1189:
1166:
665:
642:
1629:
49:
2589:
804:
4776:
4764:
1444:
Tenofovir disoproxil is generally well tolerated with low discontinuation rates among the HIV and chronic hepatitis B population. There are no contraindications for use of this drug. The most commonly reported side effects due to use of tenofovir disoproxil were dizziness, nausea, and diarrhea. Other
1399:
Tenofovir disoproxil is used for HIV-1 infection and chronic hepatitis B treatment. For HIV-1 infection, tenofovir is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for people 2 years of age and older. For chronic hepatitis B patients, tenofovir is indicated for patients 12 years of age
1737:
The initial form of tenofovir used in these studies had limited potential for widespread use because it poorly penetrated cells and was not absorbed when given by mouth. Gilead developed a pro-drug version of tenofovir, tenofovir disoproxil. This version of tenofovir is often referred to simply as
2709:
1525:
polymerase γ. In vivo tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is converted to tenofovir, an acyclic analog of deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate (dAMP). Tenofovir lacks a hydroxyl group in the position corresponding to the 3' carbon of the dAMP, preventing the formation of the 5′ to 3′
1733:
led to the investigation of PMPA's potential as a treatment for HIV infected patients. In 1997 researchers from Gilead and the
University of California, San Francisco demonstrated that tenofovir exhibits anti-HIV effects in humans when dosed by subcutaneous injection.
3571:
1468:(GFR). Discontinuation of tenofovir disoproxil can potentially lead to reversal of renal impairment. Nephrotoxicity may be due to proximal tubules accumulation of Tenofovir disoproxil leading to elevated serum concentrations.
2837:
2973:
2633:
Houghton SR, Melton J, Fortunak J, Brown Ripin DH, Boddy CN (2010). "Rapid, mild method for phosphonate diester hydrolysis: Development of a one-pot synthesis of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate from tenofovir diethyl ester".
1979:
Martin P, Lau DT, Nguyen MH, Janssen HL, Dieterich DT, Peters MG, et al. (November 2015). "A Treatment
Algorithm for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States: 2015 Update".
1492:, by decreasing atazanavir concentrations while increasing tenofovir concentrations. In addition, since tenofovir is excreted by the kidney, medications that impair renal function can also cause problems.
1693:
in the presence of sodium bromide, a further refinement of the original manufacturing route. The synthesis of the alternative ester in tenofovir disoproxil is completed by alkylation with the appropriate
2725:"Safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiretroviral activity of intravenous 9-[2-(R)-(Phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine, a novel anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy, in HIV-infected adults"
2966:
1604:
Tenofovir may be measured in plasma by liquid chromatography. Such testing is useful for monitoring therapy and to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity in people with kidney or liver problems.
312:
4826:
3755:
3760:
2074:
2587:, Holy A, Rosenberg I, "9-(phosponylmethoxyalkyl) adenines, the method of preparation and utilization thereof", published 1989-02-28, assigned to Czech Academy of Sciences
2606:
Brown Ripin DH, Teager DS, Fortunak J, Basha SM, Bivins N, Boddy CN, et al. (2010). "Process
Improvements for the Manufacture of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate at Commercial Scale".
3706:
2199:
2959:
737:
4841:
3178:
3091:
2829:
1851:
1530:
linkage essential for DNA chain elongation. Once incorporated into a growing DNA strand, tenofovir causes premature termination of DNA transcription, preventing viral replication.
4145:
838:
267:
3342:
779:
InChI=1S/C19H30N5O10P/c1-12(2)33-18(25)28-9-31-35(27,32-10-29-19(26)34-13(3)4)11-30-14(5)6-24-8-23-15-16(20)21-7-22-17(15)24/h7-8,12-14H,6,9-11H2,1-5H3,(H2,20,21,22)/t14-/m1/s1
1616:
and this was the chemical starting point for its first published synthesis which was included in patents to the compound. During drug development, attention switched to the
2496:
Kearney BP, Yale K, Shah J, Zhong L, Flaherty JF (2006). "Pharmacokinetics and dosing recommendations of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in hepatic or renal impairment".
3712:
3770:
3690:
1784:
1358:
3775:
2982:
1432:. The results revealed a 48.9% reduced incidence of the virus among the group of subjects who received the drug in comparison to the control group who received a
1345:. It is generally recommended for use with other antiretrovirals. It may be used for prevention of HIV/AIDS among those at high risk before exposure, and after a
3723:
3124:
165:
3745:
3729:
1275:
751:
1729:
In 1985, De Clercq and Holý described the activity of PMPA against HIV in cell culture. Shortly thereafter, a collaboration with the biotechnology company
2804:
3740:
3053:
3048:
1421:
3750:
1738:"tenofovir". In this version of the drug, the two negative charges of the tenofovir phosphonic acid group are masked, thus enhancing oral absorption.
4184:
4017:
2309:"Role of traditional risk factors and antiretroviral drugs in the incidence of chronic kidney disease, ANRS CO3 Aquitaine cohort, France, 2004-2012"
2082:
4796:
3661:
1566:
2554:
Holý A, Rosenberg I (1982). "Preparation of 5'-O-phosphonylmethyl analogues of nucleoside-5'-phosphates, 5'-diphosphates and 5'-triphosphates".
1931:
1722:. The patent filed in 1986 makes no mention of the potential use of the compound for the treatment of HIV infection but claims activity against
1261:
1775:
Tenofovir disoproxil is also available in pills which combine a number of antiviral drugs into a single dose. Well-known combinations include
4718:
4116:
4007:
2191:
1384:
2773:
1425:
1408:
Tenofovir can be used for HIV prevention in people who are at high risk for infection through sexual transmission or injecting drug use. A
2859:
Mouton JP, Cohen K, Maartens G (November 2016). "Key toxicity issues with the WHO-recommended first-line antiretroviral therapy regimen".
1565:
concentrations are reached after one hour. When taken with fatty food, highest plasma concentrations are reached after two hours, and the
2032:
3765:
3780:
3063:
2421:
4244:
3336:
3117:
2680:
2026:
1776:
1354:
1295:
771:
3790:
3674:
3058:
1715:
2285:
1802:. This allows the active metabolites to accumulate in those cells, leading to lower systemic exposure and potential toxicities.
1623:
derivative, tenofovir disoproxil, which was the subject of extensive process chemistry to provide a viable manufacturing route.
