Texas Ranger Division - Knowledge (XXG)

1388:. The Texas Ranger Division joins with all other enforcement agencies in the suppression of the same; under orders of the Director, suppress all criminal activity in any given area, when it is apparent that the local officials are unwilling or unable to maintain law and order; also upon the request or order of a judge of a court of record, Texas Rangers may serve as officers of the court and assist in the maintenance of decorum, the protection of life, and the preservation of property during any judicial proceeding; and provide protection for elected officials at public functions and at any other time or place when directed. The Texas Rangers, with the approval of the Director, may conduct investigations of any alleged misconduct on the part of other Department of Public Safety personnel. 657: 1490:, although the State of Texas does provide guidelines as to appropriate Ranger attire, including a requirement that Rangers wear clothing that is western in nature. Currently, the favored attire includes white shirt and tie, khaki/tan or gray trousers, light-colored western hat, "ranger" belt, and cowboy boots. Historically, according to pictorial evidence, Rangers wore whatever clothes they could afford or muster, which were usually worn out from heavy use. While Rangers still pay for their clothing today, they receive an initial stipend to offset some of the costs of boots, gunbelts and hats. 849:(DPS). This change took place in 1935, with an initial budget of US$ 450,000 (equivalent to $ 10,000,485 in 2023). With minor rearrangements over the years, the 1935 reforms have ruled the Texas Rangers' organization until present day. Hiring new members, which had been largely a political decision, was achieved through a series of examinations and merit evaluations. Promotion relied on seniority and performance in the line of duty. Today, the historical importance and symbolism of the Texas Rangers is such that they are protected by statute from being disbanded. 87: 170: 1397:

Rangers number 150 commissioned officers, one forensic artist, one fiscal analyst and 24 civilian support personnel. The Legislature has also made a provision for the temporary commissioned appointment of up to 300 Special Rangers for use in investigative or emergency situations. The statewide headquarters of the Texas Rangers is located in Austin at the Texas DPS headquarters. As of 1 October 2014, the Chief of the Texas Rangers is Assistant Director of DPS Randall Prince.

800:. The breakdown of law and order on the Mexican side of the border, coupled with the lack of federal military forces, meant the Rangers were once again called upon to restore and maintain law and order, by any necessary means, which again led to excesses. However, the situation necessitated the appointment of hundreds of new special Rangers by the state, which neglected to carefully screen aspiring members. The Rangers were responsible for several incidents, ending in 865:. Canales filed 19 charges against the Texas Rangers and declared a state of emergency as a result of the violent policing practices that he alleged were routinely used by the state force against Mexican Americans and Mexican nationals living along the US-Mexico border. Canales also introduced a piece of legislation, House Bill 5, which proposed reorganizing the Texas Rangers and increasing the minimum qualifications and pay. 1782: 1530: 1265: 889:

prosecuted for their involvement in acts of violence like the Porvenir Massacre or the murder of Toribio Rodriguez. While the committee acknowledged that “the conduct of certain members of the ranger force... is most reprehensible,” they justified the Rangers’ continuing presence along the border and praised the majority of the state agents for their “great service... in the protection of property.”

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Rangers and local lawmen. A deputy named Moore was mortally wounded, as was Bass. The gang quickly mounted their horses and tried to escape while continuing to fire, and as they galloped away, Bass was shot again in the back by Ranger George Herold. Bass was later found lying helpless in a pasture north of town by the authorities. They took him into custody; he died from his wounds the next day.

1244:, was fought in 1910–1915 in Texas. The conflict was a series of violent raids conducted by Mexican revolutionaries in the American settlements of Tamaulipas, Coahuila and Chihuahua. The Texas Rangers became the primary fighting force and protection of the Texans during the operations against the rebels. The Mexican faction's incursion in the territory was carried out by the Seditionistas and 1746: 877:, a small community in West Texas. In the aftermath, Texas Ranger Captain James Monroe Fox falsified official reports to Adjutant General James Harley to claim that the Porvenir residents had fired on the group of Rangers. Fox would later amend his statements and ultimately resigned under pressure in 1918. However, other Texas Rangers involved in the massacre remained on the force. 1770: 881:

light the lamps on the hack, they began shooting at him. He returned home with a minor wound. However, the group of men went to Rodriguez's house, shot him in the back, and took him to the jail. Rodriguez died a few days later on November 14, 1912. At the time of the investigation, at least one of the Rangers involved, Captain John J. Sanders, was still active on the force.

