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to call a shot (usually because a player obstructs their view) signals this by holding their hands beside their head, the upper side pointing in the same direction as the eyes; that call is then the chair umpire's responsibility. Line umpires are also responsible for calling foot faults. When baseline umpires are being used, they watch to see if the server touches any part of the baseline before the ball is struck. Center service line umpires are responsible for calling foot faults when the server steps over the imaginary extension of the centerline. Footfault calls are made with a verbal "Footfault" call followed by a vertical extension of the arm with the palm open.
66:
for officiating at the highest levels of tennis within the official's own nation and is not divided into categories (and is primarily used in
Spanish- and French-speaking areas, where a national organization may not be present). The second, the white badge, is divided into three categories (chair, chief, and referee) but remains only a national certification. The following three, bronze (chair umpire only), silver, and gold badge are considered international certifications. These international officials are those seen at the highest levels of play like the
107:
The chair umpire is often situated in a tall chair at the centre of the court, behind a net post. The players' benches are to either side of the chair. From this position, the chair umpire calls the score of the match to the players and spectators between points. At the conclusion of a point, game, or set, the chair umpire times the players to ensure they follow ITF regulations on pace of play. The chair umpire is responsible for completing a scorecard, the official historical record of the match.
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131:) "calls all shots relating to the assigned lines." Line umpires work on court as part of a team of between one and nine line umpires. Each line umpire is assigned to one line or, in the case of a short-handed crew, a position in a system. For example, a line umpire on the receiver's side may have to cover the center service line then, following the service, move to one of the sidelines.
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179:"is the official who is responsible for assuring that the competition is fair and played under the ITF Rules of Tennis." The referee supervises all of the aspects of play at a tournament including the conduct of players, coaches, spectators, and administrative crew. The referee must be present whenever matches are being played.
182:
The referee also "is the final authority on all questions of tennis law..." Any player may appeal the chair umpire's interpretation of tennis law to the tournament referee or deputy referee. In making the decision on an appeal the referee must consider the rulings of fact of the chair umpire, as well
106:
is the final authority on all questions of fact during the match. Questions of fact include whether a ball was in, the calling of a service let or the calling of a foot-fault. In matches where line umpires are also assigned, the chair umpire has the right to overrule if a clear mistake has been made.
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The line umpire signals a ball out by making a verbal "out" call ("fault" for a serve) followed by the extension of the arm shoulder high in the direction the ball was out. A ball is signalled "safe" or "good" by holding both hands together knee-high in front of the body. A line umpire who is unable
204:
The referee is usually only seen on court during the administration of a medical timeout. Due to the complex regulations dictating medical timeouts the referee accompanies the medical trainer onto court. The referee is present to explain procedures and regulations to the player and trainer, and to
65:
Tennis officials are certified by their respective national associations. The ITF also certifies officials in the categories of the chair umpire, referee and a chief umpire. Each ITF certification or "badge" is broken into five certification levels. The first, green badge, is considered sufficient
217:
of a tournament "appoints and replaces or reassigns, when necessary, Chair
Umpires, (and) Line Umpires..." Chief umpires are used primarily in large professional tournaments and are responsible for the recruitment and hiring of officials for the tournament. During the tournament, the chief umpire
56:
At the highest levels of the sport, a team of up to eleven officials may be on court at any given time. These officials are broken up into categories based on their responsibility during the match. Contrastingly, many tennis matches are conducted with no officials present directly on court.
198:. The referee must then work with tournament organizers to schedule matches. This process has been made much easier in recent years with the introduction of computer programs that complete draw sheets and schedules based on online player entries and court availability.
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assigns umpires to courts, subject to overrule by the referee. The chief umpire also collects scorecards from chair umpires at the conclusion of the match and thus may furnish the media with any factual information they may request.
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at the 2010 Wimbledon
Championships, the longest match ever played on a professional tour.)
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in accordance with competition regulations. The making of the draw includes determining
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is a person who ensures that a match or tournament is conducted according to the
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as statements of the players and line umpires. The referee's decision is final.
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A line umpire stands at a ready position, focusing on his assigned line.
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Australian chair umpire Scott Ray positions himself prior to a match at
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571:"Automated Line Calls Will Replace Human Judges at U.S. Open"
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HOPE, BB] nBURNIE INTERNATIONAL By CHLOE (2010-02-02).
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A chair umpire checks the mark of the ball on clay.
53:Rules of Tennis and other competition regulations.
446:. International Tennis Federation. Archived from
473:"Duties and Procedures for Officials 2012 – ITF"
417:"Qualifications galore at Burnie International"
351:Damian Steiner (Argentina) (2005-2019, retired)
186:The referee is also responsible for making the
277:Kelly Rask (Formerly Thomson) (Great Britain)
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222:List of current ITF Gold Badge chair umpires
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150:on most matches, excluding those held at
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550:from the original on 19 February 2021
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27:Person who acts as referee at tennis
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1250:International Premier Tennis League
538:Michaels, Jake (13 February 2021).
569:Clarey, Christopher (2020-08-03).
478:. International Tennis Federation.
