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of the original farm. Compensation for movable property was much less. However, all evacuee families had a right to receive a small farm, and/or a plot for a detached house or a flat. The land used for these grants was confiscated by the state from municipalities and private owners. Financial compensation was funded by a general property tax of 10 to 30%, levied over a period of several years. Because the vast majority of the evacuees who had to settle in the rest of
Finland were from
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Russian. In ProKarelia's vision, nearly half of the
Russian population in Karelia would be estimated to choose to move to Russia, and even more would leave if Finland paid their expenses for doing so. However, most of the Russian-speaking population of Karelia were born there and have spent all their life in the region.
365:, continue to campaign for the peaceful return of Karelia. However, no serious political party has openly supported this goal, and Finnish politicians generally say there is no need for it, citing Finland's peace treaty with Russia. There are some individual politicians who support the return of Karelia, such as
260:
and eventually were evacuated again in 1944. The Soviet Union insisted the ceded areas be completely evacuated in 10 days. The evacuees were partly compensated for their losses; farmers, for example, received land in proportion to their earlier holdings. Usually, the compensation was about one third
595:
If the inhabitants were allowed to stay in their homes, Finland would receive a few hundred thousand new
Russian-speaking people with no experience of living in Finnish society. If services for them in their own language were to be provided, Finland would need many more officials capable of speaking
325:
unofficially offered to sell ceded
Karelia to Finland in 1991 but was declined. However, according to many Finnish political leaders and the Russian vice Prime Minister of the time, there were no such offers, only unofficial probing of the idea. Andrei Fyodorov, an advisor of Boris Yeltsin, told the
400:
Both Russia and
Finland have repeatedly stated that no open territorial dispute exists between the two countries. Finland's official stance is that the borders may be changed through peaceful negotiations, although there is currently no need to hold open talks, as Russia has shown no intention of
555:
The costs of bringing
Karelia to the same level with the rest of Finland have been researched only by supporters of the idea. According to a survey conducted by ProKarelia, the area has natural advantages that, under Finnish rule, would make it a centre of trade with Russia and industry and thus
490:, determined that 30% of Finns supported and 62% opposed the return. In a poll by Taloustutkimus and Karjalan Liitto conducted in May 2005, support was 26% while 58% were opposed. A year earlier, a poll by STT showed 38% supporting and 57% opposing. A poll by Taloustutkimus was criticized by
501:
Many of the people who were born in
Karelia and were evacuated want Karelia to become part of Finland. According to polls, older people (ages 65 and up) and young people (15-25) support the idea more strongly than the generation of their parents (25â65) who grew up during the
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said that "Finland's official position is that it does not have territorial demands on Russia. However, if Russia wants to discuss returning the ceded areas, Finland is ready for that." Several other politicians holding government office, such as the former foreign minister
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to
Finland in 1956. There was, however, no significant public controversy about the case, because Kekkonen wanted to keep it quiet. The last time Kekkonen tried to raise it was in 1972, but he had no success, and public discussion died out in the 1970s.
498:, such as, "Do you support the return of Karelia, even if it would mean more tense relations or even war with Russia?" 5% of supporters and of those who declined to respond supported the return even under these circumstances (2.1% of all replies).
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that he was part of a group that was tasked by the government of Russia in 1991â1992 with calculating the price of returning
Karelia to Finland. This price was set at 15 billion US dollars. According to Fyodorov, Finnish president
76:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
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stated that such discussions may endanger
FinnishâRussian relations, and in 2001 he said that "changing borders is not the best way to resolve problems", but that possible solutions would be "integration and cooperation".
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592:, 14% of people opposing return said their biggest concern was the tensions that could be caused by a larger Russian-speaking minority in Finland. As of 2004, there were about 370,000 Russians living in the region.
444:
The latest polls show that approximately 26% to 38% of Finns would like to see Karelia return to Finnish control and some 51% to 62% would oppose such a move. In Russia, people associate the word "Karelia" with the
405:
commented that the "seizure of Finnish Karelia" was an example of Stalin's totalitarian and aggressive politics. Later in 1997 he stated that the matter was closed. In 2000 Russian President
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548:, 42% of Finns opposing the return list that as the most important single reason. The standard of living on the Russian side of the border is much lower than on the Finnish side. The
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is an interest group of Karelian evacuees which hopes that Karelia will once again become part of Finland at some point, but does not openly demand it. Some smaller groups, such as
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bring economic growth fast enough to solve the entire problem. According to both ProKarelian research and Arto Lahti's estimate, the price of return would be about 30 billion
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and Russia, and their descendants. The fate of these people is a major issue in discussions of the return of Karelia to Finland. According to a poll by Finnish newspaper
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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nowadays contain very few ethnic Finns, and is almost exclusively inhabited by people who moved there during the Soviet era and their descendants.