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of the state and the political leaders that a well-funded and organized state Ranger force was essential. Such a force could use the deep familiarity with the territory and the proximity with the theater of operations as major advantages in its favor. This option was not pursued, in view of the emerging national political problems (prelude to the

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robberies beginning in 1877, held up two stagecoaches and four trains within 25 miles (40 km) of Dallas. The gang quickly found themselves the object of pursuit across North Texas by a special company of Texas Rangers headed by Captain Junius "June" Peak. Bass was able to elude the Rangers until

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is the home of Division Headquarters, commanded by Chief Randall Prince. The Special Operations Group includes Special Weapons and Tactics Team (SWAT), Bomb Squad, Ranger Reconnaissance Team, Special Response Teams (SRT), Crisis Negotiation Teams (CNT), and Border Security Operations Center (BSOC) –

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found that from 300 to 5,000 people, mostly of Hispanic descent, had been killed by Rangers from 1910 to 1919, and that members of the Rangers had been involved in many acts of brutality and injustice. The Rangers were reformed by a resolution of the Legislature in 1919, which saw the special Ranger

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The success of a series of campaigns in the 1860s marked a turning point in Rangers' history. The U.S. Army could provide only limited and thinly-stretched protection in the enormous territory of Texas. By contrast, the Rangers' effectiveness when dealing with these threats convinced both the people

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On rare occasions, a Texas Department of Public Safety Commissioner's Medal of Valor has been issued. According to the Texas Ranger Hall of Fame and Museum, the "Medal of Valor has been awarded to four Texas Rangers - Sgt. William R. Gerth, Sgt. Stanley Keith Guffey, Sgt. John Aycock, Sgt. Danny V.

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Around 9:00 a.m. on May 23, the posse, concealed in the bushes and almost ready to concede defeat, heard Clyde's stolen Ford V-8 approaching. When he stopped to speak with Henry Methvin's father (planted there with his truck that morning to distract Clyde and force him into the lane closest to

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One of Texas's deadliest outlaws, John Wesley Hardin, was reputed to be the meanest man alive, an accolade he supposedly earned by killing a man for snoring. He committed his first murder at age 15, and admitted to killing more than 40 men over 27 years. In May 1874, Hardin killed Charles Webb, the

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or outlaw. Additionally, from a historical viewpoint, a Ranger's pay was so scanty that the money required for such fancy accoutrements was rarely available. Nevertheless, some Rangers did wear badges, and the first of these appeared around 1875. They were locally made and varied considerably from

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district attorney did not feel that the evidence was sufficient to secure a conviction. Texas Ranger Rudy Jaramillo started working on the case in 2002. In 2015, under a new district attorney, Feit was indicted for murder. In December 2017, Feit was found guilty of murder with malice aforethought.

1248:, and led by major political leaders such as Basilio Ramos and Luis de la Rosca; however, the Seditionistas were never able to launch a full-scale invasion of the United States so they resorted to conducting small raids into Texas. Much of the fighting involved the Texas Ranger Division though the 888:

On February 19, 1919, the committee presented its findings to the Texas House of Representatives. However, despite the revelations, the 1919 investigation did not produce the sweeping changes in the organization's culture that policymakers like Canales had wanted. Ultimately, no Texas Rangers were

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peoples. The Apache "dreaded the Texas Rangers...whose guns were always loaded and whose aim was unerring; they slept in the saddle and ate while they rode, or done without...when they took up our trail they followed it determinedly and doggedly day and night." Also during these years, the Rangers

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Although present-day Rangers wear the familiar "star in a wheel" badge, it was adopted officially only recently. The current design of the Rangers' badge was approved in 1962, when Ranger Hardy L. Purvis and his mother donated enough Mexican five-peso coins to the DPS to provide badges for all 62

