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must raise the first generation of young herself until they are old enough to forage for food. During this period she survives by metabolizing the proteins of her flight muscles. As the eggs hatch and the ants develop, they spend that time, about two to three months, tending to the queen of their colony; they will continue helping in the colony until they are a month old.
305:
Pavement ants build underground nests preferring areas with little vegetation, and have adapted to urban areas, being found under building foundations, sidewalks, pavements, and patios. Nests occupy an area of 1.2–4.8 m (13–52 sq ft) and are 45–90 centimetres (18–35 in) deep. They
255:
occur in spring and summer; queens and drones leave the nest and find a mate. The drone's only job is to mate with the virgin queens. The dealate, or newly fertilized queen, sheds her wings, finds a suitable nesting location and digs a founding chamber called the clausteral chamber or cell. The queen
224:
During the late spring and early summer, colonies attempt to conquer new areas and often attack nearby enemy colonies. This results in huge sidewalk battles, sometimes leaving thousands of ants dead. In summer, the ants dig out the sand between the pavements to vent their nests. Pavement ants were
237:
The pavement ant is dark brown to blackish, and 2.5–4 millimeters (0.10–0.16 in) long. A colony is composed of workers, alates, and a queen. Workers do have a small stinger, which can cause mild discomfort in humans but is essentially harmless.
263:, honey, bread, meats, nuts, ice cream, and cheese. Although they do not usually nest inside buildings, they may become a minor nuisance to humans as they enter homes, attracted by food left out. They are also predators of
306:
may be identified by entrance holes surrounded by small crater-shaped mounds of sand in summer. Colonies may have 3,000 to over 10,000 workers, and are usually monogynous, having one queen, or in rare cases two or more.
217:. This is one of the most commonly seen ants in North America, being well adapted to urban and suburban habitats. It is distinguished by a single pair of spines on the back, two nodes on the
213:
native to Europe, which also occurs as an introduced pest in North
America. Its common name comes from the fact that colonies in North America usually make their nests under
826:
471:
across North
America suggests that this population resulted from the establishment of one single, or a few closely related ant colonies, about 200 years ago.
692:
188:
Diagram of the pavement ant. (a = queen; b = queen after loss of wings; c = male, d = worker, e = larva; g = pupa; f = head of larva more highly magnified)
800:
313:, and large battles between neighboring unrelated colonies are common, especially in spring when new colonies are establishing their boundaries.
693:"Light at the end of the tunnel: Integrative taxonomy delimits cryptic species in the Tetramorium caespitum complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)"
660:"From Pavement to Population Genomics: Characterizing a Long-Established Non-native Ant in North America Through Citizen Science and ddRADseq"
872:
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Closeup of battling ants in previous image. Workers can be seen in pairs head-to-head with mandibles locked on each other.
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32:
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Older workers forage for food and defend the colony. They will eat almost anything, including other insects, seeds,
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ant. This parasitic ant spends its life clinging to the back of a pavement ant, particularly queens.
260:
691:
Wagner, Herbert; Seifert, Bernhard; Muster, Christoph; Schlick-Steiner, Birgit; et al. (2017).
818:
658:
Zhang, Yuanmeng Miles; Vitone, Tyler R.; Storer, Caroline G.; Payton, Adam C.; et al. (2019).
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complex was revised, and the pavement ant commonly found in North
America was determined to be
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Battle between pavement ant colonies on sidewalk, May 2019, Mount Vernon, Washington, US
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The North
American species of the pavement ants has formerly been considered
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They defend a territory, estimated at 43 m (460 sq ft) for
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and drones, have wings, and are at least twice as large as the workers.
785:
805:
320:
Tetramorium immigrans ants foraging, August 2022, Cincinnati, Ohio, US
494:. The species is also found in southern Europe, where it originated.
95:
75:
762:
315:
239:
766:
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115:
618:
The
Biology of the Codling Moth as the Basis for Its Control
631:
Wilson, Edward O. (1963). "The social biology of ants".
