854:
521:
498:
42:
6761:
1531:
In the United States between 2004 and 2009, prescriptions increased 50% from 3.1 million to 4.7 million, the market share of benzonatate among antitussives increased from 6.3% to 13%, and the estimated number of children under the age of 10 years receiving benzonatate increased from 10,000 to 19,000.
1171:
Safety and efficacy in children below the age of ten have not been established. Accidental ingestion resulting in death has been reported in children below the age of ten. Benzonatate may be attractive to children due to its appearance, a round-shaped liquid-filled gelatin capsule, which looks like
1257:
Despite a long history of safe and appropriate usage, the safety margin of benzonatate is reportedly narrow. Toxicity above the therapeutic dose is relatively low and ingestion of a small handful of pills can cause symptoms of overdose. Children are at an increased risk for toxicity, which have
1547:
Tessalon is a brand name version of benzonatate manufactured by Pfizer. It is available as perles (capsules). Zonatuss was a brand name manufactured by Atley
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Vertical Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Other brand names of benzonatate include Exangit, Tessalin, Tesalon, Tusical,
1532:
Throughout this same period, greater than 90% of prescriptions were given to those 18 or older. The majority of prescriptions were given by general, family, internal, and physicians with pediatricians account for about 3% of prescribed benzonatate.
993:
for awake intubation. However, there can be life-threatening adverse effects when the medication is absorbed by the oral mucosa, including choking, hypersensitivity reactions, and circulatory collapse.
2057:
Minhaj FS, Leonard JB (December 2021). "A description of the clinical course of severe benzonatate poisonings reported in the literature and to NPDS: A systematic review supplemented with NPDS cases".
1188:
It is not known if benzonatate can cause fetal harm to a pregnant woman or if it can affect reproduction capacity. Animal reproductive studies have not been conducted with benzonatate to evaluate its
1503:
Benzonatate was first made available in the United States in 1958 as a prescription medication for the treatment of cough in individuals over the age of 10. There are a variety of prescription
2360:
McLawhorn MW, Goulding MR, Gill RK, Michele TM (January 2013). "Analysis of benzonatate overdoses among adults and children from 1969-2010 by the United States Food and Drug
Administration".
1172:
candy. Chewing or sucking of a single capsule can cause death of a small child. Signs and symptoms can occur rapidly after ingestion (within 15–20 minutes) and include restlessness, tremors,
1136:
toxicity, both of which have similar symptoms. There is a potential for these adverse effects to occur at a therapeutic dose, that is, a single capsule, if chewed or sucked on in the mouth.
1479:
g/mol. However, the reference standard for benzonatate is a mixture of n-ethoxy compounds, differing in the abundance of 7 to 9 repeating units, with an average molecular weight of 612.23
6739:
6690:
953:. Most of the studies on benzonatate are decades old and were conducted shortly after its introduction. The systematic review concluded that there is inadequate evidence to support the
5455:
5300:
1084:, have fallen out of favor due to allergies associated with their metabolites. Similarly, severe hypersensitivity reactions to benzonatate have been reported and include symptoms of
2587:
2719:
168:
645:
6507:
3687:
629:
InChI=1S/C30H53NO11/c1-3-4-9-31-29-7-5-28(6-8-29)30(32)42-27-26-41-25-24-40-23-22-39-21-20-38-19-18-37-17-16-36-15-14-35-13-12-34-11-10-33-2/h5-8,31H,3-4,9-27H2,1-2H3
72:
601:
1144:
Isolated cases of bizarre behavior, mental confusion, and visual hallucinations have been reported during concurrent use with other prescribed medications.
3304:
1401:(BChE) to the metabolite 4-(butylamino)benzoic acid (BABA) as well as polyethylene glycol monomethyl ethers. Like many other local anesthetic esters, the
1265:
Due to increasing usage of benzonatate and rapid onset of symptoms, there are accumulating cases of benzonatate overdose deaths, especially in children.
2712:
1254:
hour of ingestion. Treatment focuses on removal of gastric contents and on managing symptoms of sedation, convulsions, apnea, and cardiac arrhythmia.
2588:"FDA Drug Safety Communication: Death resulting from overdose after accidental ingestion of Tessalon (benzonatate) by children under 10 years of age"
1258:
occurred with administration of only one or two capsules. Following cardiopulmonary collapse with benzonatate overdose, most people have significant
1040:
Sedation, a feeling of numbness in the chest, sensation of burning in the eyes, a vague "chilly" sensation, itchiness, and rashes are also possible.
587:
6676:
5166:
3631:
3597:
3248:
2226:
1587:
906:
5606:
5584:
3680:
2705:
5479:
1409:
may have an increased sensitivity to benzonatate as this hydrolysis is impaired, leading to increased levels of circulating medication.
6408:
3713:
4334:
2196:
621:
6811:
4678:
1722:
1696:
6781:
5369:
5189:
3673:
3297:
1406:
961:
of benzonatate and emphasized rising safety concerns surrounding the drug. It further concluded that there is a need for large
275:
198:
104:
2260:
5936:
5666:
3506:
3064:
933:
of the literature of benzonatate for cough was published in 2023. The review identified 37 relevant articles including 21
6751:
6735:
2593:
1305:
800:
397:
1116:. Rapid development of numbness of the tongue and choking can occur. In severe cases, excessive absorption can lead to
833:
Benzonatate was discovered in 1956 and was approved for medical use in the United States in 1958. It is available as a
123:
6715:
3648:
3265:
966:
477:
6801:
6796:
3290:
807:
2675:
1515:, but have unwanted side effects and potential of abuse and diversion. However, benzonatate is currently the only
926:, more than 29 clinical studies have assessed benzonatate for the treatment of cough in more than 2,100 patients.
6806:
6701:
6275:
5598:
5496:
5180:
4692:
2649:
916:, benzonatate has been reported to be more effective in reducing the frequency of induced cough in experiments.
6603:
6521:
6422:
6339:
6208:
5631:
5528:
5360:
5129:
3282:
1413:
2865:
346:
905:
Benzonatate also reduces the consistency and volume of sputum production associated with cough in those with
6549:
6485:
5821:
3727:
3636:
3253:
3008:
3004:
2791:
2787:
1425:
134:
516:
6791:
6353:
6289:
5680:
4646:
4637:
4201:
4188:
4170:
4112:
3736:
3318:
2802:
1516:
1421:
1308:
1302:
1145:
1065:
803:
466:
161:
1611:"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)"
6786:
6572:
6567:
6557:
6317:
6218:
3602:
2759:
1417:
1398:
1387:
337:
5796:
4251:
1096:. These reactions are possibly associated with chewing, sucking, or crushing the capsule in the mouth.
853:
4122:
2404:"Tessalon, Tessalon Perles (benzonatate) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
1021:
Hypersensitivity to benzonatate or any related compounds is a contraindication to its administration.
841:. In 2021, it was the 158th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3
5911:
4442:
4377:
4357:
3607:
2950:
2066:
1610:
1429:
1259:
1129:
1093:
784:
244:
4180:
4175:
4132:
3842:
3782:
1535:
In 2021, it was the 158th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3
837:. Availability worldwide is limited, with the drug remaining marketed only in the United States and
6562:
4700:
4246:
4104:
3343:
3095:
2969:
2783:
1445:
1379:
1149:
1007:
962:
874:. It has been found to improve cough associated with a variety of respiratory conditions including
748:
690:
493:
292:
141:
6641:
5262:
4007:
3952:
3947:
3912:
2403:
6123:
5886:
5816:
4972:
4967:
4870:
4745:
4602:
4577:
4477:
4347:
4221:
4069:
4032:
3932:
3927:
3827:
3812:
3807:
3772:
2385:
2090:
1998:
1796:
1492:
1359:
1331:
1010:
834:
760:
5442:
4865:
4840:
4755:
4402:
4392:
3982:
3972:
3942:
3937:
3902:
3857:
3802:
3792:
3787:
1246:(tachycardia), and in severe cases, coma and death. Symptoms develop rapidly, typically within 5
6325:
5447:
5427:
5412:
5382:
4800:
4710:
4142:
4047:
4037:
4017:
3997:
3977:
3500:
6621:
6361:
6232:
6118:
6113:
6098:
5906:
5550:
5422:
5402:
4669:
4562:
4316:
4099:
3696:
2925:
2774:
2754:
2631:
2558:
2525:
2377:
2319:
2222:
2216:
2192:
2186:
2167:
2082:
2030:
1990:
1940:
1788:
1583:
1577:
1456:
1355:
1227:
1125:
930:
923:
819:
732:
678:
54:
4850:
4830:
4226:
4206:
1970:
1771:
Homsi J, Walsh D, Nelson KA (November 2001). "Important drugs for cough in advanced cancer".
