604:
61:
339:
2991:
918:
520:, the Latin word for "mother," is often used as an honorific for goddesses, including Vesta, who was represented as a virgin. "Mother" therefore is an honorific that expresses the respect one would owe any good mother. Tellus and Terra are both regarded as mothers in both the literal and honorific sense; Vesta in the honorific only.
861:, either implicitly, or invoked. She was perhaps involved in the ceremonies attending the birth of a child, as the newborn was placed on the ground immediately after coming into the world. Tellus was also invoked at Roman weddings.
571:, which had been torn down when he was executed in 485 BC for attempting to make himself king. The temple constructed by Sophus more than two centuries later was most likely a rebuilding of the people's. The anniversary (
850:, a pig sacrificed in advance of the harvest. Some rites originally pertaining to Tellus may have been transferred to Ceres, or shared with her, as a result of her identification with Greek
595:, was among those that stood on the temple grounds. Cicero claims that the proximity of his property caused some Romans to assume he had a responsibility to help maintain the temple.
3391:
2205:
717:, was to assure the fertility of the planted grain already growing in the womb of Mother Earth in the guise of Tellus. This public sacrifice was conducted in the form of a
3396:
2358:
1395:
284:, bunches of flowers, or fruit. She was typically depicted reclining, or rising, waist high from a hole in the ground. Her male complement was a sky god such as
897:"birthday") of Rome was celebrated, perhaps reflecting the connection between the Parilia on April 21 and the Fordicidia as a feast of Tellus. The emperor
3479:
2441:
3140:
2552:
1115:
1334:
3408:
839:
835:
703:
573:
490:
2079:
2022:
1527:
1077:"Mbi strukturën leksiko-semantike dhe etimologjike të tipit të togfjalëshit të shqipes burri i dheut (Mundësia për një rindërtim)"
1010:, and to distinguish the planet from the soil covering part of it. It is also, rarely, called "Tellus", mainly via the adjective "
2425:
Feeney, Denis (2004). "Interpreting sacrificial ritual in Roman poetry: Disciplines and their models". In
Steiner, Franz (ed.).
3439:
3202:
1007:
780:. She received the holocaust of a pregnant sow. The Secular Games of 249 BC had been dedicated to the underworld deities
1828:
1782:
702:
Numa solved the riddle by instituting the sacrifice of a pregnant cow. The purpose of the sacrifice, as suggested by the
3454:
3444:
2545:
584:
was stored in the temple, which was also known for a representation of Italy on the wall, either a map or an allegory.
30:
This article is about the personification of the Earth in ancient Roman religion and mythology. For other uses, see
3489:
3073:
3047:
1824:
1779:
1761:
1757:
1023:
943:(ornamental ox heads) and motifs of vegetative and animal fertility and abundance. Terra long remained common as a
694:"By the death of cattle, oh King, Tellus must be placated: two cows, that is. Let a single heifer yield two lives (
679:. During a time when Rome was struggling with harsh agricultural conditions, Numa was instructed by the rustic god
273:, the twenty principal gods of Rome, and one of the twelve agricultural deities. She is regularly associated with
3474:
3464:
3459:
3207:
3042:
761:
638:, a festival of sowing. On December 13, the anniversary of the Temple of Tellus was celebrated along with a
1886:
Hölkeskamp, Karl-J. (1993). "Conquest, competition, and consensus: Roman expansion in Italy and the rise of the
3469:
3449:
3322:
3301:
3291:
2698:
2561:
2306:
1330:
608:
387:
228:
2069:
868:
during the
Imperial period sometimes contain formulaic expressions such as "Terra Mater, receive me." In the
450:
thus refers to the guardian deity of Earth and by extension the globe itself. Tellus may be an aspect of the
3494:
3306:
2538:
2065:
3134:
603:
31:
3353:
3250:
2906:
2825:
2573:
2394:
Dušanić, Slobodan (1977). "Aspects of Roman Mining in
Noricum, Pannonia, Dalmatia and Moesia Superior".
718:
516:
209:
60:
3348:
3232:
3186:
2976:
2820:
2593:
2340:
2107:
Ivanov, Vyacheslav V. (1994). "Fundamentals of
Diachronic Linguistics". In de Gruyter, Mouton (ed.).
1377:
909:. Measuring 30 by 20 meters, the temple was located at the entrance to the work zone.
