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33:
354:. These are caught in the spider's orb-web, which is an upright web formed of threads radiating from a central point, crossed by radial links that spiral in from the margin, between branches and stems on trees, bushes and low vegetation. The spider sits stretched out, near the web, waiting for the prey, difficult to detect due to the stick like shape adopted. If an insect flies into the web it is caught in the silk and the spider bites it injecting venom which liquifies the prey's internal organs. The spider then wraps the insect in silk like a parcel and stores it close to the web. The spider then repairs the web.
334:
female, and the white or silvery areas are much less extensive. The male's ventral side is brown, with undulating borders and a darker band running along it. The legs differ significantly between the sexes in their length, colour and shape, those of the female being brown, beige or yellow-brown in colour, while those of the male are darker. The leg pairs one, two and four are very long while three is relatively short and is used to help the spider to hold onto thin twigs or grass when resting, while the other three pairs are extended. In both sexes there are often dark rings and spots towards the claws.
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in one population studied were parasitized, the parasitized spider builds a unique cocoon web which provides mechanical support for the wasp's pupal cocoon. The cocoon web consists of one reinforced main thread, often reinforced by a side thread, the wasp's cocoon is square and is fastened along the
414:
is not initiated through courtship by the males, the male avoids being bitten by the female by locking her chelicerae in his own, using a spur and escapes after mating. The female then produces a dark green cocoon where she stores the fertilised eggs, this is encased in a fine white web. The cocoon
333:
outlined in gold with golden wavy borders along the margins and black lines that can sometimes be quite thick with a brown ventral surface. The male has very similar markings on the abdomen to the female but it is a darker, reddish-gold and the colour contrasts are less noticeable than those on the
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specimens collected from webs in an alder forest in Poland, it was calculated that an individual consumes an average of 3.7 mosquitoes in a day, in the first half of the month of June with the amount of mosquitoes caught and eaten declining as the summer progressed. A relationship was uncovered
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webs are found on trees, bushes and low vegetation in a variety of mostly lowland habitats. The webs may be found close to water but it is less closely associated with wetland habitats than its congener
365:, stretching their two pairs of front legs out beyond the head and the rear pair extending backwards. This together with their drab colouration and thin bodies, can be an effective camouflage.
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is attached to vegetation, most commonly leaves, and the female guards and protects the cocoon against predators until the spiderlings hatch, after about 100 days. Molecular markers (
236:
distribution. It preys mostly on flies and mosquitoes. The name silver stretch spider refers to its shiny metallic colour and its habit of extending its legs into a stick like shape.
986:"Modification of Tetragnatha montana (Araneae,. Tetragnathidae) web architecture induced by larva of the parasitoid Acrodactyla quadrisculpta. (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae,
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is larger than the male with a body length of 7–13 mm compared to the male's 6–8 mm. The male has a paracymbium (a genital appendage arising from the base of the
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which were the most abundant mosquitoes in the study area, but they were disproportionately numerous among the mosquitos preyed upon. In Great
Britain 13 out of 81
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between the seasonal occurrence, abundance and activity of the spider and that of mosquitoes. This study showed that the main mosquito species caught were
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bacteria which are reproductive parasites of many arthropods and nematodes. These parasites can influence the sex ratio of the host's progeny and in
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423:, mated with multiple males, indicating that sperm competition is potentially an important driver in the evolution of the species' mating system.
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is widespread throughout a large part of the
Palearctic from Western Europe to East Asia and is the most frequently occurring species of
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935:"Spider hosts (Arachnida, Araneae) and wasp parasitoids (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ephialtini) matched using DNA barcodes"
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Yoward, Paul J.; Oxford, Geoff S. (2014). "Evolutionary
Implications of Sperm Competition in the Silver Stretch Spider,
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is at rest, or when it is alarmed it adopts the distinctive elongated posture used by species within the genus
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appear in the open from May to
September although the first to appear as early as February. Their main prey is
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Miller, Jeremy A.; Belgers, J. Dick M.; Beentjes, Kevin K.; Zwakhals, Kees; van
Helsdingen, Peter (2013).
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Duron, Olivier; Hurst, Gregory D.D.; Hornett, Emily A.; Josling, James A.; Engelstädter, Jan (2008).
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Korenko, Stanislav; Korenkova, Barbora; Satrapova, Jitka; Hamouzova, Katerina; Belgers, Dick (2015).
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in 1903, subsequently classified as the same species. The generic name,
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One study showed that mosquitoes formed over 60% of the food items of
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678:. Nentwig W, Blick T, Gloor D, Hänggi A, Kropf C: Spiders of Europe
884:"Natural predators and parasites of British mosquitoes – a review"
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is silver on the dorsal surface with an elongated, silver-white
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it is widespread in the south, becoming localised in the north.
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309:) with a mostly hook-shaped lateral process. In the female, the
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has straight or convex posterior margin of epigynal plate. The
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sampled showed evidence of having preyed on adult mosquitoes.
419:) have been used to confirm that wild-collected females of
857:"Studies on the incidence of mosquitoes in the food of
1044:"High incidence of the maternally inherited bacterium
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Simon and its food activity in the natural habitat"
503:were apparently more common in females than males.
520:in many parts of Europe. as far north as southern
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321:is dark brown to black. It has yellow-brown
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777:"Summary for Tetragnatha montana (Araneae)"
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827:"Tetragnathidae (Long-Jawed Orb Weavers)"
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855:Dabrowska-Prot, E.; Luczak, J. (1968).
