History of tennis - Knowledge (XXG)

456: 1699:. Twelve of the Grand Prix which were slightly less prestigious than the first nine events were renamed as the "Championship Series – Double Week" (meaning in most cases, 2 of those tournaments occurred the same week). Winning a Super Nine tournament was worth roughly half the points (370) of winning a Grand Slam tournament (750), while Championship Series tournaments were worth as much as 360 points depending on the total prize money. The format continued until 2000, at which time the Super Nine were renamed the Masters Series (the winner being awarded 500 points), occupying the rank below the Grand Slams (1000 points for the winner), and the Championship Series was renamed to simply the International Series Gold (worth 250 to 300 points for the winner). In 2000, the Grand Slam tournaments and the Masters Series tournaments became mandatory professional events if a player's ranking qualifies them for the tournament. Players were automatically entered and Masters and Slam events became the baseline for player rankings with up to an additional 5 tournaments also counted (18 in all plus the ATP Finals if they qualify). Before 2000, a players' best 14 tournaments were counted towards the ATP Point Rankings. 572:

mistakenly said to have played the first tennis game in the U.S. against her sister Laura in Staten Island, New York on an hourglass-shaped court. However, all this would have been impossible, as the tennis equipment she is said to have brought back from Bermuda was not available in Bermuda until 1875, and her next trip to Bermuda, when it was available there, was in 1877. In fact, lawn tennis was first introduced in the United States on a grass court on Col. William Appleton's Estate in Nahant, Massachusetts by Dr. James Dwight ("the Father of American Lawn Tennis"), Henry Slocum, Richard Dudley Sears and Sears' half-brother Fred Sears, in 1874.

1543:. The International Lawn Tennis Federation, alarmed by the control of the promoters, approved Kramer's Grand Prix. Twenty-seven tournaments, including the three Grand Slams (French Open, Wimbledon and US Open), were played that year, with Stockholm tournament ending on 1 November. The independent professional players along with a few contract players, entered the Grand Prix circuit. Contract players could play Grand Prix events provided their contracts allowed it, and that they had adequate time apart from their own circuit. 329: 317: 1356: 1718:. The numbers in the tournament type name indicate the winners' ranking points. By way of comparison, a winner of one of the four Grand Slam tournaments is awarded 2000 points. In 2009, a greater emphasis began to be placed on winning a tournament, as the points awarded to the runner-up dropped from 70% of the champion's points to 60% (i.e. from 700 points to 600 points in a Masters 1000 event). Points also began to be awarded for Davis Cup singles play. 532:, Wales in 1874, but research has demonstrated that even his game was not likely played during that country weekend in Wales. He had likely based his game on both the evolving sport of outdoor tennis and on real tennis. Much of modern tennis terminology also derives from this period, for Wingfield and others borrowed both the name and much of the French vocabulary of real tennis, and applied them to their variations of real tennis. In the scholarly work 441: 195: 305: 240:, a game that evolved over three centuries from an earlier ball game played around the 12th century in France that involved hitting a ball with a bare hand and later with a glove. By the 16th century the glove had become a racquet, the game had moved to an enclosed playing area and the rules had stabilized. Real tennis spread in popularity throughout royalty in Europe, reaching its peak in the 16th century. 1141: 4430: 4419: 1908: 30: 4440: 506:

believed, mistakenly, that Wingfield obtained a patent on the game he devised to be played on that type of court, but in fact Wingfield never applied for nor received a patent on his game, although he did obtain a copyright — but not a patent — on his rules for playing it. And, after a running series of articles and letters in the British sporting magazine

1535:. . . a series of tournaments with a money bonus pool that would be split up on the basis of a cumulative point system. This would encourage the best players to compete regularly in the series, so that they could share in the bonus at the end and qualify for a special championship tournament that would climax the year. 540:

tennis. The service had to be made from a diamond-shaped box in the middle of one side of the court only, and the service had to bounce beyond the service line instead of in front of it. He adopted the rackets-based system of scoring where games consisted of 15 points (called 'aces'). None of these quirks survived the

528:, that is, "sphere-istic", an ancient Greek adjective meaning "of or pertaining to use of a ball, globe or sphere"), which was soon corrupted to "sticky". Wingfield claimed that he had invented his version of the game for the amusement of his guests at a weekend garden party on his estate of Nantclwyd, in 1643:

In 1978 the ILTF Grand Prix and WCT circuits merged. However, In 1982, the WCT circuit separated again and created a more complex WCT ranking, similar to the ATP ranking. The WCT was not as successful in the 1980s, and the Grand Prix circuit became the primary circuit. The Grand Prix's governance was

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from 1973 Wimbledon, due to Pilic's alleged refusal to play in Yugoslavia's Davis Cup tie against New Zealand. In retaliation, 81 out of 84 of Pilic's fellow players who were ATP members, boycotted 1973 Wimbledon in response, stating that professional players should have the right of deciding whether

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and introduced lawn tennis to the United States, setting up supposedly the first tennis court in the United States on the grounds of the Staten Island Cricket and Baseball Club, which was near where the Staten Island Ferry Terminal is today. The club was founded on or about 22 March 1872. She is also

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designed an hourglass-shaped tennis court in order to obtain a patent on his court (as the rectangular court was already in use and was unpatentable). A temporary patent on this hourglass-shaped court was granted to him in February, 1874, which he never renewed when it expired in 1877. It is commonly

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Open Era, the establishment of an international professional tennis circuit, and revenues from the sale of television rights, tennis's popularity has spread worldwide, and the sport has shed its upper/middle-class English-speaking image (although it is acknowledged that this stereotype still exists).

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Most rules of (lawn) tennis derive from this precursor and it is reasonable to see both sports as variations of the same game. Most historians believe that tennis originated in the monastic cloisters in northern France in the 12th century, but the ball was then struck with the palm of the hand, hence

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was first played in 1905 as The Australasian (Australia and New Zealand) Championships. Because of its geographic remoteness, historically, the event did not gain attendance from the top tennis players. It became one of the major tennis tournaments starting in 1924 (designated by the ILTF). In 1927,

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The reason for the numbering of scores being "15", "30" and "40" is unknown. Historical sources suggest the system was originally 15, 30, 45 with the 45 simplified to 40 over time. Common theories are that it originated from the quarters of a clock, or from gambling stakes or just a trick from royal

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that plagues high-class tennis. It is well known that amateurs bargain for – and receive – exorbitant expenses to compete at many tournaments. "We must take action on our own account to make the game honest", said Derek Penmam of the British association. "For too long now we have been governed by a

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recalled that in 1767 "in the summer we had another club, which met at the Red House in Battersea fields, nearly opposite Ranelagh.... The game we played was an invention of our own, and called field tennis, which afforded noble exercise.... The field, which was of sixteen acres in extent, was kept

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cigarettes. In 1971 and 1972, the WT Women's Pro Tour offered nearly 10 times the prize money of other pro women's tennis events. The USLTA initially would not sanction the tour; however, the two groups determined to give Virginia Slims the individual events, and the USLTA the tour, thus resolving

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The first WCT tournaments were held in February 1968 and the first NTL tournaments in March 1969. In July 1970, the WCT absorbed the NTL. At the end of 1970, a panel of journalists ranked the players, leading the WCT to send invitations to the 32 top men to play the 1971 WCT circuit: among the 32,

