61:
68:
45:
361:
808:
Greenfield, Tina, McKinny, Chris and Shai, Itzhaq, "'I Can Count All My Bones': A Preliminary Report of the Late Bronze Faunal
Remains from Area B1 at Tel Burna, Israel", The Wide Lens in Archaeology. Honoring Brian Hesse's Contributions to Anthropological Archaeology, hrsg. v. Justin Lev-Tov, Paula
344:
fortification wall. The fortification consisted of two parallel walls (2 meters apart) with perpendicular connectors. The other was 2 meters wide and the inner wall 1.5 meters wide, both constructed of large field stones. The fortification encloses a 70 by 70 meter area and has a length of about 270
842:
Shai I., Sharp C., de
Freitas A., Cassuto D. and McKinny C., "Trade and Exchange in the Southern Levant in the 13th Century BCE: A View from Tel Burna, a Town in the Shephelah, Israel", In A. Cruz and J.F. Gibaja eds. Interchange in Pre- and Protohistory: Case Studies in Iberia, Romania, Turkey and
668:
Shai I., Tavger A. and McKinny C., "A Glimpse into the
Canaanite Ritual Practices at Tel Burna during the Late Bronze Age" In E. Klein, A. Sasson, and A. Levy-Reifer eds. Ashkelon and Its Environs: Studies of the Southern Coastal Plain and the Judean Foothills in Honor of Dr. Nahum Sagiv, Ashqelon,
377:
which continues to the present. Among the Iron Age II finds on the summit were six storage silos which went out of use after that time. One silo cuts the inner fortification wall, indicating that the wall had fall out of use by that date. Among the late Iron Age II finds in the backfill of one silo
834:
Tavger, Aharon, et al., "‘Libnah and ‘Ether’ (Josh 15:42): The
Archaeological Survey of Khirbat El-‘Atar in Light of over a Decade of Excavations at Tel Burna", Archaeological Excavations and Research Studies in Southern Israel Collected Papers Volume 5: 18th Annual Southern Conference, edited by
368:
The site consists of a roughly 70 meter by 70 meter central mound and about an 16 hectare lower town. The site was described by Victor Guérin in 1869 (as Tell
Bournat) and then a decade later by Lieutenant Claude Conder of the Palestine Exploration Fund (noting 4 foot high fortification walls). A
311:
If in fact the location of Libnah should be sought out at Tel Burna, the excavations thus far do conform to what is understood about the city from the
Biblical texts. Moreover, some recent work in 2013 has led the leader of the excavation, Itzhaq Shai, program director of the Tel Burna Excavation
328:
During the Late Bronze age occupation began (on virgin soil) on a 40 meter by 100 meter platform below and to the west of the summit. The site reached its maximum occupation are during this period. Large quantities of LBA pottery shards, a 500 square meter cultic structure with a large courtyard
827:
Shai, Itzhaq, "Agricultural and
Economic Change in the Iron II Judean Shephelah as a Result of Geopolitical Shifts: A View from Tel Burna", “And in Length of Days Understanding”(Job 12: 12) Essays on Archaeology in the Eastern Mediterranean and Beyond in Honor of Thomas E. Levy. Cham: Springer
372:
A site survey was conducted in 2009. The first excavations at the site were conducted in the summer of 2010, by a team from the
Institute of Archaeology at Ariel University, as part of a long term archaeological project, headed by Itzhaq Shai and Joe Uziel, affiliated with
838:
Shai I., "Two Late Bronze Age
Ceramic Masks from Tel Burna, Israel" In A. Berlejung and J.E. Filitz eds. The Physicality of the Other Masks from the Ancient Near East and the Eastern Mediterranean (Orientalische Religionen in der Antike 27). Tübingen, pp. 133–139,
324:
The site was established in the Early Bronze II period and extensively settled in the Middle Bronze, Late Bronze, and Iron Ages (with peak activity in the Early Bronze age and Iron II periods). It was lightly occupied in the
Persian and Byzantine periods.