324:
into Roman religious practice, while Tellus, whose ancient temple was within Rome's sacred boundary (
297:
563:
made in 268 BC by
Publius Sempronius Sophus when an earthquake struck during a battle with the
3386:
3192:
3078:
3052:
2911:
2760:
2750:
2713:
683:
567:. Others say it was built by the Roman people. It occupied the former site of a house belonging to
293:
3265:
2891:
2855:
2815:
2790:
2693:
2673:
2613:
2352:
1937:
1929:
1618:
1610:
1447:
1389:
1236:
1228:
1191:
972:
496:
289:
176:
131:
70:
1507:
338:
2162:
1107:
3403:
3363:
3017:
2845:
2835:
2785:
2658:
2638:
2633:
2618:
2455:
2075:
2018:
2014:
1523:
1519:
1111:
988:
976:
902:
898:
810:
663:(April 12–19). Festivals for deities of vegetation and the earth cluster in April on the
619:
407:
305:
274:
2511:
2374:
Imperial Mines and
Quarries in the Roman World: Organizational aspects 27 BC–AD 235
3296:
3027:
2946:
2886:
2745:
2723:
2708:
2195:
2118:
2006:
1921:
1839:
1772:
1673:
1602:
1590:
1511:
1220:
1099:
1028:
858:
831:
656:
648:
529:
301:
199:
135:
2222:
1003:. Earth is sometimes referred to as "Terra" by speakers of English to match post-classical
3418:
3413:
3332:
3327:
3180:
3148:
3032:
2565:
2507:
2240:
2050:
Wagenvoort (1956) argues that Ceres herself originated as the generative aspect of Tellus.
1259:
1195:
944:
906:
726:
615:
568:
244:
232:
47:
947:, if not exactly treated as a goddess. She often formed part of sets of the personified
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1813:
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877:
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260:
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618:
celebrated for Tellus were mainly concerned with agriculture and often connected with
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3197:
3121:
3037:
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2765:
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2678:
2579:
2271:
2210:
2007:
2002:
1941:
1622:
1512:
1240:
1100:
948:
770:
757:
644:(banquet) for Ceres, who embodied "growing power" and the productivity of the earth.
640:
309:
219:
1011:
3260:
3255:
3217:
3114:
2663:
2603:
2494:
Martianus
Capella and the Seven Liberal Arts: The marriage of philology and Mercury
1909:
1518:. edited and translated by Udo Strutynski. University of California Press. p.
1487:
738:
676:
252:
66:
2668:
2095:
Morte boum tibi, rex, Tellus placanda duarum: / det sacris animas una iuvenca duas
1843:
1775:
917:
1076:
760:
held by
Augustus in 17 BC, Terra Mater was among the deities honored in the
3012:
2427:
Rituals in Ink: A conference on religion and literary production in ancient Rome
722:
711:
537:
1856:
17:
3222:
3129:
2896:
2881:
2871:
2800:
2780:
2130:
952:
785:
714:
652:
635:
281:
269:
86:
975:
identified
Tellumo as the male counterpart of Tellus. A Tellurus is named by
488:. It was believed that those who cultivated her led a pious and useful life (
259:
was the name of the original earth goddess in the religious practices of the
3368:
2956:
2850:
1542:
934:
922:
781:
462:, or at least a close collaborator with her as "divinity of the clear sky."
369:
2037:
Scullard (1981) considers
January 24–26 to be the regular date of the
1795:
864:
Dedicatory inscriptions to either Tellus or Terra are relatively few, but
788:, whose underground altar was in the Tarentum. Under Augustus, the Games (
330:), represents the original earth goddess cultivated by the state priests.
3275:
3212:
3153:
3057:
2876:
2830:
2805:
2735:
2643:
2628:
2623:
2598:
2200:
1720:
939:
886:, imperial slave overseers who ran operations at ore smelting factories (
873:
800:
776:
660:
564:
432:
377:
326:
317:
82:
774:), distinguishing her from the Roman Tellus whose temple was within the
27:
The personification of the Earth in ancient Roman religion and mythology
2931:
2921:
2840:
2810:
2795:
2755:
2653:
882:
865:
851:
750:
742:
734:
672:
623:
533:
455:
154:
139:
1933:
1614:
1232:
3358:
3100:
3094:
3007:
2941:
2926:
2901:
2683:
2608:
2521:
2518:
The main precepts for understanding the celestial and terrestrial ...
2311:
1973:
1740:
1685:
1661:
827:
804:
796:
687:
680:
592:
551:
547:
285:
165:
150:
78:
74:
925:
mark her as an earth and mother goddess, often identified as Tellus.