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stayed independent. In 1971, the WCT ran 20 tournaments, and concluded the year with the WCT Finals. In 1971, the majority of the best players still mainly played the WCT circuit. Thus, the 1971 Australian Open was a WCT competition whereas the French Open, Wimbledon and U.S. Open were ILTF Grand

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The origin of the use of love for zero is disputed. It is ascribed to derive from l'œuf, French for "the egg", traditionally representing the shape of a zero. Another possibility is that it derives from the Dutch expression "iets voor lof doen", which means to do something for praise, implying no

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In 1968 commercial pressures and rumours of some amateurs taking money under the table led to the abandonment of this distinction, inaugurating the Open Era, in which all players could compete in all tournaments and top players were able to make their living from tennis. With the beginning of the

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but only 9 tournament matches. Joe McCauley determined that for 1952, only 7 professional tournaments were played by the top international players, and 2 other professional tournaments (the British Pro and the German Pro) were reserved for domestic players. Only during the 1960s did professional

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for the first Lawn Tennis Championship, at Wimbledon in 1877 (the men who devised those rules were members of both clubs). Wingfield does deserve great credit for popularizing the game of lawn tennis, as he marketed, in one boxed set, all the equipment needed to play his or other versions of it,

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Wingfield did patent his hourglass court in 1874, but not his eight-page rule book titled "Sphairistike or Lawn Tennis", but he failed in enforcing his patent. In his version, the game was played on an hourglass-shaped court, and the net was higher (4 feet 8 inches) than it is in official lawn

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in 1877 to raise money for the club. The first Championships were contested by 22 men and the winner received a Silver Gilt Cup proclaiming the winner to be "The All England Lawn Tennis Club Single Handed Champion of the World". The first Championships culminated a significant debate on how to

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standardize the rules. The following year, it was recognized as the official British Championships, although it was open to international competitors. In 1884 the Ladies Singles and Gentlemen's Doubles Championships were inaugurated, followed by the Ladies and Mixed Doubles in 1913.

1848:. From 1984 to 1998, the finals matches of the championship event were best-of-five, uniquely among women's tournaments. In 1999, the finals reverted to best-of-three. The WTA Tour Championships are generally considered to be the women's fifth most prestigious event (after the four 3421:'Yes, "open" tennis has come at last and Bournemouth has been entrusted with the task of a world shaking launching,' said the programme notes for the 1968 Hard Court Championships of Great Britain, which brought an end to the sport's segregation of amateur and professional players. 277:

granted a constitution to the Corporation of Tennis Professionals in 1571, creating the first pro tennis 'tour', establishing three professional levels: apprentice, associate, and master. A professional named Forbet wrote and published the first codification of the rules in 1599.

1581:) complicated matters further with a third professional tour, the U.S. Indoor Circuit. In 1972, the conflict between the ILTF and the WCT culminated in the ILTF banning the contract professional players from all ILTF Grand Prix events between January and July, which included the 1276:. Vines probably never entered a tournament in 1937 and 1938. In 1937, Vines played 70 matches on two tours and no tournament matches. Even in the 1950s, some professionals continued to play tour matches. During his first five months as a professional (January through May 1957), 370:. Giovanni Andrea dell'Anguillara translated it into Italian in 1561 and replaced the ancient game of discus in the original text with pallacorda or tennis, which had achieved a high status at the courts in the middle of the 16th century. Tiepolo's painting, displayed at the 967:

because of New Zealand tennis authorities releasing their commitments to the tournament, it became known as the Australian Championships. For most of the 1970s and the early 1980s, the event lacked participation from top ranked tennis professionals. Since its move to

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won the singles match. There was also a doubles match which was won by a local pair. There were different rules at each club. The ball in Boston was larger than the one normally used in NY. On 21 May 1881, the United States National Lawn Tennis Association (now the

536:, Heiner Gillmeister reveals that on 8 December 1874, Wingfield had written to Harry Gem, commenting that he had been experimenting with his version of lawn tennis for a year and a half. Gem himself had largely credited Perera with the invention of the game. 1576:

By then, the rivalry between the two groups became so intense that Rosewall, Gimeno, Laver, Emerson and some other WCT players boycotted the 1971 US Open (although Newcombe played and lost in the first round to Kodes). Bill Riordan (the future manager of

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The tournament initially was known as the International Lawn Tennis Challenge. It was renamed the Davis Cup following the death of Dwight Davis in 1945. The tournament has vastly expanded and, on its 100th anniversary in 1999, 130 nations competed.

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under contract to Charles C. Pyle. The main events of the professional circuit comprised head-to-head competition and by-invitation Pro Championships, which were the equivalent of the Grand Slam tournaments on the professional circuit.

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In the years before the Open Era, professionals often played more frequently on head-to-head tours than in tournaments because tours paid much better than tournaments and the number of professional tournaments was small. For example,

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tournaments agreed to allow professional players to compete with amateurs. Before 1968, only amateurs were allowed to compete in Grand Slam tournaments and other events organized or sanctioned by the ILTF, including the Davis Cup.

1896:. The building contains a large collection of memorabilia as well as honoring prominent players and others. Each year, a grass-court tournament takes place on its grounds, as well as an induction ceremony honoring new members. 584:

Tennis comes from the French tenez, the formal imperative form of the verb tenir, to hold, meaning "hold!", "receive!" or "take!", an interjection used as a call from the server to his opponent to indicate that he is about to

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term Tenez, which can be translated as 'hold!', 'receive!' or 'take!', a call from the server to his opponent indicating that he is about to serve. The first known appearance of the word in English literature is by poet

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The same year, tennis withdrew from the Olympics after the 1924 Games but returned 60 years later as a 21-and-under demonstration event in 1984. This reinstatement was credited by the efforts by the then ITF President

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created the first professional tennis tour in 1926, with a group of American and French tennis players playing exhibition matches to paying audiences. The most notable of these early professionals were the American

120:) was a pivotal event during the first days of the French Revolution; it was a pledge signed by 576 of the 577 members from the Third Estate who were locked out of a meeting of the Estates-General on 20 June 1789. 1955:

The first known instance of the word tennis in the English language dates to 1396 when a William Terrey had to appear before the burghmote of Canterbury for allowing people to play le Closhe and le Tenesse on his

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Before the Open Era, the leading professional players were under contract with a professional promoter who controlled their appearances. For example, in 1926, Lenglen and Richards toured North America along with

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equipment that had been available previously only at several different outlets. Because of this convenience, versions of the game spread like wildfire in Britain, and by 1875 lawn tennis had virtually supplanted

126:'s Rules of Lawn Tennis have been official, with periodic slight modifications, ever since 1875. Those rules were adopted by the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club for the first lawn tennis championship, 1826:

the conflict. In 1973, the U.S. Open made history by offering equal prize money to men and women. Billie Jean King, the most visible advocate for the women's cause, earned over $ 100,000 in 1971 and 1972.

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Suzanne Lenglen was the leading player in the first year of the professional circuit, and after she retired in February 1927, few female players played on the professional circuit before the Open Era.

