347:
359:
329:
42:
317:
768:
370:
56:
339:
522:
The tepuis, also known as 'islands above the rainforest', are a challenge for researchers, as they are home to a high number of new species that have yet to be described. A few of these mountains are cloaked by thick clouds for nearly the entire year. Their surfaces could previously only be
466:
flora and fauna through evolution over millennia of a different world of animals and plants, cut off from the rest of the world by the imposing rock walls. Some tepui sinkholes contain species that have evolved in these "islands within islands" that are unique to that sinkhole.
462:. The altitude causes them to have a different climate from the ground forest. The top presents cool temperatures with frequent rainfall, while the bases of the mountains have a tropical, warm and humid climate. The isolation has led to the presence of
611:
Tepui, famous for its almost perfectly circular sinkholes that go straight down from the mountain top – the largest such sinkhole is 300 m (1,000 ft) in diameter and depth (purportedly created by groundwater erosion). They harbour an
2210:
719:. Entering the name of either sinkhole into the marketing website would produce the readout "twin signatures detected". Due to the sinkholes being discovered in 1961, the readout is assumed to be a joke referring to
890:
Eric
Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b.
535:
450:
up to 300 meters (1,000 ft) in diameter and with sheer walls up to 300 meters (1,000 ft) deep. These sinkholes are formed when the roofs of tunnels carved by underground rivers collapse.
513:
when the plateau became fragmented over geological time. However, recent studies suggest that tepuis are not as isolated as originally believed. For example, an endemic group of treefrogs,
474:
of the mainland, having a large number of unique plants and animals not found anywhere else in the world. The floors of the mesas are poor in nutrients, which has led to a rich variety of
427:
Tepuis range in elevation from 1,000–3,000 metres (3,000–10,000 ft). The total surface area of all 115 tepuis is approximately 5,000 km (2,000 sq mi).
88:
654:
of its environment is discovered in a sinkhole enclosed by a tepui in the
Venezuelan rainforest, also alluding to the unique ecological conditions of tepuis.
671:
takes place among the tepuis. The film also includes depictions of the numerous rock formations and an Angel Falls-like waterfall called "Paradise Falls".
106:
2175:
2180:
2037:
2027:
401:, the plateau began to erode and fragment about 300 million years ago, and about 70 million years ago the tepuis were formed from the remaining
1023:
950:
1179:
2185:
2008:
2032:
637:
573:
260:
2022:
1214:
851:
2205:
1279:
2200:
2150:
2097:
101:
789:
270:
Tepuis tend to be found as isolated entities rather than in connected ranges, which makes them the host of a unique array of
691:
in 2008. On the summit they discovered an endemic species of frog and mouse, and also footprints of an unidentified mammal.
381:
are the remains of a large sandstone plateau that once covered the granite basement complex between the north border of the
595:, also known as Kukenán, because it is the source of the Kukenán River, is considered the "place of the dead" by the local
346:
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605:
stands 1,300 m (4,300 ft) above the forest floor. A unique cave runs from one side of the mountain to the other.
171:
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is the most northerly mountain in the chain that stretches along the
Venezuelan-Guyana border from Roraima in the south.
832:
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1313:
740:
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about the discovery of a living prehistoric world full of dinosaurs and other primordial creatures. The borders of
804:
778:
631:
The hypothesis that endemic fauna and flora of tepuis represent remnants of ancient species was an inspiration to
2012:
564:
1873:
1853:
619:
2215:
903:
DÉSAMORÉ, AURÉLIE; VANDERPOORTEN, ALAIN; LAENEN, BENJAMIN; GRADSTEIN, ROBBERT; KOK, PHILIPPE (September 2010).
1063:
Salerno, P. E.; Ron, S. R.; Señaris, J. C.; Rojas-Runjaic, F. J. M.; Noonan, B. P.; Cannatella, D. C. (2012).
