508:
367:
42:
416:, and tetanus. This acellular vaccine is safer than the previously used DTP with whole inactivated pertussis (now retroactively notated DTwP). Another option is DT, which is a combination of diphtheria and tetanus vaccines. This is given as an alternative to infants who have conflicts with the DTaP vaccine. Quadrivalent, pentavalent, and hexavalent formulations contain DTaP with one or more of the additional vaccines: inactivated
450:(WHO) recommends six doses in childhood starting at six weeks of age. Four doses of DTaP are to be given in early childhood. The first dose should be around two months of age, the second at four months, the third at six, and the fourth from fifteen to eighteen months of age. There is a recommended fifth dose to be administered to four- to six-year-olds.
3126:
1646:
1606:
1563:
1439:
1386:
1299:
1260:
1188:
975:
936:
885:
812:
723:
588:) was first used in 1948, and was continued until 1991, when it was replaced with an acellular form of the pertussis vaccine due to safety concerns. Half of those who received the DT(w)P vaccine had redness, swelling, and pain around the injection site, which convinced researchers to find a replacement vaccine.
374:
Vaccination confers near-complete protection from tetanus, provided the individual has received their recommended booster shots. Globally, deaths from tetanus in newborns decreased from 787,000 in 1988 to 58,000 in 2010, and 34,000 deaths in 2015 (a 96% decrease from 1988). In the 1940s, before the
515:
Common side effects of the tetanus vaccine include fever, redness, and swelling with soreness or tenderness around the injection site (one in five people have redness or swelling). Body aches and tiredness have been reported following Tdap. Td / Tdap can cause painful swelling of the entire arm in
391:
during each pregnancy, preferably between weeks 27 and 36, to allow antibody transfer to the fetus. All postpartum women who have not previously received the Tdap vaccine are recommended to get it prior to discharge after delivery. It is recommended for pregnant women who have never received the
499:(ACIP) recommended that either tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td) vaccine or Tdap to be used for the decennial Td booster, tetanus prevention during wound management, and for additional required doses in the catch-up immunization schedule if a person has received at least one Tdap dose.
375:
vaccine, there were about 550 cases of tetanus per year in the United States, which has decreased to about 30 cases per year in the 2000s. Nearly all cases are among those who have never received a vaccine, or adults who have not stayed up to date on their 10-year booster shots.
453:
Td and Tdap are for older children, adolescents, and adults and can be injected into the deltoid muscle. These are boosters and are recommended every ten years. It is safe to have shorter intervals between a single dose of Tdap and a dose of the Td booster.
1507:
The Safety of
Immunizing with Tetanus–diphtheria–acellular Pertussis Vaccine (Tdap) Less than 2 Years following Previous Tetanus Vaccination: Experience during a Mass Vaccination Campaign of Healthcare Personnel during a Respiratory Illness
591:
Two new vaccines were launched in 1992. These combined tetanus and diphtheria with acellular pertussis (TDaP or DTaP), which could be given to adolescents and adults (as opposed to previously when the vaccine was only given to children).
291:
After three doses, almost everyone is initially immune, but additional doses every ten years are recommended to maintain immunity. A booster shot should be given within 48 hours of an injury to people whose immunization is out of date.
480:
Tdap is given as a one-time, first-time-only dose that includes the tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccinations. This should not be administered to those who are under the age of eleven or over the age of sixty-five.
337:
and tetanus vaccines. DTaP and DT are given to children less than seven years old, while Tdap and Td are given to those seven years old and older. The lowercase d and p denote lower strengths of diphtheria and pertussis vaccines.