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as part of the ITF's 50th anniversary celebrations; it involved 16 countries and was played over one week. By the 1990s, over 70 nations competed each year, and regional qualifiers were introduced in

638:. Since the mid-1920s they became and have remained the more prestigious events in tennis. Winning these four tournaments in the same year is called the Calendar Grand Slam (a term borrowed from 186:

and composed in 1400; "Of the tenetz to winne or lese a chase, Mai no lif wite er that the bal be ronne". (Whether a chase is won or lost at tennis, Nobody can know until the ball is run).

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dates to 1891 as the Championat de France International de Tennis. This tournament was not recognised as a Major or Grand Slam tournament until it was opened to all nationalities in 1925.

1156:(ITF). The rules the association promulgated in 1924 have remained remarkably stable in the ensuing century, the one major change being the addition of the tie-break system designed by 1811:

offered the women only $ 7,500 in prize money versus the men's total of $ 50,000. When Kramer refused to match the men's prize money, King and Casals urged the other women to boycott.

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established the first professional tour with a group of American and French players playing exhibition matches to paying audiences. The most notable early professionals were American

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image. In the United States, since the 1970s, courts have been a common feature of public recreational facilities. Accordingly, in the 1970s, the U.S. Open moved from the private

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was held between 1957 and 1959, the 1957 Australian editions taking place in Sydney White City and Melbourne Kooyong, while the U.S. editions in 1957, 1958 and 1959 took place at

1311:, played between 1927 and 1999. Between 1954 and 1962, it was played indoors in Cleveland and was called the World Professional Championships. The third major tournament was the 567:

played the game in Bermuda at Clermont, a house with a spacious lawn in Paget parish. Innumerable histories claim that in 1874, Mary returned from Bermuda onboard the ship S.S.

261:(1547–59), was also an excellent player and continued the royal French tradition. In 1555 an Italian priest, Antonio Scaino da Salothe, wrote the first known book about tennis, 1385:

During the first years of the Open Era, power struggles between the ILTF and the commercial promoters led to boycotts of Grand Slam events. The first Open Era event was the

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in September, all the players attended and agreed to form a player syndicate to protect themselves from the promoters and associations, resulting in the creation of the

1315:, played between 1930 and 1968. The British and American championships continued into the Open Era but devolved to the status of minor tournaments after the late 1960s. 516:, the official rules of lawn tennis were promulgated by that Club in 1875, which preserved none of the aspects of the variations that Wingfield had dreamed up and named 1350: 2823: 1346: 2718: 3593: 3154: 2099: 4062: 3271: 1088:

of the Harvard University tennis team designed a tournament format with the idea of challenging the British to a tennis showdown. The first match, between the

346:(1599), when a basket of them is given to King Henry as a mockery of his youth and playfulness; the incident is also mentioned in some earlier chronicles and 1668: 1675:) that is accessible to anyone who buys a ticket. About the same time, the ruling body's name changed from the United States Lawn Tennis Association to the 4476: 4317: 4307: 875:

Tennis was predominantly a sport of the English-speaking world, dominated by Great Britain and the United States. It was also popular in France, where the

257:(1515–1547) was an enthusiastic player and promoter of real tennis, building courts and encouraging play among the courtiers and commoners. His successor, 1710:

becoming a non-mandatory event, meaning a player could use his results from a lower-level tournament in place of it. International Series Gold became the

251:, when the drain outlet, through which he hoped to escape assassins, had been blocked to prevent the loss of tennis balls. James was trapped and killed. 1299:

In addition to head-to-head events several annual professional tournaments were called championship tournaments. The most prestigious was usually the

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families to confuse the servants and maids so they wouldn't understand the system of scoring (that's why they use 40 in their system and not 45).

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Another significant turning point came in 1968 when the French Internationals became the first Grand Slam tournament to join the "Open"" era.

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In the first two years of the Open Era, the National Tennis League and WCT promoters began to take control of the game. To outmaneuver them,

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The first American National tournament was played in 1880 at the Staten Island Cricket and Baseball Club in New York. An Englishman named

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In 1973, there were four rival professional circuits: the WCT circuit, the Grand Prix circuit, the U.S. Indoor Circuit with Connors and

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the royal families of Europe were besieged and real tennis was largely abandoned. Real tennis played a minor role in the history of the

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in September 1973, King brought even more media attention to tennis, and to women professionals in all walks of life by beating Riggs.

4373: 2635: 1695:, and packaged the nine most prestigious events as the "Championship Series – Single Tournament Week", and beginning in 1996, as the 4571: 4332: 4057: 2997: 2959: 2793: 2519: 2453: 2411: 1889: 199: 105: 2903: 358:(1752–1753), in which a strung racquet and three tennis balls are depicted. The theme of the painting is the mythological story of 3433: 3213: 4368: 4322: 4181: 1676: 1319: 759: 3649: 2691: 1194:, awarded in an annual match between the two strongest women's tennis nations of the time, the United States and Great Britain. 4501: 4469: 4403: 3339: 3055: 1804: 1172:. The success of the event was overwhelming, and the IOC decided to reintroduce tennis as a full medal sport at Seoul in 1988. 1153: 142: 137:, an annual competition between men's national teams, dates to 1900. The analogous competition for women's national teams, the 2583:

The Monumental Inscriptions in the Parish Church of S. Michael, Coventry, together with drawings of all the arms found therein

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Deuce comes from "a deux du jeu" - two points away from game (that is, two consecutive points must be scored to win the game).

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and in 1874, with two doctors from the Warneford Hospital, founded the world's first tennis club, the Leamington Tennis Club.

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came into use and the game began to be called 'tennis'. It was popular in the Kingdom of France as well as in England, where

4128: 3128: 401:, a pledge signed by French deputies on a real tennis court, which formed a decisive early step in starting the revolution. 4398: 4302: 3235: 3025: 1936: 1844:, formed in 1973, is the principal organizing body of women's professional tennis, organizing the worldwide, professional 1841: 1330:

tournament held in August 1967, the first tournament where professional tennis players were allowed to play at Wimbledon.

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Wightman's original idea for a worldwide women's team tournament would bear fruit more than 40 years later in 1962, when

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The idea of a Davis Cup-style tournament for national women's teams is surprisingly old—it was first proposed in 1919 by

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because their organization did not receive a guarantee. In 1970, neither WCT nor NTL players played in the French Open.

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to join his tour of eight men for two years. The professional women then played as independents as the Open Era began.

1490: 4652: 4363: 4348: 3597: 3158: 2096: 1703: 1696: 3275: 1742:. World War II hindered most professional competitions and many players were involved with entertaining the troops. 1104:. The American team, of which Dwight Davis was a part, surprised the British by winning the first three matches. By 4647: 4462: 4327: 1121: 750:

and Fred Sears in 1874. In 1881, the desire to play tennis competitively led to the establishment of tennis clubs.