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The wearing of badges became more common in the late 1800s. Historians have suggested several reasons for the lack of the regular use of a badge; among them, some Rangers felt a shiny badge was a tempting target. Other historians have speculated there was no real need to show a badge to a hostile

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forced both the federal and state governments to cut down on personnel and funding of their organizations, and the number of commissioned officers was reduced to 45, with the only means of transportation afforded to Rangers being free railroad passes or using their personal horses. The agency was

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Bank. On July 19, 1878, Bass and his gang scouted the area before the actual robbery. They bought some tobacco at a store, and were noticed by Williamson County Sheriff Ahijah W. "Caige" Grimes, who approached the group and was shot and killed. A heavy gunfight ensued between the outlaws and the

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Despite the age of the agency, and the many contributions they have made to law enforcement over their entire history, Texas Rangers developed most of their reputation during the days of the Old West. Of the 79 Rangers killed in the line of duty, 30 were killed during the Old West period of 1858

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A large proportion ... were unmarried. A few of them drank intoxicating liquors. Still, it was a company of sober and brave men. They knew their duty and they did it. While in a town they made no braggadocio demonstration. They did not gallop through the streets, shoot, and yell. They had a

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Both particularly egregious cases offered a small sample of the many accounts of abuse that appear throughout the transcript. Witnesses also testified that violence by Texas Rangers extended beyond the US-Mexico border region and that other racial groups, and particularly African Americans, were

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Another incident that came to light during the 1919 Investigation was the murder of Toribio Rodriguez, a Brownsville police officer, in December of 1912. Rodriguez encountered a group of Texas Rangers and county law enforcement traveling in a hack with no lights. After Rodriguez asked the men to

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of the Colorado district, is considered by many Texas Ranger historians to be the first Texas Ranger killed in the line of duty. One of his most urgent issues was protection of settlers from theft and murder by marauders. On his way to San Antonio in 1823 to discuss the issue with the governor,

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The Texas Rangers' internal organization maintains the basic outlines that were set in 1935. The agency is divided into seven companies: six District Companies lettered from "A" to "F", and Headquarters Company "H". The number of personnel is set by the Texas Legislature; as of 2014, the Texas

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After Armstrong, Colt pistol in hand, boarded a train that Hardin and four companions were on, the outlaw shouted, "Texas, by God!" and drew his own pistol. When it was over, one of his gang members was killed, and his three surviving friends were staring at Armstrong's pistol. Hardin had been

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From January 31 to February 13, 1919, the committee heard testimony from people across the state, including victims of state violence, witnesses or surviving relatives, and members of the Texas Rangers. The Texas State Library and Archives Commission has preserved the full transcript of the

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However, there were a few notable changes. The state legislators decided to reduce the force from well over 1,000 men to just 68 Rangers. The majority of the reduction came from eliminating the "Loyalty Rangers," a group of unpaid volunteer Rangers that was established during

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where Father John Feit heard her confession. Her body was found five days later in a canal. Autopsy results showed she had been raped while unconscious and died of asphyxiation, likely from suffocation. Feit was the primary suspect, but the case stalled for many years as the

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The testimony revealed many issues within the Texas Rangers and highlighted several high-profile cases of abuse. For example, in January 1918, a group consisting of Texas Rangers belonging to Company B and four local ranchers executed 15 innocent Mexican men and boys in

1013:. In truth, the fight had been so heavily publicized that nearly every Ranger was on hand, including all captains and their superior, Adjutant General Woodford H. Mabry. Many of them were undecided on stopping the fight or attending it; and other famous lawmen, such as 1580:

Since the establishment of the Texas Department of Public Safety Texas Rangers Division, 124 Rangers have been killed in the line of duty. The following list also contains officers from the Texas Rangers, which was merged into the Texas Department of Public Safety.

