585:
449:. Most of these providers offer additional high-end business services such as web hosting. The rollout has been rapid. Speeds range from 4/1 Mbit/s to 1000/1000 Mbit/s. A 100/50 Mbit/s plan will cost R900 to R1050 (US$ 60.89 to $ 71.04) depending on providers available in area and size of data package. An unlimited 1 Gbit/s/1 Gbit/s plan will cost around R1700 ($ 115.02) so prices are still somewhat expensive when compared to other countries with FTTH but prices have been continually falling throughout the rollout. Comparatively,
227:. For one hour, members of the public communicated with each other via a simple Picturetel system using a 128 kb ISDN line. "Cognitive dissident" and communications activist David Robert Lewis initiated the video conference and peacecast on the San Francisco side, and Freddie Bell answered the call in Woodstock, Cape Town. Because of different ISDN standards, a video bridge via Boston was used to achieve the link, which also featured interactive dancing. Organisations which took credit were technology sponsors Picturetel and
396:- the second undersea cable to land in South Africa - jointly owned and operated by Neotel - was switched on. Neotel have stated that sale of SEACOM bandwidth, too, has exceeded expectations, and will drive the continual downward-spiral of internet prices in the country. As of January 2010, South Africa has over 2 million broadband subscribers. Whilst this is the largest number in Africa, South Africa's broadband penetration of 4% is significantly below international standards.
19:
2180:
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Internet hotspots are ubiquitous in hotels, coffee shops, and the like. This enables users—often tourists or people on the move—to easily go online without having to enter into a fixed contract with an ISP. Many hotspots offer usage free of charge, though frequently only after registration and/or for
234:
In 2004, the
Department of Communications redefined the Electronics Communications Act, which consolidated and redefined the landscape of telecommunications licensing in South Africa (both mobile and fixed). The Independent Communications Authority (ICASA) currently licenses more than 400 independent
290:
In 2008, additional pay-TV licenses were granted to various companies in South Africa. As of
January 2010, none of the companies granted a license have begun providing services. However, On Digital Media (ODM), have stated that they are on track to begin sale of their product in May 2010, and that
409:
In late 2009, Telkom began trialling 8 and 12 Mbit/s ADSL offerings. In August 2010, Telkom officially introduced ADSL at 10 Mbit/s. More than 20,000 4 Mbit/s subscribers were upgraded free of charge. As of
October 2018, fixed line DSL speeds on offer range between 2 Mbit/s to
238:
Telkom is no longer the single operator in South Africa, and faces competition from the second Fixed
Network Operator Licensee, Neotel, as well as the four mobile operators, Vodacom, MTN, Cell-C and Rain. However, it still receives criticisms (see later) from smaller operators and the Competition
461:
Broadband services are well above the world average. Charges consist of three parts: the ADSL line rental (costs range from R169 for 2 Mbit/s, R389 for 8 Mbit/s, and R555 for 40 Mbit/s line access), the analogue phone line rental (R157, as of August 2013, which includes a landline
525:
offers a 7.2/2.4 Mbit/s HSDPA/HSUPA service in
Gauteng. Most of these offerings are more expensive than ADSL for mid-to-high usage, but can be cost effective if low usage is required. MTN triggered a price war in late February 2007, offering 2 GB for each 1 GB bought, with Iburst
203:
of more than R60 across both rural and urban subscribers. Vodacom, together with the other operators, have come under criticism in late 2009 by government and the public for high interconnect charges. This issue was currently being discussed by the
Parliamentary Committee on Telecommunications.
282:
is currently South Africa's only operating and Africa's largest satellite television provider. The company provides over 100 video and over 78 audio channels, and in 2008 introduced its first HD video channel. Since then an additional five HD channels have been introduced - namely M-Net HD,
392:, has been licensed in South Africa and is currently offering a wireless service in selected areas. According to Neotel, up-take of its services has exceeded expectations, and as a result Neotel are rapidly expanding services throughout major metropolitan areas in South Africa. In 2009,
462:
number) and an ISP account. The price of an ISP account can vary greatly, ranging from R109 ($ 7.37) for 100 GB to R4099 ($ 277.33) for 4 TB. Uncapped 1 Mbit/s ISP accounts start at R57 ($ 3.86) and can range up to R817 ($ 55.28) for uncapped 40 Mbit/s.
526:
giving a small "data bonus" to their contract customers and
Sentech also reducing their prices. Vodacom responded with dramatic price cuts of their own on 1 April 2007, after which Cell C reduced prices on their larger offerings to undercut both MTN and Vodacom.
133:
and Europe, and later connecting the country to the rest of the world. In 1879, the first submarine cable system that connected South Africa with Europe started to work, through the East Coast cable of the South
African Telegraph Company, a single channel cable.
67:), Cell C (75% owned by Saudi Oger, an international telecommunications holdings firm), and 8ta, a subsidiary of Telkom. In 2012, mobile penetration was estimated at more than 10%, one of the highest rates in the world. In 2019, mobile penetration reached 95%.