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The Open Era, the global professional circuit, and television helped tennis spread globally and shed its elitist,

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In England, during the 18th and early 19th centuries as real tennis declined, three other racquet sports emerged:

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to play Davis Cup matches or not. The only ATP players who refused to boycott 1973 Wimbledon were Ilie Năstase,

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The French Championships at Roland Garros was the first Grand Slam tournament to become "open" to professionals

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that have been official, with periodic slight modifications, ever since then. Those rules were adopted by the

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There was virtually no further women's professional tennis until 1967, when promoter George McCall signed

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In 1947, women professionals were again in action with a short-lived series of exhibition matches between

1430: 1169: 1113: 1109: 747: 564: 270: 378:, was ordered in 1752 by German count Wilhelm Friedrich Schaumburg Lippe, who was an avid tennis player. 4621: 4521: 3975: 3832: 3773: 3723: 3571: 1893: 1672: 1664: 1613: 1593: 1482: 1117: 1097: 1048: 832: 770: 739: 286: 174: 90: 2730: 2170:"There are 3 levels of social class in tennis: Upper middle class, middle class and lower middle class" 1652:

in Dallas continued being held until the end of the 1980s, and then disbanded with the creation of the

1213:, the ITF introduced a new Davis Cup-style format for the competition and rechristened it the Fed Cup. 738:

Tennis was first played in the U.S. on a grass court set up on the Estate of Col. William Appleton in

316: 4626: 4217: 4154: 1793: 1778: 1394: 1323: 1300: 876: 870: 837: 508: 363: 351: 274: 141:, was founded as the Federation Cup in 1963 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the founding of the 4611: 4561: 4516: 4176: 4164: 4159: 4123: 4111: 4106: 4052: 4006: 3679: 1849: 1750: 1707: 1422: 1390: 1368: 934: 619: 337: 254: 248: 183: 101: 3410: 4606: 4556: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4443: 3862: 3531: 3473: 2023: 1734:. The series ended in 1927, and the women did not compete as professionals again until 1941 when 1715: 1711: 405: 282: 258: 244: 61:

or royal tennis, which continues to be played today as a separate sport with more complex rules.

3106: 3012: 2859: 2223: 2217: 1984: 1978: 1355: 3313: 3296: 2363: 2357: 2254: 2248: 4601: 4433: 3827: 3822: 3758: 3623: 3229: 2993: 2955: 2951: 2789: 2674: 2515: 2449: 2417: 2407: 2367: 2314: 2310: 2304: 2283: 2258: 2227: 2009: 1988: 1931: 1857: 1624: 1527:, the best player of the late 1940s / early 1950s, and at that time a promoter, conceived the 1486: 1405:. The Open Era allowed all tennis players the opportunity to make a living by playing tennis. 1165: 709: 704: 440: 398: 394: 266: 113: 109: 3343: 3200: 3080: 3051: 2975: 1607:

and the European Spring Circuit with Năstase as their star. During the year, the ILTF banned

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persuaded the ITF to begin sponsoring such an event. The first Federation Cup was played in

1198: 849: 766: 733: 627: 425: 2334: 773:. The U.S. National Women's Singles Championships were first held in 1887 in Philadelphia. 194: 4551: 4021: 3992: 3785: 3443: 2639: 2632: 2511: 2505: 2445: 2439: 2103: 1727: 1688: 1506: 1446: 1281: 1269: 1230: 1226: 1085: 1053: 963: 957: 754: 639: 635: 390: 158: 154: 97: 3389: 2771: 2387: 1608: 1604: 1553: 1478: 3365: 2907: 2169: 2073: 2052: 297:, was watching a game when she was arrested and that Henry was playing when news of her 4253: 3982: 3965: 3778: 3512: 3451: 1885: 1822: 1814: 1731: 1653: 1569: 1498: 1494: 1466: 1242: 1157: 1058: 968: 521: 495: 483: 444: 429: 342: 304: 2469:

Roger Morgan (1991). "The silver ball of rattray: a note on an early form of tennis".

1627:, which conflicted with the European leg of the Grand Prix circuit, was banned by the 1148:

1913 also saw 12 national tennis associations agree at a Paris conference to form the

212:(c. 1500) shepherds gave three gifts, including a tennis ball, to the newborn Christ. 173:

The word tennis came into use in English in the mid-14th century from French, via the

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1891–1908: shared by Tennis Club de Paris/Ile de Puteaux, Paris/Racing Club de France

469: 290: 289:(1509–47) made the biggest impact as a young monarch, playing the game with gusto at 108:. Many of the French courts were decommissioned with the terror that accompanied the 4248: 4144: 4091: 3970: 3960: 3955: 3945: 3897: 3874: 3546: 3415: 1797: 1758: 1746: 1735: 1660: 1438: 1418: 1402: 1377: 1277: 1210: 1191: 1140: 1032: 1010: 743: 580:

Wingfield borrowed both the name and much of the French vocabulary of real tennis:

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The move is made because the English are tired of the hypocrisy in the sport, the

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in 1988, the Australian Open has gained the popularity of the other three majors.

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Racket (or racquet) derives from the Arabic rakhat, meaning the palm of the hand.

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The game thrived among the 17th-century nobility in France, Spain, Italy and the

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was a notable enthusiast of the game, which is now referred to as 'real tennis'.

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Tour rivalries and the creation of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP)

1524: 1502: 1454: 1450: 1005: 997: 804: 689: 631: 294: 237: 221: 58: 3214:"Tennis: Britain Misses Out on World Party That Once Roused Fury of the Fuhrer" 2929: 1726:

Women's professional tennis began in 1926, when world number one female player

1501:. In 1968, none of the original Handsome Eight WCT players participated in the 1429:, but most of the best players were under contract. George McCall operated the 1268:

earned U.S. $ 91,000 ($ 1,928,694 today) in a 1937 North American tour against

776:

The tournament was made officially one of the tennis 'Majors' from 1924 by the

17: 4232: 4222: 4169: 4116: 3902: 3887: 3468: 1903: 1865: 1649: 1620:. They were later fined by the ATP for their participation in the tournament. 1617: 1557: 1474: 1458: 1265: 906: 809: 529: 213: 179: 149: 3501: 2652: 1124:, a combined team from Australia and New Zealand that competed jointly until 4227: 4212: 3930: 3882: 2421: 1434: 1233:. Players turning pro could not compete in the major (amateur) tournaments. 1222: 1079: 1027: 1002: 817: 558: 479: 448: 298: 161:. Players turning pro could not compete in the major (amateur) tournaments. 134: 46: 1730:

accepted $ 50,000 for a series of matches against three-time U.S. Champion

96:

Many original tennis courts remain, including courts at Oxford, Cambridge,

2591: 1821:

magazine, responded with a separate women's tour under the sponsorship of

29: 4149: 4096: 3940: 3925: 3920: 3837: 1845: 1692: 1623:

Between 1974 and 1978, any tennis player who participated in the nascent

1414: 1040: 1036: 1015: 820: 4418: 1907: 4273: 3987: 1873: 1181: 812: 554: 491: 386: 138: 2282:(Dover ed.). Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications. pp. 25, 26. 2192:"tennis – Origin and history of tennis by Online Etymology Dictionary" 622:

tournaments, the four biggest competitions on the tennis circuit, are

486:, a Spanish merchant, combined elements of the game of racquets and a 293:

on a court he had built in 1530. It is believed that his second wife,

3702: 3477:. 19 June 1969. p. 30 – via National Library of Australia. 3384: 3382: 3180: 2309:(Rev. and updated 1st ed.). New York: Harper & Row. p. 375: 359: 350:. One of the most striking early references appears in a painting by 301:

arrived. During the reign of James I (1603–25) London had 14 courts.

