552:
thence along the extreme height of the said mountain, to the place where
Watauga River breaks through it; thence a direct course to the top of the Yellow Mountain, where Bright's road crosses the same; thence along the ridge of said mountain, between the waters of Doe river and the waters of Rock Creek, to the place where the road crosses the Iron Mountain; from thence along the extreme height of said mountain, to the place where Nolichucky River runs through the same; thence to the top of the Bald Mountain; thence along the extreme height of said mountain to the Painted Rock on French Broad river; thence along the highest ridge of said mountain, to the place where it is called the Great Iron or Smoky Mountain; thence along the extreme height of said mountain to the place where it is called Unicoi or Unaka Mountain, between the Indian towns of Cowee and Old Chota; thence along the main ridge of the said mountain to the southern boundary of this state, as described in the act of cession of North Carolina to the United States of America and that all the territory, lands and waters lying west of said line, as before mentioned, and contained within the chartered limits of the state of North Carolina are within the boundaries and limits of this state, over which the people have the right to exercise sovereignty and the right of soil, so far as is consistent with the Constitution of the United States, recognizing the Articles of Confederation, the Bill of Rights and Constitution of North Carolina, the cession act of the said state, and the ordinance of Congress for the government of the territory north west of Ohio; provided, nothing herein contained shall extend to affect the claim or claims of individuals to any part of the soil, which is recognized to them by the aforesaid cession act; And provided also, that the limits and jurisdiction of this state shall extend to any other land and territory now acquired, or that may hereafter be acquired, by compact or agreement with other states, or otherwise, although such land and territory are not included within the boundaries herein before designated.
1404:(TML), would have eliminated a constitutional provision that set $ 50 (a large sum in 1870 when the provision was enacted) as the maximum allowable fine for violation of a municipal ordinance. Instead, it would have allowed the legislature to set limits on the fines that municipalities could enact. However, after putting much effort into getting the legislature to put this amendment onto the ballot, the TML put little effort into winning voter approval, and the proposal was largely overlooked during the public debate over the high-profile lottery amendment. Many voters were unaware of the proposal until they were confronted with it on the ballot and so may have turned it down for that reason. It became the first amendment put forward by the General Assembly to be defeated at the polls; it was, other than the proposed 1978 judicial amendment, the only one ever defeated.
1301:
office elected by statewide popular vote rather than retaining selection by the
Supreme Court, and it would have also eliminated the requirement for the Supreme Court to meet in Knoxville and Jackson, where a new and elaborate building for it had just been completed. Another important provision of the proposed amendment was to repeal the 1870 Constitution's requirement that all judges "shall be elected" in favor of a provision stating that "Justices of the Supreme Court and judges of the Court of Appeals shall be appointed by the Governor from three nominees recommended... by the Appellate Court Nominating Commission.... The name of each justice and judge seeking retention shall be submitted to the qualified voters for retention or rejection... at the expiration of each six year term."
577:
right to be present at all proceedings where the defendant has the right to be present. (d) The right to be heard, when relevant, at all critical stages of the criminal justice process as defined by the
General Assembly. (e) The right to be informed of all proceedings and of the release, transfer, or escape of the accused or convicted person. (f) The right to a speedy trial or disposition and a prompt and final conclusion of the case after the conviction or sentence. (g) The right to restitution from the offender. (h) The right to be informed of each of the rights established for victims. The General Assembly has the authority to enact substantive and procedural laws to define, implement, preserve, and protect the rights guaranteed to victims by this section.
1128:
calls for disqualification or removal from office, but judgement can only be removal of office and disqualification to hold any office after impeachment. The party must be prosecuted to the full extent of the law, and the
Legislature has the power to remove penalties imposed on anyone disqualified from filling office by impeachment (Section 4). Justices of the peace, and other civil officers are also liable for indictments in such courts as the Legislature may direct, and if convicted of impeachment they must be removed from office by said court, and will be subject to other punishment as asserted by law (Section 5).
1123:
in the Senate, and all senators must be sworn under oath. The chief justice of the
Supreme Court presides overall all trials of impeachment unless he is on trial, then the senior associate judge will rule over the court. The office holder can not be convicted without a two-thirds or majority rule from the Senate (Section 2). The House of Representatives must choose three members to prosecute impeachments. Impeachments can not be tried until the Legislature has adjourned
229:
474:
every citizen may freely speak, write, and print on any subject, being responsible for the abuse of that liberty. But in prosecutions for the publication of papers investigating the official conduct of officers, or men in public capacity, the truth thereof may be given in evidence; and in all indictments for libel, the jury shall have a right to determine the law and the facts, under the direction of the court, as in other criminal cases.
1172:. The question must state whether the convention is limited (to make amendments to the existing constitution) or unlimited (to propose an entirely new constitution). If the convention is limited, the question must state the provisions of the current constitution that are to be subject to amendment, and the subsequent convention, if approved, is limited to considering only the amendments to the provisions that are specified in the call.
2835:
51:
165:
715:, state citizens for three years, and county citizens for at least one year before election day (Section 9). Senatorial requirements are different only in that senators must be at least 30 years old. Also, no one from either house may be appointed to any office by the executive or legislative branches unless it is as a "trustee of a literary institution" (Section 10).
1203:
it as "Amendment I," "Amendment II," etc. Thus, someone reading the text of the state constitution can, absent a strong historical background, sometimes be confused as to the provisions that are those of the original document and the ones that are the result of later amendment, but some amendments declare themselves to be such within the text of their provisions.
1222:
thus the budget cycle was altered from biennial to annual, but the
General Assembly is still limited to a total of fifteen organizational days and ninety legislative days every two year. Sessions extending that time and special sessions extending beyond twenty legislative days result in the legislature being unable to continue to receive its expense
1005:(That provision nonetheless incited a spate of new counties; ten were established in the next decade, but none have been since, and one of those established was subsequently abolished, and the provisions are such that would make the establishment of any further counties beyond those extremely difficult and unlikely.)
651:: legislative, executive, and judicial. It is explicit that: No person or persons belonging to one of these departments shall exercise any of the powers properly belonging to either of the others, something considered implicit in the federal constitution or inferred by its interpreters (Sections 1 and 2).