1411:
90:, With Vodacom and MTN controlling the 75% of the market share, ICASA considers that mobile brand services are highly concentrated in the country. a new provider, Rain launched in 2018 providing majority data only services to consumers.
325:
are available from the national operator Telkom. Recently, legislation was passed by government allowing all licensed telecommunications providers to build their own fixed line networks, resulting in a scramble by companies such as
235:
operators with the
Electronic Communications Network License (with the ability to self-provision) as well as issuing Electronic Communications Service Licenses for service deployment over infrastructure in the retail domain.
55:
A Second
Network Operator was to be licensed to compete with Telkom across its spectrum of services in 2002, although this license was only officially handed over in late 2005 and has recently begun operating under the name,
3699:
3469:
2399:
137:
In 1889, the first West Coast submarine cable from Cape Town to Europe was installed. The 1584 nm cable provided by CS Scotia was linked with West African Telegraph Companies' cables.
48:, was partly privatised and entered into a strategic equity partnership with a consortium of two companies, including SBC, a U.S. telecommunications company. In exchange for exclusivity (a
171:
The network continued to develop through internal financing in a heavily regulated market as international technology developed. At this point, telephone services were operated by the
557:
1G used to be offered by Vodacom, MTN, Cell C and Telkom. Since then all 1G cell towers in South Africa have been repurposed as 2G, 3G, 4G or 5G infrastructure or decommissioned.
2612:
219:
occurred on 24 June 1995 (2:00-3:00 p.m. PST). The Cybersafari Digital Be-In and Internet Love-Fest linked a technology fair at Fort Mason in San Francisco with a techno "
34:
3614:
358:. These will provide services to city and government-owned establishments, and will act as an extra source of income through the sale of excess bandwidth mainly to companies.
877:
543:
3454:
3049:
2141:
1696:
Pabst, R.; Walke, B.H.; Schultz, D.C.; Herhold, P.; Yanikomeroglu, H.; Mukherjee, S.; Viswanathan, H.; Lott, M.; Zirwas, W.; Dohler, M.; Aghvami, H. (September 2004).
565:
South Africa offers GSM 900 and GSM 1800 with almost 99% coverage. So far Vodacom has shown interest in turning off their 2G network, but it is still operating today
3474:
2842:
1412:"Analysis on South Africa's Telecommunications & Mobile Devices Market, 2019 with Comprehensive Profiles on 56 Market Players: Telkom, Vodacom, MTN, and More"
2497:
184:
In 1993 GSM was demonstrated for the first time in Africa at Telkom '93 in Cape Town. In 1994 the first GSM networks in Africa were launched in South Africa.
4823:
4795:
4790:
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outside of company networks was illegal under South African communications law, ostensibly to protect jobs. The deregulation of VoIP was announced by former
755:
4895:
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2103:
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was among the first mobile networks in the world to offer HSDPA services to its customers. Satellite options are available from both Sentech and Telkom.
2832:
1973:
181:
was incorporated on 30 September 1991 as a public limited liability company registered under the South African Companies Act, 61 of 1973, as amended.
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3725:
3089:
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2278:
425:
There are also about a dozen other small providers rolling out mostly to gated estates and neighbourhoods. These networks are open access wholesale
827:
806:
52:) to provide certain services for 5 years, Telkom assumed an obligation to facilitate network modernisation and expansion into the unserved areas.
4900:
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1994:
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156:
In the mid-twentieth century undersea telephone cables were also commissioned. In 1968, the SAT-1 cable was laid. It connected from
1608:
1491:
584:
1123:
381:, Telkom and a number of other ISP's. They typically provide speeds of up to 7.6 Mbit/s with HSDPA. HSUPA is also available.
118:. The first telegraph was launched on 2 December 1859, and the Cape of Good Hope Telegraph Company opened the line in April 1860.
4458:
4006:
3808:
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3069:
3029:
2915:
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2711:
2706:
2452:
2318:
2197:
1540:
231:, plus Peacecast organisers Unity 95, Parallel University, Vortex, Creativity Cafe and line producer "Cybersafari to Africa".
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4115:
3679:
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3504:
3499:
3479:
3444:
3429:
3074:
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1802:
655:
426:
175:. In the 1960s, South Africa was connected to 72 nations and total outgoing annual international calls numbered over 28,800.