217: 206:

Tennis is mentioned in literature as far back as the Middle Ages. In

54: 4454: 2846: 2844: 2752:"When the Girls Came Out to Play: The Birth of American Sportswear" 1861: 1354: 1139: 1044: 439: 193: 28: 762:) was formed to standardize the rules and organize competitions. 3394: 1409:

National Tennis League (NTL) and World Championship Tennis (WCT)

367: 4458: 3675: 2362:. Washington Square, N.Y.: New York University Press. pp. 1852:

tournaments.) Sponsors have included Virginia Slims (1971–78),

308:

Drawing of a Lawn Tennis court as originally designed by Major

2253:. Washington Square, N.Y.: New York University Press. p. 2222:. Washington Square, N.Y.: New York University Press. p. 1983:. Washington Square, N.Y.: New York University Press. p. 1272:

but won only U.S. $ 450 ($ 9,740) for his 1938 victory at the

2557:

The Chronicle History of King Henry the Fifth. Act 1, Scene 2

2303:

United States Tennis Association (1979). Bill Shannon (ed.).

1307:

in England, played between 1934 and 1990. The oldest was the

224:'s round table, plays tennis against a group of 17 giants in 37:

in 2008, a year before the installation of a retractable roof

3434:"Event Guide / History: Roland-Garros, a never-ending story" 3366:"History of the Pro Tennis Wars Chapter 2, part 1 1927–1928" 2074:"History of the Pro Tennis Wars Chapter 2, part 1 1927–1928" 974: 882: 783: 667: 320:

Cover of the first edition of the book about Lawn Tennis by

247:, the playing of tennis indirectly led to the death of King 2133:

it was no longer true that tennis was a middle-class sport

1539:

In 1970, none of the contract players participated in the

3671: 2824:"Bermudas Place in Tennis History > The IC of Bermuda" 1687:

In 1990, the Association of Tennis Professionals, led by

1413:

In 1968, a few professionals were independent, including

1295:

Major professional tennis tournaments before the Open Era

2952:"Speaking of animals: a dictionary of animal metaphors" 923:

1909: Societe Athletique de la Villa Primrose, Bordeaux

2147:"Max Clifford to help shed tennis' middle-class image" 765:

The U.S. National Men's Singles Championship, now the

2990:

Heeft yemant lust met bal, of met reket te spelen...?

1397:, while the first open Grand Slam tournament was the 478:

Between 1859 and 1865, in Birmingham, England, Major

475:

The modern sport is tied to two separate inventions.

265:. Two French kings died from tennis related episodes— 182:

in his poem titled 'In Praise of Peace' dedicated to

4386: 4341: 4295: 4286: 4241: 4205: 4194: 4137: 4084: 4075: 4045: 4014: 4005: 3911: 3873: 3766: 3757: 1381:

set of amateur rules that are quite unenforceable."