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to monitor acts of "disloyalty" in their communities. At the time of the investigation, there were approximately 800 Loyalty Rangers still in service. Many of the men who were dismissed moved into careers in local law enforcement or later in the

623:, a veteran of the Mexican war. The now 100-strong Rangers participated in campaigns against the Comanche and other tribes, whose raids against the settlers and their properties had become common. Ford and his Rangers fought the Comanche in the 2619:"Enlistment Oath of Service and Description Ranger Force J.J. Sanders, February 1, 1917," John J. Sanders Ranger File, Texas Adjutant General's Department Service Records, Texas State Library and Archives Commission, accessed October 19, 2021. 1380:; suppressing major disturbances; the protection of life and property; and rendering assistance to local law enforcement in suppressing crime and violence. The Texas Ranger Division is also responsible for the gathering and dissemination of 2631:

Testimony of W.A. Anderson in "Proceedings of the Joint Committee of the Senate and the House in the Investigation of the Texas State Ranger Force," Adjutant General records, Texas State Library and Archives Commission, Austin Texas, 664.

1017:, were also present. The orders of the governor were clear, however, and the bout was stopped. Stuart then tried to reorganize it in El Paso and later in Langtry, but the Rangers thwarted his attempts. Finally, the fight took place on the 4112: 1109:

a member of his party, Jim Murphy, turned informer, cut a deal to save himself, and led the law to the gang. As Bass's band rode south, Murphy wrote to Major John B. Jones, commander of the Frontier Battalion of Texas Rangers.

510:. While there is some discussion as to when Austin actually employed men as "rangers", Texas Ranger lore dates the year of their organization to this event. The Texas Rangers were formally constituted in 1835, and in November, 1172:

knocked unconscious. Armstrong's hat had been pierced by a bullet, but he was uninjured. Hardin was charged for murder, convicted, and sentenced to 25 years in prison. Seventeen years later, Hardin was pardoned by Governor

1288:, the longtime Ranger Sergeant, left the Rangers in 1932. In 1934, at the request of Col. Lee Simmons, head of the Texas prison system, Hamer was asked to use his skills to track down Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow, whose 1006:, Texas. According to the story, McDonald's train was met by the mayor, who asked the single Ranger where the other lawmen were. McDonald is said to have replied: "Hell! Ain't I enough? There's only one prize-fight!" 3576:

Doyle, Brett. Laird Transactions, Texas Lodge of Research, Captain Peter F. Tumlinson: Texian Ranger and Mason. Doyle, Brett Laird XXXIX (2004–2005) 113–24 Published by the Texas Lodge of Research A. F. & A. M.

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The ensuing disorganization of law enforcement in the state caused the Legislature to engage a firm of consultants to reorganize the state security agencies. The consultants recommended merging the Rangers with the

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From its earliest days, the Rangers were surrounded with the mystique of the Old West. Although popular culture's image of the Rangers is typically one of rough living, tough talk and a quick draw, Ranger Captain

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in Canada), assisted the large-scale ranchers against the small-scale ranchers and farmers who fenced the land, and broke the power of labor unions that tried to organize the workers of industrial corporations.

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in many ways. He argues that each organization protected the established order by confining and removing Native Americans, by tightly controlling the mixed blood peoples (the African Americans in Texas, and the

427:, perhaps the best-known example of a fictional character derived from the Texas Rangers, draws his alias from having once been a Texas Ranger. Other well-known examples include the radio and television series 4105: 1357:

The Texas Rangers have received widespread coverage for their role in the investigation of the death of Irene Garza, a Texas beauty queen. In 1960, Garza was last seen going to Sacred Heart Catholic Church in

2449:"Proceedings of the Joint Committee of the Senate and the House in the Investigation of the Texas State Ranger Force," Adjutant General Records, Texas State Library and Archives Commission, Austin, Texas, 2. 1156:, a Texas Ranger known as "McNelly's Bulldog" since he served with the Special Force as a sergeant and Captain Leander McNelly's right hand, received permission to arrest the outlaw. He pursued Hardin across 1441:"Field Rangers" are supervised by a Senior Captain (Chief), Headquarters Captain (Assistant Chief), company majors and lieutenants. Sergeants and agents are also part of the rank structure of the Rangers. 3836: 857:

On January 31, 1919, the Joint Committee of the Senate and the House convened at the state capitol in Austin, Texas, to begin an investigation of the Texas Rangers. The investigation was prompted by

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standing at the El Paso Chamber of Commerce building along the procession route. Burnham and Moore captured, disarmed, and arrested the would-be assassin within only a few feet of Taft and Díaz.