609:
3166:
392:
tetanus vaccine (i.e., neither DTP or DTaP, nor DT as a child or Td or TT as an adult) to receive a series of three Td vaccinations starting during pregnancy to ensure protection against maternal and
777:"Updated recommendations for use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) in pregnant women--Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2012"
439:
Because DTaP and DT are administered to children less than a year old, the recommended location for injection is the anterolateral thigh muscle. However, these vaccines can be injected into the
1458:"Combined hexavalent diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B-inactivated poliovirus-Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine; Infanrix™ hexa: twelve years of experience in Italy"
1405:"Licensure of a diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis adsorbed, inactivated poliovirus, and haemophilus B conjugate vaccine and guidance for use in infants and children"
466:
production (antibodies) is not at a constant high rate of activity. This is because after the introduction of the vaccine when lymphocyte production is high, the production activity of
842:"Use of Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2019"
145:
252:
3029:
396:. In such cases, Tdap is recommended to be substituted for one dose of Td, again preferably between 27 and 36 weeks of gestation, and then the series completed with Td.
345:
was developed in 1890, with its protective effects lasting a few weeks. The tetanus toxoid vaccine was developed in 1924, and came into common use for soldiers in
2172:
1696:"Prevention of Pertussis, Tetanus, and Diphtheria with Vaccines in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)"
1581:"Update: vaccine side effects, adverse reactions, contraindications, and precautions. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)"
310:
Redness and pain at the site of injection occur in between 25% and 85% of people. Fever, feeling tired, and minor muscle pain occurs in less than 10% of people.
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1368:
748:
2212:
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496:
1925:
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1853:
1627:
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1364:
1282:
1241:
1147:
958:
917:
712:
492:
1974:
2609:
2222:
3080:
3008:
1170:
1164:
1082:
The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023)
350:
2614:
1548:
477:
Td and Tdap are the booster shots given every ten years to maintain immunity for adults nineteen years of age to sixty-five years of age.
1063:
2646:
2324:
2177:
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2393:
2363:
1996:
921:
384:
716:
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1817:
1278:"Pregnancy Guidelines and Recommendations by Vaccine - Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis (Tdap); & Tetanus and Diphtheria (Td)"
1057:
1030:
1003:
1832:
1667:
1424:
3035:
2005:
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1631:
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version of the vaccine, created in 1938, was proven to be successful when it was used to prevent tetanus in the military during
2656:
2624:
2448:
2398:
175:
103:
2714:
1153:
Epidemiology and
Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (CDC, Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases)
2319:
1964:
2512:
2217:
421:
295:
Confirming that pregnant women are up to date on tetanus immunization during each pregnancy can prevent both maternal and
1245:
3097:
655:
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740:
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2071:
2054:
122:
2684:
1799:
1214:
1205:
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651:
447:
1954:
560:
The first vaccine for passive immunology was discovered by a group of German scientists under the leadership of
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3151:
2639:
2604:
2599:
2594:
1968:
1958:
1948:
1938:
1828:
488:. However, Td has less of the diphtheria toxoid, which is why the "d" is lowercase and the "T" is capitalized.
3085:
3018:
2999:
2795:
2767:
2729:
2724:
2704:
2227:
133:
3066:
2995:
1989:
1277:
954:"Recommended Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule for ages 18 years or younger, United States, 2020"
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2895:
2890:
2341:
2287:
2197:
953:
1944:
2944:
2885:
2676:
2314:
2192:
2143:
2110:
2044:
1920:
484:
Td is the booster shot given to people over the age of seven and includes the tetanus and diphtheria
1862:
507:
2867:
2833:
2719:
2485:
2480:
2426:
2257:
2125:
2097:
2049:
1151:
214:
2900:
2734:
2475:
2436:
2421:
2297:
2267:
2187:
2105:
1105:
533:
334:
326:
1904:
1536:
1318:"Choosing from Whole Cell and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines-Dilemma for the Developing Countries"
544:. This is beneficial because it means that if the disease is ever introduced into the body, the
3161:
3023:
2990:
2969:
2823:
2664:
2554:
2443:
2304:
2129:
2092:
1982:
1888:
1813:
1782:
1736:
1718:
1595:
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1416:
1339:
1160:
1053:
1047:
1026:
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999:
874:
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517:
467:
366:
330:
190:
1749:
1695:
993:
841:
3146:
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1803:
1772:
1764:
1748:
Kahn KE, Black CL, Ding H, Williams WW, Lu PJ, Fiebelkorn AP, et al. (September 2018).