650:, a new species of spider with a highly potent, deadly venom that lives in social colonies and is the implied
811:
683:
1246:
519:, have diverged after the tepuis were formed; that is, speciation followed colonization from the lowlands.
2042:
1977:
785:
1662:
2017:
1562:
905:"Biogeography of the Lost World (Pantepui region, northeastern South America): Insights from bryophytes"
734:
527:
363:
358:
1941:
1907:
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1757:
1696:
1531:
818:
328:
1982:
1762:
1684:
1679:
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1449:
1272:
715:
646:
510:
471:
1667:
1551:
1467:
1673:
1636:
1620:
1578:
1523:
1488:
1328:
1322:
531:
71:
1772:
1588:
1541:
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904:
800:
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1931:
1914:
1896:
1767:
1650:
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1607:
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1027:
721:
702:, a tepui in the north of Brazil was featured as a secret lair for the villain Dr. Cutter Elwes.
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568:
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1965:
1936:
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76:
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1422:
1365:
1076:
1000:
916:
506:
398:
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351:
236:
231:
196:
46:
2130:
1626:
1612:
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1439:
1402:
1265:
674:
112:
2082:
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608:
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41:
2160:
1972:
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is the largest of the tepuis with a surface area of 700 km (270 sq mi).
458:
The plateaus of the tepuis are completely isolated from the ground forest, making them
409:
294:
283:
264:
430:
Because of their great age, some tepuis exhibit surface features and caves typical of
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2057:
1987:
1868:
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1098:
1081:
1064:
1005:
988:
710:
699:
678:
651:
592:
560:
332:
321:
287:
244:
2101:; includes landforms that may not strictly conform to the definition of a tepui or
1955:
1920:
1777:
1740:
1716:
1710:
1631:
1568:
1444:
825:
602:
495:
382:
279:
2105:. Poorly known sites or lower mountains treated as tepuis for historical reasons.
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website, May 7, 2012, and published in the New York edition, p. D3 on May 8, 2012.
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873:
2072:
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2003:
1960:
1949:
1602:
1596:
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706:
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491:
486:
301:
291:
563:, also known as Roraima Tepui. A report by the noted South American researcher
369:
55:
1902:
1065:"Ancient Tepui Summits Harbor Young Rather Than Old Lineages of Endemic Frogs"
921:
550:
275:
1247:
The Making of the Tepuis Film : "The Living Edens : The Lost World"
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located on
Sarisariñama, were mentioned in the viral marketing for the film
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578:
515:
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402:
305:
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248:
141:
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156:
1251:
892:
1340:
1113:"Conquering a virgin Venezuelan tepui, The Sunday Times; November 2007"
745:
688:
557:, the highest waterfall in the world, drops from a cleft in the summit.
480:
424:
tower over the surrounding area by up to 1,000 metres (3,000 ft).
386:
255:. The word tepui means "house of the gods" in the native tongue of the
498:. The weathered, craggy nature of the rocky ground means no layers of
420:, where the highest concentration of tepuis is found. The precipitous
1390:
1301:
662:
586:
582:
417:
413:
252:
151:
146:
17:
338:
1202:, retrieved on 16 February 2006, which uses the following sources:
1199:
27:
Table-top mountain or mesa in the Guiana
Highlands of South America
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596:
499:
443:
431:
368:
357:
345:
337:
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315:
256:
83:
1024:
It’s Not So Lonely at the Top: Ecosystems Thrive High in the Sky
951:
It’s Not So Lonely at the Top: Ecosystems Thrive High in the Sky
300:
that rise abruptly from the jungle. Auyantepui is the source of
240:
1509:
1388:
1299:
1261:
761:
989:"Biotic diversification in the Guayana Highlands: a proposal"
2211:
Neotropical tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
1236:, May 1989, "Venezuela's Islands in Time," pp. 526–561
505:
It has been hypothesized that endemics on tepuis represent
214:
205:
1134:"The Carnivorous Plant FAQ: Heliamphora ranges and tepuis"
616:
composed of unique plant and animal species at the bottom.