1434:
In 2010, 90% of voters approved the following: "The citizens of this state shall have the personal right to hunt and fish, subject to reasonable regulations and restrictions prescribed by law. The recognition of this right does not abrogate any private or public property rights, nor does it limit the
1284:
and cattle ranger. (The provision for rangers was routinely widely ignored; but not the one mandating constables.) The provision limiting sheriffs to three consecutive two-year terms was replaced with one allowing sheriffs an unlimited number of consecutive four-year terms. That provision was called
1206:
That does prevent a reader of the current constitution from being confused by encountering obsolete provisions that have since been changed and not reading on to the end of the document to establish that fact, which is sometimes done to the federal constitution by those wishing to obscure its current
1198:
The convention also established precedents that later proved useful. Since no one who served in the 1870 convention, which wrote the constitution, was still alive, many administrative measures had to be decided, such as what rules the convention would function under temporarily until it was organized
1122:
Article V of the
Tennessee Constitution states that only the House of Representatives has the power to impeach (Section 1). Impeachment is when an office holder's actions are called into question, so therefore, they face the chances of being removed from office. The process of impeachment it is tried
473:
That the printing press shall be free to every person to examine the proceedings of the
Legislature; or of any branch or officer of the government, and no law shall ever be made to restrain the right thereof. The free communication of thoughts and opinions, is one of the invaluable rights of man, and
447:
That all prisoners shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, unless for capital offenses, when the proof is evident, or the presumption is great. And the privilege of the writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended unless when in case of rebellion or invasion, the
General Assembly shall declare that
354:
That all power is inherent in the people, and all free governments are founded on their authority, and instituted for their peace, safety, and happiness; for the advancement of those ends they have at all times, an unalienable and indefeasible right to alter, reform, or abolish the government in such
285:
should be called to amend or replace the 1835 constitution and to elect delegates to that convention if the voters determined that it was to be held. The voters decided for the convention, which began on
January 10, 1870. The convention adjourned on February 23, 1870, after adopting the constitution
1411:
specifies that only marriages between a man and a woman can be legally recognized in the state of Tennessee. The amendment was approved by 81% of Tennesseans participating in the vote, which was 30.91% of eligible voters that year. A second amendment, authorizing the legislature to enact legislation
1313:
on wages. It has been suggested by several observers that one reason against the General Assembly requesting future conventions is that they do not desire to create potential new rivals for themselves; as the members themselves cannot be delegates to the convention, in calling for a convention, they
1300:
derided the convention as having gone out of control, but the primary public reaction was one of apathy. The primary controversy within the convention once it began its actual work, as opposed to its early difficulties, was over a judicial amendment that would have made the state attorney general an
1202:
Also, the constitution was decided to be compiled in a manner similar to statutory law, unlike the federal constitution. Thus, that amendments actually replace the language that they alter in the document, and future publications would have amendments integrated into the text rather than appended to
1001:
Other provisions included are the procedure for the establishment of new counties and the recognition of three counties previously established by the legislature, in contravention of provisions of the previous constitution. New counties would carry a pro-rata share of the indebtedness of the county
924:
Alternatively, judges and state attorneys may be impeached by a simple majority vote of a quorum of the General Assembly for crimes or misconduct committed solely in their official capacity. Then, the lower house appoints three members to prosecute the impeached, and the senate, presided over by the
920:
of the constitutionally authorized membership in both houses, with each vote for and against being recorded along with the individual reason for his decision. Removal will lie for either official or personal misconduct. The judge or attorney subject to removal must be notified ten days before such a
583:
Nothing in this Constitution secures or protects a right to abortion or requires the funding of an abortion. The people retain the right through their elected state representatives and state senators to enact, amend, or repeal statutes regarding abortion, including, but not limited to, circumstances
1304:
The voters, in a special election held March 7, 1978, solely to ratify the amendments proposed by the convention, voted to remove the archaic provisions and the usury cap and to accept the changes regarding the governor's terms and metropolitan government, but they narrowly turned down the judicial
1253:
but primarily at the behest of banking interests to remove the 10% cap on interest, which was becoming very problematic in the economic environment of the time. (It had long been circumvented by smaller lenders such as finance companies with tactics such as administration fees, service charges, and
1221:
The amendments also allowed legislators to receive a salary besides expense money and extended the terms of state senators from two years to four, but only half of its membership is elected every two years. Another important change was that the frequency of scheduled sessions of the legislature and
1152:
The amendment must then be published at least six months before the next legislative election, but it is not then placed on the ballot. Instead, once the legislative election is held, the proposed amendment must go another three readings, a three-day voting process. Then, the amendment now requires
725:
The legislative provisions include the requirement that no bill may be broader than its caption, and it may have only one subject (Section 17). Tennessee courts have interpreted that to mean that no bill can contain non-germane material, and no caption can include the words "and for other purposes"
551:
That the limits and boundaries of this state be ascertained, it is declared they are as hereafter mentioned, that is to say: Beginning on the extreme height of the Stone Mountain, at the place where the line of Virginia intersects it, in latitude thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north; running
1012:
was required in all others. A county line adjustment between two counties was made between two existing counties, and special provisions made for counties whose formation was already planned at the time as well as for settling definitively the status of others that had already been created without
576:
To preserve and protect the rights of victims of crime to justice and due process, victims shall be entitled to the following basic rights: (a) The right to confer with the prosecution. (b) The right to be free from intimidation, harassment and abuse throughout the criminal justice system. (c) The
512:
That no citizen of this state, except such as are employed in the army of the United States, or militia in actual service, shall be subjected to punishment under the martial or military law. That martial law, in the sense of the unrestricted power of military officers, or others, to dispose of the
460:
That all courts shall be open; and every man, for an injury done him in his lands, goods, person or reputation, shall have remedy by due course of law, and right and justice administered without sale, denial, or delay. Suits may be brought against the state in such manner and in such courts as the
408:
That in all criminal prosecutions, the accused hath the right to be heard by himself and his counsel; to demand the nature and cause of the accusation against him, and to have a copy thereof, to meet the witnesses face to face, to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor and in
394:
That the people shall be secure in their persons, houses, papers and possessions, from unreasonable searches and seizures; and that general warrants, whereby an officer may be commanded to search suspected places, without evidence of the fact committed, or to seize any person or persons not named,
367:
That all men have a natural and indefeasible right to worship Almighty God according to the dictates of their own conscience; that no man can of right be compelled to attend, erect, or support any place of worship or to maintain any minister against his consent; that no human authority can, in any
1127:
then the Senate can try the impeachment (Section 3). The governor, Supreme Court Judges, inferior court judges, chancellors, attorneys of the state, treasurer, comptroller, and secretary of state are all liable to impeachment if the House of Representative believe they have committed a crime that
1438:
In 2014, voters approved this amendment: "Nothing in this Constitution secures or protects a right to abortion or requires the funding of an abortion. The people retain the right through their elected state representatives and state senators to enact, amend, or repeal statues regarding abortion,
1257:
This convention proved to be very long and contentious and even lasted nearly twice as long as the original one that wrote the 1870 constitution. There were major fights over the adoption of the permanent rules and over who would be the permanent chair. Although that seemed to bode ill, once the
324:
is much longer than its counterpart in the federal Constitution. Much of that length is devoted to justifying the authority behind the new constitution: that the new constitution was created under the authority of the constitution of 1835, which was itself created under the authority of the 1796
1191:
The record length of time for going unamended ended in 1953. In 1952, the legislature called for a convention, and the voters approved it. Voters then approved the recommended amendments. The most noticeable change in the 1953 amendments was a lengthening of the governor's term from two to four
505:
That sure and certain defense of a free people is a well regulated militia; and, as standing armies in time of peace are dangerous to freedom, they ought to be avoided as far as the circumstances and safety of the community will admit; and that in all cases, the military shall be kept in strict
696:
The lower house is fixed at 99 members, which are to be divided up among counties; if one county has more than one representative (which is guaranteed to happen, as there are 95 counties), the affected counties shall be divided up into districts, causing all representatives to be elected from
747:
was required, with the unusually stringent provision of a three-quarters majority, but that was to be delayed for ten years in 26 named counties, where the requirement would be a simple majority until then. The period between May 6, 1861 and January 1, 1867 was not to be counted against any
381:
The elections shall be free and equal, and the right of suffrage, as hereinafter declared, shall never be denied to any person entitled thereto, except upon a conviction by a jury of some infamous crime, previously ascertained and declared by law, and judgment thereon by court of competent
180:
The original constitution of Tennessee came into effect on June 1, 1796, concurrent with the state's admission to the Union. A second version of the constitution was adopted in 1835. A third constitution was adopted in 1870 and is the one still in use today, with subsequent amendments. The
1308:
No further conventions have been held since 1977, but they have been frequently proposed, in part because of the recent spate of state fiscal crises. Some have proposed conventions to determine conclusively whether or not the Tennessee Constitution allows a general, broad-based
428:
That no conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate. The estate of such persons as shall destroy their own lives shall descend or vest as in case of natural death. If any person is killed by casualty, there shall be no forfeiture in consequence thereof.
498:
That the citizens have a right, in a peaceable manner, to assemble together for their common good, to instruct their representatives, and to apply to those invested with the powers of government for redress of grievances or other proper purposes, by address or remonstrance.
700:
The upper house is to be set up in the same manner, but its size is variable, up to a third of the size of the lower house, which was fixed at 99, as noted above. In practice, the Tennessee Senate always had 33 members, the maximum allowed (Section 6 and subsection).
401:
That no man shall be taken or imprisoned, or disseized of his freehold, liberties or privileges, or outlawed, or exiled, or in any manner destroyed or deprived of his life, liberty, or property, but by the judgment of his peers, or the law of the land.
989:
for state offices were moved to make them simultaneous with federal elections (November in even-numbered years), with elections for county and judicial offices to be held in August of even-numbered years; that later became the traditional date for
248:, which was rejected by the convention delegates. The constitution adopted increased opportunities for citizens to engage in the political process, but it limited suffrage to white males. Similarly to other southern states, such as Virginia, it
1144:
Under the legislative method, which is a very lengthy process, the General Assembly must pass a resolution, calling for an amendment and stating its wording, and it must do so in three separate readings on three separate days, with an
1581:
1055:
The state's militia is governed by Article VIII, which specifies that all officers are to be elected by those subject to service within their groupings and as the legislature directs (Section 1) but that the governor will appoint his
538:
That an equal participation in the free navigation of the Mississippi is one of the inherent rights of the citizens of this state; it can not, therefore, be conceded to any prince, potentate, power, person, or persons whatever.
421:
That laws made for the punishment of acts committed previous to the existence of such laws, and by them only declared criminal, are contrary to the principles of a free government; wherefore no ex post facto law shall be made.
1160:, coinciding with the next gubernatorial election. For the amendment to pass, the number of "yes" votes must both be greater than "no" votes and must equal "a majority of all the citizens of the state voting for governor."
1314:
are creating a potential new set of politicians campaigning in their same districts and addressing some of the same issues. That occurred to an extent after the 1977 convention, which launched the career, among others, of
687:; however the General Assembly can always use other, non-population factors to apportion one house (the Senate) unless the US Constitution is currently authoritatively interpreted to forbid that, as it currently is under
1487:
1248:
The 1977 convention was the broadest call since the original writing of the constitution, in 1870. It was called in part to remove long-unenforceable provisions such as those banning interracial marriage and school
212:
The 1796 constitution also did not create a state supreme court, providing only for "such superior and inferior courts" as the legislature should create, with judges elected by the legislature for indefinite terms.
374:
That no political or religious test, other than an oath to support the Constitution of the United States and of this state, shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under this state.
1261:
A major change was the proposal that the governor could now succeed himself once. A two-term governor was also not barred from any future service in that office in the way that a two-term US President is by the
409:
prosecutions by indictment or presentment, a speedy public trial, by an impartial jury of the county in which the crime shall have been committed and shall not be compelled to give evidence against himself.
519:
That the citizens of this state have a right to keep and to bear arms for their common defense; but the Legislature shall have power, by law, to regulate the wearing of arms with a view to prevent crime.
1439:
including, but not limited to, circumstances of pregnancy resulting from rape or incest or when necessary to save the life of the mother." This amendment overturns a 2000 Tennessee Supreme Court ruling,
1366:
victims and their families, to explain to them how purported offenses involving them were to be prosecuted, and to notify them when persons who had committed crimes against them were being scheduled for
2304:
236:
The second Tennessee State Constitution, adopted in 1835, resulted from a state constitutional convention that convened in Nashville on May 19, 1834, with 60 delegates in attendance. William Carter, of
1355:
Beginning in the 1990s, amendments were placed on the ballot without a convention being held, using, for the first time, the provisions that allow the General Assembly to propose amendments directly.
361:
That government being instituted for the common benefit, the doctrine of nonresistance against arbitrary power and oppression is absurd, slavish, and destructive of the good and happiness of mankind.
301:. It contains many provisions that are verbatim holdovers from the two predecessor documents. It is considerably longer than the federal constitution but is not particularly long by the standards of
2871:
1293:, who was otherwise about to be term-limited out of office but achieved re-election under the provisions of the amendment. Eventually, Thomas served federal time for corruption-related offenses.