1925:
1606:
1224:
3227:
2951:
2775:
2730:
2718:
2703:
2648:
2138:
2114:
1166:
1004:
1000:
929:
Tellus is often identified as the central figure on the so-called
843:
602:
559:
542:
465:
451:
442:
348:
337:
264:
251:. Although Tellus and Terra are hardly distinguishable during the
248:
184:
51:
1102:
Motherhood and the Other: Fashioning female power in Flavian epic
686:
that a sacrifice to Tellus was needed. As is often the case with
3108:
2961:
2155:
1809:
1483:
790:
707:
503:
2534:
1702:
Kuttner, Ann (1999). "Culture and history at Pompey's museum".
1133:
Time in Roman Religion: One thousand years of religious history
277:
in rituals pertaining to the earth and agricultural fertility.
2770:
2227:
Religion in Republican Rome: Rationalization and ritual change
180:
1871:
Stambaugh, John E. (1978). "The functions of Roman temples".
880:, votive inscriptions record dedications to Terra Mater from
2989:
2176:
Harmon, Daniel P. (1986). "Religion in the Latin elegists".
921:
The attributes of the central figure on this panel of the
893:
These are all dated April 21, when the founding day (
826:("cereal rite") was carried out for Tellus and Ceres by a
495:), and that they were the sole survivors from the line of
622:. In January, both goddesses were honored as "mothers of
794:) were dedicated to seven other deities, invoked as the
430:) for her functional sphere the earth, just as the name
1635:
According to Taylor it was on the lower slopes of the
667:. The institution of the Fordicidia was attributed to
267:(1st century BC) lists Tellus as one of the
1704:
Transactions of the American Philological Association
1211:
Lawrence, Marion (1965). "The Velletri Sarcophagus".
1146:
McDonough, Christopher M. (2010). "Roman Religion".
3379:
3341:
3315:
3284:
3243:
3171:
3087:
3066:
3000:
2864:
2572:
1150:. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. p. 97.
215:
205:
195:
190:
172:
161:
146:
127:
122:
114:
106:
94:
39:
2288:Cato and Gellius name Ceres as the sole recipient.
2109:Semiotics around the World: Synthesis in Diversity
2060:
2058:
2056:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1148:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome
1093:
1091:
1452:Studies in Roman Literature, Culture and Religion
1421:
1419:
1417:
1382:The Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic
768:. Her ceremonies were conducted by "Greek rite" (
749:, a ritual substance used later in April for the
745:, who used the ash from the holocaust to prepare
733:, the most ancient divisions of the city made by
611:depicting a Mother Earth figure (3rd century AD).
65:Terra reclining with the Seasons, accompanied by
2479:Indo-European sacred space: Vedic and Roman cult
2229:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 181.
2013:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. p.
1668:, the house that was ornamented with the prows (
1576:. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
364:are thought to derive from the formulaic phrase
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
1186:
1184:
741:. The state sacrifice was presided over by the
510:("site, location") of growth, and Ceres as its
426:is the goddess, whose name can be substituted (
386:The 4th century AD Latin commentator
2524:. pp. 33, 41–42 – via Google Books.
2009:Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic
1585:
1583:
1574:A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1357:. Oxford University Press. 1996. p. 1480.
1325:
1323:
2546:
2239:As cited by Nonius, p. 240 in the edition of
1735:
1733:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1301:Etymological Dictionary of the Latin Language
1297:Dictionnaire Etymologique De La Langue Latine
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1161:
1159:
1157:
8:
2481:. University of Illinois Press. p. 115.
2442:Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae
2345:The Religious Experience of the Roman People
2159:from ancient ideology to modern anthropology
2492:Stahl, William Harris; Bruge, E.L. (1977).
2439:For more on the iconography of Tellus, see
2074:. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press.
1955:McDermott, William C. (1971). "Q. Cicero".
1912:(1966). "The ambitions of Quintus Cicero".
98:
2586:
2553:
2539:
2531:
2513:Primae de coelo et terra institutiones ...
2396:Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt
2376:. Oxford University Press. sect. 6.2.
2357:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2178:Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt
1873:Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt
1394:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
577:) of its dedication was December 13.
59:
846:, the two goddesses jointly received the
659:held April 15, in the middle of the
655:, a festival pertaining to fertility and
2496:. Columbia University Press. p. 23.
2464:On the Marriage of Philology and Mercury
1047:This article preserves the nomenclature
955:, farm animals, and vegetable products.
916:
1313:Augoustakis (2010) citing the entry on
1067:
1040:
690:, the message required interpretation:
532:was the most prominent landmark of the
376:is uncertain; it is perhaps related to
2350:
2161:. Cambridge University Press. p.