393:. This area is part of the remnants of the supercontinent
1257:
1200:
the corresponding German-language
Knowledge (XXG) article
1018:
1016:
748: – Highland area, usually of relatively flat terrain
438:. Caves here include the 671-metre-deep (2,201 ft)
677:
was part of the first expedition to successfully climb
442:, the deepest quartzite cave in the world. Some of the
434:
topography, formed in more water-soluble rocks such as
1042:"The upper zonal bird-life of Mts. Roraima and Duida"
342:
View of the
Venezuelan Amazon from the top of a tepui
211:
599:
Peoples. Located next to Mount
Roraima in Venezuela.
208:
202:
1996:
1695:
1522:
1481:
1458:
1401:
1339:
1312:
792:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
324:– the peculiar rock formation is caused by erosion.
199:
180:
170:
165:
134:
126:
121:
94:
82:
70:
65:
34:
1046:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
412:in the south-east of Venezuela on the border with
290:. They are typically composed of sheer blocks of
274:plant and animal species. Notable tepuis include
89:tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
1273:
1209:. GEO - Gruner + Jahr AG & Co., Hamburg,
530:in Venezuela, which has been classified as a
8:
1198:Much of the text of this article comes from
546:A few of the most notable of the 60 tepuis:
523:photographed by helicopter radar equipment.
1519:
1506:
1398:
1385:
1309:
1296:
1280:
1266:
1258:
107:Guianan piedmont and lowland moist forests
1080:
1004:
920:
852:Learn how and when to remove this message
681:. The expedition was part of the program
470:The tepuis are often referred to as the
1172:The 6th Extinction: A Sigma Force Novel
865:
130:50,675 km (19,566 sq mi)
31:
1174:. HarperCollins. pp. 448 pages.
389:, between the Atlantic coast and the
230:
7:
1254:– pictures from Tepuis in Venezuela.
790:adding citations to reliable sources
373:The steep rock wall of Mount Roraima
737: – National park in Venezuela
641:(1912), which was set on a tepui.
25:
2176:Natural history of South America
1082:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01666.x
1006:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01252.x
766:
408:There are 115 such mesas in the
195:
54:
40:
2181:Flora of northern South America
2098:Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana
1170:Rollins, James (Aug 12, 2014).
777:needs additional citations for
509:fauna and flora that underwent
490:, as well as a wide variety of
397:. Throughout the course of the
102:Guianan Highlands moist forests
60:Ecoregion territory (in purple)
2095:List sourced from volume 1 of
1:
987:Rull, Valenti (18 May 2005).
567:inspired the Scottish author
1234:National Geographic Magazine
2186:Ecoregions of South America
2232:
2049:Tepui caves and sinkholes
741:Geography of South America
657:Much of the story of 2009
2093:
1518:
1505:
1397:
1384:
1308:
1295:
922:10.11646/phytotaxa.9.1.14
53:
39:
1621:Neblina–Aracamuni Massif
1323:Neblina–Aracamuni Massif
176:Relatively stable/intact
2206:Ecoregions of Venezuela
1224:. terra - Heft 3/2004,
1040:Chapman, F. M. (1931).
993:Journal of Biogeography
684:Lost Land of the Jaguar
526:Many tepuis are in the
354:from top of Mt. Roraima
2201:Ecoregions of Suriname
2151:Mountains of Venezuela
2038:Serranía de la Neblina
1597:Duida–Marahuaca Massif
967:Terrestrial Ecoregions
880:. World Wildlife Fund.