1303:
InChI=1S/C9H14N5O4P/c1-6(18-5-19(15,16)17)2-14-4-13-7-8(10)11-3-12-9(7)14/h3-4,6H,2,5H2,1H3,(H2,10,11,12)(H2,15,16,17)/t6-/m1/s1
216:
4604:
4567:
3800:
3785:
3565:
3545:
3463:
3448:
3436:
1506:
1377:
963:
859:
419:
297:
197:
3680:
2449:"The simultaneous assay of tenofovir and emtricitabine in plasma using LC/MS/MS and isotopically labeled internal standards"
1764:
form of tenofovir phosphonate, which is liberated intracellularly and converted to tenofovir disphophate. It is marketed by
1364:
Common side effects include nausea, rash, diarrhea, headache, pain, depression, and weakness. Severe side effects include
4754:
3102:
4177:
3110:
2781:
1065:
521:
1480:
and HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Tenofovir increases didanosine concentrations and can result in adverse effects such as
4735:
4133:
1145:
621:
2113:
3068:
1741:
Tenofovir disoproxil was approved in the U.S. in 2001, for the treatment of HIV, and in 2008, for the treatment of
1465:
2399:
4846:
4816:
4801:
2908:
2046:
1882:
1428:
to ascertain the effectiveness of providing people who inject drugs illicitly with daily doses of tenofovir as a
4806:
4217:
3957:
3867:
3735:
3696:
2812:
1413:
4162:
4723:
4170:
4121:
3717:
1788:
1690:
1417:
1350:
253:
1184:
660:
4338:
3795:
2707:, De Clercq E, Holy A, Rosenberg I, "Therapeutical application of phosphonylmethoxyalkyl adenines"
1647:
894:
1823:"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)"
4821:
4811:
4670:
4619:
4475:
3992:
3805:
3685:
3555:
3154:
1795:
1636:
1577:
1510:
1485:
31:
590:
2704:
2584:
1134:
4471:
3701:
3308:
2320:
1927:
1822:
1429:
930:
175:
2723:
Deeks SG, Barditch-Crovo P, Lietman PS, Hwang F, Cundy KC, Rooney JF, et al. (September 1998).
4600:
4563:
4315:
3810:
3669:
3541:
3459:
3258:
3137:
3001:
1757:
1640:
1542:
that is quickly absorbed from the gut and cleaved to release tenofovir. Inside cells, tenofovir is
1527:
1445:
adverse effects include depression, sleep disturbances, headache, itching, rash, and fever. The US
1161:
980:
637:
436:
260:
1628:
610:
48:
4665:
2996:
2951:
2884:
2686:
2521:
1695:
1388:
1346:
227:
2786:
2307:
Morlat P, Vivot A, Vandenhende MA, Dauchy FA, Asselineau J, Déti E, et al. (12 June 2013).
1711:
4098:
4093:
1383:
Tenofovir was patented in 1996 and approved for use in the United States in 2001. It is on the
4831:
3952:
3615:
2937:
2876:
2754:
2676:
2513:
2478:
2348:
2259:
2172:
2022:
2016:
1997:
1852:"Prescription medicines: registration of new generic medicines and biosimilar medicines, 2017"
1742:
1679:
1581:
1522:
1114:
922:
570:
336:
324:
147:
510:
17:
4836:
3977:
2927:
2917:
2868:
2744:
2736:
2666:
2643:
2615:
2563:
2505:
2468:
2460:
2338:
2328:
2249:
2241:
2162:
2154:
2143:"Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for preventing HIV in high-risk individuals"
2054:
1989:
1794:
Gilead has created a second pro-drug form of the active drug, tenofovir diphosphate, called
1689:
bond. Tenofovir is formed when the diethyl phosphonate group is converted to its acid using
1651:
1461:
1361:. It does not cure HIV/AIDS or hepatitis B. It is available by mouth as a tablet or powder.
1349:
or other potential exposure. It is sold both by itself and together in combinations such as
1201:
1054:
989:
886:
677:
445:
394:
371:
66:
1877:
1074:
530:
4768:
4492:
4254:
4053:
4012:
3172:
1765:
1730:
1570:
1558:
1450:
1409:
1365:
909:
904:
389:
379:
1554:
residue), the active compound that inhibits reverse transcriptase via chain termination.
2324:
2167:
2142:
1188:
1165:
664:
641:
4780:
4729:
4511:
4281:
4196:
4127:
3903:
3885:
3848:
3133:
3078:
2932:
2903:
2671:
2473:
2448:
2343:
2308:
2254:
2229:
1799:
1723:
1675:
1667:
1655:
1518:
1457:
2749:
2724:
4790:
4647:
4446:
4226:
3893:
3643:
3478:
3364:
2888:
2543:(8th ed.). Foster City, California: Biomedical Publications. pp. 1490–1492.
2509:
2277:
2075:"Teva Announces Exclusive Launch of a Generic version of Viread in the United States"
1953:
1543:
1446:
1177:
874:
830:
653:
349:
189:
40:
2690:
470:
4686:
4457:
4334:
4272:
4208:
4204:
4200:
3947:
3937:
3518:
3508:
3326:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3235:
3215:
3145:
2525:
2158:
1562:
1481:
1420:
combination decreased the risk of contracting HIV for high risk patients. The U.S.
1369:
1014:
601:
280:
275:
2872:
2464:
2333:
1760:
and is sold under the brand name Viread, among others. Tenofovir disoproxil is a
4695:
4587:
4553:
4539:
4534:
4329:
4290:
4286:
4277:
4073:
4048:
3987:
3972:
3967:
3631:
3598:
3513:
3493:
3288:
3268:
3247:
3194:
3162:
3086:
3017:
1745:
1617:
1551:
1338:
824:
803:
183:
4700:
4657:
4577:
4526:
4516:
4487:
4451:
4435:
4425:
4384:
4369:
4304:
4078:
4058:
4043:
4038:
4002:
3997:
3911:
3856:
3826:
3638:
3626:
3621:
3593:
3533:
3523:
3498:
3483:
3473:
3422:
3417:
3405:
3389:
3379:
3359:
3321:
3231:
3219:
3211:
2904:"Post-exposure prophylaxis for SIV revisited: animal model for HIV prevention"
2647:
2245:
1993:
1659:
1489:
1477:
1237:
1045:
916:
713:
501:
401:
4691:
4642:
4592:
4582:
4572:
4483:
4440:
4430:
4405:
4359:
4344:
4268:
4193:
4088:
4068:
4063:
4033:
3962:
3942:
3875:
3831:
3588:
3503:
3488:
3411:
3384:
3374:
3369:
3316:
3293:
3206:
3032:
1671:
1663:
1373:
943:
169:
2941:
2922:
2880:
2517:
2482:
2352:
2263:
2230:"Tenofovir: What We Have Learnt After 7.5 Million Person-Years of Use"
2176:
2051:
World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019
2001:
2758:
2740:
2192:"Preventive drug could reduce HIV transmission among injecting drug users"
2124:
1372:. There are no absolute contraindications. It is often recommended during
795:
4609:
4502:
4379:
4083:
3468:
3027:
2567:
1780:
1769:
1761:
1699:
1342:
1025:
481:
211:
2059:
1034:
490:
4353:
4324:
4299:
4263:
4151:
3982:
3528:
3298:
2407:
1613:
1539:
1433:
1000:
456:
4775:
2619:
4364:
3932:
3927:
1719:
1125:
948:
581:
2902:
Emau P, Jiang Y, Agy MB, Tian B, Bekele G, Tsai CC (November 2006).