1387:
1055:as used by individual ancient sources.
36:
2068:; North, J.A.; Price, S.R.F. (1998).
857:Tellus was felt to be present during
7:
1256:Larousse Desk Reference Encyclopedia
901:restored a temple of Terra Mater at
536:, a fashionable neighborhood on the
506:distinguishes between Tellus as the
320:, is a direct transfer of the Greek
312:. Michael Lipka has argued that the
3480:Personifications in Roman mythology
1593:(1925). "The Mother of the Lares".
1426:Schilling, Robert (1992) . "Rome".
1106:. Oxford University Press. p.
402:, he says, is properly used of the
2460:De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii
1464:Varro cited by Wagenvoort (1956).
1175:Agricultural Topics in Three Books
280:The attributes of Tellus were the
118:Fruit, flowers, cornucopia, cattle
25:
1282:Roman Gods: A conceptual approach
729:, and also by each of the thirty
476:Not without cause was the Earth (
316:who appeared during the reign of
2297:Schilling "Cicero as Theologian"
2194:frg. 266 (edition of Cardauns),
2151:Smith, Christopher John (2006).
1432:from the French edition of 1981.
1408:Fowler (1908), who concurs with
971:are mentioned, although rarely.
2456:Martianus Minneus Felix Capella
1595:American Journal of Archaeology
1355:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
1213:American Journal of Archaeology
1008:astronomical naming conventions
580:A mysterious object called the
557:The temple was the result of a
2111:. Vol. 1. pp. 64–66.
1430:. University of Chicago Press.
1428:Roman and European Mythologies
1:
2372:Hirt, Alfred Michael (2010).
1745:Letters to My Brother Quintus
1572:Richardson, Lawrence (1992).
390:distinguishes between use of
2141:, as noted by Fowler (1908).
2071:Religions of Rome: A history
1098:Augoustakis, Antony (2010).
951:, typically identified by a
352:), 1st century CE.
342:A dedicatory inscription to
1336:note on [Virgil's]
1171:Rerum rusticarum libri tres
406:, earth as one of the four
3511:
3048:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
2987:
2477:Woodard, Roger D. (2006).
1825:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
1780:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
1489:Fastorum Libri Sex (Fasti)
1450:(1956). "Initia Cereris".
1024:Telluride (disambiguation)
905:, a silver mining area of
368:, meaning "dry land". The
29:
3043:Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
2589:
2084:– via Google Books.
1494:Six Books on the Calendar
651:of a pregnant cow at the
58:
44:
3302:Rape of the Sabine Women
2243:, as cited by Schilling
1914:Journal of Roman Studies
1331:Maurus Servius Honoratus
1135:. Routledge. p. 73.
979:but by no other source.
963:Male counterparts named
263:or earlier. The scholar
243:("Mother Earth") is the
206:Indo-European equivalent
3307:Battle of Lacus Curtius
2327:The Roman Goddess Ceres
2180:. 2.16.3, p. 1958.
1978:De haruspicum responsis
1875:. II.16.1, p. 571.
1858:De haruspicum responsis
1280:Lipka, Michael (2009).
1131:Forsythe, Gary (2012).
1075:Ushaku, Ruzhdi (1988).
710:and by the 6th-century
3440:Agricultural goddesses
2994:
2562:Ancient Roman religion
2347:. London. p. 122.
1295:Ernout-Meillet (ed.).
1167:Marcus Terentius Varro
1081:Gjurmime Albanologjike
999:is the name of planet
926:
700:
612:
501:
353:
229:ancient Roman religion
99:
2993:
2341:Fowler, William Warde
1672:) from the so-called
1378:Fowler, William Warde
937:, which is framed by
920:
803:, Iuno, Terra Mater,
739:original three tribes
692:
606:
540:. It was near homes (
474:
341:
3187:Interpretatio graeca
2153:The Roman Clan: The
1741:Marcus Tulius Cicero
1484:Publius Ovidius Naso
933:relief panel of the
647:Tellus received the
3455:Fertility goddesses
3445:Childhood goddesses
3387:Classical mythology
3208:Theology of victory
3053:Kings of Alba Longa
2508:Nabodus, Valentinus
2137:, 4.49, drawing on
1448:Wagenvoort, Hendrik
818:Prayers and rituals
493:et utilem ... vitam
216:Albanian equivalent
85:, AD 200–250,
2995:
2039:feriae conceptivae
1303:] (in French).
1192:Augustine of Hippo
987:In several modern
973:Augustine of Hippo
927:
632:feriae conceptivae
613:
514:("cause, agent").