878:Terrestrial Ecoregions
446:are pocked with giant
374:
366:
362:Devil's Canyon in the
355:
343:
335:
325:
304:, the world's tallest
1154:"Conquering a virgin"
969:. World Wildlife Fund
735:Canaima National Park
528:Canaima National Park
372:
364:Canaima National Park
361:
349:
341:
331:
319:
2196:Ecoregions of Guyana
2191:Ecoregions of Brazil
1978:Sierra de Maigualida
786:improve this article
716:Godzilla (2014 film)
511:vicariant speciation
484:and most species of
2146:Mountains of Guyana
2141:Mountains of Brazil
1663:Serranía Tapirapecó
1637:Cerro de la Neblina
1489:Pacaraima Mountains
1329:Cerro de la Neblina
1115:. Timesonline.co.uk
571:to write his novel
532:World Heritage Site
379:table-top mountains
172:Conservation status
2053:Cueva del Fantasma
2013:Venezuelan Guayana
1942:Tereke-yurén-tepui
1932:Kamarkawarai-tepui
1908:Cerro Sarisariñama
1884:Wadakapiapué-tepui
1608:Cerro Huachamacari
1563:Cuao–Sipapo Massif
1226:Tecklenborg Verlag
1220:Roland Stuckardt:
1207:Inseln in der Zeit
1160:, 11 November 2007
1028:The New York Times
722:Mothra (1961 film)
696:The 6th Extinction
633:Arthur Conan Doyle
569:Arthur Conan Doyle
476:carnivorous plants
460:ecological islands
375:
367:
356:
344:
336:
326:
237:table-top mountain
2166:Tables (landform)
2156:Erosion landforms
2136:Guayana Highlands
2118:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2069:Tepui waterfalls
2033:Parima–Tapirapecó
2028:Jaua–Sarisariñama
1758:Cerro Guaiquinima
1532:Cerro Aratitiyope
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1181:978-0-06-233698-9
1075:(10): 3000–3013.
862:
861:
854:
836:
644:In the 1990 film
620:Ilú-Tramen Massif
565:Robert Schomburgk
472:Galápagos Islands
440:Abismo Guy Collet
261:indigenous people
188:
187:
16:(Redirected from
2223:
1520:
1507:
1423:Wei-Assipu-tepui
1399:
1386:
1366:Wei-Assipu-tepui
1310:
1297:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1259:
1222:Sitze der Götter
1186:
1185:
1167:
1161:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1136:. Sarracenia.com
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857:
850:
846:
843:
837:
835:
794:
770:
762:
589:meet on the top.
399:history of Earth
263:who inhabit the
247:, especially in
234:
232:[teˈpuj]
229:
221:
220:
217:
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201:
58:
44:
32:
21:
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2222:
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2220:
2216:Montane forests
2121:
2120:
2119:
2106:
2089:
2023:Duida–Marahuaca
1992:
1983:Sierra Marutaní
1966:Sororopán-tepui
1937:Murisipán-tepui
1800:Agparamán-tepui
1784:Chimantá Massif
1763:Cerro Guanacoco
1691:
1685:Serranía Yutajé
1680:Cerro Coro Coro
1627:Cerro Aracamuni
1613:Cerro Marahuaca
1547:Cerro Tamacuari
1514:
1493:
1477:
1460:Potaro-Siparuni
1454:
1450:Mount Yakontipu
1440:Mount Ayanganna
1403:Cuyuni-Mazaruni
1393:
1372:
1335:
1304:
1291:
1286:
1243:
1190:
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675:Steve Backshall
629:
627:Popular culture
544:
542:Selected tepuis
456:
454:Flora and fauna
320:The plateau of
314:
227:
198:
194:
184:37,658 km (74%)
161:
117:
113:Guianan savanna
61:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2103:table mountain
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2078:Cuquenán Falls
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2009:National parks
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1973:Sierra de Lema
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1963:
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1927:Aparamán-tepui
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1911:
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1886:
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1876:
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1859:Karaurín-tepui
1856:
1848:Eastern Tepuis
1844:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1815:Chimantá-tepui
1812:
1807:
1802:
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1705:Angasima-tepui
1701:
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1668:Sierra Unturán
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1605:
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1559:
1554:
1552:Cerro Yapacana
1549:
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1503:
1502:
1499:
1498:
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1492:
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1485:
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1479:
1478:
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1475:
1473:Mount Wokomung
1470:
1468:Mount Kopinang
1464:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1435:Maringma-tepui
1432:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1412:Eastern Tepuis
1407:
1405:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1374:
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1371:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1350:Eastern Tepuis
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1241:External links
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1032:
1022:Zimmer, Carl.