1726:
1710:
1477:
1469:
1329:
1085:
864:
856:
791:
670:
610:"Active substance: diphtheria / tetanus vaccines (adsorbed), diphtheria vaccines (adsorbed)"
561:
393:
296:
41:
1694:
Liang JL, Tiwari T, Moro P, Messonnier NE, Reingold A, Sawyer M, et al. (April 2018).
1209:
913:
223:
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2752:
2559:
2517:
2353:
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2252:
2182:
2121:
2117:
2066:
1934:
1843:
1750:"Influenza and Tdap Vaccination Coverage Among Pregnant Women - United States, April 2018"
1623:
706:
537:
529:
516:
one of 500 people. Tetanus toxoid containing vaccines (DTaP, DTP, Tdap, Td, DT) may cause
1404:
1847:
1663:
536:
is generated when a dead or weakened version of the disease enters the body, causing an
3091:
2818:
2709:
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2549:
2370:
2309:
1777:
1731:
1482:
1457:
1334:
1317:
869:
796:
565:
471:
440:
288:. During childhood, five doses are recommended, with a sixth given during adolescence.
431:
For the every ten-year booster Td or Tdap may be used, though Tdap is more expensive.
3140:
2974:
2959:
2929:
2924:
2779:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2431:
2277:
2076:
1650:
1610:
1567:
1443:
1390:
1358:"2016 Binational Immunization Resource Tool for Children from Birth Through 18 Years"
1303:
1264:
1192:
979:
940:
889:
816:
727:
545:
95:
1456:
Baldo V, Bonanni P, Castro M, Gabutti G, Franco E, Marchetti F, et al. (2014).
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2694:
2589:
2522:
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2458:
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2138:
2029:
2009:
573:
388:
346:
158:
153:
1866:
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2828:
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2495:
2490:
2403:
2378:
2346:
2272:
2134:
2025:
2017:
1022:
Pharmacology for
Student and Pupil Nurses and Students in Associated Professions
577:
425:
408:
vaccine, which is three inactive toxins in one injection. DTaP protects against
311:
89:
47:
33:
1796:
The immunological basis for immunization series: module 3: tetanus: update 2018
1237:
2964:
2939:
2629:
2579:
581:
569:
541:
474:
means that there must be a booster to help keep the white blood cells active.
463:
409:
234:
1722:
1580:
776:
3013:
2584:
2452:
2021:
585:
413:
342:
300:
17:
1786:
1768:
1740:
1714:
1491:
1420:
1343:
878:
860:
805:
684:
1599:
349:. Its use resulted in a 95% decrease in the rate of tetanus. It is on the
2855:
2848:
2843:
2813:
2569:
2505:
2500:
304:
117:
1808:
1090:
675:
2574:
2331:
2013:
549:
285:
72:
65:
55:
1049:
Introduction to
Epidemiology: Distribution and Determinants of Disease
317:
A number of vaccine combinations include the tetanus vaccine, such as
2877:
2862:
2148:
1905:"DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) Vaccine Information Statement"
1537:"Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis) Vaccine Information Statement"
1473:
485:
404:
The first vaccine is given in infancy. The baby is injected with the
281:
77:
840:
Havers FP, Moro PL, Hunter P, Hariri S, Bernstein H (January 2020).
705:
Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S, eds. (2015). "Chapter 21: Tetanus".
2872:
2757:
2358:
2292:
1842:
Hall E, Wodi AP, Hamborsky J, Morelli V, Schillie S, eds. (2021).
506:
417:
365:
1649:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1609:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1566:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1442:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1389:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1302:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1263:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1191:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
978:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
939:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
888:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
815:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
726:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2167:
405:
322:
318:
196:
1978:
184:
112:
775:
Centers for
Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (February 2013).
