Knowledge (XXG)

Template:Ref

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is the footnote reference marker, shown as a superscript. The easiest choice is to make these two the same, but this is not a requirement. If the second parameter is not supplied, the marker is a superscripted external link of the form .
2855:(with which Reference Tooltips does work) is currently the preferred method of creating footnotes, especially when the number of footnotes increases and the size of the article (or the area in which footnotes are used) grows. 1650:
Since the footnote body text starts without a delimiter after this string, there is a caveat: If the footnote body text starts with a lowercase letter, the first word may be attached to the back link. (For more info, see
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This parameter was originally meant to alleviate the problem of connecting many ref tags with the same ID to one note tag with that ID. However, it only replaces one form of broken code with another. Consider using
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The links and backlinks are identified internally by combining the specified parameters. The templates accepts a number of unnamed parameters identified by their position. It also accepts a named parameter (named
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There is no mandate to include this parameter in both ref and note portion at the same time. In fact, there may be the need to do the opposite. This example shows how to use
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templates place labeled references to the notes, with the labels normally hyperlinks for navigating from a ref to a corresponding note and back from the note to the ref. The
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instead, which does not generate any back link unless configured to do so. There must always be one and only one note template for every ref template with the same
3156: 3362: 3230: 3134: 440:) Duplicate identifiers generate invalid code, to which web browsers react differently. Some browsers report errors, while others may randomly keep one 3321: 3553: 3525: 1071:... The reunification project started in 1959 and concluded in 1961. The outcome of the project was instrumental in the company's success. ... 925:... The reunification project started in 1959 and concluded in 1961. The outcome of the project was instrumental in the company's success. ... 3466: 3094: 959:... The reunification project started in 1959 and concluded in 1961. The outcome of the project was instrumental in the company's success. 825:... The reunification project started in 1959 and concluded in 1961. The outcome of the project was instrumental in the company's success. 444:
and discard others silently. In all cases, however, navigation between some footnote marks and their body texts does not work as desired. See
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One common application for ref and note templates is in placing footnotes below tables, as in the following example taken from the
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parameter glows when the user clicks on the footnote mark. In the example below, try clicking on and and see the difference.
3240: 3301: 3288: 3278: 3182: 3225: 3220: 3139: 3558: 172: 3268: 3255: 3187: 3172: 432:, should have unique identifiers. This applies even if multiple references pointing to the same footnote are desired. ( 3057: 3202: 3151: 139: 42: 3124: 3110: 3563: 270:. The label is used to form the fragment identifier for the footnote link and back link. The second parameter of 3273: 2856: 74: 3520: 445: 70: 3041: 3029: 3342: 3215: 3210: 3074: 2852: 1394:) also accepts the special value "none" (without quotation marks), which causes a caret to appear where 3505: 66: 3347: 355: 217: 3396: 3357: 332: 207: 390:
Identifier for a note and its back link (mandatory). This is the only mandatory parameter for a
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displays a unique number in square brackets if this parameter is omitted. (See example above.)
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gadget does not work with these templates. Using ref/note tags is not the only way to create
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pair should be unique. The following example shows what happens when two refs use the same
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template. However, it is possible to insert the body text inside the template, in place of
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The following examples compares two method and also shows how they can be combined:
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Article text more text more text more text more text more text more text more text.
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In all previous examples, the body text of a piece of footnote was inserted outside
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to link multiple footnote markers of the same appearance to the same footnote.
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Label text displayed where these templates are inserted (mandatory for
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is a label that has to be used for the parameter of the corresponding
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and changes may be widely noticed. Test changes in the template's
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If a note list separate from the list of references is desired,
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The following illustrates the general syntax of each template:
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Includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured
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Text of note for refs g and h (with extended highlighting).
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Text of note for refs g and h (with extended highlighting).
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An explanation on how to create 'numbered footnotes' is at
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pair may either forgo this parameter or must both have it.
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For information on how to place and format citations, see
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Correct method of implementing this feature – using the
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can convert ref/note tags to the newer Cite.php style.