1012:
999:(6): 921–927.
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859:
774:
772:
765:
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759:
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750:
749:
743:
738:
730:
727:
705:The sinkholes
638:The Lost World
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574:The Lost World
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2019:
2016:
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2010:
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1995:
1989:
1988:Upuigma-tepui
1986:
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1890:
1889:Yuruaní-tepui
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1869:Roraima-tepui
1867:
1865:
1864:Kukenán-tepui
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1835:Tirepón-tepui
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1810:Apacará-tepui
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1790:Abacapá-tepui
1788:
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1779:
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1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
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1747:
1746:Cerro La Luna
1744:
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1734:
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1731:
1727:
1723:
1722:Araopán-tepui
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1711:Aprada Massif
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1674:Yutajé Massif
1671:
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1579:Cerro Moriche
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1429:
1428:Yuruaní-tepui
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1418:Roraima-tepui
1416:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1367:
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1359:
1357:
1356:Roraima-tepui
1354:
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1215:3-570-06212-0
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842:December 2011
834:
831:
827:
824:
820:
817:
813:
810:
806:
803: –
802:
798:
797:Find sources:
791:
787:
781:
780:
775:This article
773:
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724:
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718:
717:
712:
711:Sima Humboldt
708:
703:
701:
700:James Rollins
697:
694:In the novel
692:
690:
686:
685:
680:
679:Mount Upuigma
676:
672:
670:
669:
664:
660:
655:
653:
652:apex predator
649:
648:
647:Arachnophobia
642:
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570:
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562:
561:Mount Roraima
559:
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365:
360:
353:
352:Kukenan tepui
348:
340:
334:
333:Mount Roraima
330:
323:
322:Mount Roraima
318:
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288:Mount Roraima
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245:South America
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69:
64:
57:
52:
48:
47:Kukenan tepui
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2096:
2083:Yutajé Falls
1956:Carrao-tepui
1950:Ptari Massif
1948:
1921:Los Testigos
1919:
1895:
1874:Tramen-tepui
1846:
1840:Toronó-tepui
1830:Sarvén-tepui
1795:Acopán-tepui
1782:
1778:Cerro Venamo
1773:Cerro Venado
1751:Uaipán-tepui
1741:Cerro El Sol
1730:Auyán Massif
1728:
1717:Aprada-tepui
1709:
1672:
1643:
1632:Cerro Avispa
1619:
1595:
1589:Cerro Sipapo
1569:Cerro Autana
1561:
1542:Cerro Guanay
1537:Cerro Camani
1445:Mount Venamo
1410:
1348:
1321:
1288:
1252:Mongabay.com
1228:, Steinfurt.
1221:
1206:
1205:Uwe George:
1193:Bibliography
1171:
1165:
1157:
1149:
1138:. Retrieved
1128:
1117:. Retrieved
1107:
1072:
1068:
1058:
1049:
1045:
1035:
996:
992:
982:
971:. Retrieved
966:
957:
946:
934:. Retrieved
912:
908:
898:
886:
877:
868:
848:
839:
829:
822:
815:
808:
796:
784:Please help
779:verification
776:
720:
714:
704:
695:
693:
682:
673:
666:
656:
645:
643:
636:
630:
609:Sarisariñama
603:Autana Tepui
593:Matawi Tepui
572:
545:
525:
521:
514:
504:
502:are formed.