1798:. It differs from tenofovir disoproxil due to its activation in the
1685:
as base to ensure selective O-alkylation, with the formation of an
27:
Antiviral drug used to treat or prevent HIV and hepatitis infections
1094:
550:
3242:
1787:(tenofovir disoproxil/emtricitabine/elvitegravir/cobicistat), and
1686:
1620:
1593:
1488:. Tenofovir also interacts with HIV-1 protease inhibitors such as
1260:
1251:
1105:
736:
727:
561:
1380:
and works by decreasing the ability of the viruses to replicate.
30:"Tenofovir" redirects here. For the newer tenofovir prodrug, see
3201:
3189:
1589:
1585:
1085:
541:
358:
330:
4166:
3106:
2955:
868:
343:
206:
3226:
3141:
1830:
1714:
at the
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the
1514:
134:
96:
2774:"FDA letter of approval (regarding treatment of hepatitis B)"
1517:, while showing limited inhibition of human enzymes, such as
125:
2447:
Delahunty T, Bushman L, Robbins B, Fletcher CV (July 2009).
1460:
and bone loss. Presentation of nephrotoxicity can appear as
1150:
626:
3756:
Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide
306:
238:
113:
90:
84:
75:
3761:
Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil
1456:
Long term use of tenofovir disoproxil is associated with
107:
3707:
Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide
2063:. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
319:
1385:
1320:
759:
C(Cn1cnc2c1ncnc2N)OCP(=O)(OCOC(=O)OC(C)C)OCOC(=O)OC(C)C
2375:(in German). Vienna: Österreichischer Apothekerverlag.
1817:
1815:
1576:
Tenofovir is mainly excreted via the kidneys, both by
4752:
1930:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
1424:(CDC) also conducted a study in partnership with the
131:
128:
110:
101:
87:
81:
69:
2661:
Vardanyan R, Hruby V (2016). "34: Antiviral Drugs".
1678:
is reacted with a phosphonic acid derivative, using
1453:
or liver damage due to use of tenofovir disoproxil.
1412:
examined the use of tenofovir for prevention of HIV
1337:
among others, is a medication used to treat chronic
122:
119:
104:
93:
72:
4679:
4656:
4635:
4628:
4552:
4525:
4501:
4470:
4418:
4398:
4314:
4253:
4243:
4234:
4225:
4216:
4026:
3920:
3902:
3884:
3866:
3847:
3840:
3819:
3660:
3607:
3581:
3564:
3447:
3435:
3398:
3352:
3335:
3307:
3257:
3171:
3153:
3077:
3041:
3010:
2989:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
1249:
1236:
1200:
1195:
1176:
1144:
1124:
1104:
1084:
1064:
1044:
1024:
999:
979:
954:
942:
929:
915:
903:
893:
885:
858:
853:
837:
823:
815:
810:
725:
712:
676:
671:
652:
620:
600:
580:
560:
540:
520:
500:
480:
455:
435:
410:
400:
388:
378:
370:
296:
291:
266:
252:
226:
196:
182:
164:
156:
146:
116:
78:
60:
55:
4827:Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors
2556:Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications
1783:(tenofovir disoproxil/emtricitabine/rilpivirine),
1546:to tenofovir diphosphate (which is analogous to a
1507:nucleotide analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor
3713:Dolutegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide
2141:Okwundu CI, Uthman OA, Okoromah CA (July 2012).
1779:(tenofovir disoproxil/emtricitabine/efavirenz),
1013:
469:
3771:Emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir alafenamide
3691:Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide
2541:Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man
1550:phosphate, as tenofovir itself already has one
1359:elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir
988:
444:
3776:Emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir disoproxil
3262:(Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI))
2983:Microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases
2811:. Dow Jones & Company, Inc. Archived from
4842:World Health Organization essential medicines
4178:
3724:Dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir alafenamide
3118:
2967:
2114:"Tenofovirdisoproxil Prescribing Information"
819:9-(2-Phosphonyl-methoxypropyly)adenine (PMPA)
8:
3746:Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil
3730:Dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil
2579:
2577:
1416:and found that both tenofovir alone and the
1387:. It is available in the United States as a
794:
609:
215:
39:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2147:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1922:
1698:derivative and this may be purified as its
1569:is increased by 40%. It is an inhibitor of
1513:, a crucial enzyme in retroviruses such as
4632:
4250:
4240:
4231:
4222:
4185:
4171:
4163:
3844:
3741:Doravirine/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil
3578:
3444:
3349:
3125:
3111:
3103:
3054:International Partnership for Microbicides
3049:International Rectal Microbicide Advocates
2974:
2960:
2952:
2608:Organic Process Research & Development
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1654:. Under these conditions, the reaction is
1422:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1378:nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor
1187:
1164:
1053:
663:
640:
509:
3751:Efavirenz/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil
2931:
2921:
2748:
2670:
2472:
2342:
2332:
2278:"Tenofovir: MedlinePlus Drug Information"
2253:
2166:
2058:
1073:
529:
4018:Zinc finger protein transcription factor
1982:Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
4759:
2830:"Drugs@FDA: FDA Approved Drug Products"
1811:
1710:Tenofovir was initially synthesized by
1509:(NtRTI). It selectively inhibits viral
1300:
1280:
1160:
1033:
968:
829:
776:
756:
636:
489:
424:
188:
2861:Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology
2601:
2599:
2228:Ustianowski A, Arends JE (June 2015).