1104:
Benzonatate should be swallowed whole. Crushing or sucking on the liquid-filled capsule, or "
1029:
Benzonatate is generally well-tolerated if the liquid-capsule is swallowed intact. Potential
446:
6399:
6143:
5896:
5811:
5611:
5465:
5330:
5119:
5114:
4457:
4211:
3313:
3170:
3029:
2975:
2817:
2515:
2369:
2159:
2074:
1982:
1930:
1922:
1780:
1472:
1323:
1312:
1298:
1274:
1204:
1133:
1109:
986:
796:
533:
257:
226:
157:
6381:
1523:
and its usage has been rapidly increasing. The exact reasons of this increase are unclear.
406:
301:
6765:
6651:
6646:
6616:
6445:
6440:
6043:
6008:
5998:
5963:
5570:
5545:
5012:
4705:
4587:
4231:
4157:
3742:
3704:
3537:
3459:
3396:
3391:
3130:
2837:
2822:
2806:
2749:
2741:
1319:
386:
234:
520:
497:
2070:
1037:
Constipation, dizziness, fatigue, stuffy nose, nausea, headache are frequently reported.
6626:
6582:
6173:
6073:
5983:
5657:
5513:
5257:
5212:
4957:
4947:
4567:
4487:
4117:
4084:
3987:
3642:
3421:
3371:
3259:
2980:
2955:
2845:
2728:
1935:
1910:
1235:
1189:
1081:
1030:
938:
752:
740:
1483:
g/mol. There is also evidence that the compound is not uniform between manufacturers.
689:
of benzonatate for cough and highlighted rising safety concerns. Benzonatate is taken
6775:
6636:
6529:
6475:
6460:
6246:
6183:
5916:
5861:
5856:
5846:
5801:
5621:
5555:
5407:
5217:
5202:
5047:
4740:
4622:
4462:
4342:
4321:
4296:
4216:
3837:
3832:
3546:
3464:
3220:
3205:
3125:
3044:
3024:
3014:
2990:
2860:
2812:
2094:
2002:
1969:
Costantino RC, Leonard J, Gorman EF, Ventura D, Baltz A, Gressler LE (October 2023).
1412:
Aside from oral administration, benzonatate has also been used by a variety of other
1371:
1351:
954:
792:
736:
728:
720:
682:
509:
213:
96:
2697:
2389:
1800:
1579:
The
Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies
6256:
6168:
6158:
6068:
6003:
5901:
5831:
5766:
5756:
5711:
5335:
5320:
5267:
5222:
5077:
5032:
5017:
5007:
4992:
4932:
4572:
4552:
4492:
4042:
3897:
3757:
3441:
3411:
3376:
3324:
3140:
3135:
3115:
3085:
3049:
2875:
2797:
2732:
2502:
Bishop-Freeman SC, Shonsey EM, Friederich LW, Beuhler MC, Winecker RE (June 2017).
2285:
2185:
Walsh TD, Caraceni AT, Fainsinger R, Foley KM, Glare P, Goh C, et al. (2008).
2113:
1878:
1441:
1347:
1339:
1311:. After absorption and circulation to the respiratory tract, benzonatate acts as a
1286:
1216:
1121:
1117:
1089:
1085:
950:
934:
891:
887:
811:
780:
776:
181:
176:
82:
2252:
1108:," will cause release of benzonatate from the capsule and can produce a temporary
326:
6307:
6261:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6053:
6038:
6033:
5988:
5967:
5959:
5871:
5866:
5851:
5836:
5771:
5716:
5292:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5252:
5237:
5227:
5207:
5109:
5092:
5082:
5072:
5062:
5057:
5027:
5002:
4997:
4977:
4962:
4927:
4912:
4875:
4810:
4770:
4760:
4617:
4612:
4597:
4582:
4522:
4387:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4271:
4266:
4147:
4094:
4089:
4074:
3917:
3892:
3882:
3872:
3862:
3852:
3767:
3762:
3752:
3612:
3571:
3556:
3541:
3533:
3484:
3386:
3215:
3180:
3080:
3039:
3000:
2960:
2905:
2779:
1520:
1508:
1452:
1316:
1243:
1113:
958:
946:
895:
772:
704:
686:
153:
90:
5456:
5301:
2546:
2310:
Estfan B, LeGrand S (November 2004). "Management of cough in advanced cancer".
2163:
1926:
17:
6611:
6539:
6534:
6470:
6465:
6455:
6450:
6430:
6251:
6240:
6236:
6203:
6088:
6083:
6058:
6048:
6023:
6018:
6013:
5954:
5944:
5926:
5921:
5891:
5881:
5841:
5806:
5761:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5726:
5691:
5616:
5560:
5537:
5505:
5432:
5392:
5350:
5340:
5315:
5287:
5247:
5232:
5152:
5147:
5087:
5067:
5052:
5042:
4907:
4897:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4805:
4765:
4720:
4715:
4627:
4607:
4547:
4537:
4467:
4447:
4432:
4422:
4412:
4397:
4382:
4372:
4362:
4352:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4276:
4256:
4236:
4162:
4152:
4137:
4127:
4079:
4027:
3962:
3887:
3877:
3867:
3847:
3822:
3817:
3797:
3777:
3747:
3617:
3581:
3576:
3561:
3479:
3474:
3449:
3431:
3406:
3401:
3351:
3225:
3210:
3190:
3185:
3175:
3165:
3155:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3059:
2985:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2855:
2078:
1986:
1468:
1402:
1278:
1231:
1220:
1208:
1173:
1160:
1132:. This may be due to a hypersensitivity reaction to benzonatate or a systemic
1073:
1061:
1048:
990:
942:
879:
827:
708:
670:
563:
377:
148:
2431:
1971:"Benzonatate Safety and Effectiveness: A Systematic Review of the Literature"
6631:
6577:
6493:
6376:
6366:
6297:
6226:
6188:
6163:
6153:
6078:
6028:
5973:
5949:
5876:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5736:
5731:
5721:
5706:
5565:
5437:
5417:
5397:
5387:
5345:
5325:
5242:
5037:
4952:
4942:
4922:
4860:
4845:
4835:
4795:
4780:
4750:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4651:
4592:
4542:
4532:
4527:
4512:
4502:
4482:
4472:
4452:
4427:
4057:
4022:
4002:
3967:
3957:
3922:
3907:
3566:
3551:
3528:
3426:
3361:
3200:
3150:
3145:
3054:
3034:
2915:
2827:
1226:
Benzonatate overdose is characterized by symptoms of restlessness, tremors,
1180:, and cardiac arrest. Death has been reported within one hour of ingestion.
1077:
899:
883:
788:
724:
712:
76:
33:
6508:
2635:
2562:
2529:
2381:
2323:
2171:
2086:
2034:
1994:
1944:
1792:
1495:
in 1956 and was introduced as an antitussive in the United States in 1958.
1354:
activity on the cough center in central nervous system at the level of the
1784:
989:
and the liquid inside the capsule can be applied in the mouth to numb the
6302:
6108:
6103:
6063:
5978:
5826:
5701:
5639:
5022:
4987:
4892:
4507:
4437:
4407:
4367:
4261:
4052:
4012:
3992:
3665:
3416:
3366:
3230:
3195:
3160:
3120:
3019:
2910:
2895:
2870:
2850:
2769:
2520:
2503:
1464:
1327:
1282:
1212:
1156:
1069:
1044:
977:
Benzonatate has been reported to have use in the suppression of hiccups.