3500: 1777:("the Golden Goddess") as the opening act for the 1753:, both U.S. National Champions. In 1950 and 1951, 57:, is the direct descendant of what is now denoted 3490:, by Jack Kramer with Frank Deford, pages 275–276 3310:"James Henry Van Alen in the Tennis Hall of Fame" 2471:The International Journal of the History of Sport 3216:. Archived from the original on 25 February 2006 2605:The Prodigal Rake: the Memoirs of William Hickey 1285:tournaments become more significant than tours. 447:'s house in Edgbaston, Birmingham, where he and 3650:"International Tennis Hall of Fame Information" 2010:Sports and Games of the 18th and 19th Centuries 1646:Men's International Professional Tennis Council 1338:"Open era" redirects here. For other uses, see 410: 198:Real tennis racquets and balls. Cahusac at the 494:lawn in Edgbaston. In 1872, both men moved to 4470: 3687: 3155:"History of United States Tennis Association" 2092: 2090: 1702:In 2009, the Masters events were renamed the 45:traditionally named lawn tennis, invented in 8: 2788:. Oxford: Bodleian Library. pp. 13–19. 1833:exhibition match against the vocally sexist 1773:turned professional in 1958 and joined with 1648:(also called the Men's Tennis Council). The 2489:The Kings & Queens of Scotland: James I 1856:(1979–82), Virginia Slims again (1983–94), 1505:. In 1970, NTL players did not play in the 1457:. Meanwhile Dave Dixon (later succeeded by 893:1925: Championnats Internationaux de France 451:first played the modern game of lawn tennis 70: 4477: 4463: 4455: 4292: 4202: 4081: 4011: 3763: 3694: 3680: 3672: 336:Real tennis is mentioned in literature by 332:Tennis doubles final at 1896 Olympic Games 85:). It was not until the 16th century that 2123:. London: The Observer, theguardian.co.uk 1598:Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) 1351:Open Era tennis records – women's singles 561:as outdoor games for both men and women. 419:Time's arm for shame grew tyred at last. 236:The Medieval form of tennis is termed as 3026:"Originality of the phrase "Grand Slam"" 2774:– University of South Carolina Libraries 2053:"Suzanne Lenglen and the First Pro Tour" 1144:1896 Summer Olympics men's singles final 661:All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club 604:Tournaments and tours of the Amateur Era 550:All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club 454: 327: 315: 303: 53:, England, now commonly known simply as 3511:. 29 July 1970. p. 3C – via 2930:"The Online Guide to Traditional Games" 2121:"Middle-class heroes can lift our game" 2114: 2112: 1969: 1948: 1347:Open era tennis records – men's singles 1152:(ILTF), renamed in 1977 as the current 1108:the tournament had expanded to include 3568:"History of the West Side Tennis Club" 3527:"French to lift ban on W.T.T. players" 3227: 273:after hitting his head during a game. 3469:"Power struggle on the tennis courts" 3181:"Fact & History of Rhodes Island" 2406:. London: Octopus Books. p. 21. 2389:Sir Gawain: Eleven Romances and Tales 2047: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2033: 1401:in May. Both tournaments were won by 1387:1968 British Hard Court Championships 1035:and alternated in Melbourne, Sydney, 468:in as high an order, and smooth as a 459:Amateur tennis match in Sweden, 1892. 281:Royal interest in England began with 7: 4439: 3622:, 1974, The Viking Press, New York, 3390:"Open tennis accepted for Wimbledon" 2954:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 245. 2555:Shakespeare, William (Early 1600s). 1714:and the remaining events became the 1280:played 76 matches on a tour against 1150:International Lawn Tennis Federation 778:International Lawn Tennis Federation 413:Here lyes an old toss'd Tennis Ball: 408:, written circa 1705 read, in part: 269:of a severe chill after playing and 4394:Association of Tennis Professionals 4264:International Premier Tennis League 2992:. Hilversum: Verloren. p. 10. 2904:"Tennis from Beijing Olympics 2008" 2810:"Bermuda's Place in Tennis History" 2708:. The Viking Press. pp. 22–24. 2280:Tennis : Origins and Mysteries 1721: 432:and lawn tennis (the modern game). 417:With so much heat and so much hast, 415:Was racketted, from spring to fall, 2510:. New York: Random House. p. 2444:. New York: Random House. p. 2119:Jon Henderson (10 December 2008). 1531:in late 1969. He described it as: 929:1926: Racing Club de France, Paris 925:1910: Racing Club de France, Paris 340:, who mentions "tennis balles" in 25: 2546:The Encyclopedia of Tennis, p. 18 2392:. Medieval Institute Publications 1890:International Tennis Hall of Fame 1880:International Tennis Hall of Fame 828:Venue change (men's championship) 200:Falkland Palace Royal Tennis Club 4438: 4428: 4417: 2856:Staten Island Tennis Association 2359:Tennis : A Cultural History 2335:"John Gower: In Praise of Peace" 2250:Tennis : A Cultural History 2219:Tennis : A Cultural History 1980:Tennis : A Cultural History 1906: 1769:, wherein Betz dominated Moran. 1677:United States Tennis Association 983:1905: Australasian Championships 792:1881: U.S. National Championship 760:United States Tennis Association 4429: 4404:International Tennis Federation 3409:Henderson, Jon (15 June 2008). 3340:International Tennis Federation 3105:. wimbledon.org. Archived from 3079:. wimbledon.org. Archived from 3056:International Tennis Federation 2633:Lawn Tennis and Major T. H. Gem 2306:Official Encyclopedia of Tennis 1805:Pacific Southwest Championships 1463:World Championship Tennis (WCT) 1154:International Tennis Federation 1136:International Tennis Federation 263:Trattato del Giuoco della Palla 143:International Tennis Federation 3488:THE GAME My 40 Years in Tennis 3448:Fédération Française de Tennis 3439:Roland Garros Official Website 2884:. Etymonline.com. 10 June 1927 985:1927: Australian Championships 895:1928: Tournoi de Roland Garros 482:, a solicitor, and his friend 1: 4658:Sports originating in England 2882:"Online Etymology Dictionary" 2772:The Beginnings Of Lawn Tennis 2731:"23 February 1874 in History" 2278:Whitman, Malcolm D. (2004) . 1937:Tennis at the Summer Olympics 1309:U.S. Pro Tennis Championships 1289:Pro Championships (Pro Slams) 1274:U.S. Pro Tennis Championships 406:St Michael's Church, Coventry 2786:The Original Rules of Tennis 2719:Leamington Tennis Court Club 2673:E. M. Halliday (June 1971). 2356:Gillmeister, Heiner (1998). 2247:Gillmeister, Heiner (1998). 2216:Gillmeister, Heiner (1998). 1977:Gillmeister, Heiner (1998). 1635:in the same calendar year. 1431:National Tennis League (NTL) 769:, was first held in 1881 at 657:The Championships, Wimbledon 512:, and a meeting at London's 324:, published in February 1874 128:The Championships, Wimbledon 2535:The Encyclopedia of Tennisp 2145:Kate Magee (10 July 2008). 1722:Women's professional tennis 1704:ATP World Tour Masters 1000 1669:USTA National Tennis Center 931:1927: Stade Français, Paris 927:1925: Stade Français, Paris 891:1891: Championnat de France 385:but suffered under English 4674: 4399:Women's Tennis Association 3620:The Encyclopedia of Tennis 3272:"Davis Cup by BNP Paribas" 2950:Palmatier, Robert (1995). 2568:The Encyclopedia of Tennis 1842:Women's Tennis Association 1803:In 1970, promoter for the 1516: 1344: 1337: 1292: 1256: 1179: 1077: 958:History of Australian Open 955: 868: 731: 649: 534:Tennis: A Cultural History 209:The Second Shepherds' Play 4507:Australian rules football 4492: 4412: 3709: 3398:. ESPN. 14 December 1967. 3234:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2337:. University of Rochester 1892:, a non-profit museum in 1738:headlined a tour against 1529:Grand Prix tennis circuit 1519:Grand Prix tennis circuit 1340:Open era (disambiguation) 525: 463:The lawyer and memoirist 145:, also known as the ITF. 3508:Press & Sun-Bulletin 3297:History of The Davis Cup 2653:"Leamington Tennis Club" 2642:Birmingham Civic Society 2402:Clerici, Gianni (1976). 1817:, American publisher of 1761:to play a pro tour with 1629:French Tennis Federation 1217:The professional circuit 1188:Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman 676:1877: The Championships 652:Wimbledon, The Beginning 503:Walter Clopton Wingfield 372:Museo Thyssen Bornemisza 322:Walter Clopton Wingfield 310:Walter Clopton Wingfield 4259:Champions Tennis League 3547:"ATP corporate history" 3411:"Now I'd choose tennis" 3299:. Retrieved 2007-09-10. 2988:Bondt, Cees de (1993). 2704:Robertson, Max (1974). 2675:"Sphairistiké, Anyone?" 2638:9 February 2008 at the 2618:The True Home of Tennis 1320:Tournament of Champions 1313:French Pro Championship 542:Marylebone Cricket Club 514:Marylebone Cricket Club 501:In December 1873 Major 383:Austro-Hungarian Empire 124:Marylebone Cricket Club 118:Serment du Jeu de Paume 33:Players on Wimbledon's 4572:Professional wrestling 2784:Barrett, John (2010). 