823:
Shai, Itzhaq, "Tel Burna: A Judahite Fortified Town in the Shephelah", The Shephelah during the Iron Age: Recent Archaeological Studies, edited by Oded Lipschits and Aren M. Maeir, University Park, USA: Penn State University Press, pp. 45-60,
831:Šmejda, L., Hejcman, M., Horák, J. and Shai, I., "Multi-element Mapping of Anthropogenically Modified Soils and Sediments at the Bronze to Iron Ages Site of Tel Burna in the Southern Levant", Quaternary International 483, pp. 111–123, 2018
815:
Orendi A., Šmejda L., McKinny C., Cassuto D., Sharp C. and Shai I., "The Agricultural Landscape of Tel Burna: Ecology and Economy of a Bronze Age/Iron Age Settlement in the Southern Levant", Journal of Landscape Ecology 10/3, pp.165–188,
819:
Jon Ross, Kent D. Fowler, Itzhaq Shai, "New fingerprint evidence for female potters in Late Bronze Age Canaan: The demographics of potters and division of labour at Tel Burna", Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, vol. 71, 2023 ISSN
631:
Shai, Itzhaq, McKinny, Chris and Uziel, Joe, "Late Bronze Age Cultic Activity in Ancient Canaan: A View from Tel Burna", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, BASOR, no. 374, pp. 115-133,
659:
António de Freitas. C. Mckinny, Itzick Shai, "A Mittanian-Style Cylinder Seal from Tel Burna", Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences, Volume 3, Issue 6, pp. 751-754, 2018
622:
Shai, I., and J. Uziel, "Addressing Survey Methodology in the Southern Levant: Applying Different Methods for the Survey of Tel Burna, Israel" Israel Exploration Journal 64(2), pp.172–190, 2014
802:
Ackermann, Oren, et al., "Deciphering Hidden Ancient Human Physical and Chemical Markers through pOSL and pXRF Analysis: A Case Study at Tel Burna", No. EGU24-14063", Copernicus Meetings, 2024
340:
After a period of modest use in Iron Age (IIA) occupation expanded in the IIAB-C period (c. 9th to 7th century BC) though restricted only to the summit of the mound which was protected by a
345:
meters. Along the southern section of the wall a monumental city gate with a massive stone tower and buttresses was excavated. Finds included a large number of pottery shards, some with
650:
Shai, Itzhaq, and Chris Mckinny, "Canaanite Votive Offerings and Their Significance within Their Context at Tel Burna", Israel Exploration Journal, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 1–17, 2020
780:
Shai, Itzhaq, et al., "A Private Stamped Seal Handle from Tell Bornāṭ/Tẹ̄l Burnā, Israel", Zeitschrift Des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins (1953-), vol. 130, no. 2, pp. 121–37, 2014
735:
Conder C.R. and Kitchener H.H., "The Survey of Western Palestine, Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography and Archaeology III. Sheets XVII–XXVI", Judaea, London, 1883
678:
Shai, Itzhaq, "Two Cypriot Pithoi from Late Bronze Age Tel Burna", Tel Aviv. Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 65-82, 2019
789:
Locatell C., McKinny C. and Shai I., "The Tree of Life Motif, Late Bronze Canaanite Cult, and a Recently Discovered Krater from Tel Burna. JAOS 142, pp. 573–596, 2022
288:), saying that it was a village formerly inhabited by the Anakim and that the village was still inhabited in his day and situated "not far from Eleutheropolis (
304:, as both ruins are principal Bronze Age sites only 2 miles (3.2 km) apart, and situated in the direction of Lod as one sets out from Beit Gubrin. Nearby
699:
Tavger, Aharon, et al., "The Fortifications of Tel Burna: A Reappraisal after Twelve Seasons of Excavations (2010–2022)", ’Atiqot, vol. 111, pp. 73–102, 2023
805:
Gaastra, Jane S., et al., "Big-cat hunting in the Bronze and Iron Ages of the Near East: a view from Tel Burna", Antiquity 97.395, pp. 1138-1155, 2023
506:
708:
McKinny, Chris, et al., "Tel Burna after a Decade of Work: The Late Bronze and Iron Ages", Near Eastern Archaeology, vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 4–15, 2020
876:
690:
Shai, Itzhaq, et al., "The Fortifications at Tel Burna: Date, Function and Meaning", Israel Exploration Journal, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 141–57, 2012
296:), near the fifth milestone from Eleutheropolis." Eusebius' description, who places the village at the 5th-milestone from Beit Gubrin, puts
60:
726:
Guérin V., "Description Géographique, Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine, accompagnée de cartes détaillées 2: Judée", Paris, 1869
543:
514:
329:
containing a standing stone, Cypriot zoomorphic vessels, Mycenaean figurines, a Cypriot three-cupped votive vessel, and a steatite
418:(in Hebrew). Vol. 9. Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, in affiliation with the Israel Ministry of Defence. pp. 309–310.