486:
That no man's particular services shall be demanded, or property taken, or applied to public use, without the consent of his representatives, or without just compensation being made, therefore.
1192:
years, but no governor could succeed himself anymore. (Until it was subsequently amended again, in 1978, the provision was to establish what critics derisively called "leapfrog government.")
1263:
1696:
1085:
may not perform any office in the government, but Section 4 of Article I, banning any religious test for any "office of public trust", would make this impossible to enforce (Section 2).
1375:. Both of these amendments passed by overwhelming margins in an election marked by a very light turnout. The amendments represented the first changes to the constitution in 20 years.
198:
Tennessee held a convention in 1796 to frame their first constitution. The original Tennessee state constitution was not submitted to the voters for approval, but it was approved by
1105:
596:
1431:. The TWRA was concerned that the proposal would prevent it from continuing its regulation of hunting and fishing methods as well as efforts to manage fish and game populations.
1305:
amendment, marking the first time that an amendment put to the voters by a convention had been defeated. Of the 13 proposed amendments, only that one was rejected by the voters.
2264:
513:
persons, liberties, or property of the citizen, is inconsistent with the principles of free government, and is not confided to any department of the government of this state.
1465:
amendment that was passed in 2022. The amendment added language to the constitution to make it illegal, along as a constitutional right, for workplaces to require mandatory
1008:
Some current agendas of the era were reflected, as there were provisions allowing county seats to be moved in two counties with only a majority vote of the populace, but a
733:
Also banned were some business practices that had previously gotten the state into trouble, such as allowing municipalities to lend money to railroads for them to pay off
368:
case whatever, control or interfere with the rights of conscience; and that no preference shall ever be given, by law, to any religious establishment or mode of worship.
3217:
1101:
1002:
or counties from which they were being formed, preventing the formation of new counties as a way of areas getting out from under debt that they had previously incurred.
772:, but a majority of all members in each house may override the veto, which is the same vote required to enact the bill initially. The governor is the head of the state
3191:
2864:
1214:
Further amendments to the state constitution were proposed and then adopted at conventions, held in 1959 and 1965. Among the most notable are for the establishment of
2014:
564:
That slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, are forever prohibited in this state.
1988:
1520:
1169:
282:
3181:
615:
Citizens are granted "an unalienable and indefeasible right to alter, reform, or abolish the government in such manner as they may think proper" (Section 1).
944:
The constitution has several provisions that are unusual for a state constitution. It mandates only three constitutional officers other than governor: the
526:
That no soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, but in a manner prescribed by law.
2857:
1423:, and harvest game "subject to reasonable rules and regulations," but the State Senate did not act on the measure during the 2007 legislative session. The
266:, with three judges, with one judge from each grand division of the state. Judges were required to be at least 35 years old and would serve 12-year terms.
2327:
1758:
599:
and forbid the legislature from making any "law recognizing the right of property in man." Some construe the latter provision as prohibiting any form of
209:, insufficient authority, and investing too much authority in the legislature a part-time body. That was cited as a primary reason for its replacement.
737:
on which they had previously defaulted (Section 33) and the election or appointment of people who were still responsible for public money (Section 25).
2259:
1998:
1344:
249:
2062:
1939:
2332:
2231:
1408:
1250:
1195:
Another provision allowed for the consolidation of a county government with the government of a county's main city, in the four largest counties.
388:
That the right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate, and no religious or political test shall ever be required as a qualification for jurors.
2249:
1693:
1591:
1497:
202:, in conjunction with the resolution admitting Tennessee as a state. It went into effect on June 1, 1796, when Tennessee entered the Union.
2939:
2254:
1734:
1567:
776:, but he may not exercise that power unless the General Assembly authorizes him to do so when "the public safety requires it" (Section 5).
182:
1280:
Minor other changes included the elimination of the necessity of each county having the archaic (at least for urban counties) offices of
1211:
but is still in the text of the early part of the document. The amendment changes that are not encountered until much later in the text.
2880:
2168:
2057:
1934:
1823:
1424:
1285:
by some wags the "Fate Thomas Amendment", as it seemed to have been passed largely at the behest at the then hugely popular sheriff and
976:
1371:
or release, among other provisions. The other amendment removed the word "comfortable" from the requirements for minimum standards for
932:
Judges are also barred from hearing cases of impeachment. Criminal charges after removal from office would result only from a separate
1535:
1416:
1097:
1040:
975:, elected from among its membership, a provision now found in the constitutions of only a few other states; most now have a full-time
677:
302:
1559:
1207:
provisions, such as those who assert that the document considers slaves as three-fifths of a person, which has not applied since the
1079:
of any religion may not sit as legislators because they "ought not be diverted from the great duties of their functions" (Section 1).
1466:
961:
902:) (Section 2). The courts were elected by the people for eight years at a time (Sections 3 and 4), but that has been changed to the
82:
3163:
3155:
1968:
1924:
1332:
1277:". Only three counties have done so: Nashville and Davidson County; Hartsville and Trousdale County; Lynchburg and Moore County.
980:
704:
The first election to the Legislature was to take place on the second Tuesday of November 1870 and then every two years, on the
2052:
1993:
1929:
929:
of the number of senators "sworn to try the impeachment," which may be less than a "constitutional" supermajority (Article V).
588:
Sections 16 and 27 are among those directly copied from the federal Constitution. Section 8 closely follows the wording of the
3171:
3089:
3054:
1961:
1914:
395:
whose offences are not particularly described and supported by evidence, are dangerous to liberty, and ought not be granted.
1629:
558:
That the erection of safe prisons, the inspection of prisons, and the humane treatment of prisoners, shall be provided for.
3212:
3129:
3034:
2994:
2342:
2314:
2244:
2239:
2148:
1983:
1909:
1435:
state's power to regulate commercial activity. Traditional manners and means may be used to take non-threatened species."
1412:
allowing counties and municipalities to exempt people over 65 from property tax increases, was approved by 83% of voters.
910:
294:
1737:
1712:
1378:
In 2002, the legislature again proposed two amendments. The first proposal passed, repealing a constitutional ban on all
595:
The article's provisions regarding slavery are also significant, as they both prohibit slavery in the same manner as the
3094:
3084:
3079:
3059:
2815:
2795:
2730:
2720:
2660:
2590:
2435:
2322:
2279:
2074:
1359:
952:, who are elected by the General Assembly, not the voters as is far more common. Tennessee is the only state other than
945:
705:
245:
532:
That no citizen of this state be compelled to bear arms, provided he will pay an equivalent, to be ascertained by law.