823:
744:
716:
357:
118:
1827:
366:
41:
6371:
6193:
5993:
5518:
4917:
4855:
4517:
4497:
4193:
4064:
3469:
3454:
3381:
2965:
2764:
1512:
1105:
913:
768:
764:
312:
2373:
2210:
2208:
6197:
5310:
4982:
4902:
4785:
4775:
4557:
4326:
2995:
2939:
1911:"Nausea, vomiting, and hiccups: a review of mechanisms and treatment"
1504:
1335:
875:
867:
838:
457:
283:
2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26-Nonaoxaoctacosan-28-yl 4-(butylamino)benzoate
1405:
of the parent compound is rapid. There are concerns that those with
1076:. Procaine and tetracaine, previously used heavily in the fields of
2150:
Dicpinigaitis PV (April 2009). "Currently available antitussives".
426:
4937:
4790:
3520:
3333:
2934:
2900:
1460:
1239:
871:
852:
815:
756:
674:
586:
577:
437:
6435:
5138:
5100:
4883:
1343:
1177:
417:
5461:
Tooltip G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel
5306:
Tooltip G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel
3669:
3286:
2701:
1195:
It is not known whether benzonatate is excreted in human milk.
207:
113:
1618:
919:
Benzonatate does not treat the underlying cause of the cough.
6677:
5167:
5585:
482:
6513:
Tooltip Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
5480:
6409:
3714:
1556:
Benzonatate is available in the United States and Mexico.
1163:, could occur with benzonatate and should be considered.
1002:
Benzonatate is available in the form of 100, 150, and 200
4679:
5370:
5190:
969:
to assess the place of benzonatate in modern medicine.
681:
found that there is inadequate evidence to support the
652:
6749:
5667:
1043:
Ingestion of a small handful of capsules has caused
6700:
6675:
6668:
6602:
6595:
6548:
6520:
6506:
6484:
6421:
6407:
6398:
6352:
6338:
6316:
6288:
6274:
6217:
5679:
5665:
5656:
5630:
5597:
5583:
5527:
5495:
5478:
5359:
5179:
5165:
5128:
4691:
4677:
4668:
4636:
3726:
3712:
3703:
3590:
3519:
3493:
3440:
3342:
3332:
3073:
2933:
2924:
2836:
2740:
575:
562:
532:
527:
508:
476:
456:
436:
416:
396:
376:
356:
345:
336:
311:
291:
266:
256:
243:
233:
225:
197:
192:
167:
147:
133:
103:
89:
71:
63:
53:
48:
6702:
6276:
2541:
2539:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1155:(PABA) derivative local anesthetics, for example
609:O=C(OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOC)c1ccc(NCCCC)cc1
6340:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2426:
2424:
2355:
2353:
2218:Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
325:
6740:Transient receptor potential channel modulators
2617:
2615:
2613:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2221:. Medpharm Scientific Publishers. p. 109.
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
1885:. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
300:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1358:. However, there is minimal inhibition of the
1346:. This dampens their activity and reduces the
6682:Tooltip Transient receptor potential channels
5172:Tooltip Inwardly rectifying potassium channel
3681:
3298:
2713:
2676:"Zonatuss (Benzonatate Capsules USP, 150 mg)"
2650:"Zonatuss (Benzonatate Capsules USP, 150 mg)"
2582:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2572:
8:
5590:Tooltip Tandem pore domain potassium channel
2624:The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics
2551:The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics
2280:
2278:
2023:The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics
1766:
1764:
1374:effect of benzonatate begins within 15 to 20
771:on the capsule, releasing the drug into the
122:
32:
5488:Tooltip Calcium-activated potassium channel
2504:"Benzonatate Toxicity: Nothing to Cough At"
2432:"Benzonatate (Professional Patient Advice)"
2247:
2245:
2108:
2106:
2104:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1273:Benzonatate is chemically similar to other
1203:Benzonatate is chemically similar to other
673:that is used for the symptomatic relief of
6672:
6599:
6517:
6418:
6414:Tooltip Calcium-activated chloride channel
6404:
6349:
6285:
5676:
5662:
5594:
5492:
5176:
4706:4-Aminopyridine (fampridine/dalfampridine)
4688:
4674:
3723:
3719:Tooltip Voltage-dependent calcium channels
3709:
3688:
3674:
3666:
3339:
3305:
3291:
3283:
2930:
2720:
2706:
2698:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1571:
1569:
870:alternative for the symptomatic relief of
519:
496:
385:
2519:
2215:Schweizerischer Apotheker-Verein (2000).
2191:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 751.
2016:
2014:
2012:
1934:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1879:"Benzonatate Monograph for Professionals"
405:
4684:Tooltip Voltage-gated potassium channels
1390:of benzonatate has been reported to be 1
806:. It is theorized to work by inhibiting
6756:
5378:Tooltip ATP-sensitive potassium channel
5198:Tooltip ATP-sensitive potassium channel
1565:
1060:Benzonatate is structurally related to
626:
606:
492:
365:
280:
95:
510:
31:
5672:Tooltip Voltage-gated sodium channels
2286:"Benzonatate - Drug Usage Statistics"
907:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
759:. Overdose of only a small number of
465:
445:
81:
7:
5607:12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
2263:from the original on 15 January 2024
1397:Benzonatate is hydrolyzed by plasma
180:
4701:3,4-Diaminopyridine (amifampridine)
1382:and typically lasts between 3 and 8
857:100 mg generic benzonatate capsules
693:. Effects generally begin within 20
425:
316:
2312:The Journal of Supportive Oncology
2114:"Benzonatate Use During Pregnancy"
866:Benzonatate is a prescription non-
25:
6707:Tooltip Ligand gated ion channels
6281:Tooltip Epithelial sodium channel
2622:"In brief: benzonatate warning".
1407:pseudocholinesterase deficiencies
6759:
6345:Tooltip Acid-sensing ion channel
2557:(1562): 206–208. December 2018.
2508:Journal of Analytical Toxicology
2029:(1562): 206–208. December 2018.
1697:"Tessalon - benzonatate capsule"
1507:-based cough relievers, such as
1315:, decreasing the sensitivity of
822:to other local anesthetics like
550:
544:
40:
1350:. Benzonatate also has central
634:Key:MAFMQEKGGFWBAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
4163:Ziconotide (ω-conotoxin MVIIA)
1148:effects associated with other
808:stretch receptors in the lungs
553:
538:
1:
6736:Receptor/signaling modulators
4138:Leconotide (ω-conotoxin CVID)
3507:3-(p-Fluorobenzoyloxy)tropane
3494:ArCO2- (not para-amino or Ph)
67:Benzononatine; Egyt-13; KM-65
2594:Food and Drug Administration
1582:. Springer US. p. 138.
1306:voltage-gated sodium channel
1184:Pregnancy and breast feeding
1068:(PABA) class which includes
949:. The data were of very low
894:, opioid-resistant cough in
801:voltage-gated sodium channel
665:, sold under the brand name
2729:Cough and cold preparations
1262:or other end-organ damage.
6828:
5699:Antiarrhythmics (class I):
3598:Anesthetic/vasoconstrictor
2630:(1357): 9. February 2011.
2188:Palliative Medicine E-Book
2164:10.1016/j.pupt.2008.08.002
1927:10.2344/0003-3006-57.4.150
1463:local anesthetics such as
1056:Hypersensitivity reactions
810:, in turn suppressing the
795:is safe. Benzonatate is a
787:. It is unclear if use in
528:Chemical and physical data
6729:
6209:Tricyclic antidepressants
5218:Glibenclamide (glyburide)
3626:
3503:(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoyl)
3243:
2079:10.1177/09603271211030560
1987:10.1177/10600280221135750
1975:Annals of Pharmacotherapy
1773:Supportive Care in Cancer
1548:Tusitato, and Ventussin.
1362:at a therapeutic dosage.
642:
617:
597:
271:
39:
2866:Dembrexine hydrochloride
1033:of benzonatate include:
6812:Sodium channel blockers
5822:Eslicarbazepine acetate
3557:Cinchocaine (Dibucaine)
3319:sodium channel blockers
1539:million prescriptions.