502:(TIR): Tabula Imperii Romani. Iudaea, Palestina: Eretz Israel in the Hellenistic , Roman and Byzantine Periods; Maps and Gazetteer
107:
394:
464:
767:
308:
is placed by Eusebius at about 2 milestones from Eleutheropolis (2 kilometres (1.2 mi) southeast of Beit Gubrin.
641:
Sharp, Casey, Chris McKinny, and Itzhaq Shai, "Late Bronze Age Figurines from Tel Burna", Strata 33, pp. 61–76, 2015
378:
was a jar handle fragment stamped with a private seal "'zr followed by hgy" which the excavators took as two names.
568:
755:
437:
224:(4 kilometers to the west). The site is thought to have been one of a series of sites along the border between
744:
Aharoni Y. and Amiran R., "A Tour of the City-Mounds of the Shephelah. BIES 19, pp. 222–225, 1955 (in Hebrew)
280:
374:
241:
197:
605:
431:
549:
539:
510:
470:
460:
419:
253:
597:
482:
301:
257:
225:
451:
245:
44:
531:
143:
870:
609:
601:
585:
496:
481:(original Hebrew edition: 'Land of Israel in Biblical Times - Historical Geography',
717:
Ayalon A., "Givati Brigade against the Egyptian Invader", Tel Aviv, 1963 (in Hebrew)
538:. Translated by G.S.P. Freeman-Grenville. Jerusalem: Carta. p. 42 (s.v. Geth).
382:
213:
500:
289:
217:
269:
261:
858:
416:
Israel Guide - Judaea (A useful encyclopedia for the knowledge of the country)
285:
193:
553:
536:
Palestine in the Fourth Century A.D.: The Onomasticon by Eusebius of Caesarea
423:
300:
in approximate position as a contender for the site of ancient Gath, or else
192:(Judean foothills), along the banks of Nahal Guvrin, not far from modern-day
122:
109:
346:
333:
cylinder seal were found. Embedded in the courtyard were two large Cypriot
229:
221:
205:
189:
474:
360:
252:, a site mentioned several times in the Bible, and noted to be one of the
17:
341:
275:
330:
312:
Project, to believe that Tel Burna is the site of the biblical town of
305:
265:
209:
201:
334:
313:
249:
95:
586:"The Settlement History of Tel Burna: Results of the Surface Survey"
835:
Amir Golani et al., Israel Antiquities Authority, pp. 91–116, 2022
359:
853:
381:
Finds included an illustrated krater, unique but parallel to the
414:
Ben-Yosef, Sefi (n.d.). "Tel Burna". In Ben-Yosef, Sefi (ed.).
812:
McKinny C. and Dagan A., "The Explorations of Tel Burna", 2013
293:
569:
Archaeologists enlist volunteer help to uncover Biblical city
571:, Fox News: Science, 11 July 2013, accessed 31 December 2017
459:(2 ed.). Philadelphia: Westminster Press. p. 439.