3186:
3009:
2924:
2785:
2770:
2715:
2570:
2560:
2540:
2410:
2284:
2269:
1874:
1340:
1258:
convention got on track, it accomplished what many legal scholars see as being a record of largely solid achievement.
887:
697:
single-member constituencies. A county may not be split into separate counties to do that (Section 5 and subsection).
454:
That excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
34:
defines the form, structure, activities, character, and fundamental rules (and means for changing them) of the U.S.
168:
3124:
3044:
3039:
2914:
2755:
2630:
2595:
2520:
2510:
2490:
2475:
2470:
2440:
2430:
2400:
2380:
2350:
2133:
1973:
1667:
1458:
1428:
1401:
1290:
1229:
The poll tax provisions, already rendered moot, were removed. The 1971 convention, dominated by longtime Tennessee
1109:
1092:
may not hold any "honor or profit" under the state's government and is liable to be punished otherwise (Section 3).
925:
Chief Justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court, convenes to try the impeached. Conviction requires only a two-thirds
278:
127:
1096:
The restrictions on ministers and atheists have been deemed to be unenforceable due to the interpretations of the
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For a municipality to issue bonds or borrow money on behalf of a private business or individual, the passage of a
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As well, a ban on income tax being levied against earned income (as opposed to interest and dividends, which are
256:
1454:
explicitly constitutional; and allowing veterans organizations to host gambling fundraisers all passed in 2014.
1060:, who, in turn, appoints their staff officers (Section 2). The legislature is also directed to exempt religious
309:, was the longest period that any such document had remained in effect without amendment anywhere in the world.
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The proposed amendments (or new constitution) must then be placed on the ballot and receive a simple majority.
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281:, on November 15, 1869, called for an election to be held in December 1869 for two purposes: to determine if a
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1978:
1816:
1013:
strict adherence to the provisions for the creation of new counties contained in the previous constitution.
860:
269:
The constitution was ratified by voters in March 1835, receiving 42,666 votes for it and 17,691 against it.
1393:, a known lottery opponent, who was in no way averse to other forms of gambling, especially that regarding
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3074:
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1951:
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That no person shall be put to answer any criminal charge but by presentment, indictment, or impeachment.
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341:, but the provisions describing them are generally much lengthier. The provisions in this article state:
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2158:
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1956:
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That no hereditary emoluments, privileges, or honors, shall ever be granted or conferred in this state.
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139:
1776:
1382:. The ban had been a carryover from the 1835 document and was widely regarded as a tribute not only to
1218:
by counties that chose to adopt a charter so they can function in many ways similar to municipalities.
764:
Article III allows the governor to serve a two-year term, which was superseded by 1953 amendments. The
492:
That perpetuities and monopolies are contrary to the genius of a free state, and shall not be allowed.
3176:
3109:
3064:
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2186:
2176:
2113:
2108:
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1889:
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1846:
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Under the convention method, the legislature can put on any ballot the question of whether to call a
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1017:
879:
875:
868:
719:
648:
134:
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1136:
Article XI, Section 3 of the Tennessee State Constitution gives two methods to amend the document:
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2181:
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2019:
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1039:. All four provisions have been either subsequently formally removed or otherwise invalidated by
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883:
753:
661:
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35:
1427:(TWRA) had raised objections to an earlier version of the measure, which had the backing of the
618:
779:
There are twenty-two departments that operate under the executive branch; the departments are:
220:
described Tennessee's as the "least imperfect and most republican of the state constitutions."
1879:
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1379:
1146:
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338:
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men, who had had the right to vote under the 1796 constitution. That followed fears raised by
112:
56:
752:, as civil government in much of the state had broken down during that period because of the
584:
of pregnancy resulting from rape or incest or when necessary to save the life of the mother.
205:
The first constitution was widely criticized as giving the executive, presumably a full-time
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2839:
2153:
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991:
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864:
856:
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unanimously passed a resolution calling for an amendment to establish the right to hunt,
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That no retrospective law, or law impairing the obligations of contracts, shall be made.
1407:
In 2006, two additional amendments to the Tennessee State Constitution were passed. The
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1721:
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1390:
1325:
1286:
1233:
1178:
A constitutional convention may not be held more frequently than once every six years.
903:
899:
891:
769:
734:
334:
312:
Tennessee held limited constitutional conventions in 1953, 1959, 1965, 1971, and 1977.
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1515:
998:
was elected would be the same day as the primary election for governor would be held.
994:
for the statewide offices to be held as well so that the day on which, for example, a
435:
That no person arrested and confined in jail shall be treated with unnecessary rigor.
415:
That no person shall, for the same offense, be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb.
17:
3206:
1637:
1329:
1057:
926:
917:
467:
The Legislature shall pass no law authorizing imprisonment for debt in civil cases.
2128:
1394:
1237:
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courts, and others to be "ordained and established" as deemed necessary as well as
293:
The third document was largely written as a response to the requirement for all ex-
97:
1273:
Any county and its principal city could vote to consolidate themselves into one "
570:
The General Assembly shall make no law recognizing the right of property in man.
1072:
Article IX lists three groups of people who are barred from various privileges:
949:
712:
673:
665:
624:
589:
199:
50:
634:, and the right to do so may not be sold to or barred from anyone (Section 29).
1832:
1310:
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1157:
957:
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649:
the powers of the government shall be divided into three distinct departments
252:
172:
916:
The General Assembly may remove judges and state attorneys with a two-thirds
683:
The basis for legislative representation is population, as determined by the
1836:
1281:
1215:
684:
146:
72:
1489:
The Constitutional Convention: Its History, Powers, and Modes of Proceeding
232:
The second version of the Tennessee State Constitution was adopted in 1835.
1149:
on all readings. The resolution does not require the governor's approval.
664:
of the state is given to its Legislature, named the General Assembly. The
305:. This 1870 document stood unamended until 1953, which, according to the
1383:
1029:
321:
1043:
decisions and are no longer enforced. Whether the prohibition of former
708:, and all such elections shall take place only on that day (Section 7).
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1199:
and adopted its own permanent rules and how a chair was to be elected.
1082:
1044:
995:
960:
in which the governor is the sole office holder elected statewide (the
773:
298:
216:
In spite of its shortcomings, the original document had its admirers.