2035:from the original on 8 September 2017.
2021:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 505.
1856:Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
1791:(tenofovir disoproxil/emtricitabine).
1178:
793:
654:
38:
2840:from the original on 10 November 2016
2824:
2822:
2729:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
2366:
2364:
2362:
2288:from the original on 10 November 2016
2284:. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2053:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
1934:from the original on 30 November 2016
1464:, acute kidney injury, or decline of
1133:
1113:
589:
569:
174:
7:
2202:from the original on 1 November 2013
427:Bis{methyl} ({oxy}methyl)phosphonate
279:
3766:Emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide
2805:"FDA Clears Viread for Hepatitis B"
2428:. U.S. National Library of Medicine
1960:. U.S. National Library of Medicine
1093:
1004:
549:
460:
3781:Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil
3064:Microbicides Development Programme
2672:10.1016/B978-0-12-411492-0.00034-1
1756:Tenofovir disoproxil can be taken
1515:human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
1426:Thailand Ministry of Public Health
1230:
706:
25:
1355:efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir
4774:
4762:
4154:. Formerly or rarely used agent.
3791:Lamivudine/nevirapine/zidovudine
3675:Abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine
3059:Global Campaign for Microbicides
2510:10.2165/00003088-200645110-00005
2198:. The Conversation Media Group.
1716:Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences
1635:Adenine is first reacted with a
1627:
1376:and appears to be safe. It is a
1218:
1212:
802:
694:
688:
65:
47:
3958:Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
3801:Lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil
3786:Lamivudine/nevirapine/stavudine
2234:Infectious Diseases and Therapy
2123:. November 2012. Archived from
2015:Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006).
1928:"Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate"
1308:Key:SGOIRFVFHAKUTI-ZCFIWIBFSA-N
1283:O=P(O)(O)CO(C)Cn1c2ncnc(c2nc1)N
784:Key:JFVZFKDSXNQEJW-CQSZACIVSA-N
4797:Drugs not assigned an ATC code
3681:Abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine
2663:Synthesis of Best-Seller Drugs
2159:10.1002/14651858.CD007189.pub3
1224:
1206:
700:
682:
1:
2873:10.1080/17512433.2016.1221760
2465:10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.029
2018:Analogue-based Drug Discovery
1662:occurring exclusively in the
1612:Tenofovir is a derivative of
1584:using the transport proteins
18:Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
2782:Food and Drug Administration
2334:10.1371/journal.pone.0066223
1650:, using sodium hydroxide as
1449:cautions potential onset of
1333:, sold under the brand name
971:({oxy}methyl)phosphonic acid
3556:Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)
2803:Shwiff K (11 August 2008).
2453:Journal of Chromatography B
4863:
3551:Tenofovir disoproxil (TDF)
3069:Microbicide Trials Network
2371:Haberfeld, H, ed. (2015).
2196:The Conversation Australia
1674:. In the second step, the
1538:Tenofovir disoproxil is a
1505:Tenofovir disoproxil is a
1466:glomerular filtration rate
1196:Chemical and physical data
672:Chemical and physical data
29:
4713:
4111:
3572:Discovery and development
3343:Discovery and development
3179:Discovery and development
2909:AIDS Research and Therapy
2648:10.1016/j.tet.2010.08.037
2498:Clinical Pharmacokinetics
2246:10.1007/s40121-015-0070-1
2190:Bourke E (14 June 2013).
2047:World Health Organization
1994:10.1016/j.cgh.2015.07.007
1883:European Medicines Agency
1476:Tenofovir interacts with
1341:and to prevent and treat
1316:
1291:
1271:
959:
801:
767:
747:
415:
46:
3868:Transcription inhibitors
3820:Pharmacokinetic boosters
3736:Dolutegravir/rilpivirine
3697:Cabotegravir/rilpivirine
3337:Protease Inhibitors (PI)
1600:Detection in body fluids
4636:Nucleic acid inhibitors
4152:initial regimen options
3718:Dolutegravir/lamivudine
3195:Enfuvirtide (ENF, T-20)
3173:Entry/fusion inhibitors
2809:The Wall Street Journal
1691:trimethylsilyl chloride
1418:tenofovir/emtricitabine
1351:emtricitabine/tenofovir
921:Tenofovir diphosphate (
3993:Portmanteau inhibitors
3886:Translation inhibitors
3796:Lamivudine/raltegravir
3566:Non-nucleoside (NNRTI)
3524:Islatravir (EFdA, ISL)
2923:10.1186/1742-6405-3-29
2834:www.accessdata.fda.gov
2422:"Tenofovir disoproxil"
1648:absolute configuration
4671:Peginterferon alfa-2a
4620:Tenofovir alafenamide
4008:Synergistic enhancers
3806:Lamivudine/zidovudine
3686:Atazanavir/cobicistat
3662:Combined formulations
3499:Zidovudine (AZT, ZDV)
3437:Reverse-transcriptase
3309:Maturation inhibitors
2741:10.1128/aac.42.9.2380
2585:US patent 4808716
1796:tenofovir alafenamide
1578:glomerular filtration
1511:reverse transcriptase
32:Tenofovir alafenamide
4615:Tenofovir disoproxil
4601:Nucleotide analogues
4564:Nucleoside analogues
3849:Uncoating inhibitors
3702:Darunavir/cobicistat
3542:Nucleotide analogues
3460:Nucleoside analogues
3259:Integrase inhibitors
3138:antiretroviral drugs
2815:on 8 September 2017.
2792:on 25 February 2009.
2665:. pp. 714–716.
2568:10.1135/cccc19823447
2410:on 8 September 2015.
2121:Gilead Sciences, Inc
1772:, abbreviated TDF).
1567:area under the curve
1561:is 25%, and highest
1557:In fasting persons,
1331:Tenofovir disoproxil
217:Tenofovir disoproxil
41:Tenofovir disoproxil
4316:Pyrimidine analogue
3841:Experimental agents
3811:Lopinavir/ritonavir
3670:Abacavir/lamivudine
3644:Elsulfavirine (ESV)
3479:Emtricitabine (FTC)
3365:Fosamprenavir (FPV)
3002:Vaginal microbicide
2325:2013PLoSO...866223M
2130:on 7 February 2013.
1988:(12): 2071–87.e16.
1641:propylene carbonate
1501:Mechanism of action
798:
339:(Prescription only)
315:(Prescription only)
43:
4740:Never to phase III
4666:Interferon alfa 2b
4138:Never to phase III
3284:Elvitegravir (EVG)
3279:Dolutegravir (DTG)
3274:Cabotegravir (CAB)
2997:Rectal microbicide
2459:(20–21): 1907–14.