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241:Mariana Alves (Portugal, retired)
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642:USTA Regulation III.B.8 from FAC
504:"2007 ITF Officiating Structure"
321:CĂ©dric Mourier (France, retired)
299:James Keothavong (Great Britain)
293:Roland Herfel (Germany, retired)
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528:FAC Comment VI.F-1.2-3 from FAC
519:USTA Regulation VI.F.1 from FAC
375:FĂ©lix Torralba (Spain, retired)
305:(Sweden) (Chair umpire for the
262:(formerly Lang) (Great Britain)
51:International Tennis Federation
312:Pascal Maria (France, retired)
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651:USTA Regulation VI.B from FAC
336:Richard Haigh (Great Britain)
253:Katarzyna Radwan-Cho (Poland)
625:The 2012 ITF Rules of Tennis
441:"Rules of Tennis 2012 – ITF"
360:Renaud Lichtenstein (France)
287:Mohamed El Jennati (Morocco)
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290:Jake Garner (USA, retired)
268:Marijana Veljović (Serbia)
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378:Damien Dumusois (France)
296:Emmanuel Joseph (France)
194:and placing players and
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372:Jaume Campistol (Spain)
357:Tom Sweeney (Australia)
333:Ali Nili (USA, retired)
327:Nico Helwerth (Germany)
324:Fergus Murphy (Ireland)
318:Nacho Forcadell (Spain)
274:Julie Kjendlie (Norway)
271:Cecilia Alberti (Italy)
250:Louise Engzell (Sweden)
238:Aurelie Tourte (France)
156:Louis Armstrong Stadium
138:To reduce staff due to
395:List of tennis umpires
369:Greg Allensworth (USA)
366:Pierre Bacchi (France)
247:Marija ÄŚiÄŤak (Croatia)
148:electronic line judges
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819:electronic line judge
603:"Off Court Officials"
397:, current and former.
363:Arnaud Gabas (France)
354:John Blom (Australia)
330:Timo Janzen (Germany)
256:Paula Vieira (Brazil)
244:Miriam Bley (Germany)
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1204:Billie Jean King Cup
160:2021 Australian Open
1168:ITF Women's Circuit
1110:ATP Challenger Tour
166:Off-court officials
152:Arthur Ashe Stadium
1456:Sports officiating
1451:Tennis terminology
630:2019-05-09 at the
575:The New York Times
265:Juan Zhang (China)
233:Eva Asderaki-Moore
142:restrictions, the
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384:Adel Nour (Egypt)
307:Isner–Mahut match
140:COVID-19 pandemic
16:(Redirected from
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1373:Governing bodies
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18:Tennis Officials
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623:Appendix V of
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1235:Wightman Cup
1131:WTA rankings
1078:ATP rankings
1062:Professional
962:double fault
947:Passing shot
932:Groundstroke
844:Match fixing
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609:30 September
607:. Retrieved
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455:. Retrieved
448:the original
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421:The Advocate
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346:Carlos Ramos
215:chief umpire
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209:Chief umpire
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144:2020 US Open
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104:chair umpire
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90:Chair umpire
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1430:WikiCommons
1328:Continental
1304:Universiade
1294:Paralympics
1273:Multi-sport
1185:tournaments
1182:Team tennis
1013:French Open
993:Grand Slams
937:Half volley
710:Match types
554:18 February
340:Kader Nouni
125:line umpire
111:Line umpire
68:Grand Slams
1445:Categories
1219:Hopman Cup
1209:United Cup
1032:Statistics
814:Technology
788:Equipment
725:Statistics
588:2021-06-02
426:2019-12-01
402:References
348:(Portugal)
129:line judge
1214:Laver Cup
1199:Davis Cup
1039:Champions
1018:Wimbledon
917:Drop shot
583:0362-4331
158:. At the
146:employed
36:Wimbledon
1289:Olympics
1136:WTA Tour
1083:ATP Tour
927:Forehand
912:Backspin
907:Backhand
849:Grunting
824:Hawk-Eye
809:Official
772:Strategy
735:Stadiums
720:Rankings
705:Glossary
628:Archived
548:Archived
544:ESPN.com
389:See also
342:(France)
235:(Greece)
47:official
1420:Outline
1350:Pacific
1335:African
1260:ATP Cup
1228:Defunct
1049:Records
1023:US Open
974:Topspin
802:strings
753:General
730:Umpires
715:Players
700:History
177:referee
171:Referee
1314:Island
1275:events
1192:Active
1156:Finals
1103:Finals
1001:Events
979:Volley
884:Carpet
861:Courts
839:Doping
797:racket
745:Basics
689:Tennis
581:
86:Cups.
43:tennis
1340:Asian
1124:Women
1064:tours
969:Smash
952:Serve
899:Shots
879:Grass
777:grips
765:point
605:. ITF
507:(PDF)
476:(PDF)
451:(PDF)
444:(PDF)
227:Women
192:seeds
84:Davis
45:, an
1141:1000
1088:1000
922:Flat
889:Wood
874:Clay
869:Hard
792:ball
611:2012
579:ISSN
556:2021
459:2012
213:The
196:byes
175:The
154:and
127:(or
123:The
102:The
82:and
74:and
1151:250
1146:500
1098:250
1093:500
1071:Men
957:ace
942:Lob
282:Men
80:Fed
76:WTA
72:ATP
41:In
1447::
577:.
573:.
546:.
542:.
419:.
70:,
681:e
674:t
667:v
613:.
591:.
558:.
509:.
492:.
461:.
429:.
20:)
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