: 948:San Jose State University 685:Palma TV ( Palma Soriano) 141:El Dictador De Valle Azul 3529:Turks and Caicos Islands 3205:Cubavision International 1798:Turks and Caicos Islands 1401:Yeidy M. Rivero (2015). 1283:(in Spanish). 2019-09-26 682:Portadavisión ( Niquero) 652:Tele Bandera( Cardenas ) 643:Sandinovisión( Sandino ) 408:Only Digital TV Channels 373:Cubavision International 236:Cubavision International 120:Censorship under Batista 1332:Michael Salwen (1994). 688:Primadavisión( Baracoa) 329:Communist Party of Cuba 3459:British Virgin Islands 2444:International rankings 2281:Prime Minister of Cuba 2276:Vice President of Cuba 1713:British Virgin Islands 1000:Editorial Sudamericana 918:Diaz-Martin, Roberto. 667:Nuevavisión (Nuevitas) 307:A month following the 101: 34:In 1958, Cuba was the 3560:Television by country 3399:Saint Kitts and Nevis 1626:Saint Kitts and Nevis 1409:Duke University Press 1338:Iowa State University 992:Pablo Sirvén (2013). 670:Gibaravisión (Gibara) 478:San José de las Lajas 182:Cuban National Series 161:26th of July Movement 97: 3098:Tribuna de La Habana 2647:Association Football 2632:Scouting and Guiding 2424:Dual economy of Cuba 2195:Council of Ministers 2155:World Heritage Sites 2010:Cuban Missile Crisis 2005:Bay of Pigs Invasion 1949:Spanish–American War 1371:10.1353/cj.2007.0028 646:Guines TV ( Guines ) 278:2000s: Modernization 228:University of Havana 76:Carlos Prío Socarrás 3414:Trinidad and Tobago 3309:Antigua and Barbuda 2000:Escambray rebellion 1803:U.S. Virgin Islands 1646:Trinidad and Tobago 1491:Antigua and Barbuda 1048:Diario de la Marina 488:Isla de la Juventud 430:HD digital Channels 248:José Martí Memorial 193:Sistema Informativo 3555:Television in Cuba 3349:Dominican Republic 3220:Televisión Serrana 2934:Censorship in Cuba 2920:Mass media in Cuba 2449:Telecommunications 2314:Revolutionary Navy 2309:Revolutionary Army 2190:Corruption in Cuba 1916:Colonial governors 1556:Dominican Republic 766:Censorship in Cuba 594:Televisión Serrana 264:Televisión Serrana 3542: 3541: 3431:other territories 3263: 3262: 3161:Radio Havana Cuba 3126: 3125: 2939:Cuban journalists 2886: 2885: 2844: 2843: 2840: 2839: 2672: 2671: 2474: 2473: 2384: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2264:President of Cuba 2242:Political parties 2225:Human trafficking 2210:Foreign relations 2163: 2162: 2102: 2101: 2056:History of Havana 1850: 1849: 1418:978-0-8223-7568-5 1396:(in Spanish), USA 1106:. August 11, 2023 875:. 2 November 2017 676:Canal 32 (Bayamo) 392:Canal Educativo 2 126:Fulgencio Batista 25:Fulgencio Batista 23:the 1952 coup by 3567: 3499:Saint Barthélemy 3429:Dependencies and 3302:Sovereign states 3290: 3283: 3276: 3267: 3150:Radio Free Dixie 2993:Juventud Rebelde 2975: 2913: 2906: 2899: 2890: 2876: 2875: 2866: 2865: 2856: 2855: 2806:Baseball players 2683: 2489: 2485: 2437:Convertible peso 2432: 2395: 2200:Council of State 2178: 2174: 2113: 2092:Santiago de Cuba 1901: 1877: 1870: 1863: 1854: 1768:Saint Barthélemy 1728:Falkland Islands 1673: 1468: 1461: 1454: 1445: 1422: 1397: 1382: 1351: 1318: 1317: 1315: 1314: 1298: 1292: 1291: 1289: 1288: 1281:PERIÓDICO CUBANO 1273: 1267: 1266: 1264: 1263: 1248: 1242: 1241: 1239: 1238: 1231:PERIÓDICO CUBANO 1222: 1216: 1215: 1213: 1212: 1197: 1191: 1190: 1188: 1187: 1172: 1166: 1165: 1163: 1162: 1147: 1141: 1140: 1138: 1137: 1122: 1116: 1115: 1113: 1111: 1096: 1090: 1089: 1087: 1086: 1071: 1062: 1057: 1051: 1042: 1036: 1030: 1021: 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272:Sierra Maestra 260:Special Period 255: 252: 238:, then simply 219: 216: 156: 153: 121: 118: 112: 109: 103:Soap operas (" 87: 84: 56: 53: 51: 48: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3572: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3436: 3434: 3426: 3420: 3419:United States 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3304: 3300: 3291: 3286: 3284: 3279: 3277: 3272: 3271: 3268: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3250: 3247: 3241: 3240: 3236: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3227: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3184: 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Retrieved 1309:(in Spanish) 1306: 1296: 1285:. Retrieved 1280: 1271: 1260:. Retrieved 1257:MSN Noticias 1256: 1246: 1235:. Retrieved 1233:(in Spanish) 1230: 1220: 1209:. Retrieved 1205: 1195: 1184:. Retrieved 1181:Havana Times 1180: 1170: 1159:. Retrieved 1155: 1145: 1134:. Retrieved 1131:Havana Times 1130: 1120: 1108:. Retrieved 1103: 1094: 1083:. Retrieved 1081:. 