1801:
1450:); a change in the judiciary selection/retention process to make the
1372:
1368:
1318:
953:
726:(unlike in Congress). The General Assembly, therefore, can pass no "
1583:
Tennessee Government and Politics: Democracy in the Volunteer State
611:
Besides the more common rights, a few other rights are enumerated:
1363:
1033:
886:. Only two of its five members may be from any one of the state's
227:
740:
Section 28 describes the General Assembly's power to levy taxes.
1089:
2853:
1805:
1735:
Bill would make hunting, fishing a protected right in Tennessee
1703:, Tennessee General Assembly website, accessed January 7, 2008.
718:
Both houses may imprison people (whether a member or not) who
1358:
In 1998, voters were asked about two amendments. One was the
1047:
from holding office is valid has apparently not been tested.
1607:
Office of the Chief Clerk of the Senate (November 4, 2014).
1542:, Tennessee's Landmark Documents, Tennessee Virtual Archive.
983:
in subsequent statutory law, but not in the constitution.)
244:
Antislavery interests petitioned the convention to abolish
1400:
The other amendment on the 2002 ballot, pushed for by the
1264:
Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution
822:
Department of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
1759:"All four of Tennessee's constitutional amendments pass"
1469:
membership for employees as a condition for employment.
1153:
approval of two-thirds of the legislature on each vote.
964:
is elected as part of a ticket alongside the governor).
828:
Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services
1397:. The amendment established the current state lottery.
27:
Basic governing document of the U.S. state of Tennessee
1236:, was limited to the establishment of a new system of
597:
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
1032:
over 10% from being charged on loans and making this
1694:
Bill information for HJR0108, 105th General Assembly
1630:"Tennessee Blue Book | Tennessee Secretary of State"
1461:, also known as the "Right-to-Work Amendment", is a
1156:
Finally, the amendment is placed on the ballot as a
3162:
3148:
2887:
2341:
2313:
2293:
2230:
2167:
2101:
2073:
2007:
1855:
1557:
The Tennessee Constitution of 1834; Historical Note
1362:, which required prosecutors to stay in touch with
157:
145:
133:
121:
111:
106:
96:
88:
78:
68:
63:
43:
913:and Reporter" for an eight-year term (Section 5).
1713:Lawmakers want amendment shielding hunting rights
286:and recommending its approval by the voters in a
1254:payment fees, with tacit legislative approval.)
795:Department of Economic and Community Development
1328:of the convention and later became a prominent
642:
343:
1657:
1655:
297:to adopt new constitutions explicitly banning
2865:
1817:
1521:Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture
825:Department of Labor and Workforce Development
8:
1609:"The Constitution of the State of Tennessee"
1511:
1509:
967:The governor's designated successor is the
2872:
2858:
2850:
1824:
1810:
1802:
1552:
1550:
1548:
874:The Tennessee Supreme Court is to meet in
837:Department of Safety and Homeland Security
801:Department of Environment and Conservation
647:Article II of the constitution reads that
49:
711:Representatives have to be 21 years old,
290:, which was conducted on March 26, 1870.
3218:State constitutions of the United States
804:Department of Finance and Administration
1580:Vile, John R.; Byrnes, Mark E. (1998).
1478:
1409:Tennessee Marriage Protection Amendment
262:The second constitution provided for a
1016:There were also provisions forbidding
506:subordination to the civil authority.
183:Tennessee's State Library and Archives
44:Constitution of the State of Tennessee
40:
32:Constitution of the State of Tennessee
241:, presided over the 1834 convention.
7:
1568:Tennessee State Library and Archives
807:Department of Financial Institutions
789:Department of Commerce and Insurance
706:first Tuesday after the first Monday
621:may not be carried out (Section 18).
2881:State constitutions (United States)
1425:Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency
909:The court then appoints the state "
1417:Tennessee House of Representatives
1339:, until 2006, when he was elected
1098:Supreme Court of the United States
1041:Supreme Court of the United States
627:may never be declared (Section 25)
25:
962:Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey
840:Department of Tourist Development
786:Department of Children's Services
355:manner as they may think proper.
83:Constitution of the United States
2833:
1681:"You've hit one of our potholes"
1486:Jameson, John Alexander (1867).
981:Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee
979:. (The office is referred to as
936:in the state's ordinary courts.
722:their proceedings (Section 14).
163:
1670:website, accessed April 3, 2018
1586:. Vanderbilt University Press.
1441:Planned Parenthood v. Sundquist
846:Department of Veterans Services
461:Legislature may by law direct.
1777:"Tennessee State Constitution"
1570:website, accessed May 30, 2011
1533:Tennessee Constitution of 1796
810:Department of General Services
1:
2149:Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians
1389:but also to the influence of
1244:1977 convention and aftermath
816:Department of Human Resources
2305:Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton
1266:for life, only from a third
843:Department of Transportation
819:Department of Human Services
1448:still subject to income tax
619:Imprisonment for civil debt
448:public safety requires it.
181:constitution is located in
3239:
2134:Mississippi Alluvial Plain
1668:Tennessee General Assembly
1459:2022 Tennessee Amendment 1
1429:National Rifle Association
1402:Tennessee Municipal League
1110:United States Constitution
333:Article I, is Tennessee's
279:Tennessee General Assembly
2829:
2265:Kingsport–Bristol–Bristol
2015:Colleges and universities
1843:
1360:Victims' Rights Amendment
1170:constitutional convention
1088:Any person involved in a
783:Department of Agriculture
630:Anyone may travel on the
283:constitutional convention
169:Constitution of Tennessee
162:
48:
3182:Northern Mariana Islands
2124:Great Appalachian Valley
1984:Tennessee National Guard
1024:schools, allowing for a
792:Department of Correction
678:House of Representatives
337:. It mimics many of the
1516:Tennessee Supreme Court
1275:metropolitan government
1062:conscientious objectors
948:, state treasurer, and
861:Tennessee Supreme Court
855:Article VI creates the
798:Department of Education
607:Less usual declarations
348:Declaration of Rights.
1663:Tennessee Constitution
1337:Tennessee State Senate
973:Tennessee State Senate
831:Department of Military
750:statute of limitations
653:
586:
257:Nat Turner's Rebellion
233:
152:Judiciary of Tennessee
18:Tennessee constitution
2139:Mississippi embayment
1106:Fourteenth Amendments
1018:interracial marriages
869:justices of the peace
834:Department of Revenue
329:Declaration of Rights
231:
140:Governor of Tennessee
3213:1870 in American law
2840:Tennessee portal
2328:Tullahoma–Manchester
2114:Cumberland Mountains
2109:Blue Ridge Mountains
1797:Text of Constitution
813:Department of Health
768:is empowered with a
639:Separation of powers
601:indentured servitude
107:Government structure
3192:U.S. Virgin Islands
1999:Tourist attractions
1969:Lieutenant Governor
1719:story published in
1341:U.S. Representative
1100:with regard to the
1010:two-thirds majority
977:lieutenant governor
320:The constitution's
307:Tennessee Blue Book
303:state constitutions
264:state supreme court
2315:Micropolitan areas
2232:Metropolitan areas
2119:Cumberland Plateau
1765:. 5 November 2014.