528:
The type of vaccination for this disease is called artificial
1403:
Centers for
Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (October 2008).
370:
Decrease in tetanus deaths by age group between 1990 and 2017
1868:
Manual for the surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases
1849:
Epidemiology and
Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
1664:"Whooping Cough: Vaccine Combined with Tetanus, Diphtheria"
708:
Epidemiology and
Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
995:
46:
Tetanus vaccination is often administered via combination
3167:
World Health Organization essential medicines (vaccines)
1889:"Td (Tetanus, Diphtheria) Vaccine Information Statement"
520:
at a rate of one out of every 100,000 to 200,000 doses.
428:, with the availability varying in different countries.
351:
World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines
259:
656:"Tetanus vaccines: WHO position paper – February 2017"
568:
was discovered and produced in 1924. A more effective
470:
will start to decline. The decline in activity of the
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3044:
2983:
2915:
2806:
2778:
2745:
2414:
2245:
2238:
2157:
2085:
2037:
233:
213:
208:
174:
169:
144:
132:
102:
88:
83:
71:
61:
54:
3030:Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
511:A bump resulting from a tetanus vaccine injection
1861:Roush SW, Baldy LM, Hall MA, eds. (March 2019).
617:List of nationally authorised medicinal products
387:specify that women should receive a dose of the
1965:Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
222:
1159:. Washington, D.C.: Public Health Foundation.
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
1990:
619:. European Medicines Agency. 14 January 2021.
299:. The vaccine is very safe, including during
8:
497:Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices
121:
32:
1921:"DTaP/Tdap/Td ACIP Vaccine Recommendations"
314:occur in fewer than one in 100,000 people.
2242:
1997:
1983:
1975:
1926:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1911:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1895:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1873:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1854:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1628:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1543:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1365:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1283:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1242:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1148:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
959:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
918:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
713:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
700:
698:
696:
694:
646:
493:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
40:
1967:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
1957:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
1947:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
1937:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
1807:
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626:
3121:
1852:(14th ed.). Washington D.C.: U.S.
1834:Immunisation against infectious disease
601:
94:
31:
1634:from the original on 22 December 2011
1551:from the original on 28 December 2019
1374:from the original on 11 February 2017
1248:from the original on 11 November 2014
1084:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
924:from the original on 12 February 2015
914:"Vaccines: VPD-VAC/Tetanus/main page"
552:and produce antibodies more rapidly.
7:
1955:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine
1427:from the original on 7 November 2016
751:from the original on 8 December 2015
462:Booster shots are important because
157:
719:from the original on 13 April 2017.
580:(which is the combined vaccine for
3057:Eradication of infectious diseases
2814:Androvax (androstenedione albumin)
1794:World Health Organization (2018).
1066:from the original on 5 March 2016.
385:prenatal care in the United States
25:
2647:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
1827:Ramsay M, ed. (21 January 2021).
1176:from the original on 6 March 2008
1052:. Nelson Education. p. 251.
540:which includes the production of
3124:
3036:Alternative vaccination schedule
2006:Artificial induction of immunity
1670:from the original on 6 June 2017
1644:
1604:
1561:
1437:
1384:
1322:Iranian Journal of Public Health
1297:
1258:
1186:
973:
934:
883:
810:
721:
27:Vaccines used to prevent tetanus
1822:. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
1594:(RR-12): 1–35. September 1996.
1523:Tetanus: Important New Concepts
333:, and DT and Td, which contain
2868:Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)
1624:"Vaccines & Immunizations"
1:
2399:Group B streptococcal disease
2218:Vaccines for Children Program
1525:. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica.
1106:"Deaths from tetanus, by age"
663:Weekly Epidemiological Record
422:Haemophilus influenzae type b
1757:MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep
1409:MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep
992:Gradmann C, Simon J (2010).
849:MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep
784:MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep
741:"Puncture wounds: First aid"
564:in 1890. The first inactive
3183:
1945:Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine
1094:. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
3075:
1800:World Health Organization
1316:Syed MA (February 2017).