2706:Encyclopedia of Tennis 1927:Match fixing in tennis 1667:to a public park (the 1537: 1383: 1360: 1170:Juan Antonio Samaranch 1145: 987:1969: Australian Open 871:History of French Open 865:1891/1925: French Open 659:, were founded by the 565:Mary Ewing Outerbridge 460: 452: 422: 333: 325: 313: 203: 104:regularly played, and 38: 3833:electronic line judge 3502:"New grip on masters" 3342:(ITF). Archived from 2692:The History of Tennis 2603:Quennell, Peter, ed. 1894:Newport, Rhode Island 1673:Flushing Meadows Park 1665:West Side Tennis Club 1533: 1491:Earl "Butch" Buchholz 1374: 1358: 1326:. There was also the 1143: 1098:Boston, Massachusetts 952:1905: Australian Open 771:Newport, Rhode Island 740:Nahant, Massachusetts 458: 443: 356:The Death of Hyacinth 331: 319: 307: 197: 91:Henry VIII of England 32: 4502:Association football 4218:Billie Jean King Cup 3639:Max Robertson, p. 70 3316:on 30 September 2007 2580:John Astley (1885), 2386:Hahn, Thomas(1995). 1779:Harlem Globetrotters 1631:from playing in the 1395:Bournemouth, England 1324:Forest Hills, Queens 1301:Wembley Championship 748:Richard Dudley Sears 734:History of U.S. Open 546:Rules of Lawn Tennis 436:Birth of lawn tennis 352:Giambattista Tiepolo 157:and the Frenchwoman 106:Hampton Court Palace 4182:ITF Women's Circuit 4124:ATP Challenger Tour 3600:on 12 November 2006 3250:"Davis Cup History" 3052:"History of Tennis" 3032:on 6 September 2012 2862:on 20 December 2022 2507:The World of Tennis 2441:The World of Tennis 2172:. BookieBusters.net 2024:"Davis Cup History" 1831:Battle of the Sexes 1751:Sarah Palfrey Cooke 1708:Monte-Carlo Masters 1391:The West Hants Club 1367:began in 1968 when 935:Stade Roland Garros 708:1922: Church Road, 703:1877: Worple Road, 618:The four majors or 609:Amateur tournaments 490:and played it on a 338:William Shakespeare 255:Francis I of France 249:James I of Scotland 226:The Turke and Gowin 102:Mary Queen of Scots 4653:Tennis terminology 3535:. 4 November 1974. 3532:The New York Times 3474:The Canberra Times 3161:on 30 October 2007 3109:on 9 December 2010 2910:on 1 November 2007 2102:2007-10-31 at the 2013:, page 115 (2003). 1716:ATP World Tour 250 1712:ATP World Tour 500 1513:Grand Prix circuit 1361: 1221:In 1926, promoter 1146: 846:1924: Forest Hills 461: 453: 334: 326: 314: 245:Blackfriars, Perth 204: 39: 4648:History of tennis 4635: 4634: 4497:American football 4486:History of sports 4452: 4451: 4424:Tennis portal 4382: 4381: 4282: 4281: 4190: 4189: 4129:ITF Men's Circuit 4071: 4070: 4001: 4000: 3628:978-0-670-29408-4 3594:"History of USTA" 3346:on 26 August 2020 3336:"Fed Cup History" 3015:– Australian Open 2978:, page 13 (2006). 2679:American Heritage 2502:Schickel, Richard 2436:Schickel, Richard 1932:Tennis technology 1872:(2006–2010), and 1858:J.P. Morgan Chase 1625:World Team Tennis 1566:Željko Franulović 1465:and managed the " 1389:held in April at 1166:Philippe Chatrier 1070: 1069: 948: 947: 861: 860: 724: 723: 399:Tennis Court Oath 395:French Revolution 114:Tennis Court Oath 110:French Revolution 16:(Redirected from 4665: 4479: 4472: 4465: 4456: 4442: 4441: 4432: 4431: 4422: 4421: 4387:Governing bodies 4296:Intercontinental 4293: 4269:World TeamTennis 4203: 4082: 4012: 3796:serve-and-volley 3764: 3696: 3689: 3682: 3673: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3652:. Archived from 3646: 3640: 3637: 3631: 3616: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3596:. Archived from 3590: 3584: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3570:. Archived from 3564: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3523: 3517: 3516: 3504: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3465: 3459: 3458: 3454:on 4 July 2008. 3450:. Archived from 3430: 3424: 3423: 3406: 3400: 3399: 3386: 3377: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3362: 3356: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3332: 3326: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3312:. Archived from 3306: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3274:. Archived from 3268: 3262: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3246: 3240: 3239: 3233: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3210: 3204: 3198: 3192: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3157:. Archived from 3151: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3131:. Archived from 3129:"Women In Sport" 3125: 3119: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3103:"Roll of Honour" 3099: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3083:on 27 April 2009 3073: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3028:. Archived from 3022: 3016: 3010: 3004: 3003: 2985: 2979: 2974:Horn, Geoffrey. 2972: 2966: 2965: 2947: 2941: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2906:. Archived from 2900: 2894: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2878: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2858:. 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Davis 1082: 1076: 1071: 1056: 1051: 1030: 1025: 1013: 1008: 1000: 995: 986: 984: 982: 964:Australian Open 960: 954: 949: 938: 932: 930: 928: 926: 924: 922: 920: 912: 910: 904: 896: 894: 892: 890: 873: 867: 862: 847: 845: 840: 835: 830: 815: 807: 802: 793: 791: 755:Otway Woodhouse 736: 730: 728:1881: U.S. Open 725: 714: 707: 702: 694: 687: 679: 675: 654: 648: 646:1877: Wimbledon 636:Australian Open 616: 614:The Four Majors 611: 606: 578: 438: 430:squash racquets 421: 418: 416: 414: 391:Age of Napoleon 275:King Charles IX 243:In 1437 at the 234: 192: 171: 159:Suzanne Lenglen 155:Vinnie Richards 98:Falkland Palace 82: 79: 76: 73: 23: 22: 18:Tennis Open Era 15: 12: 11: 5: 4671: 4669: 4661: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4640: 4639: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4547:Figure skating 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4493: 4490: 4489: 4484: 4482: 4481: 4474: 4467: 4459: 4450: 4449: 4447: 4446: 4436: 4426: 4413: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4390: 4388: 4384: 4383: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4376: 4374:South American 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4345: 4343: 4339: 4338: 4336: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4313:Youth Olympics 4310: 4305: 4299: 4297: 4290: 4284: 4283: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4254:World Team Cup 4251: 4245: 4243: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4209: 4207: 4200: 4192: 4191: 4188: 4187: 4185: 4184: 4179: 4177:WTA 125 series 4174: 4173: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4147: 4141: 4139: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4120: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4094: 4088: 4086: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4065: 4060: 4058:Singles finals 4055: 4049: 4047: 4043: 4042: 4040: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4018: 4016: 4009: 4003: 4002: 3999: 3998: 3996: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3979: 3978: 3973: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3917: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3879: 3877: 3871: 3870: 3868: 3867: 3866: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3844:Controversies 3842: 3841: 3840: 3835: 3825: 3820: 3819: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3800: 3799: 3798: 3793: 3783: 3782: 3781: 3774:Scoring system 3770: 3768: 3761: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3701: 3699: 3698: 3691: 3684: 3676: 3668: 3667: 3656:on 18 May 2007 3641: 3632: 3611: 3585: 3574:on 19 May 2004 3559: 3538: 3518: 3513:Newspapers.com 3492: 3480: 3460: 3425: 3401: 3378: 3357: 3327: 3301: 3289: 3263: 3252:. daviscup.com 3241: 3205: 3193: 3172: 3146: 3120: 3094: 3077:"The Trophies" 3068: 3043: 3017: 3005: 2998: 2980: 2967: 2960: 2942: 2921: 2895: 2873: 2840: 2815: 2801: 2794: 2776: 2764: 2743: 2722: 2711: 2696: 2684: 2665: 2644: 2625: 2623:, 22 June 2005 2616:Tyzack, Anna, 2609: 2596: 2586:, p. 21, 2572: 2560: 2548: 2539: 2527: 2520: 2493: 2480: 2461: 2454: 2427: 2412: 2394: 2379: 2372: 2348: 2326: 2319: 2295: 2288: 2270: 2263: 2239: 2232: 2208: 2196:Etymonline.com 2183: 2168:The Sugarman. 