524:, an officer in the army of Texas, was also attempting to raise a military force to attack New Mexican traders. He petitioned the Texas government for permission to organize "an expedition for the purpose of intercepting and capturing the property of Mexican traders who might pass through territory claimed by Texas on the Santa Fe Trail." On 16 February 1843, the Texas Department of War approved his petition and authorized him to raise a force of not more than 300 men. The proceeds from his raids on Mexican traders were to be divided equally between Snively and his men and the Republic of Texas.
106:
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119:
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483:. Kearney also instructed men and posts under his command to prevent suspicious people from entering Indian country. One of Warfield's officers, John McDaniel, with a gang of about 13 men murdered a Mexican trader, Antonio Jose Chavez, and five of his employees along the Santa Fe trail near present-day
473:
Warfield claimed the right to rob
Mexican citizens he encountered on the Santa Fe Trail. American traders who plied the Santa Fe Trail were concerned that Warfield's "Banditii" and "men of desperate character" would interrupt trade on the trail and requested a military escort for their wagon trains
535:
on May 27. Warfield and several of his group joined
Snively in Kansas. On June 20, the Snively group attacked a Mexican military unit, killing 17 and taking 82 prisoners with no losses of their own. Soon, however, Snively's command broke down as a result of dissention. The Mexican prisoners were
540:
and a U.S. army force of 185 men. Cooke informed
Snively he was on U.S. territory, forced him to surrender, and escorted about 50 disenchanted men of Snively's command to Missouri. Cook confiscated most of Snively's weapons. With about 70 men left, Snively and Warfield contemplated attacking a
392:
Both expeditions failed to do more than create apprehension by both the United States and Mexico that trade would be interrupted on the Santa Fe Trail. The Texans killed several
Mexican traders along the trail and several civilians in a raid near the town of
437:
The humiliation caused by the defeat of the 1841 expedition and the opinion that the Texans captured were treated unjustly led to a desire in 1843 for revenge, plus a renewed effort by Texas to capture eastern New Mexico and to plunder
Mexican trade.
224:
425:
launched an ill-fated expedition in 1841. Three hundred and twenty Texans, including 50 merchants, set out on the expedition. The expedition failed and 172 men, "weak, starved, and scurvy-ridden," surrendered to New Mexico
Governor
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of the U.S. army granted the request, although he was ordered not to cross into
Mexican territory on the south side of the Arkansas River. The north side of the Arkansas River was territory belonging to the U.S. and
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210:
549:
The failure of the 1843 raids ended Texas's attempts, as an independent country, to capture territory in New Mexico. Texas joined the United States as a state in 1845, an event which precipitated the
409:, a claim that encompassed most of the populated parts of the Mexican province of New Mexico. New Mexico had been first settled by the Spanish in 1598 and in 1840 had an Hispanic and
536:
released and a group of 76 called the "home boys" left
Snively and marched eastward toward Arkansas. On June 30, Snively and his remaining force were discovered by Capt.
553:
of 1846–1848. New Mexico was captured by U.S. forces and became part of the United States. Warfield disappeared from history soon after 1843; Snively died in 1871.
787:
405:
In 1836, Texas gained its independence from Mexico. The boundaries of the new country were uncertain, with Texas claiming a southern and western boundary of the
782:
490:
Warfield's attempts to recruit an army failed and with only 24 men he ventured into New Mexico. On May 13, he attacked a group of New
Mexicans near
802:
278:
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attacked
Warfield and recaptured their horses and left him on foot. Warfield and his men had to walk 200 mi (320 km) to
450:
to invade New Mexico. Warfield estimated he would need a force of 800 to 1,000 men for the task. He began recruiting in Texas,
487:
in early April 1943. McDaniel and his men were captured by the U.S. McDaniel was hanged and others received prison sentences.
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Mexican trade caravan, but decided they had not the capability to do so and returned to Texas, disbanding on August 6.
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417:. In an attempt to assert Texan ownership of New Mexico and to capture the trade flowing to New Mexico along the
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On April 24, 1843, Snively and 150 men (called the "Battalion of Invincibles") marched north from present day
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On August 16, 1842, Charles A. Warfield, a merchant, was authorized by the Texas Secretary of War
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347:. The present-day outlines of the U.S. states are superimposed on the boundaries of 1836–1845.