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pair of templates are similar to the pair without the
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Knowledge (XXG):Template messages/Sources of articles
3457: 3441: 3386: 3335: 3287: 3254: 3201: 3165: 3117: 402:couple, which can be used to add simple footnotes. 2976:Smith (2000). "A book about yammering". 2589: Text for note c (with extended highlighting). 2815:Components may not sum to totals due to rounding 3044:, an essay on this method of creating footnotes 227:templates place notes into an article, and the 247:) which is deprecated since its introduction. 3095: 3002:Smith wrote the definitive book on yammering. 2900:Smith wrote the definitive book on yammering. 2537:Text for note c (with extended highlighting). 2299: 380:Description of each parameter is as follows: 8: 2982:Yammer yammer yammer. Yammer yammer yammer. 2998: 2996: 619:, the label is always enclosed in brackets. 3504:Editors can experiment in this template's 3102: 3088: 3080: 2312: 2289: 2279: 2270: 2261: 1124:is a complementary parameter that is part 2585: 2575: 2565: 438:parameter – is illustrated further below. 104:the recommended method of citing sources. 2864: 2609: 2353: 1853: 1657: 1518: 1402: 1249: 1083:B. See Brown, Lewinsky and Hart, 2009. 804: 622: 450: 3020:Smith (2000). "A book about yammering". 2992: 610:parameter (explained later) is present. 1204:, this parameter completely overrides 3363:Converting between references formats 3028:Also see examples and explanation in 1804: 1795: 77:. Consider discussing changes on the 7: 1066:See Brown, Lewinsky and Hart, 2009. 920:See Brown, Lewinsky and Hart, 2009. 782:appends this label to a back linked 3378:Guidance on source reviewing at FAC 3317:Referencing without using templates 3312:Referencing with citation templates 2829: 1167:pair, both ends must have the same 1104:does not generate a back link from 950:See Brown, Lewinsky and Hart, 2009. 2811: 2630:County of Kent (excluding Medway) 2546:Article text more text more text. 1839:{{note label}} 1505:{{note label}} 1397:{{note label}} 1231:{{note label}} 1201:{{note label}} 1180:{{note label}} 1164:{{note label}} 1145:{{note label}} 1136:"Complementary parameter" means a 1117:{{note label}} 1101:{{note label}} 603:{{note label}} 566:{{note label}} 544:{{note label}} 429:{{note label}} 14: 1512:parameter. Everything put inside 1215:{{ref label}} 1174:{{ref label}} 1158:{{ref label}} 1139:{{ref label}} 1111:{{ref label}} 1108:parameter. A unique parameter of 616:{{ref label}} 591:{{ref label}} 560:{{ref label}} 538:{{ref label}} 423:{{ref label}} 2824:Includes energy and construction 2820: 1476: 157: 90: 52: 21: 3368:Reference display customization 509:Text that requires a footnote. 62:approximately 23,000 pages 3554:Templates using TemplateStyles 753:This parameter is optional in 737: 470:Text that requires a footnote. 239:name, but with more features. 183:This documentation is for the 140:Knowledge (XXG):Citing sources 1: 3135:Biographies of living persons 2839:Alternative referencing style 1641: Some other footnote text 1377: 1371: 2344:{{note}} 1829:{{note}} 1499:{{note}} 1225:{{note}} 799:{{note}} 779:{{note}} 762:{{note}} 597:{{note}} 576:{{note}} 417:{{note}} 399:{{note}} 173:Template:Citation/styles.css 3373:References and page numbers 3307:Introduction to referencing 3111:Knowledge (XXG) referencing 3058:Category:Citation templates 2338:{{ref}} 1241:{{ref}} 1171:value. In addition, in any 793:{{ref}} 771:{{ref}} 756:{{ref}} 585:{{ref}} 554:{{ref}} 420:, as well as every pair of 411:{{ref}} 393:{{ref}} 347:|noid=noid}} 301:|noid=noid}} 272:{{ref}} 3580: 3478: 3322:Referencing dos and don'ts 2331:As explained earlier, the 3538:Subpages of this template 3467:Parenthetical referencing 3302:Citations quick reference 3269:Punctuation and footnotes 3042:Knowledge (XXG):Footnote3 3030:Knowledge (XXG):Footnote3 2718: 2629: 2624: 2621: 2618: 1183:pair, the combination of 810:: Many to one connection 81:before implementing them. 73:subpages, or in your own 60:This template is used on 3221:Citation Style Vancouver 2879: 2365: 2201:Text of note for ref f. 2180:Text of note for ref e. 2155:Text of note for ref d. 2126:Text of note for ref c. 2097:Text of note for ref b. 2072:Text of note for ref a. 1868: 1676: 1612:Some other footnote text 1536: 1421: 1352:Some important comment! 1267: 957: 823: 640: 468: 3449:Knowledge (XXG) Library 3118:Policies and guidelines 2307:Text of note for ref f. 2304:Text of note for ref e. 2295:Text of note for ref d. 2285:Text of note for ref c. 2275:Text of note for ref b. 2266:Text of note for ref a. 1382:Some important comment! 728:Text alpha. Text beta. 569:, the label appears in 250:The first parameter of 3532:Add categories to the 3387:Template documentation 3327:Citing Knowledge (XXG) 2808: 504:Body of the footnote. 446:Help:Markup validation 26:Template documentation 3075:Template:Ref/examples 2924:Yammer yammer yammer. 2881:Yammer yammer yammer. 701:Information on alpha 520:Body of the footnote. 