352:
In 1948 the site was used as a military outpost in the war.
188:(also Tell Bornât) is an archaeological site located in the
809:
Hesse, Allan Gilbert (Archaeobiology 2), pp. 419-442, 2017
240:
Due to its location, and its prominence in the Iron Ages,
760:
Hadashot Arkheologiyot: Excavations and Surveys in Israel
248:, among others, have suggested identifying the site with
843:
Israel (BAR Int. S. 2891). Oxford, pp. 177–183, 2018
175:
167:
162:
154:
149:
138:
101:
91:
83:
369:limited survey of the site occurred in the 1950s.
268:, Queen of Judah in the 7th century BCE was born (
456:The Land of the Bible: A Historical Geography
8:
284:mentions the ancient biblical city of Gath (
30:
828:International Publishing, pp. 711-721, 2023
686:
684:
579:
577:
43:
29:
507:Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities
406:
256:. Libnah had also revolted against the
499:; Leah Di Segni; Judith Green (1994).
429:
7:
25:
584:Uziel, Joe; Shai, Itzhaq (2010).
67:
602:10.1179/033443510x12760074471062
66:
59:
395:Cities of the ancient Near East
877:Archaeological sites in Israel
1:
859:Find a Dig: Tel Burna, Israel
768:Israel Antiquities Authority
278:(3rd–4th century CE) in his
196:. Tel Burna is located near
754:Shai, Itzhaq (2021-06-15).
669:pp. 47–58, 2020 (in Hebrew)
27:Israeli archaeological site
893:
558:, s.v. Geth (Josh. 11:22)
54:
42:
35:
260:in the 9th century BCE (
49:Aerial view of Tel Burna
123:31.633944°N 34.867858°E
365:
179:Itzhaq Shai, Joe Uziel
158:Bronze & Iron Ages
363:
168:Excavation dates
530:Chapmann III, R.L.;
509:. pp. 170–171.
436:: CS1 maint: year (
364:Tel Burna excavation
128:31.633944; 34.867858
485:, Jerusalem (1962))
375:Bar Ilan University
119: /
75:Shown within Israel
32:
366:
292:) near Diospolis (
139:Grid position
254:13 Kohanic cities
183:
182:
16:(Redirected from
884:
790:
787:
781:
778:
772:
771:
751:
745:
742:
736:
733:
727:
724:
718:
715:
709:
706:
700:
697:
691:
688:
679:
676:
670:
666:
660:
657:
651:
648:
642:
639:
633:
629:
623:
620:
614:
613:
581:
572:
565:
559:
557:
527:
521:
520:
493:
487:
483:Bialik Institute
479:
448:
442:
441:
435:
427:
411:
302:Tell ej-Judeideh
258:Kingdom of Judah
134:
133:
131:
130:
129:
124:
120:
117:
116:
115:
112:
70:
69:
63:
47:
33:
21:
892:
891:
887:
886:
885:
883:
882:
881:
867:
866:
864:
850:
799:
797:Further reading
794:
793:
788:
784:
779:
775:
753:
752:
748:
743:
739:
734:
730:
725:
721:
716:
712:
707:
703:
698:
694:
689:
682:
677:
673:
667:
663:
658:
654:
649:
645:
640:
636:
630:
626:
621:
617:
583:
582:
575:
566:
562:
546:
534:, eds. (2003).
529:
528:
524:
517:
495:
494:
490:
467:
450:
449:
445:
428:
413:
412:
408:
403:
391:
358:
322:
238:
127:
125:
121:
118:
113:
110:
108:
106:
105:
79:
78:
77:
76:
73:
72:
71:
50:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
890:
888:
880:
879:
869:
868:
862:
861:
856:
854:Tel Burna site
849:
848:External links
846:
845:
844:
840:
836:
832:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
810:
806:
803:
798:
795:
792:
791:
782:
773:
746:
737:
728:
719:
710:
701:
692:
680:
671:
661:
652:
643:
634:
624:
615:
596:(2): 227–245.