2017-04-22 1078: 1055: 1047: 1040: 994: 987: 951:. Retrieved 947: 938: 927:. Retrieved 923: 913: 902:. Retrieved 898: 888: 877:. Retrieved 872: 863: 852:. Retrieved 849:Sun Sentinel 848: 824:. Retrieved 820: 797:. 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2529:Education 2459:Transport 2331:(defunct) 2319:Air Force 2252:President 2205:Elections 2130:Provinces 2108:Geography 1826:Caribbean 1738:Greenland 1661:Venezuela 1606:Nicaragua 1576:Guatemala 1496:Argentina 1481:Sovereign 1379:144295478 604:Solvisión 558:Las Tunas 494:TV Yumuri 296:In 2008, 285:In 2002, 55:1950–1959 3439:Anguilla 3374:Honduras 3344:Dominica 3319:Barbados 3163:(1961– ) 3118:Victoria 3025:Adelante 2978:National 2858:Category 2818:abstract 2813:Painters 2801:Athletes 2760:Lebanese 2745:Japanese 2720:Filipino 2700:American 2652:Baseball 2627:Religion 2570:Language 2558:Internet 2297:Military 2169:Politics 2088:Matanzas 2072:Camagüey 2061:Timeline 1959:Republic 1911:Timeline 1888:articles 1693:Anguilla 1641:Suriname 1616:Paraguay 1591:Honduras 1551:Dominica 1536:Colombia 1506:Barbados 1156:HuffPost 1110:June 28, 1079:BBC News 719:See also 693:Listings 548:Camagüey 498:Matanzas 468:Artemisa 313:Con Filo 46:(ICRT). 3469:Curaçao 3454:Bonaire 3449:Bermuda 3379:Jamaica 3359:Grenada 3314:Bahamas 3072:Invasor 2927:General 2868:Outline 2825:Writers 2796:Artists 2770:Spanish 2765:Mexican 2740:Italian 2735:Isleños 2730:Haitian 2715:Ciboney 2710:Chinese 2519:Cuisine 2492:Society 2480:Culture 2464:airline 2454:Tourism 2390:Economy 2135:Islands 2084:Holguín 1921:Slavery 1896:History 1723:Curaçao 1708:Bonaire 1703:Bermuda 1656:Uruguay 1596:Jamaica 1571:Grenada 1561:Ecuador 1516:Bolivia 1501:Bahamas 1340:Press. 568:Holguín 398:channel 396:Telesur 169:Canal 6 50:History 3394:Panama 3384:Mexico 3329:Canada 3324:Belize 2986:Granma 2755:Korean 2750:Jewish 2725:French 2690:Cubans 2657:Boxing 2541:Health 2514:Cigars 2509:Cinema 2150:Rivers 2120:Cities 2049:Cities 1886:  1611:Panama 1601:Mexico 1581:Guyana 1526:Canada 1521:Brazil 1511:Belize 1483:states 1415:  1377:  1344:  1013:  700:Granma 578:Bayamo 72:Mestre 20:CM-21P 3444:Aruba 3369:Haiti 3230:Blogs 3132:Radio 3058:Girón 3032:Ahora 2878:Index 2830:women 2775:White 2664:Women 2642:Sport 2617:Radio 2597:Music 2580:Media 2524:Dance 2429:Peso 1943:Maine 1698:Aruba 1586:Haiti 1531:Chile 1375:S2CID 1007:] 627:NBW 8 574:CNCTV 3514:Saba 3339:Cuba 2286:list 2269:list 2230:LGBT 1884:Cuba 1763:Saba 1683:and 1621:Peru 1546:Cuba 1413:ISBN 1342:ISBN 1112:2023 1011:ISBN 614:The 464:ArTV 355:Cuba 349:List 323:All 3195:CMQ 3140:CMQ 2499:Art 2237:Law 1367:doi 631:AFN 291:PBS 61:CMQ 3551:: 2590:TV 2090:, 2086:, 2082:, 2078:, 2074:, 1411:. 1407:. 1390:, 1373:. 1363:46 1361:. 1336:. 1305:. 1279:. 1255:. 1229:. 1204:. 1179:. 1154:. 1129:. 1102:. 1077:. 1066:^ 1025:^ 1009:. 1005:es 962:^ 946:. 922:. 897:. 871:. 847:. 835:^ 819:. 808:^ 791:. 780:^ 712:. 703:. 622:: 357:: 230:. 206:. 3289:e 3282:t 3275:v 2912:e 2905:t 2898:v 1876:e 1869:t 1862:v 1467:e 1460:t 1453:v 1421:. 1381:. 1369:: 1350:. 1316:. 1290:. 1265:. 1240:. 1214:. 1189:. 1164:. 1139:. 1114:. 1088:. 1035:. 1019:. 982:. 956:. 932:. 907:. 882:. 857:. 829:. 802:. 629:( 610:) 606:( 600:) 596:( 590:) 586:( 580:) 576:( 570:) 566:( 560:) 556:( 550:) 546:( 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Index

CM-21P
Fulgencio Batista
Cuban revolution
second country in the world
Cuban Institute of Radio and Television
CMQ
RHC-Cadena Azul
Mestre
Carlos Prío Socarrás
Cuban League
telenovelas
Fulgencio Batista
Fidel Castro
Moncada Barracks
26th of July Movement
Cuban Institute of Radio and Television
Cuban National Series
Tele Rebelde
Santiago de Cuba
University of Havana
Cubavision International
José Martí Memorial
Special Period
Televisión Serrana
Buey Arriba
Sierra Maestra
Canal Educativo
PBS
Multivision
July 11 protests

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