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482:. The wasp is host specific and 19% of
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493:has also been recorded as a host for
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7:
1237:c108c7a1-318f-4e7f-9167-c562e845f038
611:Simon (Araneae: Tetragnathidae)".
14:
882:Medlow, J.M.; Snow, K.R. (2008).
1354:urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014265
1097:
1067:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03689.x
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913:Natural History Museum, Aarhus
781:British Arachnological Society
585:Natural History Museum of Bern
244:The silver stretch spider was
1:
625:10.13156/arac.2012.16.5.175
487:length of the main thread.
1408:
891:European Mosquito Bulletin
293:means "of the mountains".
1392:Spiders described in 1874
1010:10.1186/s40555-015-0119-6
939:Biodiversity Data Journal
468:Acrodactyla quadrisculpta
442:Acrodactyla quadrisculpta
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189:
171:
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46:Scientific classification
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40:Female in defensive pose
39:
30:
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909:University of Copenhagen
507:Distribution and habitat
317:is yellow-brown and the
260:Les arachnides de France
220:, commonly known as the
471:has been recorded as a
465:. The ichneumonid wasp
427:Predators and parasites
449:The main predators of
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1106:at Wikimedia Commons
905:"Tetragnatha montana"
434:
226:long-jawed orb weaver
222:silver stretch spider
1232:Fauna Europaea (new)
580:World Spider Catalog
264:Władysław Kulczyński
258:in 1874 in his work
200:Tetragnatha solandri
1123:Tetragnatha montana
1104:Tetragnatha montana
859:Tetragnatha montana
803:Tetragnatha montana
741:Tetragnatha montana
708:Tetragnatha montana
674:Tetragnatha montana
609:Tetragnatha montana
573:Tetragnatha montana
542:Tetragnatha extensa
412:Tetragnatha montana
303:Tetragnatha montana
278:meaning "four" and
262:. Polish zoologist
240:Taxonomy and naming
217:Tetragnatha montana
175:Tetragnatha montana
25:Tetragnatha montana
1387:Palearctic spiders
997:Zoological Studies
952:10.3897/BDJ.1.e992
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282:meaning "jaws" in
224:, is a species of
1377:Spiders of Europe
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1363:
1336:Open Tree of Life
1115:Taxon identifiers
1102:Media related to
1055:Molecular Ecology
831:Spiders of Europe
747:Spiders of Europe
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16:Species of spider
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712:. Insectoid.Info
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647:"Tetragnathidae"
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807:. NatureSpot
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676:Simon, 1874"
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119:Infraorder:
24:
18:
1297:NatureServe
1258:iNaturalist
1048:in spiders"
1003:(40): e40.
893:(25): 1–11.
743:Simon 1874"
613:Arachnology
517:Tetragnatha
391: [
363:Tetragnatha
327:opisthosoma
301:The female
297:Description
272:Tetragnatha
268:T. solandri
232:that has a
206:, 1903
144:Tetragnatha
93:Chelicerata
89:Subphylum:
1371:Categories
918:13 October
871:: 843–853.
837:13 October
786:2016-10-03
753:2016-10-03
682:2016-10-03
653:12 October
590:2016-10-03
549:References
536:T. montana
512:T. montana
501:T. montana
491:T. montana
484:T. montana
480:T. montana
476:parasitoid
473:koinobiont
457:, such as
451:T. montana
437:T. montana
421:T. montana
410:Mating in
400:T. montana
370:T. montana
359:T. montana
352:mosquitoes
344:T. montana
331:leaf shape
323:chelicerae
253:naturalist
234:Palearctic
204:Kulczyński
83:Arthropoda
1302:2.1076762
1146:Araneae:
1046:Cardinium
811:5 October
716:5 October
496:Wolbachia
463:hedgehogs
417:allozymes
338:Behaviour
246:described
151:Species:
103:Arachnida
69:Kingdom:
63:Eukaryota
1276:10434615
1156:BioLib:
1132:Wikidata
1083:11923029
1075:18266629
1029:31966127
971:24723780
633:85057959
191:Synonyms
129:Family:
79:Phylum:
73:Animalia
59:Domain:
1341:1065421
1250:2151783
1198:1193655
1138:Q543518
1020:6747627
962:3964720
319:sternum
315:prosoma
311:epigyne
307:cymbium
291:montana
248:by the
139:Genus:
113:Araneae
109:Order:
99:Class:
1328:500645
1289:868428
1263:319829
1224:353108
1211:227763
1172:178345
1081:
1073:
1027:
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522:Norway
459:shrews
280:gnatha
266:named
250:French
184:, 1874
1271:IRMNG
1206:EUNIS
1185:7C2ZG
1079:S2CID
1051:(PDF)
993:(PDF)
887:(PDF)
629:S2CID
528:. In
445:larva
435:Live
395:]
357:When
348:flies
284:Greek
276:Tetra
182:Simon
1323:NCBI
1284:ITIS
1245:GBIF
1167:BOLD
1159:1533
1071:PMID
1025:PMID
967:PMID
920:2016
839:2016
813:2016
718:2016
655:2016
526:Iran
461:and
385:and
350:and
1349:WSC
1310:NBN
1193:EoL
1180:CoL
1149:846
1063:doi
1015:PMC
1005:doi
957:PMC
947:doi
621:doi
478:of
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