1215:World Health Organization
1206:World Health Organization
1078:World Health Organization
1025:. Elsevier. p. 162.
652:World Health Organization
448:World Health Organization
312:Severe allergic reactions
249:
39:
2394:Clostridioides difficile
1969:Medical Subject Headings
1959:Medical Subject Headings
1949:Medical Subject Headings
1939:Medical Subject Headings
1837:. Public Health England.
998:. Springer. p. 53.
284:vaccine used to prevent
2657:Tick-borne encephalitis
3067:List of vaccine topics
2062:Mathematical modelling
1769:10.15585/mmwr.mm6738a3
1715:10.15585/mmwr.rr6702a1
861:10.15585/mmwr.mm6903a5
512:
371:
3062:Vaccinate Your Family
2513:Japanese encephalitis
1863:"Chapter 16: Tetanus"
1844:"Chapter 21: Tetanus"
1829:"Chapter 30: Tetanus"
1462:Hum Vaccin Immunother
510:
420:virus vaccine (IPV),
369:
2945:John Franklin Enders
2126:Virus-like particle
2050:Vaccine ingredients
1871:. Atlanta GA: U.S.
1521:Veronesi R (1981).
1150:(2011). "Tetanus".
747:. 4 February 2015.
548:will recognize the
524:Mechanism of action
56:Vaccine description
36:
3102:Never to phase III
2901:Hexavalent vaccine
2715:Epstein–Barr virus
2610:Oxford–AstraZeneca
2298:NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135
1930:. 28 January 2020.
1510:. pp. 8001–7.
1505:Talbot EA (2010).
513:
372:
331:pertussis vaccines
303:and in those with
3112:
3111:
3024:Vaccines and SIDS
2911:
2910:
2685:Hepatitis A and B
2661:Varicella zoster
2118:Subunit/component
1763:(38): 1055–1059.
1166:978-0-01-706609-1
1110:Our World in Data
1046:Macera C (2012).
1019:Jones BR (2016).
963:. 3 February 2020
711:(13th ed.).
654:(February 2017).
518:brachial neuritis
468:white blood cells
267:
266:
200:
188:
115:
16:(Redirected from
3174:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3120:
3003:MMR autism fraud
2950:Maurice Hilleman
2935:Hilary Koprowski
2243:
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1474:10.4161/hv.26269
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799:
781:
772:
761:
760:
758:
756:
737:
731:
725:
724:
720:
702:
689:
688:
678:
660:
648:
621:
620:
614:
606:
562:Emil von Behring
491:In 2020, the US
458:Additional doses
394:neonatal tetanus
325:, which contain
297:neonatal tetanus
272:, also known as
263:
262:
255:
226:
198:
195:
186:
183:
161:
125:
114:
111:
98:
44:
37:
35:
21:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3157:Toxoid vaccines
3152:1924 in biology
3137:
3136:
3135:
3125:
3123:
3115:
3113:
3108:
3107:
3092:Clinical trials
3071:
3040:
2979:
2955:Stanley Plotkin
2917:
2907:
2819:Cancer vaccines
2802:
2796:Schistosomiasis
2774:
2768:Trypanosomiasis
2741:
2705:Cytomegalovirus
2615:Pfizer–BioNTech
2410:
2234:
2183:Vaccine wastage
2153:
2081:
2033:
2003:
1919:
1903:
1887:
1884:
1879:
1860:
1841:
1826:
1820:
1793:
1752:
1747:
1703:MMWR Recomm Rep
1698:
1693:
1689:
1687:Further reading
1684:
1683:
1673:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1645:
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1617:
1605:
1588:MMWR Recomm Rep
1583:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1562:
1554:
1552:
1547:. August 2021.
1535:
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1519:
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1438:
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1428:
1415:(39): 1079–80.