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742:with information on habits, habitat and prevention
460:These species are native to Europe. In addition,
357:complex, which includes 10 species of the genus:
8:
752:College of Agricultural Sciences, Entomology
367:Steiner, Schlick-Steiner & Seifert, 2010
464:is common and widespread in North America.
763:
31:
20:
675:
604:"Ants Hold Their Own Searching in Space"
183:
746:Steve Jacobs, Sr. Extension Associate.
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503:
736:National Pest Management Association.
221:, and grooves on the head and thorax.
7:
645:10.1146/annurev.en.08.010163.002021
664:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
14:
606:, Discovery News, March 31, 2015
291:
279:
209:in parts of North America—is an
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591:University of California, Davis
480:Tetramorium caespitum immigrans
1:
467:The low genetic diversity of
873:Hymenoptera of North America
525:Not to be confused with the
407:Consani & Zangheri, 1952
633:Annual Review of Entomology
562:Washington State University
227:International Space Station
899:
883:Insects described in 1927
738:"Pavement Ant Fact Sheet"
620:. Univerzitet U Beogradu.
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157:
49:Scientific classification
47:
39:
30:
23:
510:Not to be confused with
677:10.3389/fevo.2019.00453
373:Tetramorium breviscapus
531:Camponotus consobrinus
413:Tetramorium hungaricum
403:Tetramorium fusciclava
393:Tetramorium caucasicum
339:Tetramorium inquilinum
332:serves as host to the
321:
199:immigrant pavement ant
189:
868:Hymenoptera of Europe
777:Tetramorium immigrans
756:Penn State University
585:Tetramorium caespitum
513:Tetramorium caespitum
492:Tetramorium immigrans
488:Tetramorium caespitum
476:Tetramorium caespitum
469:Tetramorium immigrans
462:Tetramorium immigrans
451:Tetramorium staerckei
422:Tetramorium immigrans
383:Tetramorium caespitum
355:Tetramorium caespitum
351:Tetramorium immigrans
319:
194:Tetramorium immigrans
187:
168:Tetramorium immigrans
41:Tetramorium immigrans
25:Tetramorium immigrans
441:Tetramorium indocile
363:Tetramorium alpestre
700:Myrmecological News
431:Tetramorium impurum
397:Wagner et al., 2017
377:Wagner et al., 2017
353:is a member of the
265:codling moth larvae
197:—also known as the
616:Tadic, M. (1957).
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840:Open Tree of Life
769:Taxon identifiers
478:, the subspecies
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271:Habitat and nests
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150:T. immigrans
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583:"Pavement ant —
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527:banded sugar ant
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455:Kratochvíl, 1944
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435:(Foerster, 1850)
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387:(Linnaeus, 1758)
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486:. In 2017, the
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253:nuptial flights
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748:"Pavement Ant"
743:
731:
730:External links
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721:on 2020-02-25.
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445:Santschi, 1927
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16:Species of ant
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593:. 2004-01-26.
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565:. Retrieved
555:"Sugar Ants"
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203:pavement ant
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878:Tetramorium
814:NatureServe
639:: 345–368.
346:Systematics
250:Tetramorium
233:Description
137:Tetramorium
122:Subfamily:
106:Hymenoptera
862:Categories
792:Q107075296
541:References
244:queen ants
205:, and the
126:Myrmicinae
116:Formicidae
86:Arthropoda
819:2.1127733
712:163158395
484:species E
242:, or new
229:in 2014.
207:sugar ant
144:Species:
72:Kingdom:
66:Eukaryota
806:10114596
786:Wikidata
325:Parasite
261:honeydew
215:pavement
175:Santschi
112:Family:
82:Phylum:
76:Animalia
62:Domain:
845:7383771
832:2164160
567:July 2,
219:petiole
132:Genus:
102:Order:
96:Insecta
92:Class:
43:worker
710:
482:, and
240:Alates
177:, 1927
719:(PDF)
708:S2CID
696:(PDF)
558:(PDF)
498:Notes
827:NCBI
801:GBIF
569:2019
672:doi
641:doi
211:ant
864::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