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Map of the Santa Fe Trail (in red) in 1845. A detailed present-day map is also available.
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While Warfield was attempting to organize an invasion of New Mexico, another Texan,
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in 1843 consisted of two expeditions sanctioned by the still independent country of
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397:. The Texans also killed or briefly took captive several Mexican soldiers.
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in Colorado, the nearest place where he could receive help.
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population of more than 40,000, including a few hundred
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458:. He planned to unite his forces about May 15 at
434:, although released to return to Texas in 1842.
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498:(bison hunters) responded and on June 14 near
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385:, long inhabited by Hispanic settlers and
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37:
28:
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752:Flatt, Horace P.; Campbell, Randolph B.
598:"The Texan-Santa Fe Expedition of 1841"
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466:of the Santa Fe Trail near present-day
570:"Santa Fe National Historic Trail Map"
788:History of United States expansionism
7:
462:in Mexican-claimed territory on the
783:Pre-statehood history of New Mexico
377:and to assert control for Texas of
757:Texas State Historical Association
474:headed toward New Mexico. Colonel
25:
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650:"Banditti on the Santa Fe Trail"
373:to raid Mexican commerce on the
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32:Texan raids on New Mexico (1843)
18:Texan raids on New Mexico (1843)
1:
803:1843 in the Republic of Texas
605:New Mexico Historical Review
596:McClure, Charles R. (2021).
235:Mexican conflicts with Texas
53:13th may 1843 - 30 June 1843
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531:, arriving in present-day
522:Jacob ("old Jake") Snively
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87:Withdrawal of Texan forces
448:George Washington Hockley
367:Texas raids on New Mexico
244:
188:
175:
131:
97:
45:
36:
538:Philip St. George Cooke
754:"Warfield, Charles A."
533:Edwards County, Kansas
299:Battle of Arroyo Hondo
289:Battle of Salado Creek
284:Capture of San Antonio
132:Commanders and leaders
798:Texas border disputes
657:National Park Service
577:National Park Service
529:Grayson County, Texas
442:Warfield and McDaniel
189:Casualties and losses
81:retains control over
716:"Snively Expedition"
714:Carroll, H. Bailey.
551:Mexican-American War
687:, pp. 284–287.
622:Connor, Seymour V.
309:Black Bean Incident
274:Valera's expedition
264:Santa Fe Expedition
148:Charles A. Warfield
516:Snively Expedition
476:Stephen W. Kearney
319:Battle of Campeche
314:Snively Expedition
269:Vásquez Expedition
254:Tabasco Revolution
793:Republic of Texas
720:Handbook of Texas
628:Handbook of Texas
421:, Texas governor
345:Republic of Texas
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259:Canales Rebellion
249:Cordova Rebellion
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16:(Redirected from
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671:Kansas History.
669:Reprinted from
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624:"Perote Prison"
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464:Cimarron Cutoff
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304:Mier Expedition
294:Dawson Massacre
279:Woll Expedition
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481:Plains Indians
460:Point of Rocks
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423:Mirabeau Lamar
419:Santa Fe Trail
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375:Santa Fe Trail
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428:Manuel Armijo
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760:. Retrieved
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580:. Retrieved
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381:east of the
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98:Belligerents
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611:(1): 47–54.
504:Bent's Fort
500:Wagon Mound
237:(1839–1843)
777:Categories
762:5 February
725:4 February
663:5 February
633:4 February
582:2008-07-20
557:References
514:See also:
407:Rio Grande
401:Background
389:Indians.
383:Rio Grande
379:New Mexico
83:New Mexico
63:New Mexico
545:Aftermath
496:ciboleros
194:27 killed
456:Missouri
452:Arkansas
432:Veracruz
176:Strength
170:McDaniel
58:Location
510:Snively
197:Unknown
181:Unknown
137:Unknown
454:, and
415:Anglos
387:Pueblo
122:
111:Mexico
79:Mexico
70:Result
740:Myers
697:Myers
685:Myers
653:(PDF)
601:(PDF)
573:(PDF)
371:Texas
125:Texas
764:2024
727:2024
665:2024
635:2024
343:The
50:Date
470:.
184:187
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718:.
704:^
677:^
655:.
626:.
609:48
607:.
603:.
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766:.
729:.
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637:.
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226:e
219:t
212:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