1402:
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1249:
1238:"About Tetanus"
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1199:
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692:
658:
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649:
624:
612:
608:
607:
603:
598:
584:, tetanus, and
558:
538:immune response
532:. This type of
530:active immunity
526:
505:
460:
437:
402:
381:
364:
359:
329:, tetanus, and
270:Tetanus vaccine
258:
256:
253:(what is this?)
250:
245:
229:
204:
165:
135:
128:
50:
34:Tetanus vaccine
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3180:
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3154:
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2970:Katalin KarikĂł
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2725:Herpes simplex
2722:
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2692:
2687:
2679:
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2625:Sinopharm BIBP
2622:
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2575:Bharat Biotech
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2201:
2200:
2198:Vaccine injury
2195:
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2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2161:
2159:
2158:Administration
2155:
2154:
2152:
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2100:
2095:
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2035:
2034:
2004:
2002:
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1994:
1987:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1962:
1952:
1942:
1935:Tetanus Toxoid
1932:
1917:
1915:. August 2021.
1901:
1899:. August 2021.
1883:
1882:External links
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2928:
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2899:
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2896:DTwP-HepB-Hib
2894:
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2891:DTaP-IPV-HepB
2889:
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2677:Yellow fever
2590:EpiVacCorona
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2342:Tuberculosis
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2315:Pneumococcal
2283:Lyme disease
2111:Heterologous
2010:Immunization
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1672:. Retrieved
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1636:. Retrieved
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1091:10665/371090
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965:. Retrieved
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926:. Retrieved
855:(3): 77–83.
852:
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790:(7): 131–5.
787:
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753:. Retrieved
744:
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676:10665/254583
669:(6): 53–76.
666:
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590:
574:World War II
559:
527:
514:
503:Side effects
490:
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389:Tdap vaccine
382:
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357:Medical uses
347:World War II
340:
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257:
251:
176:Legal status
170:Legal status
104:License data
73:Vaccine type
48:DPT vaccines
29:
18:Tetanus shot
3088:from market
2984:Controversy
2918:researchers
2834:Hepatitis B
2720:Hepatitis C
2665:Chicken pox
2491:Hepatitis E
2486:Hepatitis B
2481:Hepatitis A
2427:Chikungunya
2404:Shigellosis
2258:Brucellosis
2144:Therapeutic
2098:Inactivated
2038:Development
2026:Inoculation
2018:Vaccination
1709:(2): 1–44.
1638:27 November
1555:28 December
1431:22 December
1378:22 December
1252:11 December
928:10 February
745:Mayo Clinic
426:Hepatitis B
424:conjugate,
209:Identifiers
90:MedlinePlus
3141:Categories
3019:Thiomersal
2965:Paul Offit
2940:Jonas Salk
2916:Inventors/
2787:research:
2764:research:
2701:research:
2630:Skycovione
2620:Sanofi–GSK
2565:SARS-CoV-2
2476:Hantavirus
2437:rVSV-ZEBOV
2422:Adenovirus
2390:research:
2268:Diphtheria
2106:Attenuated
1291:15 January
1222:12 January
1115:13 January
967:6 February
755:6 December
596:References
582:diphtheria
542:antibodies
464:lymphocyte
410:diphtheria
335:diphtheria
327:diphtheria
235:ChemSpider
224:93384-51-1
215:CAS Number
3098:Phase III
3086:Withdrawn
3014:Pox party
2824:ALVAC-CEA
2746:Protozoan
2635:Sputnik V
2585:CoronaVac
2555:Rotavirus
2453:Pandemrix
2305:Pertussis
2246:Bacterial
2130:Synthetic
2093:Conjugate
2045:Adjuvants
2022:Infection
1723:1057-5987
1210:"Tetanus"
1180:4 January
586:pertussis
414:pertussis
379:Pregnancy
343:antiserum
301:pregnancy
140:Injection
134:Routes of
3162:Vaccines
3131:Medicine
2856:Prostvac
2849:Gardasil
2844:Cervarix
2791:Hookworm
2670:Shingles
2652:Smallpox
2570:Corbevax
2506:Gardasil
2501:Cervarix
2239:Vaccines
2193:Schedule
2164:Global:
2072:Timeline
2014:Vaccines
1787:30260946
1741:29702631
1668:Archived
1632:Archived
1549:Archived
1508:Outbreak
1492:24004825
1425:Archived
1421:18830213
1369:Archived
1344:28451568
1246:Archived
1171:Archived
1080:(2023).