1475:of benzonatate is 603.7
1426:intramuscular injection
1094:cardiovascular collapse
845:million prescriptions.
697:minutes and last 3 to 8
162:Sodium channel blockers
6782:4-Aminobenzoate esters
5566:Rottlerin (mallotoxin)
3697:Ion channel modulators
2798:Hederae helicis folium
2408:reference.medscape.com
1921:(4): 150–6, quiz 157.
1491:Benzonatate was first
1422:subcutaneous injection
1234:(cardiac arrhythmia),
1232:abnormal heart rhythms
1146:Central nervous system
1066:para-aminobenzoic acid
1051:, and death in adults.
985:Benzonatate acts as a
858:
739:can result in serious
3923:Ryodipine (riodipine)
3603:Bupivacaine/meloxicam
2760:Antimony pentasulfide
2253:"The Top 300 of 2021"
2065:(12_suppl): S39–S48.
1785:10.1007/s005200100252
1723:"Benzonatate capsule"
1418:rectal administration
1399:butyrylcholinesterase
1388:elimination half-life
1260:neurological deficits
963:observational studies
856:
5912:Valproate semisodium
4443:Carboxyamidotriazole
4378:Gabapentin enacarbil
4358:Arbaclofen placarbil
3608:Lidocaine/prilocaine
3417:Procaine (Novocaine)
2951:Acetyldihydrocodeine
1457:structurally related
1430:intravenous infusion
1130:circulatory collapse
939:experimental studies
922:According to a 2001
820:structurally related
785:circulatory collapse
6563:1,10-Phenanthroline
5120:Spooky toxin (SsTx)
4105:Tetrahydropalmatine
3096:Bibenzonium bromide
2152:Pulm Pharmacol Ther
2071:2021HETox..40S..39M
2021:"Drugs for cough".
1915:Anesthesia Progress
1499:Society and culture
1449:-amino-benzoic acid
1380:oral administration
1301:, benzonatate is a
1285:, and shares their
1215:, and shares their
1140:Psychiatric effects
1064:medications of the
775:, can also lead to
749:irregular heartbeat
669:among others, is a
36:
6573:7,8-Benzoquinoline
6568:4,7-Phenanthroline
6558:1,7-Phenanthroline
5934:Local anesthetics:
5466:ML-297 (VU0456810)
4973:Diallyl trisulfide
4968:Dextropropoxyphene
4871:Tetraethylammonium
4578:Pinaverium bromide
4348:4-Methylpregabalin
3653:Never to phase III
3270:Never to phase III
2926:Cough suppressants
2521:10.1093/jat/bkx021
1909:Becker DE (2010).
1703:. 20 November 2019
1360:respiratory center
1153:-aminobenzoic acid
859:
835:generic medication
733:allergic reactions
258:Duration of action
6802:Methoxy compounds
6797:Local anesthetics
6747:
6746:
6725:
6724:
6664:
6663:
6660:
6659:
6622:Meclofenamic acid
6591:
6590:
6502:
6501:
6394:
6393:
6390:
6389:
6334:
6333:
6270:
6269:
6144:RG7893 (GDC-0287)
5907:Valproate pivoxil
5797:Acetylpheneturide
5652:
5651:
5648:
5647:
5579:
5578:
5551:Meclofenamic acid
5514:Ethanol (alcohol)
5474:
5473:
5423:Minoxidil sulfate
5161:
5160:
4664:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4563:Otilonium bromide
4488:Ethanol (alcohol)
4252:ω-Conotoxin MVIIC
3988:Phenylalkylamines
3663:
3662:
3515:
3514:
3314:Local anesthetics
3280:
3279:
3239:
3238:
2775:Guaiacolsulfonate
2755:Ammonium chloride
2682:. 31 October 2016
2547:"Drugs for cough"
2374:10.1002/phar.1153
2228:978-3-88763-075-1
2120:. 10 October 2019
1981:(10): 1221–1236.
1589:978-1-4757-2085-3
1440:Benzonatate is a
1324:stretch receptors
1299:local anesthetics
1297:Similar to other
1275:local anesthetics
1205:local anesthetics
1017:Contraindications
967:randomized trials
931:systematic review
924:literature review
818:. Benzonatate is
679:systematic review
660:
659:
588:Interactive image
478:CompTox Dashboard
211:
158:Local anesthetics
116:
16:(Redirected from
6819:
6807:Secondary amines
6764:
6763:
6762:
6755:
6708:
6704:
6683:
6679:
6673:
6600:
6518:
6514:
6510:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6405:
6350:
6346:
6342:
6286:
6282:
6278:
5897:Sodium valproate
5812:Chlorphenacemide
5794:Anticonvulsants:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5663:
5612:Arachidonic acid
5595:
5591:
5587:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5462:
5458:
5379:
5375:
5331:Dextromethorphan
5307:
5303:
5199:
5195:
5177:
5173:
5169:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4675:
4647:L-type-selective
4458:Dimeditiapramine
4420:Others/unsorted:
4202:T-type-selective
4189:R-type-selective
4171:P-type-selective
4123:ω-Conotoxin GVIA
4113:N-type-selective
3743:Dihydropyridines
3737:L-type-selective
3724:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3667:
3340:
3322:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3284:
3171:Levodropropizine
3030:Levopropoxyphene
2976:Dextromethorphan
2931:
2818:Potassium iodide
2722:
2715:
2708:
2699:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2619:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2584:
2567:
2566:
2543:
2534:
2533:
2523:
2499:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2428:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2357:
2328:
2327:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2249:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2212:
2203:
2202:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2147:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2110:
2099:
2098:
2054:
2039:
2038:
2018:
2007:
2006:
1966:
1949:
1948:
1938:
1906:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1875:
1832:
1831:
1824:
1805:
1804:
1768:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1729:. 3 January 2024
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1693:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1615:nctr-crs.fda.gov
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1573:
1538:
1482:
1478:
1473:molecular weight
1451:, or long-chain
1393:
1385:
1377:
1366:Pharmacokinetics
1313:local anesthetic
1293:Pharmacodynamics
1253:
1249:
1240:absent breathing
1134:local anesthetic
1110:local anesthesia
1005:
987:local anesthetic
844:
797:local anesthetic
700:
696:
656:
655:
648:
590:
570:
555:
552:
546:
540:
523:
512:
501:
500:
486:
484:
469:
449:
429:
409:
389:
369:
349:
329:
319:
318:
304:
248:
216:
209:
206:
184:
126:
115:
112:
99:
85:
59:Tessalon, others
44:
37:
35:
21:
6827:
6826:
6822:
6821:
6820:
6818:
6817:
6816:
6772:
6771:
6770:
6760:
6758:
6750:
6748:
6743:
6721:
6706:
6696:
6681:
6656:
6652:Trifluoperazine
6647:Tolfenamic acid
6617:Flufenamic acid
6587:
6544:
6512:
6498:
6480:
6446:Flufenamic acid
6441:Ethacrynic acid
6413:
6386:
6344:
6330:
6312:
6280:
6266:
6213:
6044:Metabutoxycaine
6009:Diphenhydramine
5999:Cyclomethycaine
5964:Levobupivacaine
5671:
5644:
5626:
5589:
5575:
5571:Tolfenamic acid
5546:Flufenamic acid
5541:
5523:
5509:
5487:
5484:
5470:
5460:
5377:
5374:
5355:
5305:
5197:
5194:
5171:
5157:
5142:
5124:
5104:
5013:Norpropoxyphene
4890:11.1)-specific:
4889:
4683:
4656:
4632:
4588:Rhynchophylline
4338:
3718:
3699:
3694:
3664:
3659:
3658:
3643:Clinical trials
3622:
3586:
3538:Levobupivacaine
3511:
3489:
3460:Cyclomethycaine
3436:
3397:Metabutoxycaine
3392:Metabutethamine
3328:
3316:
3311:
3281:
3276:
3275:
3260:Clinical trials
3235:
3131:Diphenhydramine
3069:
2944:and derivatives
2943:
2938:
2920:
2832:
2807:Syrup of ipecac
2736:
2726:
2696:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2659:
2657:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2621:
2620:
2611:
2601:
2599:
2586:
2585:
2570:
2545:
2544:
2537:
2501:
2500:
2451:
2441:
2439:
2430:
2429:
2422:
2412:
2410:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2362:Pharmacotherapy
2359:
2358:
2331:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2294:
2292:
2284:
2283:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2251:
2250:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2214:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2149:
2148:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2102:
2059:Hum Exp Toxicol
2056:
2055:
2042:
2020:
2019:
2010:
1968:
1967:
1952:
1908:
1907:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1877:
1876:
1835:
1826:
1825:
1808:
1770:
1769:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1706:
1704:
1695:
1694:
1633:
1623:
1621:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1576:Elks J (2014).