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Although some measure of truth lies within the tale, it is largely an idealized account written by author Bigelow Paine and loosely based on McDonald's statements, published in Paine's 1909 book

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on the tactics required to fight inside a Mexican city. Richard Addison Gillespie, a famed Texas Ranger, died at Monterrey, and General Worth renamed a hill "Mount Gillespie" after him. The

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The rangers were founded in 1823 when Stephen F. Austin, known as the Father of Texas, employed ten men to act as rangers to protect 600 to 700 newly settled families who arrived in

1036:. The statue was contributed in 1961 by Earle Wyatt and his wife. The Texas Ranger statue was removed from the airport and put in storage in 2020 after publication of the book 1493:

To carry out their horseback missions, Rangers adapted tack and personal gear to fit their needs. Until the beginning of the 20th century, the greatest influence was from the

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James M. Fox Ranger File, Texas Adjutant General's Department Service Records, Texas State Library and Archives Commission, Austin, Texas, accessed November 5, 2021, 10.

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in Houston County. Prisoner and Barrow friend Joe Palmer had killed a guard while escaping, and the Barrow gang was responsible for many murders, robberies, and

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The Texas Rangers have assisted in many high-profile cases throughout the years. Some cases are deeply entrenched in the Rangers' lore, such as those of outlaw

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and a U.S. Vice-Presidential candidate in 1908. On October 16, the day of the summit, Burnham and Private C.R. Moore discovered a man holding a concealed

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recommission the Rangers. During these times, many of the Rangers' myths were born, such as their success in capturing or killing notorious criminals and

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Joint Operations and Intelligence Centers (JOIC). Specialized programs include the Unsolved Crimes and Public Corruption/Public Integrity investigations.

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Capt. Monroe Fox and two other Rangers on horseback with their lariats around the bodies of dead Mexicans, after the Norias Ranch Raid August 8, 1915.

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saw several companies of Rangers mustered into federal service. They played important roles at various battles, acting as guides and participating in

3215: 3189: 2920: 4674: 1941: 1871: 4699: 4627: 3135: 1051: 970:, 1896. At the front row from the left are Adj. General W Mabry, and Capts. J Hughes, J Brooks, Bill McDonald (coiner of the phrase) and J Rogers. 697: 1963: 4664: 4490: 1315:, in case they were later separated. Methvin, allegedly cooperating with law enforcement, made sure he was separated from them that evening in 3702: 3647: 3556: 1808:"Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015" 1547: 4635: 4213: 4132: 3424: 1695: 1328: 1252:

also engaged in operations against the rebels. The Texas Rangers were led by Captain Harry Ransom on the orders of the Governor of Texas,

656: 481: 465: 1180:, where he began practicing law. On August 19, 1895, he was murdered during a poker game at the Acme Saloon over a personal disagreement. 4323: 4163: 2633: 2450: 2894: 2822: 2205:

Transactions, Texas Lodge of Research, Captain Peter F. Tumlinson: Texian Ranger and Mason. Doyle, Brett Laird XXXIX (2004–2005) 83–91.

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Transactions, Texas Lodge of Research, Captain Peter F. Tumlinson: Texian Ranger and Mason. Doyle, Brett Laird XXXIX (2004–2005) 83–91.

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The Rangers have taken part in many of the most important events of Texas history, such as stopping the assassination of presidents

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in that there was never actually a riot; rather, the phrase was coined by Ranger Captain William "Bill" McDonald, who was sent to

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and other such fiction, making the Rangers significant participants in the mythology of the Wild West and modern culture. The

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through 1901. Also during this period, two of their three most high-profile captures or killings took place, the capture of

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Tumlinson was killed by Native Americans. His traveling companion, a Mr. Newman, escaped. Tumlinson's body was never found.

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but was quickly reformed upon the reinstitution of home government. Since 1935, the organization has been a division of the

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positioned high around their hips instead of low on the thigh. This placement made it easier to draw while riding a horse.