3157:Scientific citations 3130:No original research 2866:Additional examples 2335:parameter for every 1855:Additional examples 1824:Deprecated parameter 1799:Capitalized footnote 1750:Capitalized footnote 1238:cannot connect to a 1222:cannot connect to a 1098:As explained above, 742:Information on alpha 722:Information on beta 3559:Footnote3 templates 3274:Shortened footnotes 2867: 1856: 1850:Additional examples 1778:lower case footnote 1664: 1594:Some footnote text 1524: 1409: 1255: 811: 745:Information on beta 628: 456: 164:This template uses 3289:Help for beginners 3241:Citation templates 3193:Referencing styles 2865: 2845:Reference Tooltips 1854: 1658: 1634:Some footnote text 1519: 1403: 1250: 805: 623: 451: 3475: 3474: 3279:Nesting footnotes 3183:Combining sources 3026: 3025: 2807: 2806: 2596: 2595: 2516:Text for note b. 2495:Text for note a. 2471:intervening text 2324: 2323: 2044:intervening text 1816: 1815: 1648: 1647: 1622:Some other text. 1487: 1486: 1388: 1387: 1361:Some other text. 1089: 1088: 751: 750: 526: 525: 181: 180: 152: 151: 85: 84: 3571: 3564:Inline templates 3529: 3518: 3502: 3489:Template:Ref/doc 3434: 3428: 3423: 3417: 3412: 3406: 3401: 3395: 3343:Cite link labels 3256:Inline citations 3246:Reflist template 3216:Citation Style 2 3211:Citation Style 1 3140:Reliable sources 3104: 3097: 3090: 3081: 3071: 3065: 3019: 3003: 3000: 2975: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2958:==Bibliography== 2955: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2868: 2834: 2825: 2816: 2610: 2590: 2580:Text for note b. 2579: 2570:Text for note a. 2569: 2558:intervening text 2540: 2536: 2532: 2529:reference_name_C 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2508:reference_name_B 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2487:reference_name_A 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2470: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2456:reference_name_C 2455: 2452: 2449: 2445: 2442: 2438: 2435:reference_name_B 2434: 2431: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2413:reference_name_C 2412: 2409: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2395:reference_name_B 2394: 2391: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2377:reference_name_A 2376: 2373: 2370: 2354: 2346: 2345: 2340: 2339: 2318: 2317: 2303: 2294: 2284: 2274: 2265: 2255:intervening text 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2228:reference_name_H 2227: 2224: 2221: 2217: 2214:reference_name_G 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2193:reference_name_F 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2168:reference_name_E 2167: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2139:reference_name_D 2138: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2110:reference_name_C 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2085:reference_name_B 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2060:reference_name_A 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2026:reference_name_H 2025: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2008:reference name_F 2007: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1986:reference name_E 1985: 1982: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1964:reference name_D 1963: 1960: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1942:reference_name_C 1941: 1938: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1920:reference_name_B 1919: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1902:reference_name_G 1901: 1898: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1880:reference_name_A 1879: 1876: 1873: 1857: 1841: 1840: 1831: 1830: 1810: 1800: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1665: 1642: 1633: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1556:Some other text. 1555: 1551: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1525: 1507: 1506: 1501: 1500: 1480: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1410: 1399: 1398: 1390:This parameter ( 1381: 1375: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1291:Some other text. 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1256: 1243: 1242: 1233: 1232: 1227: 1226: 1217: 1216: 1203: 1202: 1182: 1181: 1176: 1175: 1166: 1165: 1160: 1159: 1147: 1146: 1141: 1140: 1119: 1118: 1113: 1112: 1103: 1102: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1019: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1001: 998: 994: 990: 986: 983: 980: 976: 972: 968: 965: 962: 949: 945: 941: 919: 915: 912: 909: 905: 902: 899: 895: 892: 889: 885: 882: 878: 874: 870: 867: 864: 860: 856: 852: 849: 846: 842: 838: 834: 831: 828: 812: 801: 800: 795: 794: 781: 780: 773: 772: 764: 763: 758: 757: 741: 721: 717: 713: 710: 707: 704: 700: 696: 692: 689: 686: 683: 680: 677: 673: 669: 666: 663: 659: 655: 651: 648: 645: 629: 618: 617: 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The 220: 214: 210: 204: 200: 194: 190: 184: 177: 143: 137: 133: 127: 123: 117: 113: 107: 99: 53: 47: 28: 22: 20: 12: 11: 5: 3577: 3575: 3567: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3546: 3545: 3473: 3472: 3470: 3469: 3463: 3461: 3455: 3454: 3452: 3451: 3445: 3443: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3435: 3424: 3413: 3402: 3390: 3388: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3348:Citation tools 3345: 3339: 3337: 3333: 3332: 3330: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3297:Reference-tags 3293: 3291: 3285: 3284: 3282: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3260: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3207: 