1575:
1574:
1567:
1562:
1554:
1545:
1536:
1529:
1501:
1489:
1480:
1476:
1438:
1391:
1383:
1375:
1368:
1320:afferent fibers
1295:
1271:
1251:
1247:
1244:fast heart beat
1201:
1186:
1169:
1142:
1102:
1058:
1031:adverse effects
1027:
1019:
1003:
1000:
998:Available forms
983:
975:
864:
851:
842:
741:adverse effects
698:
694:
651:
649:
646:(what is this?)
643:
638:
635:
630:
625:
624:
613:
610:
605:
604:
593:
568:
558:
549:
543:
504:
480:
472:
452:
432:
412:
392:
372:
352:
332:
315:
307:
287:
284:
279:
278:
246:
235:Onset of action
227:Pharmacokinetic
221:
214:
188:
136:
129:
28:
23:
22:
18:Tessalon Perles
15:
12:
11:
5:
6825:
6823:
6815:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6774:
6773:
6769:
6768:
6745:
6744:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6723:
6722:
6720:
6719:
6711:
6709:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6694:
6686:
6684:
6670:
6666:
6665:
6662:
6661:
6658:
6657:
6655:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6627:Mefenamic acid
6624:
6619:
6614:
6608:
6606:
6597:
6593:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6586:
6585:
6583:Phenanthridine
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6554:
6552:
6546:
6545:
6543:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6526:
6524:
6515:
6504:
6503:
6500:
6499:
6497:
6496:
6490:
6488:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6427:
6425:
6416:
6402:
6396:
6395:
6392:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6358:
6356:
6347:
6336:
6335:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6328:
6322:
6320:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6294:
6292:
6283:
6272:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6265:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6231:Atracotoxins (
6229:
6223:
6221:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6191:
6186:
6177:
6176:
6174:Zetekitoxin AB
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6147:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6092:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6074:Proxymetacaine
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5984:Chloroprocaine
5981:
5976:
5971:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5930:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5790:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5695:
5694:
5685:
5683:
5674:
5660:
5654:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5642:
5636:
5634:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5603:
5601:
5592:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5539:
5533:
5531:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5516:
5507:
5501:
5499:
5490:
5482:
5476:
5475:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5468:
5451:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5372:
5365:
5363:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5296:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5258:Glyclopyramide
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5213:Chlorpropamide
5210:
5205:
5192:
5185:
5183:
5174:
5163:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5150:
5140:
5134:
5132:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5102:
5096:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4958:Clarithromycin
4955:
4950:
4948:Chlorpromazine
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4887:
4879:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4697:
4695:
4686:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4642:
4640:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4568:Paramethadione
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4343:gabapentinoids
4336:
4330:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:Non-selective:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4197:
4196:
4184:
4183:
4181:ω-Agatoxin IVB
4178:
4176:ω-Agatoxin IVA
4166:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4133:Huwentoxin XVI
4130:
4125:
4120:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4085:Cyproheptadine
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3843:Levniguldipine
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3783:Dexniguldipine
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3732:
3730:
3721:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3670:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3640:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3531:
3525:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3446:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3422:Proxymetacaine
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3372:Chloroprocaine
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3348:
3346:
3337:
3330:
3329:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3287:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3257:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2981:Dihydrocodeine
2978:
2973:
2963:
2958:
2956:Benzylmorphine
2953:
2947:
2945:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2846:Acetylcysteine
2842:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2800:
2795:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2746:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2702:
2694:
2693:
2667:
2641:
2609:
2598:. 28 June 2019
2568:
2535:
2514:(5): 461–463.
2449:
2438:. 4 March 2020
2420:
2395:
2329:
2318:(6): 523–527.
2302:
2274:
2241:
2227:
2204:
2197:
2177:
2131:
2100:
2040:
2008:
1950:
1896:
1833:
1806:
1779:(8): 565–574.
1740:
1714:
1631:
1602:
1588:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1528:
1525:
1500:
1497:
1488:
1485:
1437:
1434:
1378:minutes after
1367:
1364:
1294:
1291:
1270:
1267:
1236:cerebral edema
1200:
1197:
1190:teratogenicity
1185:
1182:
1168:
1165:
1141:
1138:
1101:
1098:
1082:anesthesiology
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1041:
1038:
1026:
1023:
1018:
1015:
999:
996:
982:
979:
974:
971:
935:cohort studies
863:
860:
850:
847:
763:can be fatal.
753:cardiac arrest
729:hallucinations
658:
657:
640:
639:
637:
636:
633:
631:
628:
620:
619:
618:
615:
614:
612:
611:
608:
600:
599:
598:
595:
594:
592:
591:
583:
581:
573:
572:
566:
560:
559:
556:
547:
541:
536:
530:
529:
525:
524:
514:
506:
505:
503:
502:
489:
487:
474:
473:
471:
470:
462:
460:
454:
453:
451:
450:
442:
440:
434:
433:
431:
430:
422:
420:
414:
413:
411:
410:
402:
400:
394:
393:
391:
390:
382:
380:
374:
373:
371:
370:
362:
360:
354:
353:
351:
350:
342:
340:
334:
333:
331:
330:
322:
320:
309:
308:
306:
305:
297:
295:
289:
288:
286:
285:
282:
274:
273:
272:
269:
268:
264:
263:
260:
254:
253:
250:
241:
240:
237:
231:
230:
223:
222:
220:
219:
203:
201:
195:
194:
190:
189:
187:
186:
173:
171:
165:
164:
151:
145:
144:
139:
137:administration
131:
130:
128:
127:
109:
107:
101:
100:
93:
87:
86:
79:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
57:
51:
50:
46:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6824:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6792:Glycol ethers
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6779:
6777:
6767:
6757:
6753:
6742:
6741:
6737:
6734:
6728:
6717:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6705:
6699:
6692:
6688:
6687:
6685:
6680:
6674:
6671:
6667:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6637:Niflumic acid
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6609:
6607:
6605:
6601:
6598:
6594:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6555:
6553:
6551:
6547:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6530:Glibenclamide
6528:
6527:
6525:
6523:
6519:
6516:
6511:
6505:
6495:
6492:
6491:
6489:
6487:
6483:
6477:
6476:Niflumic acid
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6461:Glibenclamide
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6424:
6420:
6417:
6412:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6397:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6357:
6355:
6351:
6348:
6343:
6337:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6315:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6295:
6293:
6291:
6287:
6284:
6279:
6273:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6257:Grayanotoxins
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6247:Batrachotoxin
6245:
6242:
6238:
6234:
6233:ω-Atracotoxin
6230:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6220:
6216:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6199:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6184:Buprenorphine
6182:
6179:
6178:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6149:
6148:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6094:
6093:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5969:
5965:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5939:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5917:Valproic acid
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5862:Oxitriptyline
5860:
5858:
5857:Oxcarbazepine
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5847:Licarbazepine
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5802:Carbamazepine
5800:
5798:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5689:Antianginals:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5682:
5678:
5675:
5670:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5655:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5633:
5629:
5623:
5622:Norfluoxetine
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5596:
5593:
5588:
5582:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5556:Niflumic acid
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5530:
5526:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5494:
5491:
5486:
5477:
5467:
5464:
5459:
5453:
5452:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5408:Levcromakalim
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5376:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5358:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5304:
5298:
5297:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5203:Acetohexamide
5201:
5196:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5182:
5178:
5175:
5170:
5164:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5127:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5098:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5048:Roxithromycin
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4885:
4881:
4880:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4741:Charybdotoxin
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4687:
4682:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4623:Trimethadione
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4463:Diproteverine
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4340:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4322:Ruthenium red
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4297:Levetiracetam
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4247:ω-Agatoxin TK
4245:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4217:Niflumic acid
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3838:Levamlodipine
3836:
3834:
3833:Lercanidipine
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3717:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3691:
3686:
3684:
3679:
3677:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3547:Butanilicaine
3545:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3315:
3308:
3303:
3301:
3296:
3294:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3221:Prenoxdiazine
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3206:Pentoxyverine
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3126:Dimethoxanate
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3045:Nicodicodeine
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3025:Levomethadone
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3015:Hydromorphone
3013:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2991:Ethylmorphine
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2861:Carbocisteine
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2813:Levoverbenone
2811:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2723:
2718:
2716:
2711:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2656:. 2 June 2010
2655:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2597:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2306:
2303:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2230:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2198:9781437721942
2194:
2190:
2189:
2181:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2158:(2): 148–51.