2085:on 6 November 2018
1696:chloromethyl ether
1430:prevention measure
1404:HIV risk reduction
1389:generic medication
1366:high blood lactate
1347:needlestick injury
4750:
4749:
4709:
4708:
4548:
4547:
4466:
4465:
4414:
4413:
4394:
4393:
4160:
4159:
4107:
4106:
3953:Diarylpyrimidines
3656:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3632:Rilpivirine (RPV)
3616:diarylpyrimidines
3599:Delavirdine (DLV)
3494:Zalcitabine (ddC)
3451:nucleotide (NRTI)
3431:
3430:
3289:Raltegravir (RAL)
3269:Bictegravir (BIC)
3248:Fostemsavir (FTR)
3163:Lenacapavir (LEN)
3155:Capsid inhibitors
3100:
3099:
2867:(11): 1493–1503.
2642:(41): 8137–8144.
2620:10.1021/op1001337
2562:(12): 3447–3463.
2539:Baselt R (2008).
2079:www.tevapharm.com
1887:. 5 February 2002
1582:tubular secretion
1523:mitochondrial DNA
1328:
1327:
1262:Interactive image
1146:CompTox Dashboard
923:active metabolite
872:
792:
791:
738:Interactive image
622:CompTox Dashboard
362:
347:
334:
322:
310:
242:
209:
16:(Redirected from
4854:
4847:Czech inventions
4817:Isopropyl esters
4802:Carbonate esters
4779:
4778:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4758:
4680:Multiple/unknown
4633:
4629:Multiple/general
4399:Not TK activated
4251:
4241:
4232:
4223:
4187:
4180:
4173:
4164:
3978:Hydroxycarbamide
3845:
3639:Doravirine (DOR)
3627:Etravirine (ETR)
3622:Dapivirine (DPV)
3594:Nevirapine (NVP)
3579:
3484:Lamivudine (3TC)
3474:Didanosine (ddI)
3445:
3418:Tipranavir (TPV)
3406:Atazanavir (ATV)
3390:Saquinavir (SQV)
3380:Nelfinavir (NFV)
3360:Amprenavir (APV)
3350:
3232:Ibalizumab (IBA)
3127:
3120:
3113:
3104:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2953:
2946:
2945:
2935:
2925:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2826:
2817:
2816:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2785:. Archived from
2778:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2752:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2674:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2614:(5): 1194–1201.
2603:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2581:
2572:
2571:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2476:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2406:. Archived from
2396:
2377:
2376:
2368:
2357:
2356:
2346:
2336:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2225:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2170:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2118:
2110:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2081:. Archived from
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1924:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1827:nctr-crs.fda.gov
1819:
1666:ring and at the
1631:
1534:Pharmacokinetics
1462:Fanconi syndrome
1324:
1323:
1264:
1244:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1191:
1180:
1169:
1168:
1154:
1152:
1137:
1117:
1097:
1077:
1057:
1037:
1017:
1007:
1006:
992:
934:
877:
870:
867:
833:
806:
799:
797:
740:
720:
708:
702:
696:
690:
684:
667:
656:
645:
644:
630:
628:
613:
593:
573:
553:
533:
513:
493:
473:
463:
462:
448:
395:Ester hydrolysis
360:
357:
352:
345:
342:
332:
329:
321:
318:
308:
305:
283:
240:
237:
219:
208:
205:
192:
178:
141:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
80:
77:
74:
71:
51:
44:
42:
21:
4862:
4861:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4807:Gilead Sciences
4787:
4786:
4785:
4773:
4763:
4761:
4753:
4751:
4746:
4745:
4730:Clinical trials
4705:
4675:
4652:
4624:
4544:
4521:
4497:
4493:Podophyllotoxin
4462:
4410:
4390:
4310:
4255:Purine analogue
4236:
4212:
4191:
4161:
4156:
4155:
4143:
4128:Clinical trials
4103:
4054:Dexelvucitabine
4022:
4013:Tre recombinase
3916:
3898:
3880:
3876:Tat antagonists
3862:
3836:
3815:
3648:
3603:
3589:Efavirenz (EFV)
3568:
3560:
3489:Stavudine (d4T)
3450:
3438:
3427:
3412:Darunavir (DRV)
3394:
3385:Ritonavir (RTV)
3375:Lopinavir (LPV)
3370:Indinavir (IDV)
3339:
3331:
3303:
3261:
3253:
3207:Maraviroc (MVC)
3175:
3167:
3149:
3134:Antiviral drugs
3131:
3101:
3096:
3079:Clinical trials
3073:
3037:
3006:
2985:
2980:
2950:
2949:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2843:
2841:
2828:
2827:
2820:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2789:
2776:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2683:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2605:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2582:
2575:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2504:(11): 1115–24.
2495:
2494:
2490:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2398:
2397:
2380:
2370:
2369:
2360:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2291:
2289:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2227:
2226:
2215:
2205:
2203:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2153:(7): CD007189.