1763:timesfreepress.com
1746:The Mountain Press
1740:2008-01-11 at the
1715:, by Matt Gouras;
1699:2007-04-28 at the
1562:2012-01-13 at the
1538:2011-07-24 at the
1209:American Civil War
1140:Legislative method
946:secretary of state
921:vote (Section 6).
754:American Civil War
656:Legislative branch
234:
36:State of Tennessee
3200:
3199:
2847:
2846:
2297:statistical areas
1915:African Americans
1640:on March 23, 2019
1593:978-0-8265-1318-2
1499:978-0-608-41706-6
1463:right-to-work law
1351:Recent amendments
1164:Convention method
1147:absolute majority
1132:Amendment process
1068:Disqualifications
992:primary elections
987:General elections
632:Mississippi River
339:US Bill of Rights
273:1870 constitution
224:1835 constitution
194:1796 constitution
178:
177:
92:February 23, 1870
57:Seal of Tennessee
16:(Redirected from
3230:
3156:Washington, D.C.
3150:Federal district
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2867:
2860:
2851:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2154:Tennessee Valley
1974:General Assembly
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1812:
1803:
1784:
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1767:
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1717:Associated Press
1710:
1704:
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1636:. Archived from
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1577:
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1530:
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1503:
1483:
1187:First amendments
940:Other provisions
911:Attorney General
896:Middle Tennessee
766:executive branch
760:Executive branch
690:Reynolds v. Sims
288:special election
218:Thomas Jefferson
167:
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53:
41:
21:
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2144:Nashville Basin
2097:
2075:Grand Divisions
2069:
2003:
1989:Law enforcement
1851:
1839:
1830:
1793:
1788:
1787:
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1757:
1756:
1752:
1748:, May 23, 2005.
1742:Wayback Machine
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1707:
1701:Wayback Machine
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1564:Wayback Machine
1555:
1546:
1540:Wayback Machine
1531:
1527:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1492:. C. Scribner.
1485:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1353:
1291:Davidson County
1246:
1189:
1184:
1166:
1142:
1134:
1118:
1070:
1053:
956:and, arguably,
942:
888:Grand Divisions
853:
851:Judicial branch
762:
662:lawmaking power
658:
641:
609:
331:
318:
316:Main provisions
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59:
28:
23:
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15:
12:
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5:
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3172:American Samoa
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3097:
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3090:South Carolina
3087:
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3077:
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3062:
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3055:North Carolina
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2222:Hendersonville
2219:
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2173:
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2169:Largest cities
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1877:
1875:Climate change
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1791:External links
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1786:
1785:
1768:
1750:
1744:by Stan Voit,
1727:
1722:The Tennessean
1705:
1686:
1672:
1651:
1634:www.sos.tn.gov
1621:
1599:
1592:
1572:
1544:
1525:
1505:
1498:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1452:Tennessee Plan
1391:Andrew Jackson
1387:fundamentalism
1352:
1349:
1345:Ninth District
1326:vice president
1287:political boss
1245:
1242:
1234:Clifford Allen
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1165:
1162:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1130:
1116:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1080:
1069:
1066:
1058:staff officers
1052:
1049:
941:
938:
904:Tennessee Plan
900:West Tennessee
892:East Tennessee
852:
849:
848:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
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802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
770:line-item veto
761:
758:
657:
654:
640:
637:
636:
635:
628:
622:
616:
608:
605:
382:jurisdiction.
335:bill of rights
330:
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317:
314:
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195:
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131:
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115:
109:
108:
104:
103:
102:March 26, 1870
100:
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86:
85:
80:
79:Subordinate to
76:
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66:
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61:
60:
54:
46:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3235:
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3223:Tennessee law
3221:
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3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3193:
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3165:
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3157:
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3147:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3130:West Virginia
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
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3101:
3098:
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3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3035:New Hampshire
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2995:Massachusetts
2993:
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2023:
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2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1979:Supreme Court
1977:
1975:
1972:
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1415:In 2007, the
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1251:desegregation
1243:
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1240:assessments.
1239:
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1103:
1099:
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1075:
1074:
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1067:
1065:
1064:(Section 3).
1063:
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1035:
1031:
1028:, preventing
1027:
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947:
939:
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935:
934:trial of fact
930:
928:
927:supermajority
922:
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918:supermajority
914:
912:
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905:
901:
897:
893:
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881:
877:
872:
871:(Section 1).
870:
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723:
721:
716:
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709:
707:
702:
698:
694:
693:(Section 4).
692:
691:
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681:
680:(Section 3).
679:
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251:
250:disfranchised
247:
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240:
239:Carter County
230:
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210:
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193:
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62:
58:
52:
47:
42:
39:
37:
33:
19:
3187:Puerto Rico
3099:
3095:South Dakota
3085:Rhode Island
3080:Pennsylvania
3060:North Dakota
2831:
2260:Johnson City
2212:Johnson City
2202:Murfreesboro
2129:Highland Rim
2025:Demographics
1947:Constitution
1946:
1905:Homelessness
1845:
1771:
1762:
1753:
1745:
1730:
1725:May 21, 2005
1720:
1708:
1689:
1675:
1662:
1642:. Retrieved
1638:the original
1633:
1624:
1615:
1602:
1582:
1575:
1528:
1519:
1488:
1481:
1456:
1445:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1414:
1406:
1399:
1395:horse racing
1377:
1357:
1354:
1307:
1303:
1296:Some in the
1295:
1279:
1272:
1267:
1260:
1256:
1247:
1238:property tax
1228:
1223:
1220:
1213:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1177:
1174:
1167:
1155:
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1121:
1115:
1114:
1095:
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1007:
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985:
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873:
854:
778:
763:
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732:
724:
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659:
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385:
384:
378:
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371:
370:
364:
363:
358:
357:
351:
350:
345:
344:
332:
325:convention.