2157:
2153:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1828:"Benzonatate"
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1591:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1542:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1486:
1484:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1448:
1443:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1381:
1373:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1255:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1024:
1022:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1009:
997:
995:
992:
988:
980:
978:
972:
970:
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:effectiveness
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
927:
925:
920:
917:
915:
910:
908:
903:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
861:
855:
848:
846:
840:
836:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
802:
798:
794:
793:breastfeeding
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
721:upset stomach
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
692:
688:
684:
683:effectiveness
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
654:
647:
641:
632:
627:
623:
616:
607:
603:
596:
589:
585:
584:
582:
579:
574:
567:
565:
561:
537:
535:
531:
526:
522:
518:
515:
513:
511:ECHA InfoCard
507:
499:
495:
494:DTXSID9022655
491:
490:
488:
479:
475:
468:
467:ChEMBL1374379
464:
463:
461:
459:
455:
448:
444:
443:
441:
439:
435:
428:
424:
423:
421:
419:
415:
408:
404:
403:
401:
399:
395:
388:
384:
383:
381:
379:
375:
368:
364:
363:
361:
359:
355:
348:
344:
343:
341:
339:
335:
328:
324:
323:
321:
314:
310:
303:
299:
298:
296:
294:
290:
281:
277:
270:
265:
261:
259:
255:
251:
249:
242:
239:15–20 minutes
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
217:
205:
204:
202:
200:
196:
191:
183:
178:
175:
174:
172:
170:
166:
163:
159:
155:
152:
150:
146:
143:
140:
138:
132:
125:
120:
111:
110:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
56:
52:
49:Clinical data
47:
43:
38:
30:
19:
6787:Antitussives
6732:
6731:
6642:Talniflumate
6180:
6169:Tetrodotoxin
6159:Neosaxitoxin
6150:
6095:
6069:Propoxycaine
6004:Dimethocaine
5937:
5933:
5902:Valnoctamide
5832:Fosphenytoin
5793:
5767:Procainamide
5757:Pilsicainide
5712:Disopyramide
5698:
5688:
5536:
5504:
5454:
5368:
5336:Ethosuximide
5321:Cloperastine
5299:
5268:Metahexamide
5263:Glycyclamide
5223:Glibornuride
5188:
5137:
5099:
5078:Thioridazine
5033:Promethazine
5018:Orphenadrine
5008:Ketoconazole
4993:Erythromycin
4882:
4645:
4573:Phensuximide
4553:Ochratoxin A
4493:Ethosuximide
4419:
4341:-selective (
4333:
4243:
4200:
4187:
4169:
4118:ω-Conotoxins
4111:
4061:
4043:Norverapamil
4008:Dexverapamil
3986:
3960:derivatives:
3956:
3953:Vatanidipine
3948:Trombodipine
3913:Palonidipine
3898:Nitrendipine
3853:Mepirodipine
3758:Azelnidipine
3741:
3735:
3591:Combinations
3412:Propoxycaine
3377:Dimethocaine
3356:
3344:Aminobenzoic
3141:Droxypropine
3136:Dropropizine
3116:Cloperastine
3090:
3086:Benproperine
3050:Normethadone
3009:+homatropine
3005:+guaifenesin
2970:+guaifenesin
2876:Dornase alfa
2792:+oxomemazine
2788:+hydrocodone
2742:Expectorants
2684:. Retrieved
2679:
2670:
2658:. Retrieved
2653:
2644:
2627:
2623:
2600:. Retrieved
2591:
2554:
2550:
2511:
2507:
2440:. Retrieved
2435:
2411:. Retrieved
2407:
2398:
2368:(1): 38–43.
2365:
2361:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2293:. Retrieved
2289:
2265:. Retrieved
2256:
2232:. Retrieved
2217:
2187:
2180:
2155:
2151:
2122:. Retrieved
2117:
2062:
2058:
2026:
2022:
1978:
1974:
1918:
1914:
1887:. Retrieved
1882:
1776:
1772:
1731:. Retrieved
1726:
1717:
1705:. Retrieved
1700:
1622:. Retrieved
1614:
1605:
1593:. Retrieved
1578:
1555:
1552:Availability
1546:
1534:
1530:
1517:prescription
1502:
1490:
1446:
1439:
1416:, including
1411:
1396:
1369:
1348:cough reflex
1340:lower airway
1296:
1287:pharmacology
1272:
1269:Pharmacology
1264:
1256:
1250:minutes to 1
1225:
1217:pharmacology
1202:
1194:
1187:
1170:
1150:
1143:
1122:bronchospasm
1118:laryngospasm
1103:
1100:Improper use
1090:bronchospasm
1086:laryngospasm
1059:
1028:
1025:Side effects
1020:
1001:
984:
976:
943:case studies
928:
921:
918:
912:Compared to
911:
904:
892:pneumothorax
888:tuberculosis
865:
849:Medical uses
832:
812:cough reflex
781:bronchospasm
777:laryngospasm
705:Side effects
703:
666:
662:
661:
650:
644:
245:Elimination
199:Legal status
193:Legal status
154:Antitussives
105:License data
29:
6308:Triamterene
6262:Poneratoxin
6252:Ciguatoxins
6139:Raxatrigine
6134:Ralfinamide
6129:PF-05089771
6124:PF-04531083
6096:Analgesics:
6054:Piperocaine
6039:Meprylcaine
6034:Mepivacaine
5989:Cinchocaine
5968:Ropivacaine
5960:Bupivacaine
5887:Sipatrigine
5872:Pheneturide
5867:Phenacemide
5852:Mephenytoin
5837:Lamotrigine
5817:Elpetrigine
5772:Propafenone
5717:Dronedarone
5293:Tolbutamide
5283:Repaglinide
5278:Nateglinide
5273:Mitiglinide
5253:Glisoxepide
5238:Glimepiride
5228:Glicaramide
5208:Carbutamide
5110:Linopirdine
5093:Vernakalant
5083:Tolterodine
5073:Terfenadine
5063:Tamulotoxin
5058:Solifenacin
5028:PNU-282,987
5003:Haloperidol
4998:Gigactonine
4978:Domperidone
4963:Darifenacin
4928:Bedaquiline
4913:Azaspiracid
4876:Vernakalant
4811:Linopirdine
4771:Dronedarone
4761:Dendrotoxin
4746:Clamikalant
4618:Tolperisone
4613:Tetrandrine
4603:Sipatrigine
4598:Silperisone
4583:Prenylamine
4523:Lidoflazine
4478:Elpetrigine
4388:Mirogabalin
4292:Lamotrigine
4287:Flunarizine
4282:Efonidipine
4272:Cinnarizine
4267:Cilnidipine
4222:NNC 55-0396
4148:Ralfinamide
4095:Fantofarone
4090:Dronedarone
4075:Budiodarone
4070:Brinazarone
4033:Levemopamil
3933:Sornidipine
3928:Sagandipine
3918:Pranidipine
3893:Nisoldipine
3883:Nilvadipine