1064:Archived
922:Archived
879:31971933
806:23425962
749:Archived
717:Archived
685:28185446
578:DTP/DTwP
570:adsorbed
534:immunity
435:Schedule
341:Tetanus
305:HIV/AIDS
280:), is a
260:(verify)
146:ATC code
118:DailyMed
3147:Tetanus
3045:Related
2991:General
2753:Malaria
2640:Valneva
2605:Novavax
2600:Moderna
2595:Janssen
2580:CanSino
2560:Rubella
2518:Measles
2384:Td/Tdap
2354:Typhoid
2337:Tetanus
2332:Q fever
2263:Cholera
2253:Anthrax
2122:Peptide
2086:Classes
2067:Storage
1802:(WHO).
1778:6188122
1732:5919600
1630:(CDC).
1626:. U.S.
1600:8801442
1483:4181021
1367:(CDC).
1335:5402791
1244:(CDC).
920:(CDC).
870:7367039
797:4604886
715:(CDC).
556:History
550:antigen
486:toxoids
286:tetanus
162:)
156: (
154:J07AM01
123:Tetanus
120::
96:a682198
66:Tetanus
3117:Portal
3081:WHO-EM
3001:Lancet
2878:TA-NIC
2863:NicVAX
2710:Dengue
2550:Rabies
2371:Typhus
2310:Plague
2188:Policy
2149:Toxoid
2077:Trials
1971:(MeSH)
1961:(MeSH)
1951:(MeSH)
1941:(MeSH)
1875:(CDC).
1856:(CDC).
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282:toxoid
191:â„ž-only
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3009:NCVIA
2873:TA-CD
2807:Other
2758:RTS,S
2538:Sabin
2533:Polio
2528:Mumps
2432:Ebola
2415:Viral
2364:ViCPS
2359:Ty21a
2293:MeNZB
2223:VAERS
2173:NITAG
2102:Live
1928:(CDC)
1913:(CDC)
1909:U.S.
1897:(CDC)
1893:U.S.
1753:(PDF)
1699:(PDF)
1674:1 May
1584:(PDF)
1545:(CDC)
1541:U.S.
1372:(PDF)
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1285:(CDC)
1217:(WHO)
1174:(PDF)
1157:(PDF)
961:(CDC)
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780:(PDF)
659:(PDF)
613:(PDF)
418:polio
2735:Zika
2695:MMRV
2543:Salk
2523:Mpox
2469:LAIV
2464:H5N8
2459:H5N1
2449:H1N1
2325:PPSV
2208:ACIP
2204:US:
2178:SAGE
2139:mRNA
2055:list
1814:ISBN
1783:PMID
1737:PMID
1719:ISSN
1676:2017
1640:2011
1596:PMID
1557:2019
1488:PMID
1433:2016
1417:PMID
1380:2016
1340:PMID
1293:2020
1254:2014
1224:2020
1182:2016
1161:ISBN
1117:2020
1054:ISBN
1027:ISBN
1000:ISBN
969:2020
930:2015
875:PMID
802:PMID
757:2015
681:PMID
446:The
406:DTaP
323:Tdap
321:and
319:DTaP
242:none
2996:MMR
2839:HPV
2829:BCG
2730:HIV
2690:MMR
2496:HPV
2444:Flu
2347:BCG
2320:PCV
2273:Hib
2228:VSD
2135:DNA
2030:J07
1804:hdl
1773:PMC
1765:doi
1727:PMC
1711:doi
1478:PMC
1470:doi
1330:PMC
1086:hdl
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857:doi
792:PMC
671:hdl
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