2140:
2139:
2135:
2127:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2098:
2088:
2086:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2029:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1835:
1833:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1808:
1766:Gilead Sciences
1754:
1731:Gilead Sciences
1708:
1610:
1602:
1571:cytochrome P450
1559:bioavailability
1536:
1519:DNA polymerases
1503:
1498:
1474:
1451:lactic acidosis
1442:
1440:Adverse effects
1414:before exposure
1410:Cochrane review
1406:
1397:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1267:
1242:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1172:
1148:
1140:
1120:
1100:
1080:
1060:
1040:
1020:
1003:
995:
975:
972:
967:
966:
932:
910:Phosphorylation
895:Protein binding
887:Pharmacokinetic
881:
875:
849:
788:
785:
780:
775:
774:
763:
760:
755:
754:
743:
718:
705:
699:
693:
687:
648:
624:
616:
596:
576:
556:
536:
516:
496:
476:
459:
451:
431:
428:
423:
422:
380:Bioavailability
372:Pharmacokinetic
366:
350:
287:
255:
248:
229:
222:
100:
68:
64:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4860:
4858:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4789:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4771:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4738:
4727:
4721:
4715:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4689:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4662:
4660:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4639:
4637:
4630:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4559:
4557:
4550:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4531:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4507:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4490:
4480:
4478:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4402:
4400:
4396:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4349:
4348:
4342:
4332:
4320:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4295:
4294:
4284:
4282:Valganciclovir
4275:
4259:
4257:
4248:
4238:
4229:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4182:
4175:
4167:
4158:
4157:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4136:
4125:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3908:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3890:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3872:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3853:
3851:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3827:Cobicistat (c)
3823:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3727:
3721:
3715:
3710:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3672:
3666:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3576:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3469:Abacavir (ABC)
3455:
3453:
3449:Nucleoside and
3442:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3409:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3347:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3265:
3263:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3239:
3223:
3209:
3198:
3185:
3183:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3159:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3107:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3083:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2947:
2894:
2851:
2818:
2795:
2764:
2715:
2696:
2681:
2653:
2625:
2595:
2573:
2546:
2531:
2488:
2439:
2413:
2378:
2358:
2299:
2269:
2213:
2182:
2133:
2096:
2066:
2038:
2027:
2007:
1971:
1945:
1898:
1869:
1858:. 21 June 2022
1843:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1800:lymphoid cells
1753:
1750:
1724:herpes simplex
1707:
1704:
1676:hydroxyl group
1670:carbon of the
1656:regioselective
1633:
1632:
1609:
1606:
1601:
1598:
1544:phosphorylated
1535:
1532:
1528:phosphodiester
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1473:
1470:
1458:nephrotoxicity
1441:
1438:
1405:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1370:enlarged liver
1326:
1325:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1257:
1255:
1247:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1182:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1157:
1155:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1130:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1110:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1090:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1050:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1010:
1008:
997:
996:
994:
993:
985:
983:
977:
976:
974:
973:
970:
962:
961:
960:
957:
956:
952:
951:
946:
940:
939:
936:
927:
926:
919:
913:
912:
907:
901:
900:
897:
891:
890:
883:
882:
880:
879:
864:
862:
856:
855:
851:
850:
848:
847:
843:
841:
835:
834:
827:
821:
820:
817:
813:
812:
808:
807:
790:
789:
787:
786:
783:
781:
778:
770:
769:
768:
765:
764:
762:
761:
758:
750:
749:
748:
745:
744:
742:
741:
733:
731:
723:
722:
716:
710:
709:
703:
697:
691:
685:
680:
674:
673:
669:
668:
658:
650:
649:
647:
646:
633:
631:
618:
617:
615:
614:
606:
604:
598:
597:
595:
594:
586:
584:
578:
577:
575:
574:
566:
564:
558:
557:
555:
554:
546:
544:
538:
537:
535:
534:
526:
524:
518:
517:
515:
514:
506:
504:
498:
497:
495:
494:
486:
484:
478:
477:
475:
474:
466:
464:
453:
452:
450:
449:
441:
439:
433:
432:
430:
429:
426:
418:
417:
416:
413:
412:
408:
407:
404:
398:
397:
392:
386:
385:
382:
376:
375:
368:
367:
365:
364:
355:
340:
327:
316:
302:
300:
294:
293:
289:
288:
286:
285:
272:
270:
264:
263:
258:
256:administration
250:
249:
247:
246:
244:
234:
232:
224:
223:
221:
220:
202:
200:
194:
193:
186:
180:
179:
172:
162:
161:
158:
154:
153:
152:Viread, others
150:
144:
143:
62:
58:
57:
53:
52:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4859:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4770:
4760:
4756:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4649:
4648:Brincidofovir
4646:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4627:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4551:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4500:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4459:
4456:
4453:
4449:
4448:
4447:early protein
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4386:
4382:
4381:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4306:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4239:
4235:DNA-synthesis
4233:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4188:
4183:
4181:
4176:
4174:
4169:
4168:
4165:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4027:Failed agents
4025:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3895:
3894:Trichosanthin
3892:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3839:
3833:
3832:Ritonavir (r)
3830:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3434:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3147:
3143:
3140:used against
3139:
3135:
3128:
3123:
3121:
3116:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:Organizations
3040:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2977:
2972:
2970:
2965:
2963:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2943:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2898:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2852:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2796:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2775:
2768:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2735:(9): 2380–4.
2734:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2716:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2682:9780124114920
2678:
2673:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2629:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2550:
2547:
2542:
2535:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2492:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2443:
2440:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2373:Austria-Codex
2367:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2319:(6): e66223.
2318:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2300:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2240:(2): 145–57.
2239:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2134:
2126:
2122:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2028:9783527607495
2024:
2020:
2019:
2011:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1975:
1972:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1933:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1886:
1884:
1879:
1878:"Viread EPAR"
1873:
1870:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1683:-butyllithium
1682:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1668:less-hindered
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1607:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1447:boxed warning
1439:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1403:
1401:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1315:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1179:ECHA InfoCard
1175:
1167:
1163:
1162:DTXSID9040132
1159:
1158:
1156:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1002:
998:
991:
987:
986:
984:
982:
978:
969:
965:
958:
953:
950:
947:
945:
941:
937:
935:
928:
924:
920:
918:
914:
911:
908:
906:
902:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
878:
866:
865:
863:
861:
857:
852:
845:
844:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
811:Clinical data
809:
805:
800:
782:
777:
773:
766:
757:
753:
746:
739:
735:
734:
732:
729:
724:
717:
715:
711:
681:
679:
675:
670:
666:
662:
659:
657:
655:ECHA InfoCard
651:
643:
639:
638:DTXSID9040132
635:
634:
632:
623:
619:
612:
608:
607:
605:
603:
599:
592:
588:
587:
585:
583:
579:
572:
568:
567:
565:
563:
559:
552:
548:
547:
545:
543:
539:
532:
528:
527:
525:
523:
519:
512:
508:
507:
505:
503:
499:
492:
488:
487:
485:
483:
479:
472:
468:
467:
465:
458:
454:
447:
443:
442:
440:
438:
434:
425:
421:
414:
409:
405:
403:
399:
396:
393:
391:
387:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
363: Rx-only
356:
353:
341:
338:
328:
326:
317:
314:
304:
303:
301:
299:
295:
290:
282:
277:
274:
273:
271:
269:
265:
262:
259:
257:
251:
245:
236:
235:
233:
231:
225:
218:
213:
204:
203:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
149:
145:
139:
63:
61:Pronunciation
59:
56:Clinical data
54:
50:
45:
37:
33:
19:
4822:Microbicides
4812:Hepatotoxins
4687:Filociclovir
4614:
4599:
4562:
4510:
4458:Tromantadine
4445:
4378:
4352:
4335:Trifluridine
4323:
4298:
4273:Valaciclovir
4262:
4148:
3948:Cyanovirin-N
3938:Calanolide A
3614:
3608:2 generation
3582:1 generation
3569:
3550:
3540:
3519:Elvucitabine
3509:Apricitabine
3458:
3399:2 generation
3353:1 generation
3340:
3327:Fipravirimat
3241:
3236:Semzuvolimab
3225:
3216:Cenicriviroc
3200:
3188:
3176:
3022:
2913:
2907:
2897:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2842:. Retrieved
2833:
2813:the original
2808:
2798:
2787:the original
2780:
2767:
2732:
2728:
2718:
2699:
2662:
2656:
2639:
2635:
2628:
2611:
2607:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2540:
2534:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2456:
2452:
2442:
2430:. Retrieved
2425:
2416:
2408:the original
2403:
2372:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2290:. Retrieved
2281:
2272:
2237:
2233:
2204:. Retrieved
2195:
2185:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2125:the original
2120:
2087:. Retrieved
2083:the original
2078:
2069:
2060:10665/325771
2050:
2041:
2017:
2010:
1985:
1981:
1974:
1962:. Retrieved
1957:
1948:
1936:. Retrieved
1889:. Retrieved
1881:
1872:
1860:. Retrieved
1855:
1846:
1834:. Retrieved
1826:
1793:
1774:
1755:
1740:
1736:
1728:
1712:Antonín Holý
1709:
1680:
1644:
1634:
1611:
1603:
1575:
1563:blood plasma
1556:
1547:
1537:
1504:
1496:Pharmacology
1482:pancreatitis
1475:
1472:Interactions
1455:
1443:
1407:
1398:
1395:Medical uses
1391:as of 2017.