3873:Niguldipine
3863:Nicardipine
3828:Lemildipine
3813:Iganidipine
3808:Furnidipine
3773:Cronidipine
3768:Clevidipine
3763:Barnidipine
3753:Aranidipine
3639:from market
3572:Mepivacaine
3542:Ropivacaine
3534:Bupivacaine
3485:Piperocaine
3387:Meprylcaine
3357:Benzonatate
3317:(primarily
3256:from market
3216:Piperidione
3181:Moguisteine
3091:Benzonatate
3081:Alloclamide
3040:Nicocodeine
3001:Hydrocodone
2961:Butorphanol
2906:Neltenexine
2803:Ipecacuanha
2780:Guaifenesin
2750:Althea root
2413:29 February
2124:20 February
1733:20 February
1543:Brand names
1521:antitussive
1519:non-opioid
1509:hydrocodone
1493:synthesized
1386:hours. The
1372:antitussive
1352:antitussive
1174:convulsions
1114:oral mucosa
896:lung cancer
663:Benzonatate
571: g·mol
517:100.002.904
267:Identifiers
124:Benzonatate
91:MedlinePlus
64:Other names
55:Trade names
34:Benzonatate
6776:Categories
6612:Bumetanide
6550:Activators
6540:Piretanide
6535:Lonidamine
6486:Activators
6471:Mibefradil
6466:Mefloquine
6456:Furosemide
6451:Fluoxetine
6431:Crofelemer
6318:Activators
6241:Versutoxin
6237:Robustoxin
6219:Activators
6204:Safinamide
6154:Conotoxins
6089:Trimecaine
6084:Tetracaine
6059:Prilocaine
6049:Orthocaine
6024:Iontocaine
6019:Hexylcaine
6014:Etidocaine
5955:Benzocaine
5945:Amylocaine
5927:Zonisamide
5922:Valpromide
5892:Topiramate
5882:Rufinamide
5842:Lacosamide
5807:Cenobamate
5762:Prajmaline
5752:Moricizine
5747:Mexiletine
5742:Lorcainide
5727:Flecainide
5692:Ranolazine
5632:Activators
5617:Fluoxetine
5561:Nimesulide
5543:-specific:
5529:Activators
5511:-specific:
5463:-specific:
5443:Rilmakalim
5433:Nicorandil
5393:Cromakalim
5380:-specific:
5361:Activators
5351:Tipepidine
5341:Ifenprodil
5316:Caramiphen
5308:-specific:
5288:Tolazamide
5248:Gliquidone
5233:Gliclazide
5200:-specific:
5153:Retigabine
5148:Flupirtine
5145:-specific:
5130:Activators
5107:-specific:
5088:Vanoxerine
5068:Terodiline
5053:Sertindole
5043:Ranolazine
4908:Astemizole
4898:Amiodarone
4866:Terikalant
4841:Pinokalant
4826:Nifekalant
4821:Maurotoxin
4816:Lolitrem B
4806:Kaliotoxin
4766:Dofetilide
4756:Dalazatide
4751:Conotoxins
4721:Amiodarone
4716:Almokalant
4638:Activators
4628:Valperinol
4608:Terodiline
4548:Naftopidil
4538:Mesuximide
4468:Enpiperate
4448:Cycleanine
4433:Bevantolol
4423:Bencyclane
4413:Pregabalin
4403:PD-299,685
4398:PD-217,014
4393:PD-200,347
4383:Imagabalin
4373:Gabapentin
4363:Atagabalin
4353:Arbaclofen
4312:Mibefradil
4307:Loperamide
4302:Lomerizine
4277:Dotarizine
4257:Benidipine
4237:Zonisamide
4153:Safinamide
4128:Caroverine
4080:Celivarone
4028:Gallopamil
3983:Siratiazem
3973:Iprotiazem
3963:Clentiazem
3943:Tiamdipine
3938:Teludipine
3903:Olradipine
3888:Nimodipine
3878:Niludipine
3868:Nifedipine
3858:Mesudipine
3848:Manidipine
3823:Lacidipine
3818:Isradipine
3803:Flordipine
3798:Felodipine
3793:Elnadipine
3788:Elgodipine
3778:Darodipine
3748:Amlodipine
3618:Iontocaine
3582:Trimecaine
3577:Prilocaine
3562:Etidocaine
3552:Carticaine
3480:Isobucaine
3475:Hexylcaine
3450:Amylocaine
3432:Tetracaine
3407:Orthocaine
3402:Nitracaine
3352:Benzocaine
3226:Tipepidine
3211:Pipazetate
3191:Nepinalone
3186:Morclofone
3176:Meprotixol
3166:Isoaminile
3156:Gefapixant
3111:Clofedanol
3106:Clobutinol
3101:Butamirate
3060:Pholcodine
2986:Dimemorfan
2937:alkaloids,
2891:Letosteine
2886:Erdosteine
2881:Eprazinone
2856:Bromhexine
2838:Mucolytics
2295:14 January
2267:14 January
2234:12 January
1624:22 October
1595:12 January
1560:References
1469:tetracaine
1453:polyglycol
1442:butylamine
1403:hydrolysis
1279:tetracaine
1221:toxicology
1209:tetracaine
1161:tetracaine
1074:tetracaine
1062:anesthetic
1049:arrhythmia
1047:, cardiac
991:oropharynx
981:Intubation
880:bronchitis
828:tetracaine
743:including
737:Overdosage
709:sleepiness
671:medication
576:3D model (
564:Molar mass
447:CHEBI:3032
407:5P4DHS6ENR
378:ChemSpider
338:IUPHAR/BPS
302:32760-16-0
293:CAS Number
276:IUPAC name
149:Drug class
27:Medication
6733:See also:
6632:Mepacrine
6578:Ivacaftor
6494:Carbachol
6377:Ibuprofen
6367:Amiloride
6326:Solnatide
6298:Amiloride
6227:Aconitine
6189:Evenamide
6164:Saxitoxin
6079:Risocaine
6029:Lidocaine
5974:Butacaine
5950:Articaine
5877:Phenytoin
5787:Tocainide
5782:Sparteine
5777:Quinidine
5737:Lorajmine
5732:Lidocaine
5722:Encainide
5707:Aprindine
5448:Sarakalim
5438:Pinacidil
5428:Naminidil
5418:Minoxidil
5413:Mazokalim
5398:Diazoxide
5388:Bimakalim
5383:Aprikalim
5346:Tertiapin
5326:Clozapine
5243:Glipizide
5038:Quinidine
4988:Ergtoxins
4953:Cisapride
4943:BRL-32872
4923:Azimilide
4886:(KCNH2, K
4861:Tedisamil
4846:Quinidine
4836:Paxilline
4801:Inakalant
4796:Ibutilide
4781:Hanatoxin
4736:Bunaftine
4731:Bretylium
4726:Azimilide
4711:Adekalant
4670:Potassium
4652:Bay K8644
4593:Sesamodil
4543:Monatepil
4533:Manoalide
4528:Magnesium
4513:Imepitoin
4503:Fendiline
4483:Ethadione
4473:Eperisone
4453:Dauricine
4428:Berbamine
4339:δ subunit
4143:PD-173212
4058:Verapamil
4048:Ronipamil
4038:Nexopamil
4023:Falipamil
4018:Etripamil
4003:Devapamil
3998:Dagapamil
3978:Nictiazem
3968:Diltiazem
3958:Diltiazem
3908:Oxodipine
3649:Phase III
3637:Withdrawn
3567:Lidocaine
3529:Articaine
3501:Amoproxan
3470:β-Eucaine
3465:α-Eucaine
3427:Risocaine
3362:Butacaine
3266:Phase III
3254:Withdrawn
3201:Oxolamine
3151:Fominoben
3146:Fedrilate
3055:Noscapine
3035:Methadone
2916:Stepronin
2828:Tyloxapol
2686:20 August
2660:20 August
2436:Drugs.com
2118:Drugs.com
2095:235735410
2003:256102939
1883:Drugs.com
1527:Economics
1459:to other
1436:Chemistry
1242:(apnea),
1078:dentistry
941:, and 11
900:emphysema
884:pneumonia
789:pregnancy
725:skin rash
713:dizziness
677:. A 2023
262:3–8 hours
247:half-life
135:Routes of
83:Monograph
77:Drugs.com
6766:Medicine
6718:instead.