3205: 3203:Citing sources 3199: 3198: 3196: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3169: 3167: 3166:General advice 3163: 3162: 3160: 3159: 3154: 3152:Citing sources 3149: 3148: 3147: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3121: 3119: 3115: 3114: 3109: 3107: 3106: 3099: 3092: 3084: 3078: 3077: 3072: 3061: 3055: 3050: 3048:Help:Footnotes 3045: 3037: 3034: 3024: 3023: 3022: 3021: 3011: 3005: 3004: 2991: 2990: 2987: 2979: 2945:==References== 2880: 2876: 2875: 2872: 2840: 2837: 2836: 2835: 2826: 2817: 2805: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2781: 2777: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2753: 2749: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2716: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2692: 2688: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2664: 2660: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2636: 2632: 2631: 2627: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2593: 2592: 2591: 2581: 2571: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2553:Bulleted text. 2551: 2543: 2366: 2362: 2361: 2358: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2320: 2319: 2308: 2305: 2296: 2286: 2276: 2267: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2246: 1869: 1865: 1864: 1861: 1851: 1848: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1813: 1812: 1811: 1801: 1791: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1677: 1673: 1672: 1669: 1653:Help:Wikilinks 1646: 1645: 1644: 1643: 1635: 1624: 1618: 1537: 1533: 1532: 1529: 1493: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1483: 1482: 1468: 1465:Footnote text 1422: 1418: 1417: 1414: 1408:set to "none" 1386: 1385: 1384: 1383: 1355: 1268: 1264: 1263: 1260: 1228:. Likewise, a 1210: 1209: 1192: 1149: 1095: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1085: 1084: 1078: 1069: 958: 954: 953: 952: 951: 932: 923: 824: 820: 819: 816: 788: 787: 775: 749: 748: 747: 746: 743: 730: 725: 641: 637: 636: 633: 621: 620: 611: 580: 532: 527: 524: 523: 522: 521: 510: 507: 469: 465: 464: 461: 408:Every pair of 387: 382: 378: 377: 350: 327: 304: 280: 277: 179: 178: 176: 175: 169: 166:TemplateStyles 162: 150: 149: 146:Help:Footnotes 95: 83: 82: 57: 19: 18: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3576: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3551: 3549: 3539: 3535: 3527: 3522: 3516: 3512: 3507: 3500: 3496: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3481:documentation 3468: 3465: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3456: 3450: 3447: 3446: 3444: 3440: 3431: 3425: 3420: 3414: 3409: 3403: 3398: 3392: 3391: 3389: 3385: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3358:Cite messages 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3338: 3336:Advanced help 3334: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3286: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3253: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3200: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3164: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3146: 3143: 3142: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3125:Verifiability 3123: 3122: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3105: 3100: 3098: 3093: 3091: 3086: 3085: 3082: 3076: 3073: 3068: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3040: 3039: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3018: 3015: 3014: 3010: 2999: 2997: 2993: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2878: 2877: 2873: 2870: 2869: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2857:Ref converter 2854: 2850: 2846: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2813: 2809: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2778: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2750: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2722: 2717: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2689: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2628: 2615: 2612: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2598: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2578: 2577: 2572: 2568: 2567: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550:Bulleted text 2549: 2548: 2547: 2544: 2446:Bulleted text 2425:Bulleted text 2364: 2363: 2359: 2356: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2334: 2326: 2315: 2314: 2309: 2306: 2302: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2291: 2287: 2282: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2263: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2251: 2250: 2247: 1867: 1866: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1849: 1847: 1845: 1833: 1825: 1818: 1809:case footnote 1808: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1797: 1793: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1786: 1785: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1667: 1666: 1662: 1656: 1654: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1535: 1534: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1492: 1489: 1481:Footnote text 1479: 1478: 1474: 1473: 1472: 1469: 1420: 1419: 1415: 1412: 1411: 1407: 1401: 1393: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1373: 1368: 1367: 1366: 1362: 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