1382:
1363:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1318:
931:Elimination
860:Legal status
854:Legal status
602:NIAID ChemDB
298:Legal status
292:Legal status
198:License data
160:Bis(POC)PMPA
36:
4726:from market
4696:Taribavirin
4588:Telbivudine
4554:Hepatitis B
4540:Tecovirimat
4535:Methisazone
4330:Idoxuridine
4291:Famciclovir
4287:Penciclovir
4278:Ganciclovir
4227:Herpesvirus
4218:Baltimore I
4199:(primarily
4149:recommended
4124:from market
4074:Lersivirine
4049:Capravirine
3988:Miltefosine
3973:Griffithsin
3968:Fosdevirine
3514:Censavudine
3144:(primarily
3087:CAPRISA 004
3018:Nonoxynol-9
2636:Tetrahedron
2400:"Tenofovir"
1938:29 November
1746:hepatitis B
1639:version of
1618:phosphonate
1552:phosphonate
1400:and older.
1339:hepatitis B
1245: g·mol
1185:100.129.993
1115:CHEBI:63625
990:147127-20-6
955:Identifiers
917:Metabolites
825:MedlinePlus
816:Other names
721: g·mol
661:100.129.993
571:CHEBI:63717
446:201341-05-1
411:Identifiers
402:Metabolites
184:MedlinePlus
157:Other names
148:Trade names
4791:Categories
4701:Moroxydine
4658:Interferon
4578:Lamivudine
4527:Poxviridae
4517:Rifampicin
4488:Resiquimod
4452:Fomivirsen
4436:Letermovir
4426:Amenamevir
4385:Cytarabine
4370:Sorivudine
4339:+tipiracil
4305:Vidarabine
4197:antivirals
4079:Lodenosine
4059:Droxinavir
4044:Brecanavir
4039:Atevirdine
4003:Seliciclib
3998:Scytovirin
3912:Elipovimab
3857:TRIM5alpha
3534:Stampidine
3439:inhibitors
3423:TMC-310911
3322:BMS-955176
3220:Leronlimab
3212:Vicriviroc
2844:9 November
2772:Shwiff K.
2705:US 4724233
2292:9 November
2089:6 November
1964:6 February
1954:"Stribild"
1836:22 October
1806:References
1752:Drug forms
1660:alkylation
1521:α, β, and
1490:atazanavir
1486:neuropathy
1478:didanosine
1250:3D model (
1238:Molar mass
1075:99YXE507IL
1046:ChemSpider
981:CAS Number
964:IUPAC name
905:Metabolism
726:3D model (
714:Molar mass
591:ChEMBL1538
531:F4YU4LON7I
502:ChemSpider
437:CAS Number
420:IUPAC name
390:Metabolism
4736:Phase III
4724:Withdrawn
4692:Ribavirin
4643:Cidofovir
4593:Clevudine
4583:Lobucavir
4573:Entecavir
4484:Imiquimod
4441:Maribavir
4431:Docosanol
4406:Foscarnet
4360:Brivudine
4345:Edoxudine
4269:Aciclovir
4247:activated
4237:inhibitor
4194:DNA virus
4134:Phase III
4122:Withdrawn
4099:Telinavir
4094:Palinavir
4089:Mozenavir
4069:Emivirine
4064:Lasinavir
4034:Aplaviroc
3963:Foscarnet
3943:Ceragenin
3504:Amdoxovir
3317:Bevirimat
3294:BI 224436
3033:BufferGel
3023:Tenofovir
2889:205930751
1672:dioxolane
1664:imidazole
1608:Chemistry
1374:pregnancy
1135:ChEMBL483
944:Excretion
933:half-life
796:Tenofovir
406:Tenofovir
254:Routes of
228:Pregnancy
176:Monograph
170:Drugs.com
4832:Prodrugs
4769:Medicine
4610:Adefovir
4512:assembly
4503:Vaccinia
4380:cytosine
4084:Loviride
3028:PRO 2000
3011:Products
2942:17132170
2881:27498720
2838:Archived
2691:75449475
2518:17048975
2483:19493710
2432:17 April
2404:DrugBank
2353:23776637
2313:PLOS ONE
2286:Archived
2282:MedlineP
2264:26032649
2200:Archived
2177:22786505
2168:11324012
2049:(2019).
2033:Archived
2002:26188135
1932:Archived
1862:30 March
1785:Stribild
1781:Complera
1770:fumarate
1768:(as the
1762:pro-drug
1758:by mouth
1700:fumarate
1343:HIV/AIDS
1321:(verify)
1026:DrugBank
938:17 hours
839:ATC code
482:DrugBank
268:ATC code
261:By mouth
243: B3
230:category
212:DailyMed
4837:Purines
4781:Viruses
4755:Portals
4354:thymine
4325:uridine
4300:adenine
4264:guanine
4203:, also
3983:KP-1461
3529:Racivir
3299:MK-2048
2933:1687192
2759:9736567
2526:6322957
2474:2714254
2426:Pubchem
2344:3680439
2321:Bibcode
2255:4471058
2206:17 June
1958:PubChem
1789:Truvada
1777:Atripla
1743:chronic
1726:virus.