6693:instead.
6604:Blockers
6596:Unsorted
6522:Blockers
6423:Blockers
6400:Chloride
6362:A-317567
6354:Blockers
6303:Benzamil
6290:Blockers
6119:NKTR-171
6114:GDC-0276
6109:Funapide
6104:DSP-2230
6099:AZD-3161
6064:Procaine
5979:Butamben
5827:Ethotoin
5702:Ajmaline
5681:Blockers
5640:Riluzole
5599:Blockers
5497:Blockers
5403:Emakalim
5181:Blockers
5023:Pimozide
4893:Ajmaline
4693:Blockers
4508:Fostedil
4438:Canadine
4408:Phenibut
4368:Baclofen
4317:NP078585
4262:Bepridil
4100:SR-33805
4053:Tiapamil
4013:Emopamil
3993:Anipamil
3728:Blockers
3367:Butamben
3231:Zipeprol
3196:Oxeladin
3161:Glaucine
3121:Dibunate
3065:Thebacon
3020:Laudanum
2911:Sobrerol
2896:Mannitol
2871:Domiodol
2851:Ambroxol
2784:+codeine
2770:Creosote
2680:DailyMed
2654:DailyMed
2636:21304443
2602:22 April
2563:30625123
2530:28334901
2442:21 April
2390:35165660
2382:23307543
2324:16302303
2290:ClinCalc
2261:Archived
2257:ClinCalc
2172:18771744
2087:34219543
2035:30625123
1995:36688284
1945:21174569
1889:23 March
1801:25881426
1793:11762966
1727:DailyMed
1707:21 April
1701:DailyMed
1465:procaine
1283:procaine
1277:such as
1228:seizures
1213:procaine
1207:such as
1199:Overdose
1167:Children
1157:procaine
1126:seizures
1070:procaine
1045:seizures
1011:capsules
909:(COPD).
824:procaine
761:capsules
745:seizures
717:headache
707:include
691:by mouth
667:Tessalon
653:(verify)
358:DrugBank
169:ATC code
142:By mouth
119:DailyMed
6372:Aspirin
6194:Menthol
6181:Others:
6151:Toxins:
5994:Cocaine
5519:GAL-021
5139:KCNQ (K
5101:KCNQ (K
4918:AZD1305
4856:Sotalol
4851:ShK-186
4831:Notoxin
4518:JTV-519
4498:Fasudil
4227:ProTx I
4207:ABT-639
4194:SNX-482
4065:AH-1058
4062:Others:
3705:Calcium
3455:Cocaine
3442:Benzoic
3382:Lucaine
3336:by acid
2966:Codeine
2940:opioids
2765:Cineole
2067:Bibcode
1936:3006663
1513:codeine
1487:History
1356:medulla
1338:in the
1332:alveoli
1328:bronchi
1326:in the
1309:blocker
1112:of the
1106:softgel
973:Hiccups
951:quality
914:codeine
814:in the
804:blocker
769:sucking
765:Chewing
701:hours.
569:603.750
534:Formula
367:DB00868
313:PubChem
218:Rx-only
215:WARNING
185:)
179: (
177:R05DB01
121::
97:a682640
6752:Portal
6669:Others
5658:Sodium
5311:Barium
5115:XE-991
4983:E-4031
4933:BeKm-1
4903:AmmTX3
4786:HgeTx1
4776:E-4031
4558:Osthol
4327:TROX-1
4212:ML-218
3632:WHO-EM
3521:Amides
3334:Esters
3249:WHO-EM
2996:Heroin
2823:Senega
2634:
2561:
2528:
2388:
2380:
2322:
2225:
2195:
2170:
2093:
2085:
2033:
2001:
1993:
1943:
1933:
1799:
1791:
1586:
1537:
1505:opioid
1481:
1477:
1471:. The
1428:, and
1414:routes
1394:hour.
1392:
1384:
1376:
1336:pleura
1334:, and
1303:potent
1252:
1248:
1128:, and
1092:, and
1004:
959:safety
947:series
898:, and
876:asthma
868:opioid
843:
839:Mexico
783:, and
755:, and
731:, and
699:
695:
687:safety
602:SMILES
458:ChEMBL
427:D00242
252:1 hour
212:
117:
6703:LGICs
6410:CaCCs
6382:PcTX1
6341:ASICs
5668:VGSCs
4938:BmTx3
4791:HsTx1
4680:VGKCs
3715:VDCCs
3074:Other
2935:Opium
2901:Mesna
2596:(FDA)
2592:U.S.
2386:S2CID
2091:S2CID
1999:S2CID
1797:S2CID
1461:ester
1317:vagal
872:cough
862:Cough
816:brain
773:mouth
757:death
675:cough
622:InChI
578:JSmol
438:ChEBI
6716:here
6714:See
6691:here
6689:See
6678:TRPs
6509:CFTR
6436:DIDS
6277:ENaC
6198:mint
5586:K2Ps
5457:GIRK
5302:GIRK
5168:IRKs
4884:hERG
4232:Z944
4158:Z160
3325:N01B
2688:2020
2662:2020
2632:PMID
2604:2020
2559:PMID
2526:PMID
2444:2020
2415:2024
2378:PMID
2320:PMID
2297:2024
2269:2024
2236:2024
2223:ISBN
2193:ISBN
2168:PMID
2126:2020
2083:PMID
2031:PMID
1991:PMID
1941:PMID
1891:2019
1789:PMID
1735:2024
1709:2020
1626:2023
1597:2024
1584:ISBN
1511:and
1467:and
1447:para
1370:The
1344:lung
1342:and
1322:and
1281:and
1219:and
1211:and
1178:coma
1151:para
1080:and
1072:and
1008:oral
957:and
945:and
937:, 5
826:and
799:and
685:and
418:KEGG
398:UNII
387:7413
347:7611
327:7699
229:data
73:AHFS
5940:FBT
5373:ATP
5193:ATP
3613:TAC
2733:R05
2516:doi
2370:doi
2160:doi
2075:doi
1983:doi
1931:PMC
1923:doi
1781:doi
1619:FDA
1159:or
1006:mg
965:or
791:or
767:or
483:EPA
317:CID
182:WHO
6778::
6738:•
6239:,
6235:,
5966:,
5540:Ca
5538:BK
5508:Ca
5506:BK
5483:Ca
5143:7)
5105:7)
4345:):
4060:;
3985:;
3955:;
3645::
3262::
3007:,
2790:,
2786:,
2678:.
2652:.
2628:53
2626:.
2612:^
2590:.
2571:^
2555:60
2553:.
2549:.
2538:^
2524:.
2512:41
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2452:^
2434:.
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2406:.
2384:.
2376:.
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2364:.
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2314:.
2288:.
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2259:.
2255:.
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2207:^
2166:.
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2089:.
2081:.
2073:.
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2061:.
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2027:60
2025:.
2011:^
1997:.
1989:.
1979:57
1977:.
1973:.
1953:^
1939:.
1929:.
1919:57
1917:.
1913:.
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1881:.
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1795:.
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1775:.
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1725:.
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1634:^
1617:.
1613:.
1568:^
1455:,
1444:,
1432:.
1424:,
1420:,
1330:,
1289:.
1238:,
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1223:.
1192:.
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1124:,
1120:,
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1013:.
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902:.
890:,
886:,
882:,
878:,
830:.
779:,
751:,
747:,
735:.
727:,
723:,
719:,
715:,
711:,
557:11
548:53
542:30
208:US
160:;
156:;
114:US
6754::
6243:)
6200:)
6196:(
5970:)
5962:(
5938:p
5481:K
5371:K
5191:K
5141:v
5103:v
4888:v
4649::
4337:2
4335:α
4204::
4191::
4173::
4115::
3990::
3745::
3739::
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3682:t
3675:v
3540:/
3536:/
3327:)
3323:(
3321:)
3306:e
3299:t
3292:v
3011:)
3003:(
2972:)
2968:(
2942:,
2809:)
2805:(
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2782:(
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2731:(
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2606:.
2565:.
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2392:.
2372::
2326:.
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2128:.
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2005:.
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1783::
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1711:.
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551:N
545:H
539:C
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