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Feit, aged 85, was sentenced to life imprisonment, bringing to close the longest unsolved criminal case in Hidalgo County.

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In 1909, Private C.R. Moore of Company A, "performed one of the most important feats in the history of the Texas Rangers".

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The duties of the Texas Ranger Division consist of conducting criminal and special investigations; apprehending wanted

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Despite the fame of their deeds, the conduct of the Rangers during this period was illegally excessive. In particular,

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as governor in 1857 meant US$ 70,000 (equivalent to $ 2,289,000 in 2023) was allocated to fund the Rangers under

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The Rangers are legally protected against disbandment. There is a museum dedicated to the Texas Rangers known as the

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in a call-to-arms written in 1823. After a decade, on August 10, 1835, Daniel Parker introduced a resolution to the

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the posse), the lawmen opened fire, killing Bonnie and Clyde while shooting a combined total of approximately 130

708:. Both organizations were disbanded only three years later. The state election of 1873 saw newly elected Governor 4602: 4575: 4565: 4353: 4348: 4333: 4183: 3416: 2797: 1815: 1729: 1335:. They were in place by 9:00 that night, waiting all through the next day, but with no sign of Bonnie and Clyde. 1209: 632: 514:

was chosen to be the first Major of the Texas Rangers. Within two years the Rangers comprised more than 300 men.

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of Texas from the United States in 1861 during the Civil War. The 8th Texas Cavalry Regiment was also known as

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and his men used ruthless methods that often rivaled the brutality of their opponents, such as taking part in

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was also known as "Hays' Texas Rangers". Colonel Hays organized a second regiment of Texas Rangers, including

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of the male population (15 Mexican men and boys ranging in age from 16 to 72 years) of the tiny community of

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Lehmann, H., 1927, 9 Years Among the Native Americans, 1870–1879, Von Beockmann-Jones Company, pp. 115–16

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Texas Rising: The Epic True Story of the Lone Star Republic and the Rise of the Texas Rangers, 1836–1846

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Revolution in Texas: How a Forgotten Rebellion and Its Bloody Suppression Turned Mexicans into Americans

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https://www.tsl.texas.gov/sites/default/files/public/tslac/treasures/images/law/1919rangerVolume2.pdf

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https://www.tsl.texas.gov/sites/default/files/public/tslac/treasures/images/law/1919rangerVolume1.pdf

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and Deputy Prentiss Oakley of Bienville Parish, Louisiana, and Dallas County Deputies Bob Alcorn and

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on May 21, 1934, and that Clyde had designated a rendezvous point in the vicinity with gang member

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Gillett, J.B., Six Years with the Texas Rangers, 1875–1881, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1921

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in Texas alone. Nine law enforcement officers had already died in confrontations with the gang.

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Scores of books have been written about the Rangers, from well-researched works of nonfiction to

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The Rangers continued to participate in skirmishes with Native Americans through 1846, when the

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specie of moral discipline which developed moral courage. They did right because it was right.

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Following the end of the war in 1848, the Rangers were largely disbanded, but the election of

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After tracking the Barrow gang across nine states, Hamer, in conjunction with officials in

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Full text digital copy of Captain Bill McDonald, Texas ranger: a story of frontier reform

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Policing the Great Plains: Rangers, Mounties, and the North American Frontier, 1875–1910

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Weiss, Harold J. (1994). "The Texas Rangers Revisited: Old Themes and New Viewpoints".

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that had been organized by Dan Stuart and patronized by the eccentric "Hanging Judge"

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Modern-day Rangers (as well as their predecessors) do not have a prescribed uniform

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The District Companies' headquarters are distributed in six geographical locations:

1264: 1060:. A final status on the location of the statue is awaiting a "community dialogue". 1042:, which details a number of unsavory incidents involving the Rangers. According to 564:, soon establishing a fearsome reputation among both Mexicans and Americans. At the 4436: 3162: 1877: 1750: 1552: 1293: 1245: 796:

in 1909, preventing an assassination of both presidents, and during the subsequent

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American historian Andrew Graybill has argued that the Texas Rangers resemble the