126:
1384:
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3424:
3044:
3024:
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2209:
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706:
418:
Currently Openserve (a division of Telkom), Vumatel, MTN, and Broadband Infraco are among the providers rolling out
4713:
4635:
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4281:
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172:
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103:
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2150:
483:
150:
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3127:
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to construct their own country and citywide fibre-optic networks. Individual South African cities such as
122:
1633:
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4196:
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3907:
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1583:
1517:
1149:
546:
228:
178:
87:
83:
41:
1359:
1058:
1009:"A Model for Telecommunication Technology Transfer and Diffusion into the Rural Areas of South Africa"
4421:
4381:
4351:
4108:
4043:
3934:
3212:
2567:
2202:
1333:
1891:
1803:"Competitive dynamics of telecommunications markets in South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe"
33:
provides modern and efficient service to urban areas, including cellular and internet services. The
4431:
4371:
4130:
4092:
3949:
3890:
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1818:
1739:
437:, currently has the largest footprint covering areas in many smaller cities and towns that include
355:
1835:
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4321:
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4103:
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2328:
2301:
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1772:
471:
374:
99:
781:
18:
945:
187:
In 1994, South Africa launched a mobile operations, underwritten by Telkom in partnership with
4698:
4620:
4534:
4517:
4480:
4366:
4326:
4156:
4125:
3991:
3885:
3122:
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2562:
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1717:
1678:
1512:
1307:
1040:
714:
419:
4703:
4663:
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4610:
4539:
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4411:
4266:
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4011:
3870:
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1822:
1709:
1670:
1299:
1030:
1020:
984:
475:
434:
382:
331:
146:
138:
920:
4331:
4186:
3954:
3917:
2602:
1778:
1176:
1089:
975:
208:
142:
63:
South Africa has four licensed mobile operators: MTN, Vodacom (majority owned by the UK’s
3929:
2019:
878:"How South Africa went from its first telegraph service in 1859 to 100Mbps fibre in 2015"
573:
South Africa offers UMTS 900 and UMTS 2100 with 99.7% of the population having coverage.
115:
979:
646:
Carriers Vodacom and MTN both offer 5G 3500 and launched in Johannesburg and Cape Town.
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4376:
4336:
4306:
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4016:
3902:
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216:
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3242:
3227:
3222:
2582:
2506:
1760:
1189:
453:
charges consumers $ 70 for an unlimited (uncapped) 1000/400 Mbit/s in the US.
450:
438:
347:
284:
1291:
921:"History of the Atlantic Cable & Submarine Telegraphy - Cable & Wireless"
740:
4756:
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1713:
141:
carried out the links. Another cable to Cape Town was laid in 1899 during the
45:
1919:
1721:
1682:
1214:
1044:
741:"Tariff-Mediated Network Externalities: Is Regulatory Intervention Any Good?"
718:
4746:
4211:
4026:
3293:
2617:
522:
506:
339:
310:
273:
256:
Four main television stations are available to the public. These are namely
224:
111:
107:
75:
1240:"KidCast Central; KidCast for Peace: Solutions for a Better World Homepage"
1082:
433:(ISP) such as Vox, Webafrica, Axxess, or Telkom. Openserve, which is 51.4%
2119:
2098:
1663:"Mobile Broadband and Implications for Broadband Competition and Adoption"
1662:
4741:
4731:
4648:
4473:
4296:
3264:
2572:
1947:
1698:"Relay-based deployment concepts for wireless and mobile broadband radio"
1674:
681:"Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA) - Overview"
354:
are also in the process of, or have completed construction of city-owned
351:
191:, with 36,000 active customer on the network. This subsidiary grew to be
188:
165:
161:
64:
49:
2475:
1584:"Google Fiber Internet Plans & Prices - March 2021 | MoneySavingPro"
1437:"DStv | Get & Watch the Latest Sport, Movies, Series and Shows"
70:
Mobile market in South Africa is controlled by four cellular providers:
4736:
4721:
3259:
850:"Icasa wants to intervene in the mobile broadband market - TechCentral"
518:
510:
370:
362:
327:
196:
195:, which Telkom sold in late 2008 in preference for its own 3G network.
192:
71:
2044:
1035:
239:
Commission for setting South African broadband pricing in its favour.
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4726:
4048:
3840:
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1025:
1008:
494:
490:
446:
389:
378:
366:
343:
335:
265:
261:
257:
212:
130:
79:
57:
242:
In 2020, MTN, Vodacom and Rain launched 5G network in South Africa.
807:"SA mobile subscribers in 2017: Vodacom vs MTN vs Cell C vs Telkom"
4751:
4688:
3996:
1436:
583:
37:(ICASA) is the watchdog of the telecommunications in the country.
17:
2114:
1995:"South Africa mobile coverage / smartphone penetration 2015-2019"
1239:
313:
is easily obtainable in South Africa. Fixed line options such as
4693:
828:"Vodacom vs MTN vs Cell C vs Telkom – Mobile subscriber numbers"
539:
498:
318:
314:
292:
279:
269:
220:
3797:
3375:
2479:
2123:
3939:
479:
430:
295:. In 2012, DSTV now has added 8 more channels all for movies.
1836:"Network coverage in South Africa - 2G/3G/4G mobile networks"
1334:"MTN launches 5G network across major cities in South Africa"
429:
networks meaning that you have to purchase a package from an
2178:
1298:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 65–125,
272:. Other community-based stations are also on offer, such as
2109:
514:
291:
prices will be significantly cheaper than their competitor
1974:"Vodacom wants to turn off its 2G service in South Africa"
900:"Undersea cable systems in South Africa from 1879 to 2015"
287:, SuperSport HD 2, M-Net Movies 1 HD and SuperSport HD 3.
125:'s development of the telephone industry post-1876, early
1563:"Fibre price war in South Africa after wholesale changes"
1102:"South Africa's most popular mobile phones: 1994 to 2014"
478:, the local GSM operators (and their surrogates) provide
1266:"Telecom Review Africa - South Africa: The next ICT hub"
1360:"Vodacom to launch 5G services in South Africa in 2020"
309:
Although expensive compared to more developed nations,
1492:"Telkom ADSL speed upgrades – dates and other details"
1385:"Rain launches standalone 5G network in South Africa"
581:
South Africa offers LTE 1800, LTE 2100 and LTE 2300.
493:
offer their namesake, while cellular network company
1948:"Telkom Technology Coverage & Store Locator Map"
1892:"View Our Network & LTE Coverage Maps | Vodacom"
489:
A number of companies offer broadband alternatives.
35:
Independent Communications Authority of South Africa
4775:
4712:
4634:
4598:
4555:
4496:
4430:
4139:
3831:
3713:
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3407:
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2413:
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2327:
2292:
2239:
2223:
2190:
2157:
1013:
The South African Journal of Industrial Engineering
1007:Pieterse, H.L.; Pretorius, M.W. (15 January 2012).
129:telegraph links were introduced, first connecting
199:has a subscriber base of more than R45M, with an
1628:
1626:
1124:"Vodafone to acquire 15% more of Vodacom Group"
422:(FTTH) networks across major cities and towns.
1763:, Rudolph Muller, MyBroadband, 24 January 2008
1481:, Rudolph Muller, MyBroadband, 24 January 2010
1292:"Universal Access and Service in South Africa"
1215:"UNITY FOUNDATION - Events: 1990 through 1999"
505:and more recently a 21.1 Mbit/s service.
3809:
3387:
2491:
2135:
1736:"3g Hsdpa Hsupa : Mobile Data - Vodacom"
1609:"South African broadband prices vs The World"
1296:Regulating Telecommunications in South Africa
8:
1920:"Network Coverage Map - Cell C South Africa"
1541:"The biggest fibre networks in South Africa"
4824:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
1190:"Parliament impatient with interconnection"
4860:
3816:
3802:
3794:
3394:
3380:
3372:
2982:
2868:
2770:
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2523:
2498:
2484:
2476:
2142:
2128:
2120:
149:, by the Eastern Telegraph Company (later
1034:
1024:
780:McCrocklin, Shannon (26 February 2021).
596:
672:
44:, the South African telecommunications
2342:Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment
1188:Vecchiatto, Paul (16 September 2009).
1942:
1940:
1914:
1912:
1886:
1884:
1858:
1856:
1611:. MyBroadband.co.za. 21 November 2017
7:
4870:
3208:South African Bantu-speaking peoples
1122:Wanjiku, Rebecca (10 October 2008).
956:from the original on 27 October 2010
872:
870:
782:"Mobile Penetration in South Africa"
707:"Privatization Snag in South Africa"
705:Cauvin, Henri E. (2 November 2001).
538:Until 1 February 2005, the usage of
361:Wireless options are available from
2115:SA Telecoms and Communications News
756:"South Africa's telecommunications"
661:Internet censorship in South Africa
534:Voice over Internet protocol (VoIP)
4896:Telecommunications in South Africa
2104:Telecommunications in South Africa
2070:"5G in Johannesburg And Cape Town"
530:a limited amount of time or data.
14:
4869:
4859:
4850:
4849:
4838:
4459:Free-space optical communication
3700:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
3470:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2097:
2453:National Budget of South Africa
1479:"12 Mbps ADSL upgrades trialed"
588:Suburban LTE towers in Pretoria
470:There is a distinction between
223:" and cyber-deli in Woodstock,
4901:Communications in South Africa
739:Hoernig, Steffen (June 2008).
656:Digital Divide in South Africa
1:
22:5G Cell Tower in Johannesburg
4845:Telecommunication portal
4626:Telecommunications equipment
3402:Telecommunications in Africa
2347:Qualifying Small Enterprises
1702:IEEE Communications Magazine
593:LTE Coverage by carrier 2020
517:with up to 21.1 Mbit/s
4362:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
1459:original-ufdc.uflib.ufl.edu
1304:10.1007/978-3-030-43527-1_3
980:"Mother Earth Mother Board"
754:Mafika (23 November 2012).
4917:
4066:Telecommunications history
2359:Exempted Micro Enterprises
2337:Black Economic Empowerment
1819:SA telecoms soon liberated
1513:"Telkom ADSL line options"
988:. Vol. 4, no. 12
544:Minister of Communications
302:
252:Television in South Africa
249:
4833:
4674:Public Switched Telephone
4486:telecommunication circuit
4447:Fiber-optic communication
4192:Francis Blake (telephone)
3987:Optical telecommunication
3333:
2985:
2871:
2773:
2670:
2526:
2176:
2074:www.businessinsider.co.za
1714:10.1109/mcom.2004.1336724
431:internet service provider
211:between the continent of
173:South African Post Office
121:At about the time of the
4585:Orbital angular-momentum
4022:Satellite communications
3861:Communications satellite
3455:Central African Republic
1088:21 November 2010 at the
685:nationalgovernment.co.za
414:Fibre to the home (FTTH)
305:Internet in South Africa
276:and Cape Town TV (ctv).
201:average revenue per user
151:Cable & Wireless plc
104:Republic of South Africa
4464:Molecular communication
4287:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
4116:Undersea telegraph line
3851:Cable protection system
2929:State-owned enterprises
2628:Democratic South Africa
2448:State-owned enterprises
2307:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
2151:Economy of South Africa
1777:7 November 2008 at the
1761:MTN 3.6 Mbps HSDPA here
1667:SSRN Electronic Journal
1410:Markets, Research and.
1290:Lewis, Charley (2020),
1219:www.unityfoundation.org
4606:Communication protocol
4392:Charles Sumner Tainter
4207:Walter Houser Brattain
4152:Edwin Howard Armstrong
3960:Information revolution
2184:
1661:Lehr, William (2009).
1588:www.moneysavingpro.com
589:
123:Bell Telephone Company
23:
4580:Polarization-division
4312:Narinder Singh Kapany
4277:Erna Schneider Hoover
4197:Jagadish Chandra Bose
4177:Alexander Graham Bell
3908:online video platform
3615:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
3475:Republic of the Congo
2548:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
2182:
1270:Telecom Review Africa
1150:"Telkom Mobi pricing"
952:. Mysterra Magazine.
587:
547:Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri
21:
4422:Vladimir K. Zworykin
4382:Almon Brown Strowger
4352:Charles Grafton Page
4007:Prepaid mobile phone
3935:Electrical telegraph
3183:World Heritage Sites
2959:Water and sanitation
2568:Mthethwa Paramountcy
2395:Consumer price index
2183:Flag of South Africa
2106:at Wikimedia Commons
1864:"MTN | Coverage Map"
1792:, Independent Online
1675:10.2139/ssrn.2446011
1539:Labuschagne, Hanno.
356:fibre-optic networks
4372:Johann Philipp Reis
4131:Wireless revolution
4093:The Telephone Cases
3950:Hydraulic telegraph
3690:States with limited
2231:Automotive industry
1175:20 May 2009 at the
946:"Ascension History"
549:in September 2004.
4570:Frequency-division
4547:Telephone exchange
4417:Charles Wheatstone
4347:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
4322:Innocenzo Manzetti
4257:Reginald Fessenden
3992:Optical telegraphy
3825:Telecommunications
2593:Transvaal Republic
2385:South African rand
2329:Affirmative action
2302:Mineral Revolution
2274:Telecommunications
2185:
1742:on 1 November 2008
1441:www.dstvafrica.com
1416:www.prnewswire.com
1170:Consumer Fair site
925:atlantic-cable.com
760:Brand South Africa
711:The New York Times
590:
472:wireless broadband
160:, South Africa to
106:was a single line
100:telecommunications
86:, which is run by
27:Telecommunications
24:
4883:
4882:
4621:Store and forward
4616:Data transmission
4530:Network switching
4481:Transmission line
4327:Guglielmo Marconi
4292:Internet pioneers
4157:Mohamed M. Atalla
4126:Whistled language
3791:
3790:
3717:other territories
3490:Equatorial Guinea
3369:
3368:
3329:
3328:
2972:
2971:
2964:Wealth inequality
2911:Income inequality
2858:
2857:
2833:Political parties
2798:Foreign relations
2760:
2759:
2657:
2656:
2588:Orange Free State
2563:Dutch Cape Colony
2553:Kingdom of Mutapa
2473:
2472:
2375:National Treasury
2191:Natural resources
2102:Media related to
2024:www.vodacom.co.za
1896:www.vodacom.co.za
1389:RCR Wireless News
1313:978-3-030-43526-4
1148:Otter, Alastair.
978:(December 1996).
854:techcentral.co.za
848:Macleod, Duncan.
639:
638:
420:fibre to the home
207:The first public
145:, this time from
98:The first use of
4908:
4873:
4872:
4863:
4862:
4853:
4852:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4714:Notable networks
4704:Wireless network
4644:Cellular network
4636:Types of network
4611:Computer network
4498:Network topology
4412:Thomas A. Watson
4267:Oliver Heaviside
4252:Philo Farnsworth
4227:Daniel Davis Jr.
4202:Charles Bourseul
4162:John Logie Baird
3871:Data compression
3866:Computer network
3818:
3811:
3804:
3795:
3778:
3777:(United Kingdom)
3773:Tristan da Cunha
3769:Ascension Island
3761:
3748:
3739:
3715:Dependencies and
3408:Sovereign states
3396:
3389:
3382:
3373:
3349:
3342:
3168:National symbols
3090:Social movements
2983:
2924:
2896:Economic history
2869:
2771:
2737:Populated places
2668:
2608:Great Depression
2524:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2477:
2436:Traded companies
2400:Provinces by HDI
2314:Great Depression
2294:Economic history
2144:
2137:
2130:
2121:
2101:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1944:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1916:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1860:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1832:
1826:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1738:. Archived from
1732:
1726:
1725:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1638:
1630:
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1407:
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1398:
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1381:
1375:
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1372:
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1356:
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1345:
1330:
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1320:
1287:
1281:
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1278:
1276:
1261:
1255:
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1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1185:
1179:
1167:
1161:
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1156:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1098:
1092:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1038:
1028:
1026:10.7166/13-1-322
1004:
998:
997:
995:
993:
972:
966:
965:
963:
961:
942:
936:
935:
933:
931:
917:
911:
910:
908:
906:
895:
889:
888:
886:
884:
874:
865:
864:
862:
860:
845:
839:
838:
836:
834:
824:
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817:
815:
813:
803:
797:
796:
794:
792:
777:
771:
770:
768:
766:
751:
745:
744:
736:
730:
729:
727:
725:
702:
696:
695:
693:
691:
677:
597:
476:mobile broadband
435:government-owned
410:40 Mbit/s.
383:MTN South Africa
332:MTN South Africa
147:Ascension Island
4916:
4915:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4879:
4839:
4837:
4829:
4771:
4708:
4630:
4594:
4551:
4500:
4492:
4433:
4426:
4332:Robert Metcalfe
4187:Tim Berners-Lee
4135:
3955:Information Age
3827:
3822:
3792:
3787:
3786:
3776:
3759:
3746:
3737:
3718:
3716:
3709:
3693:
3691:
3684:
3403:
3400:
3370:
3365:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3325:
3194:
3173:Public holidays
3104:
3070:Sexual violence
3050:Life expectancy
2968:
2922:
2916:Mining industry
2854:
2818:Law enforcement
2756:
2722:Mountain ranges
2653:
2632:
2603:Second Boer War
2513:
2504:
2474:
2469:
2409:
2363:
2323:
2288:
2235:
2219:
2198:Mining industry
2186:
2174:
2153:
2148:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1924:www.cellc.co.za
1918:
1917:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1890:
1889:
1882:
1872:
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1862:
1861:
1854:
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1842:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1817:
1813:
1805:
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1800:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1779:Wayback Machine
1771:
1767:
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1734:
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1729:
1695:
1694:
1690:
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1378:
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1353:
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1341:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1274:
1272:
1264:Administrator.
1263:
1262:
1258:
1248:
1246:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1177:Wayback Machine
1168:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1132:
1130:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1090:Wayback Machine
1081:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1006:
1005:
1001:
991:
989:
976:Neal Stephenson
974:
973:
969:
959:
957:
944:
943:
939:
929:
927:
919:
918:
914:
904:
902:
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896:
892:
882:
880:
876:
875:
868:
858:
856:
847:
846:
842:
832:
830:
826:
825:
821:
811:
809:
805:
804:
800:
790:
788:
779:
778:
774:
764:
762:
753:
752:
748:
738:
737:
733:
723:
721:
704:
703:
699:
689:
687:
679:
678:
674:
669:
652:
644:
595:
579:
571:
563:
555:
536:
468:
459:
416:
407:
402:
307:
301:
283:SuperSport HD,
254:
248:
209:videoconference
143:Second Boer War
96:
84:Telkom (Mobile)
31:in South Africa
29:infrastructure
12:
11:
5:
4914:
4912:
4904:
4903:
4898:
4888:
4887:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4867:
4857:
4847:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4785:
4779:
4777:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4718:
4716:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4640:
4638:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4565:Space-division
4561:
4559:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4515:
4510:
4504:
4502:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4444:
4438:
4436:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4402:Camille Tissot
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4377:Claude Shannon
4374:
4369:
4367:Tivadar Puskás
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4337:Antonio Meucci
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4307:Charles K. Kao
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4282:Harold Hopkins
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4182:Emile Berliner
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4121:Videotelephony
4118:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4096:
4089:
4084:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4024:
4019:
4017:Radiotelephone
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3903:Internet video
3895:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3837:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3798:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3782:Western Sahara
3779:
3762:
3749:
3740:
3726:Canary Islands
3722:
3721:
3719:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3696:
3694:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3376:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3351:
3350:
3343:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3299:Cape Coloureds
3291:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3204:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3188:heritage sites
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3114:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3075:Slum clearance
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2934:Stock exchange
2931:
2926:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2891:Communications
2888:
2883:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2850:State security
2847:
2846:
2845:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2732:National parks
2729:
2727:Municipalities
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2685:Climate change
2677:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2598:First Boer War
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2480:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2428:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2368:Macroeconomics
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2284:Power stations
2281:
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2049:www.mtn.co.za
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2015:
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1455:"SatMagazine"
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4557:Multiplexing
4432:Transmission
4397:Nikola Tesla
4387:Henry Sutton
4342:Samuel Morse
4272:Robert Hooke
4237:Amos Dolbear
4172:John Bardeen
4091:
4071:Telautograph
3975:Mobile phone
3930:Edholm's law
3913:social media
3846:Broadcasting
3765:Saint Helena
3736:
3640:South Africa
3639:
3630:Sierra Leone
3435:Burkina Faso
3200:Demographics
3148:Homelessness
3118:Architecture
2949:Trade unions
2890:
2808:Human rights
2778:Constitution
2675:Biodiversity
2613:World War II
2583:Zulu Kingdom
2507:South Africa
2465:Trade unions
2390:Reserve Bank
2273:
2267:LGBT tourism
2165:Western Cape
2077:. Retrieved
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2023:
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2014:
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451:Google Fiber
439:Bloemfontein
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348:Johannesburg
323:Leased Lines
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4757:NPL network
4469:Radio waves
4407:Alfred Vail
4317:Hedy Lamarr
4302:Dawon Kahng
4262:Elisha Gray
4222:Yogen Dalal
4147:Nasir Ahmed
4081:Teleprinter
3945:Heliographs
3692:recognition
3645:South Sudan
3535:Ivory Coast
3304:Cape Malays
3025:Immigration
2876:Agriculture
2697:Earthquakes
2578:Cape Colony
2558:Kaditshwene
2431:JSE Limited
2210:Agriculture
2158:By province
1746:11 November
1421:17 February
833:15 November
812:15 November
513:also offer
110:connecting
4890:Categories
4803:Antarctica
4762:Toasternet
4684:Television
4167:Paul Baran
4099:Television
4083:(teletype)
4076:Telegraphy
4054:transistor
4032:Phryctoria
4002:Photophone
3980:Smartphone
3970:Mass media
3747:(Portugal)
3705:Somaliland
3625:Seychelles
3590:Mozambique
3575:Mauritania
3560:Madagascar
3515:The Gambia
3450:Cape Verde
3282:Afrikaners
3270:San people
3153:Literature
3100:Xenophobia
3020:Healthcare
3000:Disability
2923:(currency)
2828:Parliament
2803:Government
2788:Corruption
2623:Border War
2443:Krugerrand
2421:Corruption
2262:Ecotourism
2079:4 December
2054:4 December
2029:4 December
1615:5 December
1524:30 October
1036:2263/12533
724:4 December
667:References
246:Television
116:Simonstown
46:parastatal
4787:Americas
4776:Locations
4747:Internet2
4508:Bandwidth
4212:Vint Cerf
4109:streaming
4087:Telephone
4027:Semaphore
3918:streaming
3580:Mauritius
3294:Coloureds
3040:Languages
3005:Education
2954:Transport
2886:Companies
2838:President
2793:Elections
2742:Provinces
2702:Estuaries
2692:Districts
2663:Geography
2618:Apartheid
2426:Companies
2352:Scorecard
1722:0163-6804
1683:1556-5068
1646:16 August
1497:16 August
1045:2224-7890
992:4 January
960:4 January
719:0362-4331
603:Coverage
427:last mile
400:Broadband
340:Cape Town
311:broadband
274:Soweto TV
225:Cape Town
112:Cape Town
108:telegraph
40:In 1997,
4855:Category
4742:Internet
4732:CYCLADES
4649:Ethernet
4599:Concepts
4523:terminal
4474:wireless
4297:Bob Kahn
4140:Pioneers
3965:Internet
3856:Cable TV
3771: /
3767: /
3760:(France)
3754: /
3732: /
3728: /
3680:Zimbabwe
3655:Tanzania
3505:Ethiopia
3500:Eswatini
3480:Djibouti
3445:Cameroon
3430:Botswana
3356:Category
3265:Khoekhoe
3143:HIV/AIDS
3065:Religion
3030:Intersex
3010:Feminism
2990:Cannabis
2939:Taxation
2843:timeline
2823:Military
2766:Politics
2752:Wildlife
2649:Military
2637:By topic
2573:Ndwandwe
2531:Timeline
2511:articles
2380:Taxation
2252:Gambling
2240:Services
2224:Industry
2045:"MTN 5G"
2004:20 March
1999:Statista
1979:20 March
1957:20 March
1929:20 March
1901:20 March
1873:20 March
1845:20 March
1775:Archived
1634:"Telkom"
1395:12 March
1369:12 March
1344:12 March
1249:1 August
1224:1 August
1199:12 March
1173:Archived
1155:12 March
1133:12 March
1107:12 March
1086:Archived
1068:1 August
1059:"Telkom"
954:Archived
930:12 March
905:12 March
883:12 March
859:12 March
791:12 March
690:12 March
650:See also
624:Vodacom
600:Carrier
466:Wireless
352:Pretoria
299:Internet
189:Vodafone
166:Portugal
162:Sesimbra
127:undersea
65:Vodafone
50:monopoly
4875:Commons
4865:Outline
4818:Oceania
4737:FidoNet
4722:ARPANET
4535:circuit
4104:digital
3833:History
3756:RĂ©union
3752:Mayotte
3743:Madeira
3738:(Spain)
3734:Melilla
3665:Tunisia
3635:Somalia
3620:Senegal
3605:Nigeria
3595:Namibia
3585:Morocco
3550:Liberia
3545:Lesotho
3495:Eritrea
3465:Comoros
3440:Burundi
3415:Algeria
3340:Outline
3321:Chinese
3316:Indians
3309:Griquas
3287:British
3260:Khoisan
3213:Ndebele
3133:Cuisine
3110:Culture
3080:Smoking
3055:Poverty
2978:Society
2944:Tourism
2881:Banking
2864:Economy
2712:Islands
2707:Forests
2680:Climate
2644:Economy
2519:History
2257:Tourism
2215:Whaling
2170:Gauteng
1593:7 March
1568:7 March
1546:7 March
1364:Reuters
1338:Reuters
786:GeoPoll
632:Telkom
616:Cell C
511:Vodacom
482:(up to
457:Pricing
388:A SNO,
371:Vodacom
363:Sentech
328:Vodacom
197:Vodacom
193:Vodacom
102:in the
94:History
72:Vodacom
4813:Europe
4783:Africa
4767:Usenet
4727:BITNET
4664:Mobile
4540:packet
4049:MOSFET
4044:device
3841:Beacon
3775:
3758:
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3675:Zambia
3670:Uganda
3610:Rwanda
3565:Malawi
3525:Guinea
3420:Angola
3361:Portal
3277:Whites
3238:Tswana
3233:Tsonga
3178:Sports
3128:Cinema
3060:Racism
3015:Health
2901:Energy
2783:Courts
2747:Rivers
2509:
2110:Neotel
1952:Telkom
1823:News24
1720:
1681:
1641:Telkom
1518:Telkom
1319:24 May
1310:
1275:24 May
1063:Telkom
1043:
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635:88.6%
627:83.6%
611:89.5%
577:4G/LTE
523:Telkom
519:HSDPA+
497:offer
495:Cell C
491:Iburst
447:Knysna
445:, and
394:SEACOM
390:Neotel
379:Cell C
367:iBurst
344:Durban
336:Neotel
266:SABC 3
262:SABC 2
258:SABC 1
229:Telkom
213:Africa
179:Telkom
139:Telcon
131:Durban
88:Telkom
80:Cell C
58:Neotel
42:Telkom
4796:South
4791:North
4752:JANET
4689:Telex
4679:Radio
4518:Nodes
4513:Links
4434:media
4012:Radio
3997:Pager
3925:Drums
3891:video
3886:image
3876:audio
3730:Ceuta
3650:Sudan
3600:Niger
3555:Libya
3540:Kenya
3520:Ghana
3510:Gabon
3485:Egypt
3425:Benin
3347:Index
3248:Xhosa
3243:Venda
3228:Swazi
3223:Sotho
3163:Music
3158:Media
3095:Women
2995:Crime
2921:Rand
2717:Lakes
2536:Years
2414:Misc.
2247:Banks
1806:(PDF)
1637:(PDF)
1194:ITWeb
1019:(1).
985:Wired
765:3 May
4808:Asia
4694:UUCP
4654:ISDN
3660:Togo
3570:Mali
3460:Chad
3253:Zulu
3218:Pedi
3137:wine
3045:LGBT
2203:Coal
2081:2020
2056:2020
2031:2020
2006:2021
1981:2021
1959:2021
1931:2021
1903:2021
1875:2021
1847:2021
1748:2008
1718:ISSN
1679:ISSN
1648:2018
1617:2017
1595:2021
1570:2021
1548:2021
1526:2018
1499:2018
1466:2023
1423:2021
1397:2021
1371:2021
1346:2021
1321:2022
1308:ISBN
1277:2022
1251:2018
1226:2018
1201:2021
1157:2021
1135:2021
1109:2021
1070:2018
1041:ISSN
994:2022
962:2022
932:2021
907:2021
885:2021
861:2021
835:2017
814:2017
793:2021
767:2019
726:2021
715:ISSN
692:2021
619:81%
608:MTN
540:VoIP
509:and
503:EDGE
501:and
499:GPRS
474:and
405:ADSL
350:and
334:and
319:ISDN
315:ADSL
293:DStv
280:DStv
268:and
221:rave
215:and
114:and
4699:WAN
4669:NGN
4659:LAN
3940:Fax
3881:DCT
3123:Art
2813:Law
1710:doi
1671:doi
1300:doi
1031:hdl
1021:doi
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