1706:History
1658:, with
1614:adenine
1580:and by
1540:prodrug
1434:placebo
1368:and an
1243:287.216
1202:Formula
1035:DB14126
1001:PubChem
899:< 1%
876:WARNING
831:a602018
719:519.448
678:Formula
511:4587262
491:DB00300
471:5481350
457:PubChem
354:Rx-only
351:WARNING
323::
284:)
278: (
276:J05AF07
214::
190:a602018
4719:WHO-EM
4605:NtRTIs
4568:NARTIs
4365:FV-100
4117:WHO-EM
3933:BIT225
3928:Abzyme
3859:(gene)
3546:NtRTIs
3441:(RTIs)
2940:
2930:
2916:: 29.
2887:
2879:
2757:
2750:105837
2747:
2711:
2689:
2679:
2591:
2524:
2516:
2481:
2471:
2351:
2341:
2262:
2252:
2175:
2165:
2025:
2000:
1891:25 May
1720:Prague
1702:salt.
1637:chiral
1357:, and
1335:Viread
1276:SMILES
1126:ChEMBL
1095:D06074
1055:408154
1015:464205
949:Kidney
873:
752:SMILES
611:080741
582:ChEMBL
551:C13480
348:
335:
325:℞-only
311:
210:
142:
4556:(VII)
4419:Other
4209:D06BB
4205:S01AD
3921:Other
3904:BNAbs
3464:NRTIs
3243:gp120
3092:VOICE
2990:Types
2885:S2CID
2790:(PDF)
2777:(PDF)
2687:S2CID
2522:S2CID
2128:(PDF)
2117:(PDF)
1885:(EMA)
1687:ether
1643:with
1621:ester
1594:ABCC4
1573:1A2.
1296:InChI
1252:JSmol
1106:ChEBI
772:InChI
728:JSmol
562:ChEBI
4207:and
4146:DHHS
3202:CCR5
3190:gp41
2938:PMID
2877:PMID
2846:2016
2755:PMID
2677:ISBN
2514:PMID
2479:PMID
2434:2018
2349:PMID
2294:2016
2260:PMID
2208:2013
2173:PMID
2091:2018
2023:ISBN
1998:PMID
1966:2022
1940:2016
1893:2024
1864:2024
1838:2023
1681:tert
1652:base
1592:and
1590:OAT3
1586:OAT1
1484:and
1086:KEGG
1066:UNII
889:data
846:None
542:KEGG
522:UNII
374:data
166:AHFS
4472:HPV
4201:J05
3227:CD4
3146:J05
3142:HIV
2928:PMC
2918:doi
2869:doi
2745:PMC
2737:doi
2667:doi
2644:doi
2616:doi
2564:doi
2506:doi
2469:PMC
2461:doi
2457:877
2339:PMC
2329:doi
2250:PMC
2242:doi
2163:PMC
2155:doi
2055:hdl
1990:doi
1831:FDA
1718:in
1548:tri
1151:EPA
1005:CID
627:EPA
461:CID
384:25%
337:POM
281:WHO
97:ɪər
4793::
4732::
4476:MC
4245:TK
4130::
3234:,
3218:,
3214:,
3136::
2936:.
2926:.
2912:.
2906:.
2883:.
2875:.
2863:.
2836:.
2832:.
2821:^
2807:.
2779:.
2753:.
2743:.
2733:42
2731:.
2727:.
2685:.
2675:.
2640:66
2638:.
2612:14
2610:.
2598:^
2576:^
2560:47
2558:.
2520:.
2512:.
2502:45
2500:.
2477:.
2467:.
2455:.
2451:.
2424:.
2402:.
2381:^
2361:^
2347:.
2337:.
2327:.
2315:.
2311:.
2280:.
2258:.
2248:.
2236:.
2232:.
2216:^
2194:.
2171:.
2161:.
2149:.
2145:.
2119:.
2099:^
2077:.
2031:.
1996:.
1986:13
1984:.
1956:.
1901:^
1880:.
1854:.
1829:.
1825:.
1814:^
1748:.
1596:.
1588:,
1436:.
1353:,
1216:14
869:US
704:10
692:30
686:19
359:EU
344:US
331:UK
320:CA
313:S4
307:AU
239:AU
207:US
135:əl
126:ɑː
85:oʊ
4757::
4694:/
4607::
4603:/
4570::
4566:/
4514::
4486:/
4474:/
4454:)
4450:(
4387:)
4383:(
4347:)
4341:)
4337:(
4328:(
4307:)
4303:(
4293:)
4289:/
4280:/
4271:/
4267:(
4211:)
4186:e
4179:t
4172:v
4144:°
3732:°
3726:°
3720:°
3709:°
3693:°
3677:°
3574:)
3570:(
3548::
3544:/
3466::
3462:/
3414:°
3408:°
3345:)
3341:(
3250:)
3246:(
3238:)
3230:(
3222:)
3205:(
3197:)
3193:(
3181:)
3177:(
3148:)
3126:e
3119:t
3112:v
2975:e
2968:t
2961:v
2944:.
2920::
2914:3
2891:.
2871::
2865:9
2848:.
2761:.
2739::
2693:.
2669::
2650:.
2646::
2622:.
2618::
2570:.
2566::
2528:.
2508::
2485:.
2463::
2436:.
2355:.
2331::
2323::
2317:8
2296:.
2266:.
2244::
2238:4
2210:.
2179:.
2157::
2151:7
2093:.
2057::
2004:.
1992::
1968:.
1942:.
1895:.
1866:.
1840:.
1645:R
1254:)
1231:P
1228:4
1225:O
1222:5
1219:N
1213:H
1210:9
1207:C
1153:)
1149:(
925:)
871::
730:)
707:P
701:O
698:5
695:N
689:H
683:C
629:)
625:(
361::
346::
333::
309::
241::
168:/
138:/
132:s
129:k
123:r
120:p
117:ˈ
114:ə
111:s
108:ɪ
105:d
102:ˌ
94:v
91:ə
88:f
82:n
79:ˈ
76:ə
73:t
70:ˌ
67:/
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