485:
479:
469:
457:
429:
426:
407:
383:Amazon Basin
376:
269:
251:and western
223:
191:
189:
166:Conservation
29:
2073:Angel Falls
2063:Sima Martel
2004:Gran Sabana
1961:Ptari-tepui
1915:Kurún-tepui
1897:Jaua Massif
1825:Murey-tepui
1820:Churí-tepui
1805:Amurí-tepui
1768:Cerro Ichún
1736:Auyán-tepui
1651:Cerro Euaja
1645:Parú Massif
1603:Cerro Duida
1584:Cerro Ovana
915:(30): 255.
707:Sima Martel
555:Angel Falls
487:Heliamphora
410:Gran Sabana
302:Angel Falls
292:Precambrian
265:Gran Sabana
77:Neotropical
2125:Categories
1903:Cerro Jaua
1656:Cerro Parú
1574:Cerro Cuao
1557:Cerro Yaví
1140:2012-03-13
1119:2012-03-13
973:2012-03-13
812:newspapers
753:References
698:(2014) by
551:Auyantepui
496:bromeliads
478:, such as
403:monadnocks
312:Morphology
276:Auyantepui
1879:Uei-tepui
1854:Ilú-tepui
1512:Venezuela
1361:Uei-tepui
1158:The Times
1099:205783918
1069:Evolution
931:1179-3163
909:Phytotaxa
758:Citations
635:'s novel
614:ecosystem
579:Venezuela
516:Tepuihyla
448:sinkholes
436:limestone
422:mountains
391:Rio Negro
306:waterfall
298:sandstone
249:Venezuela
243:found in
181:Protected
142:Venezuela
135:Countries
122:Geography
2043:Yapacana
1997:See also
1524:Amazonas
1482:See also
1314:Amazonas
1091:23025594
1052:: 1–135.
963:"Tepuis"
936:11 April
729:See also
395:Gondwana
385:and the
350:View of
235:), is a
228:Spanish:
157:Suriname
2171:Oronyms
2018:Canaima
2011:of the
1697:Bolívar
1341:Roraima
874:"Tepui"
826:scholar
801:"Tepui"
746:Plateau
689:BBC One
492:orchids
481:Drosera
464:endemic
387:Orinoco
284:Neblina
272:endemic
95:Borders
66:Ecology
2131:Tepuis
1391:Guyana
1302:Brazil
1289:Tepuis
1213:
1178:
1097:
1089:
929:
828:
821:
814:
807:
799:
663:Disney
587:Guyana
585:, and
583:Brazil
536:UNESCO
507:relict
418:Brazil
414:Guyana
377:These
286:, and
280:Autana
259:, the
253:Guyana
152:Guyana
147:Brazil
2161:Mesas
1095:S2CID
833:JSTOR
819:books
665:film
659:Pixar
597:Pemon
500:humus
444:mesas
432:karst
257:Pemon
224:tepuy
222:, or
192:tepui
84:Biome
72:Realm
35:Tepui
18:Tepuy
1211:ISBN
1176:ISBN
1087:PMID
938:2018
927:ISSN
805:news
709:and
494:and
416:and
241:mesa
127:Area
1077:doi
1001:doi
917:doi
788:by
687:on
534:by
239:or
2127::
1156:,
1093:.
1085:.
1073:66
1071:.
1067:.
1050:63
1048:.
1044:.
1026:,
1015:^
997:32
995:.
991:.
965:.
925:.
911:.
907:.
876:.
725:.
668:Up
581:,
538:.
405:.
308:.
282:,
278:,
267:.
190:A
1281:e
1274:t
1267:v
1217:.
1184:.
1143:.
1122:.
1101:.
1079::
1009:.
1003::
976:.
940:.
919::
913:9
855:)
849:(
844:)
840:(
830:·
823:·
816:·
809:·
782:.
661:–
226:(
218:/
215:i
212:w
209:p
206:ɛ
203:t
200:ˈ
197:/
109:,
20:)
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