319:
311:
295:Confederates
292:
276:
268:
261:
243:
235:
215:
211:
204:
197:
179:
69:Jurisdiction
31:
29:
3164:Territories
3010:Mississippi
2925:Connecticut
2245:Clarksville
2240:Chattanooga
2197:Clarksville
2192:Chattanooga
1920:LGBT rights
1910:Tennesseans
1467:labor union
1330:progressive
1322:Steve Cohen
1268:consecutive
1117:Impeachment
950:comptroller
859:, with the
713:US citizens
674:lower house
666:upper house
625:Martial law
590:Magna Carta
581:Section 36.
574:Section 35.
568:Section 34.
562:Section 33.
556:Section 32.
549:Section 31.
543:Section 30.
536:Section 29.
530:Section 28.
524:Section 27.
517:Section 26.
510:Section 25.
503:Section 24.
496:Section 23.
490:Section 22.
484:Section 21.
478:Section 20.
471:Section 19.
465:Section 18.
458:Section 17.
452:Section 16.
445:Section 15.
439:Section 14.
433:Section 13.
426:Section 12.
419:Section 11.
413:Section 10.
200:US Congress
3207:Categories
3125:Washington
3045:New Mexico
3040:New Jersey
2915:California
2816:Williamson
2796:Washington
2731:Sequatchie
2721:Rutherford
2661:Montgomery
2591:Lauderdale
2436:Cumberland
2333:Union City
2323:Cookeville
2280:Morristown
2159:Tri-Cities
2053:newspapers
2040:Literature
1930:newspapers
1925:Mass media
1616:www.tn.gov
1473:References
1324:, who was
1311:income tax
1298:mass media
1231:politician
1182:Amendments
1158:referendum
1022:integrated
958:New Jersey
745:referendum
645:Section 2.
406:Section 9.
399:Section 8.
392:Section 7.
386:Section 6.
379:Section 5.
372:Section 4.
365:Section 3.
359:Section 2.
352:Section 1.
346:ARTICLE I.
253:free black
173:Wikisource
3135:Wisconsin
3100:Tennessee
3005:Minnesota
2980:Louisiana
2786:Van Buren
2771:Trousdale
2716:Robertson
2571:Jefferson
2561:Humphreys
2541:Henderson
2411:Claiborne
2285:Nashville
2270:Knoxville
2250:Cleveland
2187:Knoxville
2177:Nashville
2035:Education
1952:Elections
1895:Geography
1850:(capital)
1847:Nashville
1837:Tennessee
1644:March 24,
1384:religious
1380:lotteries
1343:from the
1282:constable
1216:home rule
1125:sine die,
1077:Ministers
880:Knoxville
876:Nashville
857:judiciary
730:" bills.
685:US Census
259:in 1831.
158:Full text
147:Judiciary
135:Executive
128:Bicameral
73:Tennessee
3120:Virginia
3070:Oklahoma
3050:New York
3025:Nebraska
3015:Missouri
3000:Michigan
2990:Maryland
2975:Kentucky
2955:Illinois
2930:Delaware
2920:Colorado
2910:Arkansas
2756:Sullivan
2631:Marshall
2596:Lawrence
2521:Hardeman
2511:Hamilton
2491:Grainger
2476:Franklin
2471:Fentress
2441:Davidson
2431:Crockett
2401:Cheatham
2381:Campbell
2351:Anderson
2343:Counties
2295:Combined
2207:Franklin
1957:Governor
1900:Gun laws
1870:Cannabis
1865:Abortion
1738:Archived
1697:Archived
1560:Archived
1536:Archived
1333:Democrat
1319:attorney
1224:per diem
1104:and the
1083:Atheists
1045:duelists
1030:interest
1026:poll tax
865:Chancery
720:disrupts
672:and the
322:preamble
207:governor
123:Chambers
113:Branches
98:Ratified
64:Overview
3140:Wyoming
3115:Vermont
3020:Montana
2960:Indiana
2940:Georgia
2935:Florida
2905:Arizona
2895:Alabama
2806:Weakley
2751:Stewart
2691:Pickett
2681:Overton
2646:McNairy
2621:Madison
2606:Lincoln
2576:Johnson
2566:Jackson
2556:Houston
2551:Hickman
2536:Haywood
2531:Hawkins
2516:Hancock
2506:Hamblen
2466:Fayette
2456:Dickson
2446:Decatur
2406:Chester
2391:Carroll
2376:Bradley
2366:Bledsoe
2356:Bedford
2275:Memphis
2255:Jackson
2217:Jackson
2182:Memphis
2102:Regions
2030:Economy
2008:Culture
1994:Symbols
1890:Outline
1885:History
1373:prisons
1335:in the
1316:Memphis
1108:to the
1051:Militia
996:sheriff
971:of the
969:Speaker
884:Jackson
774:militia
728:omnibus
676:is the
668:is the
299:slavery
246:slavery
189:History
89:Created
3075:Oregon
3030:Nevada
2970:Kansas
2945:Hawaii
2900:Alaska
2888:States
2821:Wilson
2791:Warren
2776:Unicoi
2766:Tipton
2761:Sumner
2741:Shelby
2736:Sevier
2701:Putnam
2671:Morgan
2656:Monroe
2641:McMinn
2626:Marion
2611:Loudon
2526:Hardin
2501:Grundy
2496:Greene
2481:Gibson
2451:DeKalb
2426:Coffee
2396:Carter
2386:Cannon
2371:Blount
2361:Benton
2088:Middle
2049:Media
1857:Topics
1590:
1496:
1369:parole
1270:term.
1037:per se
954:Hawaii
898:, and
882:, and
863:, the
670:Senate
3105:Texas
2985:Maine
2950:Idaho
2811:White
2801:Wayne
2781:Union
2746:Smith
2726:Scott
2711:Roane
2686:Perry
2676:Obion
2666:Moore
2651:Meigs
2636:Maury
2616:Macon
2601:Lewis
2546:Henry
2486:Giles
2421:Cocke
2058:radio
2045:Music
2020:Crime
1935:radio
1833:State
1780:(PDF)
1612:(PDF)
1364:crime
1102:First
1034:usury
735:bonds
3177:Guam
3110:Utah
3065:Ohio
2965:Iowa
2706:Rhea
2696:Polk
2586:Lake
2581:Knox
2461:Dyer
2416:Clay
2093:West
2083:East
1962:list
1880:Name
1646:2019
1588:ISBN
1494:ISBN
1457:The
1421:fish
1090:duel
1020:and
660:The
277:The
55:The
30:The
1835:of
1289:of
603:.
171:at
3209::
2063:TV
1940:TV
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