436:is used for fire,
408:classical elements
383:, "plain ground".
354:
346:fulfilling a vow (
3490:Earth in religion
3427:
3426:
3404:Etruscan religion
3018:Romulus and Remus
3001:Legendary figures
2985:
2984:
2634:Castor and Pollux
1591:Taylor, Lily Ross
1317:in Ernout-Meillet
1117:978-0-19-958441-3
989:Romance languages
899:Septimius Severus
876:, at present-day
848:porca praecidanea
721:on behalf of the
698:) for the rites."
440:for produce, and
298:Greek counterpart
225:
224:
16:(Redirected from
3502:
3475:Personifications
3465:Nature goddesses
3460:Mother goddesses
3297:Founding of Rome
3067:Legendary beings
3028:Tullus Hostilius
2865:Abstract deities
2724:Lares Familiares
2587:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2504:
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2497:
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2410:
2404:
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2219:
2213:
2208:
2196:Servius Danielis
2188:
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2166:
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2128:
2122:
2112:
2104:
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2042:
2035:
2029:
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2012:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1868:
1862:
1853:
1847:
1840:Valerius Maximus
1837:
1831:
1822:
1816:
1807:
1801:
1792:
1786:
1773:Valerius Maximus
1770:
1764:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1737:
1728:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1699:
1693:
1683:
1677:
1674:Cilician pirates
1659:
1653:
1646:
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1633:
1627:
1626:
1587:
1578:
1577:
1569:
1550:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1517:
1508:Dumézil, Georges
1504:
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1462:
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1343:
1327:
1318:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1277:
1264:
1263:
1254:Haydock (1995).
1251:
1245:
1244:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1163:
1152:
1151:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1105:
1095:
1086:
1084:
1072:
1056:
1045:
1029:Phra Mae Thorani
859:rites of passage
657:animal husbandry
591:, set up by his
530:Temple of Tellus
304:, and among the
196:Greek equivalent
102:
63:
37:
21:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3470:Roman goddesses
3450:Earth goddesses
3430:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3419:Myth and ritual
3414:Greek mythology
3375:
3337:
3333:Pignora imperii
3328:Parabiago Plate
3311:
3280:
3239:
3173:
3167:
3149:Sibylline Books
3083:
3062:
3033:Servius Tullius
2996:
2981:
2860:
2576:
2568:
2559:
2529:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2438:
2434:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2411:
2407:
2393:
2392:
2381:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2349:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2241:Wallace Lindsay
2238:
2234:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2204:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2129:
2125:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2064:
2063:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1972:
1968:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1854:
1850:
1838:
1834:
1823:
1819:
1808:
1804:
1793:
1789:
1771:
1767:
1756:
1752:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1719:
1715:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1684:
1680:
1660:
1656:
1647:
1643:
1634:
1630:
1589:
1588:
1581:
1571:
1570:
1553:
1541:
1537:
1530:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1482:
1481:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1446:
1445:
1436:
1425:
1424:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1386:
1376:
1375:
1362:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1329:
1328:
1321:
1312:
1308:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1279:
1278:
1267:
1260:The Book People
1253:
1252:
1248:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1197:De civitate Dei
1190:
1189:
1182:
1165:
1164:
1155:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1097:
1096:
1089:
1083:. 17–18: 63–76.
1074:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1020:
985:
961:
945:personification
915:
907:Moesia Superior
872:mining area of
842:. According to
832:Flamen Cerialis
830:, probably the
820:
601:
569:Spurius Cassius
546:) belonging to
526:
428:ponimus ... pro
336:
308:, her name was
292:) or a form of
245:personification
90:
54:
48:personification
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Terra (goddess)
15:
12:
11:
5:
3508:
3506:
3498:
3497:
3495:Cattle deities
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3432:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3389:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3271:Pythagoreanism
3268:
3266:Peripateticism
3263:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3160:The Golden Ass
3151:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3132:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3118:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3079:Barnacle goose
3076:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3023:Numa Pompilius
3020:
3015:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2570:
2569:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2535:
2528:
2527:
2499:
2484:
2469:
2447:
2445:, 7.1.879–889.
2432:
2417:
2405:
2379:
2364:
2332:
2317:
2299:
2290:
2281:
2263:
2258:On Agriculture
2245:
2232:
2214:
2183:
2168:
2143:
2123:
2099:
2087:
2080:
2052:
2043:
2030:
2023:
2003:Scullard, H.H.