2160: 2137: 2108: 2086: 2065: 2029: 2015: 2000: 1993: 1968: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1958: 1947: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1918: 1917: 1901: 1898: 1886:James Van Alen 1881: 1878: 1829:In the famous 1823:Virginia Slims 1815:Gladys Heldman 1794:Françoise Dürr 1732:Mary K. Browne 1723: 1720: 1684: 1681: 1640: 1637: 1587:1972 Wimbledon 1570:Clark Graebner 1548: 1545: 1517:Main article: 1514: 1511: 1499:Dennis Ralston 1495:Cliff Drysdale 1487:Pierre Barthès 1467:Handsome Eight 1410: 1407: 1335: 1332: 1303:, held at the 1293:Main article: 1290: 1287: 1257:Main article: 1254: 1251: 1243:Mary K. Browne 1218: 1215: 1180:Main article: 1177: 1174: 1158:James Van Alen 1137: 1134: 1078:Main article: 1075: 1072: 1068: 1067: 1062: 1059:Melbourne Park 1019: 993:Surface change 989: 973: 969:Melbourne Park 956:Main article: 953: 950: 946: 945: 940: 914: 902:Surface change 898: 881: 869:Main article: 866: 863: 859: 858: 853: 824: 800:Surface change 796: 782: 732:Main article: 729: 726: 722: 721: 716: 696: 681: 666: 650:Main article: 647: 644: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 601: 600: 596: 592: 589: 586: 577: 574: 496:Leamington Spa 484:Augurio Perera 465:William Hickey 445:Augurio Perera 437: 434: 411: 404:An epitaph in 397:, through the 233: 230: 191: 188: 170: 167: 100:in Fife where 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4670: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4587:Rowing sports 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4577:Rock climbing 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4494: 4491: 4487: 4480: 4475: 4473: 4468: 4466: 4461: 4460: 4457: 4445: 4437: 4435: 4427: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4414: 4411: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4391: 4389: 4385: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4346: 4344: 4340: 4334: 4333:Mediterranean 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4294: 4291: 4285: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4210: 4208: 4204: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4152: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4136: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4099: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4089: 4087: 4083: 4080: 4074: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4044: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4004: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3968: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3910: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3872: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3830: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3788: 3787: 3784: 3780: 3777: 3776: 3775: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3756: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3711: 3708: 3704: 3697: 3692: 3690: 3685: 3683: 3678: 3677: 3674: 3655: 3651: 3645: 3642: 3636: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3615: 3612: 3599: 3595: 3589: 3586: 3573: 3569: 3563: 3560: 3548: 3542: 3539: 3534: 3533: 3528: 3522: 3519: 3514: 3510: 3509: 3503: 3496: 3493: 3489: 3484: 3481: 3476: 3475: 3470: 3464: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3440: 3435: 3429: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3417: 3412: 3405: 3402: 3397: 3396: 3391: 3385: 3383: 3379: 3367: 3361: 3358: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3331: 3328: 3315: 3311: 3305: 3302: 3298: 3293: 3290: 3277: 3273: 3267: 3264: 3251: 3245: 3242: 3237: 3231: 3215: 3209: 3206: 3202: 3197: 3194: 3182: 3176: 3173: 3160: 3156: 3150: 3147: 3134: 3130: 3124: 3121: 3108: 3104: 3098: 3095: 3082: 3078: 3072: 3069: 3057: 3053: 3047: 3044: 3031: 3027: 3021: 3018: 3014: 3009: 3006: 3001: 2999:9789065503794 2995: 2991: 2984: 2981: 2977: 2971: 2968: 2963: 2961:9780313294907 2957: 2953: 2946: 2943: 2931: 2925: 2922: 2909: 2905: 2899: 2896: 2883: 2877: 2874: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2852:"Our History" 2847: 2845: 2841: 2829: 2825: 2819: 2816: 2812:. Blackburne. 2811: 2805: 2802: 2797: 2795:9781851243181 2791: 2787: 2780: 2777: 2773: 2768: 2765: 2753: 2747: 2744: 2732: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2715: 2712: 2707: 2700: 2697: 2694:– Mary Bellis 2693: 2688: 2685: 2680: 2676: 2669: 2666: 2654: 2648: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2634: 2629: 2626: 2622: 2619: 2613: 2610: 2606: 2600: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2584: 2576: 2573: 2569: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2552: 2549: 2543: 2540: 2536: 2531: 2528: 2523: 2521:0-394-49940-9 2517: 2513: 2509: 2508: 2503: 2497: 2494: 2491:, p. 143 2490: 2484: 2481: 2476: 2472: 2465: 2462: 2457: 2455:0-394-49940-9 2451: 2447: 2443: 2442: 2437: 2431: 2428: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2413:9780706405231 2409: 2405: 2398: 2395: 2391: 2390: 2383: 2380: 2375: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2360: 2352: 2349: 2336: 2330: 2327: 2322: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2307: 2299: 2296: 2291: 2285: 2281: 2274: 2271: 2266: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2251: 2243: 2240: 2235: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2220: 2212: 2209: 2197: 2193: 2187: 2184: 2171: 2164: 2161: 2148: 2141: 2138: 2134: 2122: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2098: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2075: 2069: 2066: 2054: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2030: 2025: 2019: 2016: 2012: 2011: 2004: 2001: 1996: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1981: 1973: 1970: 1963: 1952: 1949: 1942: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1919: 1915: 1914:Tennis portal 1909: 1904: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1870:Sony Ericsson 1867: 1863: 1860:(1996–2000), 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1827: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1775:Karol Fageros 1772: 1771:Althea Gibson 1768: 1767:Pancho Segura 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1741: 1740:Mary Hardwick 1737: 1733: 1729: 1719: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1621: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1579:Jimmy Connors 1574: 1573:Prix events. 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1536: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1520: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1471:John Newcombe 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1443:Andrés Gimeno 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1427:Owen Davidson 1424: 1420: 1416: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1382: 1379: 1373: 1370: 1366: 1357: 1352: 1348: 1341: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1328:Wimbledon Pro 1325: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1305:Wembley Arena 1302: 1296: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1260: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1240: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1216: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1183: 1175: 1173: 1171: 1167: 1161: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1142: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1094:Great Britain 1091: 1090:United States 1087: 1081: 1074:The Davis Cup 1073: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1047:. In 1912 at 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1020: 1018: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1004: 999: 994: 990: 988: 981: 977: 976: 972: 970: 965: 959: 951: 944: 941: 939: 936: 919: 915: 913: 908: 903: 899: 897: 889: 885: 884: 880: 878: 872: 864: 857: 854: 852: 851: 844: 839: 834: 829: 825: 823: 822: 819: 814: 811: 806: 801: 797: 795: 790: 786: 785: 781: 779: 774: 772: 768: 763: 761: 756: 751: 749: 745: 741: 735: 727: 720: 717: 715: 712: 711: 706: 701: 697: 695: 692: 691: 686: 682: 680: 677: 674: 670: 669: 665: 662: 658: 653: 645: 643: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 613: 608: 603: 597: 593: 590: 587: 583: 582: 581: 575: 573: 570: 566: 562: 560: 556: 551: 547: 543: 537: 535: 531: 523: 519: 515: 511: 510: 504: 499: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 476: 473: 471: 470:bowling green 466: 457: 450: 446: 442: 435: 433: 431: 427: 420: 409: 407: 402: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 379: 377: 373: 369: 366:, written by 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 344: 339: 330: 323: 318: 311: 306: 302: 300: 296: 292: 291:Hampton Court 288: 284: 279: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 250: 246: 241: 239: 231: 229: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 210: 201: 196: 189: 187: 185: 184:King Henry IV 181: 176: 168: 166: 162: 160: 156: 151: 146: 144: 140: 136: 131: 129: 125: 121: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 94: 92: 88: 68: 62: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 36: 31: 27: 19: 4616: 4592:Rugby league 4567:Martial arts 4542:Field hockey 4369:Pan American 4323:Commonwealth 4249:Wightman Cup 4145:WTA rankings 4092:ATP rankings 4076:Professional 3976:double fault 3961:Passing shot 3946:Groundstroke 3858:Match fixing 3713: 3658:. 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