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Sergei Prozorov: Border Regions and the Politics of EU-Russian Relations: The Karelian Question and the EU Logic of 'Border Deproblematisation'
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on 13 October 2005, 36% of Finns supported the return of ceded territories, compared to 51% who are opposed. In August 2005, a poll by
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One of the main reasons for opposing the return is the fear of the costs it would bring. According to another poll conducted by
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Finnish Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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and should not campaign for the return of what are now Russian-developed territories. During a debate prior to the
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was against a discussion about the question. Support for regaining the ceded areas is also strong among minor
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stated that if Russia were to be asked to return the ceded areas, "the answer would be absolutely negative".
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also tried to reacquire the territory, especially when the Soviet Union returned the peninsula of
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Pertti Joenniemi. Ways of Managing Border Disputes in Present-Day Europe: The Karelian Question
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Valtiosihteeri Jukka Valtasaaren puhe Karjalan Liitto ry:n seminaarissa 19.5.1998 HelsingissÀ
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The area of Karelia ceded to Russia is inhabited mostly by people who moved there from
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When commenting on poll results on 18 January 2005, the Foreign Minister of Russia
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VenÀlÀispoliitikko uhkaa haastaa Kainuun Sanomat oikeuteen YLE Uutiset 21.08.2007
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194:. Despite the name "Karelian question", the term may refer also to the return of
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Koiviston Karjala-selvitys outo asia ulkopolitiikan sisÀpiirille STT 15.08.2007
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Report: Unofficial offers by Russia in 1991 to return ceded Karelia to Finland
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Jukka Valtasaari. Finnish Foreign Ministry 1998-05-19. Retrieved 2015-08-15.
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Esko Aho: Karjalan palautus ei kuulosta uskottavalta. YLE Uutiset 16.08.2007
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Timo Soini reiterated his view that, if elected, he would advance the issue.
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Koivisto: VenÀjÀ ei tarjonnut Karjalaa Suomelle Helsingin Sanomat 23.8.2007
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Helsingin Sanomat 3 March 2005. ProKarelia movement wants back ceded areas
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Koivisto halusi vaientaa kokonaan keskustelun Karjalan palauttamisesta. (
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273:(the Karelian Association) to defend the rights of Karelians in Finland.
269:. After the Winter War, Karelian municipalities and parishes established
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Diplomatic Diary. Presidential candidates meet the international press.
210:. Sometimes the phrase "debate on the return of the ceded territories" (
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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1007:"HS Foreign 4.9.2001 - Tones of reconciliation during Putin visit"
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returning the ceded areas, or discussing the question. In 1994
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Fyodorov: Koivisto ja VÀyrynen tiesivÀt Karjala-tunnusteluista
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Koivisto wanted to silence discussion about returning Karelia
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supported returning Karelia to Finland and 57% were opposed.
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debatten om tillbakalÀmningen av de avtrÀdda territorierna
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Mauri Rastas's news collection about returning of Karelia
384:. Other candidates have stated that Finland has signed a
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Martti Ahtisaari. In press meeting, Kuopio 30 July 1998.
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Map showing areas ceded by Finland to the Soviet Union;
1371:â Discussion forum concentrated in the Karelia question
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Arto Lahti's lecture in Karjala seminar 23 August 2005
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HS-Gallup: SelvÀ enemmistö ei halua Karjalaa takaisin
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Karjalan suomalaistilojen korvaukset Sodan jÀlkeeen.
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over whether to try to regain control over eastern
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287:moving towards Western Finland during winter 1940.
18:Territories ceded by Finland to the Soviet Union
1306:Saimaa Canal links two Karelias, thisisFINLAND
1077:21 August 2005. Accessed on 17 September 2019.
768:. University of Tampere. Retrieved 1-30-2008.