1994:
1982:
1966:
1947:
1926:10.2307/300137
1901:
1878:
1863:
1848:
1832:
1817:
1802:
1787:
1765:
1750:
1729:
1725:Life of Cicero
1713:
1694:
1678:
1666:domus rostrata
1654:
1641:
1637:Esquiline Hill
1628:
1607:10.2307/497560
1601:(3): 299–313.
1579:
1551:
1535:
1528:
1499:
1466:
1457:
1434:
1413:
1410:Ludwig Preller
1401:
1360:
1345:
1319:
1306:
1287:
1265:
1262:. p. 215.
1246:
1225:10.2307/502285
1203:
1180:
1153:
1138:
1123:
1116:
1087:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1019:
1016:
984:
981:
960:
957:
914:
911:
824:sacrum ceriale
819:
816:
766:Campus Martius
669:Numa Pompilius
665:Roman calendar
628:moveable feast
607:Detail from a
600:
597:
593:brother Marcus
589:Quintus Cicero
525:
522:
356:The two words
335:
332:
223:
222:
217:
213:
212:
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
188:
187:
174:
170:
169:
163:
159:
158:
148:
144:
143:
129:
125:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
96:
92:
91:
64:
56:
55:
45:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3507:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3193:Imperial cult
3191:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:and practices
3170:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3122:Metamorphoses
3119:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3038:Ancus Marcius
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2992:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2967:Tranquillitas
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2580:Dii Consentes
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2544:
2542:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2495:
2488:
2485:
2480:
2473:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2436:
2433:
2429:. p. 12.
2428:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2368:
2365:
2360:
2354:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2211:Fabius Pictor
2207:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2179:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2081:9780521316828
2077:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2024:9780801414022
2020:
2016:
2011:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1990:Frugum matres
1986:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1910:Wiseman, T.P.
1905:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1879:
1874:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1690:Bellum Civile
1687:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1536:
1531:
1529:9780520028418
1525:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1397:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1349:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1288:
1283:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1127:
1124:
1119:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1103:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1085:pp=92, 95–97.
1082:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
982:
980:
978:
974:
970:
966:
958:
956:
954:
950:
949:Four Elements
946:
942:
941:
936:
932:
924:
919:
912:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
895:dies natalis,
891:
889:
885:
884:
879:
875:
871:
867:
862:
860:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
817:
815:
813:
812:
807:
806:
802:
798:
793:
792:
787:
783:
779:
778:
773:
772:
771:ritus graecus
767:
763:
759:
758:Secular Games
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
713:
709:
705:
699:
697:
691:
689:
685:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
645:
643:
642:
641:lectisternium
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
610:
605:
598:
596:
594:
590:
585:
583:
578:
576:
575:
570:
566:
562:
561:
555:
553:
549:
545:
544:
539:
535:
531:
523:
521:
519:
518:
513:
509:
505:
500:
498:
494:
492:
487:
483:
479:
473:
471:
467:
463:
461:
460:Arval priests
457:
453:
449:
445:
444:
439:
435:
434:
429:
425:
421:
418:), and fire (
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
351:
350:
345:
340:
333:
331:
329:
328:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
278:
276:
272:
271:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
221:
218:
214:
211:
208:
204:
201:
198:
194:
189:
186:
182:
178:
175:
171:
167:
164:
160:
156:
152:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
130:
126:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
62:
57:
53:
49:
43:
38:
33:
19:
3323:Gubernaculum
3292:Golden Bough
3261:Neoplatonism
3256:Epicureanism
3185:
3158:
3139:
3120:
3113:
3099:
2971:
2604:Anna Perenna
2578:
2517:
2512:
2502:
2493:
2487:
2478:
2472:
2466:]. 1.49.
2463:
2459:
2450:
2440:
2435:
2426:
2420:
2412:
2408:
2399:
2395:
2373:
2367:
2344:
2335:
2329:. p. 5.
2326:
2320:
2310:
2302:
2293:
2284:
2276:Attic Nights
2275:
2266:
2257:
2248:
2235:
2226:
2217:
2199:
2192:Antiquitates
2191:
2186:
2177:
2171:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2134:
2126:
2113:– discusses
2108:
2102:
2094:
2090:
2070:
2046:
2038:
2033:
2008:
1997:
1989:
1985:
1977:
1969:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1920:(1–2): 110.
1917:
1913:
1904:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1872:
1866:
1857:
1851:
1835:
1820:
1805:
1796:
1790:
1768:
1753:
1744:
1724:
1716:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1689:
1681:
1669:
1665:
1657:
1649:
1644:
1631:
1598:
1594:
1573:
1546:
1538:
1513:
1502:
1493:
1488:
1460:
1451:
1427:
1404:
1381:
1354:
1348:
1339:
1335:
1314:
1309:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1281:
1255:
1249:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1196:
1174:
1170:
1147:
1141:
1132:
1126:
1101:
1080:
1070:
1052:
1048:
1043:
996:
992:
986:
968:
964:
962:
938:
930:
928:
894:
892:
887:
881:
863:
856:
847:
838:twelve male
823:
821:
809:
799:, Iuppiter,
795:
789:
775:
769:
755:
746:
730:
701:
695:
693:
677:king of Rome
646:
639:
631:
614:
587:A statue of
586:
582:magmentarium
581:
579:
574:dies natalis
572:
558:
556:
541:
527:
515:
511:
507:
502:
489:
485:
481:
477:
475:
472:with Ceres:
469:
464:
447:
441:
437:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
403:
399:
395:
391:
385:
380:
373:
366:tersa tellus
365:
361:
357:
355:
347:
343:
325:
321:
313:
279:
268:
256:
253:Imperial era
240:
237:Tellus Mater
236:
226:
3397:Persecution
3349:Gallo-Roman
3141:Res divinae
3013:Rhea Silvia
2223:Rüpke, Jörg
2135:De Mensibus
2066:Beard, Mary
1797:De domo sua
1648:Suetonius,
913:Iconography
840:helper gods
834:, who also
756:During the
712:antiquarian
609:sarcophagus
550:and to the
538:Oppian Hill
497:King Saturn
470:Terra Mater
468:identifies
344:Terra Mater
314:Terra Mater
241:Terra Mater
191:Equivalents
95:Other names
3434:Categories
3342:Variations
3244:Philosophy
3223:Capitolium
3130:Propertius
2897:Averruncus
2882:Aeternitas
2872:Abundantia
2801:Proserpina
2309:, note to
2198:, note to
2131:John Lydus
2121:parallels.
1650:Grammatici
1547:Grammatici
1353:"Tellus".
1219:(3): 212.
1063:References
983:In science
953:cornucopia
870:provincial
786:Proserpina
715:John Lydus
684:in a dream
653:Fordicidia
636:Sementivae
446:for wine.
414:), water (
410:with air (
282:cornucopia
270:di selecti
87:Glyptothek
3369:Mithraism
3354:Mysteries
3203:Palladium
3181:Festivals
2957:Securitas
2907:Concordia
2851:Vertumnus
2669:DÄ«s Pater
2566:mythology
2353:cite book
2209:, citing
1942:163483058
1888:nobilitas
1623:192992171
1543:Suetonius
1390:cite book
1384:. London.
1241:193124610
1012:tellurian
935:Ara Pacis
923:Ara Pacis
888:ferrariae
782:Dis pater
737:from the
719:holocaust
649:sacrifice
626:" at the
616:Festivals
599:Festivals
480:) called
404:elementum
370:etymology
306:Etruscans
233:mythology
168:(Hyginus)
123:Genealogy
73:within a
3409:Glossary
3380:See also
3276:Stoicism
3251:Cynicism
3213:Pomerium
3172:Concepts
3154:Apuleius
3074:She-wolf
3058:Hersilia
2977:Victoria
2877:Aequitas
2831:Summanus
2821:Silvanus
2806:Quirinus
2736:Libertas
2699:Hercules
2644:Cloacina
2629:Carmenta
2624:Bona Dea
2599:Angerona
2594:Agenoria
2510:(1573).
2343:(1922).
2325:Spaeth.
2278:. 4.6.8.
2225:(2012).
2201:Georgics
2005:(1981).
1957:Historia
1898:(1): 28.
1892:Historia
1855:Cicero,
1794:Cicero,
1721:Plutarch
1514:Camillus
1510:(1980).
1454:. Brill.
1380:(1908).
1284:. Brill.
1018:See also
969:Tellurus
940:bucrania
874:Pannonia
866:epitaphs
801:Ilithyia
777:pomerium
762:Tarentum
747:suffimen
704:Augustan
661:Cerialia
554:family.
433:Vulcanus
378:Sanskrit
327:pomerium
322:Ge Mater
318:Augustus
261:Republic
173:Children
147:Siblings
83:Sentinum
3392:Decline
3316:Objects
3218:Temples
3198:Charity
2932:Laverna
2922:Fortuna
2912:Feronia
2841:Veritas
2811:Salacia
2796:Priapus
2781:Penates
2761:Neptune
2756:Minerva
2751:Mercury
2714:Jupiter
2654:Dea Dia
2619:Bellona
2574:Deities
2520:].
2307:Servius
2272:Gellius
2190:Varro,
2119:Hittite
1992:, Ovid
1814:2.41.11
1692:, 2.126
977:Capella
965:Tellumo
959:Tellumo
878:Ljubija
852:Demeter
836:invoked
764:in the
751:Parilia
743:Vestals
735:Romulus
727:Capitol
725:at the
688:oracles
675:second
624:produce
565:Picenes
534:Carinae
458:by the
456:Dea Dia
454:called
388:Servius
294:Jupiter
247:of the
210:Dʰéǵʰōm
162:Consort
155:Hyginus
140:Hyginus
128:Parents
77:wheel (
50:of the
3359:Cybele
3285:Events
3233:Celtic
3101:Aeneid
3095:Virgil
3008:Aeneas
2942:Pietas
2927:Fontus
2902:Caelus
2892:Annona
2887:Africa
2856:Vulcan
2816:Saturn
2791:Pomona
2694:Genius
2684:Faunus
2674:Egeria
2614:Aurora
2609:Apollo
2522:Venete
2415:3.8333
2312:Aeneid
2260:. 134.
2206:"1.21"
2078:
2021:
1974:Cicero
1963:: 107.
1940:
1934:300137
1932:
1844:6.3.1b
1829:8.79.3
1783:8.79.3
1776:6.3.1b
1762:1.14.2
1758:Florus
1710:: 349.
1686:Appian
1670:rostra
1662:Pompey
1621:
1615:497560
1613:
1526:
1496:].
1338:Aeneid
1315:tellus
1239:
1233:502285
1231:
1177:].
1114:
1049:Tellus
931:Italia
903:Rudnik
883:vilici
828:flamen
805:Apollo
797:Moerae
731:curiae
696:animae
681:Faunus
673:Sabine
671:, the
552:Cicero
548:Pompey
524:Temple
452:spirit
448:Tellus
424:Tellus
412:Ventus
392:tellus
374:tellus
362:tellus
296:. Her
290:Uranus
286:Caelus
257:Tellus
177:Saturn
166:Caelus
151:Caelus
132:Aether
115:Symbol
100:Tellus
79:mosaic
75:zodiac
71:Uranus
3485:World
3228:Cella
3135:Varro
3115:Fasti
3088:Texts
2972:Terra
2952:Salus
2917:Fides
2846:Vesta
2836:Venus
2786:Pluto
2776:Orcus
2731:Liber
2719:Lares
2704:Janus
2689:Flora
2679:Fauna
2659:Diana
2649:Cupid
2639:Ceres
2516:[
2462:[
2315:4.166
2139:Varro
2115:Vedic
1980:, 31.
1938:S2CID
1930:JSTOR
1727:, 8.3
1619:S2CID
1611:JSTOR
1492:[
1299:[
1237:S2CID
1229:JSTOR
1173:[
1053:Terra
1035:Notes
1005:Latin
1001:Earth
997:Terre
993:Terra
844:Varro
811:Diana
723:state
706:poet
634:) of
620:Ceres
560:votum
543:domūs
517:Mater
512:causa
508:locus
486:Ceres
482:Mater
478:Terra
466:Varro
443:Liber
438:Ceres
420:Ignis
400:Terra
396:terra
381:talam
358:terra
349:votum
275:Ceres
265:Varro
249:Earth
185:Janus
110:Earth
107:Abode
81:from
52:Earth
40:Terra
32:Terra
3364:Isis
3109:Ovid
2962:Spes
2947:Roma
2746:Mars
2741:Luna
2709:Juno
2664:Dies
2564:and
2402:(6).
2359:link
2254:Cato
2156:gens
2117:and
2076:ISBN
2019:ISBN
1810:Livy
1652:, 15
1524:ISBN
1396:link
1112:ISBN
822:The
808:and
791:ludi
784:and
708:Ovid
528:The
504:Ovid
491:piam
484:and
416:Aqua
394:and
360:and
334:Name
302:Gaia
231:and
200:Gaia
136:Dies
134:and
67:Aion
46:The
2937:Pax
2826:Sol
2771:Ops
2766:Nox
2413:CIL
2163:207
1922:doi
1890:".
1799:101
1708:129
1664:'s
1603:doi
1221:doi
1108:124
1051:or
1014:".
995:or
967:or
890:).
422:).
372:of
310:Cel
300:is
239:or
227:In
220:Dhé
181:Ops
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