573:
567:Savitsyk, S.,
560:
544:
522:
515:
488:
465:
443:
405:
404:
402:
399:
398:
397:
390:
387:
357:
354:
321:
318:
237:
236:Identification
234:
181:
180:
177:
176:Archaeologists
173:
172:
169:
165:
164:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
147:
146:
140:
136:
135:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
74:
65:
64:
58:
57:
56:
55:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
889:
878:
875:
874:
872:
865:
860:
857:
855:
852:
851:
847:
841:
837:
833:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
811:
807:
804:
801:
800:
796:
786:
783:
777:
774:
769:
765:
761:
757:
750:
747:
741:
738:
732:
729:
723:
720:
714:
711:
705:
702:
696:
693:
687:
685:
681:
675:
672:
665:
662:
656:
653:
647:
644:
638:
635:
628:
625:
619:
616:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
580:
578:
574:
570:
564:
561:
555:
551:
547:
545:965-220-500-1
541:
537:
533:
526:
523:
518:
516:965-208-107-8
512:
508:
505:. Jerusalem:
504:
503:
498:
492:
489:
486:
484:
478:
476:
472:
468:
462:
457:
453:
447:
444:
439:
433:
425:
421:
417:
410:
407:
400:
396:
393:
392:
388:
386:
384:
379:
376:
370:
362:
355:
353:
350:
349:impressions.
348:
343:
338:
336:
332:
326:
319:
317:
315:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:
277:
273:
271:
270:2 Kings 23:31
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
235:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
178:
174:
170:
166:
161:
157:
153:
148:
145:
141:
137:
132:
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
62:
53:
46:
41:
34:
19:
863:
785:
776:
763:
759:
749:
740:
731:
722:
713:
704:
695:
674:
664:
655:
646:
637:
627:
618:
593:
589:
563:
535:
532:Taylor, J.E.
525:
501:
491:
480:
458:
455:
446:
415:
409:
383:Lachish ewer
380:
371:
367:
351:
339:
327:
323:
310:
297:
286:Joshua 11:22
279:
274:
264:) and where
262:2 Kings 8:22
239:
214:Tell es-Safi
185:
184:
756:"Tel Burna"
497:Tsafrir, Y.
452:Aharoni, Y.
356:Archaeology
290:Beit Gubrin
281:Onomasticon
242:W. Albright
198:Beit Guvrin
126: /
102:Coordinates
466:0664242669
401:References
246:Y. Aharoni
194:Qiryat Gat
163:Site notes
114:34°52′04″E
111:31°38′02″N
18:Tell Burna
820:0278-4165
610:128847996
554:937002750
432:cite book
424:745203905
347:LMLK seal
298:Tel Burna
230:Philistia
222:Tel Zayit
206:Tel Goded
190:Shephelah
186:Tel Burna
171:2010-2019
31:Tel Burna
871:Category
590:Tel Aviv
454:(1979).
389:See also
342:casemate
276:Eusebius
84:Location
37:תל בורנה
475:6250553
331:Mittani
320:History
306:Maresha
266:Hamutal
210:Lachish
202:Maresha
155:Periods
150:History
142:138115
608:
552:
542:
513:
473:
463:
422:
335:pithoi
314:Libnah
250:Libnah
96:Shfela
92:Region
87:Israel
606:S2CID
226:Judah
839:2018
824:2017
816:2017
632:2015
550:OCLC
540:ISBN
511:ISBN
471:OCLC
461:ISBN
438:link
420:OCLC
244:and
228:and
220:and
218:Gath
764:133
598:doi
294:Lod
272:).
144:PAL
873::
766:.
762:.
758:.
683:^
604:.
594:37
592:.
588:.
576:^
548:.
469:.
434:}}
430:{{
385:.
337:.
316:.
232:.
212:,
208:,
204:,
770:.
612:.
600::
556:.
519:.
477:.
440:)
426:.
216:/
200:/
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