465:and the rest of the ceded Karelia outside the
94:accompanying your translation by providing an
60:Click for important translation instructions.
47:expand this article with text translated from
1120:"Eg. ProKarelia's article on 17 October 2005"
429:, have made statements along the same lines.
299:lobbied for the return of Karelia. President
211:
8:
1333:Pre-war Finnish topographic maps of Karelia.
1222:Karjalan palauttamisen lasketaan kannattavan
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781:Kekkonen nosti Karjala-kysymyksen esiin 1968
339:were aware of these unofficial discussions.
753:Reino Paju 9-15-2003. Retrieved 1-30-2008.
552:in Finland is about double that of Russia.
534:Blocks of flats built in the Soviet era in
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213:luovutettujen alueiden palautuskeskustelu
1446:Territorial disputes of the Soviet Union
1145:Karjalan Liitto and Taloustutkimus, poll
807:Kekkonen kehottaa karjalaisia vaitioloon
792:Kekkonen raised Karelia question in 1968
705:Territorial changes of the Baltic states
1347:Information also available in English:
933:Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland
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295:, the Karelian-born Finnish politician
321:in August 2007, the Russian president
236:was forced to cede territories to the
660:Former eastern territories of Germany
472:In a poll conducted by the newspaper
7:
572:Countryside houses. A picture from
256:. Most of them returned during the
182:and other territories ceded to the
1397:, a petition for returning Karelia
1101:Karjalan Liitto and Taloustutkimus
1069:Provokaattoreita ja sovittelijoita
766:Koskesta voimaa â maanhankintalaki
715:Unification of Moldova and Romania
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710:Treaty of Tartu (RussianâFinnish)
232:The Karelian question arose when
106:{{Translated|fi|Karjala-kysymys}}
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138:was returned to Finland in 1956.
34:
833:Saimaa Canal links two Karelias
1441:Territorial disputes of Russia
1416:FinlandâSoviet Union relations
254:evacuated from the ceded areas
104:You may also add the template
1:
1004:, Helsingin Sanomat 9/5/2001
919:5.9.2007, accessed 13.3.2008
818:Kekkonen suggest to be quiet
374:presidential election of 2006
335:and Finnish foreign minister
1436:Political history of Finland
372:, and two candidates in the
476:and the research institute
313:breakup of the Soviet Union
265:, the question was labeled
117:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
27:Dispute in Finnish politics
1477:
1337:Viipuri (Vyborg) map, 1937
390:2012 presidential election
206:, and four islands in the
68:Machine translation, like
1166:) STT-IA 23 January 1998
1043:'s question in Eduskunta
440:Polls and popular opinion
351:Finnish era buildings in
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49:the corresponding article
1411:FinlandâRussia relations
1343:Supporting organizations
1456:Political controversies
457:, 34% of the people of
115:For more guidance, see
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521:Problems and arguments
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1461:FinlandâRussia border
1260:"2004 Russian Census"
1198:"ProKarelia's Reform"
1169:"Kekkonen Ja Karjala"
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267:The Karelian Question
133:
88:copyright attribution
1039:Tuomioja's reply to
680:Kaliningrad question
550:GDP (PPP) per capita
1421:Finnish irredentism
695:Moscow Peace Treaty
506:. Former President
467:Republic of Karelia
447:Republic of Karelia
425:and prime minister
297:Johannes Virolainen
246:Moscow peace treaty
1431:National questions
1426:History of Karelia
1362:2020-09-26 at the
1246:2016-12-12 at the
1227:2008-04-08 at the
1054:Matti Vanhanen in
981:2015-09-24 at the
812:2007-10-17 at the
786:2008-04-08 at the
749:2008-04-08 at the
650:History of Karelia
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174:) is a dispute in
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96:interlanguage link
1451:History of Vyborg
1395:Kansalaisvetoomus
1074:Helsingin Sanomat
957:on 6 January 2013
850:Helsingin Sanomat
835:â This is Finland
590:Helsingin Sanomat
545:Helsingin Sanomat
496:leading questions
483:Helsingin Sanomat
415:Finnish President
396:Official opinions
328:Helsingin Sanomat
318:Helsingin Sanomat
198:, ceded parts of
172:ĐĐ°ŃДлŃŃĐșĐžĐč ĐČĐŸĐżŃĐŸŃ
144:Karelian question
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