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a Primary Source Adventure, a lesson plan hosted by the Portal to Texas History

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Bosque Bonito: Violent times along the borderland during the Mexican Revolution

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Texas Ranger: The Epic Life of Frank Hamer, the Man Who Killed Bonnie and Clyde

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The motto appears on the pedestal of a bronze Texas Ranger statue that was at

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The Texas Rangers And The Mexican Revolution: The Bloodiest Decade. 1910–1920

2853: 2744:(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018), 215; Kelly Lytle Hernández, 2599: 1849: 700:, the Rangers were briefly replaced by a Union-controlled version called the 3465:

Barton, Henry W. (1960). "The United States Cavalry and the Texas Rangers".

3109: 2823:"Texas Department of Public Safety - Texas Rangers Silver Stars and Sixguns" 1304: 1297: 979: 869:

investigation, which consists of over 1600 pages of testimony and evidence.

4475: 3366:"Texas Department of Public Safety – Texas Rangers, Texas, Fallen Officers" 2677:, 26th Leg., Reg. Sess., 19 February 1919, accessed November 5, 2021, 538. 2648:, 36th Leg., Reg. Sess., 19 February 1919, accessed November 5, 2021, 535. 537:, partly in retaliation for the support they had given the Mexicans at the 2490:, 36th Leg., Reg. Sess., 23 January 1919, accessed October 29, 2021, 163. 1327:. Led by former Rangers Hamer and B. M. "Manny" Gault, the posse included 545:

in 1837. The size of the Ranger force was increased from 56 to 150 men by

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Captain L. H. McNelly, Texas Ranger: The Life and Times of a Fighting Man

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Captain L. H. McNelly, Texas Ranger: The Life and Times of a Fighting Man

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In 1878, Sam Bass and his gang, who had perpetrated a series of bank and

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Ford, J.S., 1963, Rip Ford's Texas. Austin: University of Texas Press,

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Rhea." Aycock was awarded the Medal of Valor twice, in 1987 and 1995.

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suffered the only defeat in their history when they surrendered at the

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Members of the Frontier Battalion, a company of Texas Rangers, ca. 1885

608: 486: 3729:. Alpine, TX: Sul Ross State University, Center for Big Bend Studies. 3142:. No. Morning. San Antonio Express News. San Antonio Express News 674: 382:. As of 2019, there are 166 commissioned members of the Ranger force. 3614: 3597: 1500: 1377: 1340: 1292:

had engineered a successful breakout of associates imprisoned at the

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Excerpt detailing Ranger misconduct during the Mexican–American War.

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In the Ranging Tradition: Texas Rangers in Worldwide Popular Culture

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The Secret War in El Paso: Mexican Revolutionary Intrigue, 1906–1920

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Official Texas Rangers website (Texas Department of Public Safety)

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Hampton, Benjamin B (April 1, 1910). "The Vast Riches of Alaska".

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https://lrl.texas.gov/scanned/Housejournals/36/02191919_28_520.pdf

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https://lrl.texas.gov/scanned/Housejournals/36/02191919_28_520.pdf

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one to another, but they invariably represented a star cut from a

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https://lrl.texas.gov/scanned/Housejournals/36/01231919_8_158.pdf

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The Texas Ranger Hall of Fame and Museum opened in Waco in 1968.

1555:(usually a five-peso coin). The design is reminiscent of Texas's 584:

played important roles in the battle, including advising General

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Texas Ranger John B. Jones and the Frontier Battalion, 1874–1881

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Rangers who were working at that time as commissioned officers.

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The Adventures of Big-Foot Wallace, the Texas Ranger and Hunter

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Cult of Glory: The Bold and Brutal History of the Texas Rangers

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Lynching Pascual Orozco, Mexican Revolutionary Hero and Paradox

2895:"'Cult Of Glory' Reveals The Dark History Of The Texas Rangers" 2244:, University of Texas Press, 1965, second edition, pp. 219–229. 2126:"Mexico, Sep. 20–23, 1846 | Texan Volunteers at Monterrey" 1994:"'Cult Of Glory' Reveals The Dark History Of The Texas Rangers" 3988: 3772: