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687:. On 16 June 2022 these parties discussed the status of the festival. They reviewed the status of the festival as an intangible cultural heritage and decided that it did meet all criteria. However, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism also noted that they would have to review the dossier for historical accuracy, in their decision they noted that the local cultural heritage and the importance of the story to the local identity of the community of Côn Đảo was taken into account.
1129:"Hội đồng Nguyễn Phước tộc Việt Nam đề nghị đặt tên đường Gia Long ở Huế. – Trong tọa đàm khoa học với chủ đề Công lao và những đóng góp quan trọng về mặt lịch sử của Hoàng đế Gia Long, các nhà nghiên cứu đã đưa ra các tham luận về công lao to lớn của vua Gia Long trong việc thống nhất đất nước sau gần 300 năm chia cắt, đặc biệt là vai trò to lớn trong việc xác lập quần đảo Hoàng Sa là của Việt Nam"
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1163:"Đề nghị đổi tên di sản lễ giỗ bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến để tránh xung đột giữa các cộng đồng. – TTO – Sau phản ánh của Tuổi Trẻ về quyết định lễ giỗ bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến là di sản phi vật thể quốc gia khiến Phúc tộc, người dân Huế bức xúc, Bộ Văn hóa – thể thao và du lịch vừa đề nghị đổi tên di sản phi vật thể quốc gia này"
1162:
911:"Lễ giỗ Bà Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến thành di sản quốc gia, vì sao giới sử học băn khoăn? – TTO – Việc Bộ Văn hóa – thể thao và du lịch vừa ký quyết định công nhận đưa Lễ giỗ Bà Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến, ở huyện Côn Đảo (Bà Rịa – Vũng Tàu) vào Danh mục di sản văn hóa phi vật thể quốc gia đã gây ra không ít băn khoăn trong dư luận"
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to the Tây Sơn rebels in 1783 lord Nguyễn Phúc Ánh fled to Phú Quốc island. As he was pursued by the Tây Sơn army he fled further to an island called Koh Rong, not Côn Lôn island as many historical documents record. Because
Chinese characters do not have an R consonant, it is transliterated into an L
62:
and gave birth to a son known as Prince Cải, she advised Lord Ánh not to ask foreigners for help as that would make their victory less glorious and might cause issues in future, these comments caused Lord Ánh to be suspicious of her motives and to lock her up in a cave. Later when their toddler asked
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In the 10th lunar month of 1785, An Hải village held a festival to make vegetarian sacrifices to the gods. They asked Phi Yên to attend for more solemnity. That night, she was "corrupted" by the butcher Biện Thi, he just touched her arm which startled her and she began to loudly shout, to preserve
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Not only did Nguyễn Ánh refuse to listen to her advice, he also got angry her and suspected that she was secretly colluding with the Tây Sơn rebels. Because of his suspicions of her he planned to kill her. Thanks to the intercession of the Gods he imprisoned her in a cave on the small island of Côn
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The seminar had the presence and participation of scholars about history, culture, and the Nguyễn dynasty period from Huế and Hanoi, including the former chairman of the
Historical Science Society of Thừa Thiên – Huế (Hội Khoa học Lịch sử Thừa Thiên – Huế). The researchers included Nguyễn Xuân Hoa
753:"Hoàng tử Cải, thứ phi Phi Yến trong câu ca dao 'Gió đưa cây cải về trời'? – Cùng với câu chuyện chúa Nguyễn Ánh phải bôn ba nhiều nơi, truyền thuyết về bà thứ phi Phi Yến, tên tộc là Lê Thị Răm và hoàng tử Cải, hầu như người dân Côn Đảo ai cũng nghe thấy nhưng nhiều khi chưa hiểu biết ngọn ngành"
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The
Ministry said that the People's Committee of Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu province should do what it can to respect historical accuracy. They recommended that the local government should explain the mythical nature of the story and explain that it's only a local folk legend and not a historically accurate
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island. Prince Cải, Phi Yên's son who was only 4 years old at the time asked if his mother could accompany them, enraged at his request Nguyễn Ánh cast the prince into the sea killing him. Later Prince Cải's body drifted to Cỏ Ống beach, where local villagers would find his body and bury it.
1247:"Trong văn bản gửi UBND tỉnh Bà Rịa – Vũng Tàu hôm 20/6, Bộ Văn hóa Thể thao và Du lịch giải thích việc đổi tên nhằm "đảm bảo nguyên tắc tôn trọng cộng đồng chủ thể của di sản, tránh gây hiểu nhầm về lịch sử, hoặc gây xung đột giữa các cộng đồng trong khối đại đoàn kết các dân tộc Việt Nam""
523:, and there is absolutely no one who is a concubine of sovereign Gia Long named Lê Thị Răm and whose name is Phi Yến. Similarly, in the imperial genealogy, there is no record of Prince Cải's name, who is the son of sovereign Gia Long." said Associate Professor Dr. Nguyễn Phước Bửu Nam.
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The total area of the temple is 4200 square meters, the overall construction is built in the shape of the character Nhất, but since 1958 the temple was remodeled many times to this day. Outside of the temple there is a stone stele recording the legend of Bà Phi Yến and Prince Cải.
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consonant (meaning that "Koh Rong" became "Côn Lôn"); Ancient books also often used the word "Côn Lôn" to refer to the islands in general. According to Tôn Thất Dương Kỵ, at that time, Côn Lôn belonged to the waters controlled by the Tây Sơn rebels, and was too far from Phú Quốc.
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where his mother was he killed him. She grieved their son and later committed suicide as she was touched by a butcher during a vegetarian festival seeing it as "harming her honour as a concubine". This caused the villagers of Côn Đảo to hold a festival in her honour every year.
1201:"Phó thủ tướng chỉ đạo sau kiến nghị thu hồi Di sản Lễ giỗ bà Phi Yến. – Liên quan đến việc kiến nghị thu hồi quyết định công nhận Lễ giỗ bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến (Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu) là Di sản văn hóa phi vật thể quốc gia, Phó thủ tướng Vũ Đức Đam đã có văn bản chỉ đạo xử lý"
798:
1098:"Vì sao kiến nghị thu hồi Di sản quốc gia Lễ giỗ bà Phi Yến? – Hội đồng trị sự Nguyễn Phước tộc Việt Nam tổ chức buổi tọa đàm và thống nhất kiến nghị Bộ VH-TT-DL thu hồi quyết định công nhận Di sản văn hóa phi vật thể quốc gia đối với Lễ giỗ bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến"
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wrote in their petition that because the Nguyễn dynasty was so recent that the records and histories of the dynasty are well-preserved and don't let much open for misinterpretation. So, they claimed that the recognition by the government of the death anniversary of
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After being rescued from the cave by the villagers and learning about the death of her son, Mrs. Phi Yên she was very sad. She stood in front of her child's grave for a long time and cried, the villagers found the situation so pitiful that they sang a song:
1028:"Lễ giỗ bà Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến là di sản văn hóa phi vật thể quốc gia. – Lễ giỗ bà Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến là di sản văn hóa phi vật thể đầu tiên của tỉnh Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu được Bộ Văn hóa-Thể thao và Du lịch công nhận là Di sản văn hóa phi vật thể quốc gia"
590:), turning it into a local custom. Later, it was historicalised through the image of Phi Yến and became associated with Nguyen Phúc Ánh's presence on Côn Đảo during his days of exile, as his presence left a lot of marks on the area.
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thì hoàn toàn không có ai là thứ phi vua Gia Long tên Lê Thị Răm và có tên thụy là Phi Yến. Tương tự, trong gia phả hoàng tộc cũng không ghi chép tên của hoàng tử Cải là con của vua Gia Long", PGS-TS Nguyễn Phước Bửu Nam cho biết.
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as a traditional cultural relic belonging to An Sơn Temple in the Côn Đảo
District is "is insulting to the heroic spirit and image of Emperor Gia Long, the founding monarch of the Nguyễn dynasty as well as the Nguyễn Phúc clan".
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organised a scholarly discussion on "An Sơn Temple and Mrs. Phi Yến in Côn Đảo, a matter of legends to heritage records" (An Sơn miếu và bà Phi Yến ở Côn Đảo, vấn đề từ truyền thuyết đến hồ sơ di sản). After the discussion, the
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510:), among others. The seminar received 16 reports from researchers, of which 3 were presented at the seminar and more than 10 comments were presented. The scholars concluded that Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến is a fictional character.
956:"MIẾU BÀ PHI YẾN – AN SƠN MIẾU. – Miếu Bà Phi Yến hay còn gọi An Sơn Miếu là một trong số ít di sản văn hóa dân gian ở Côn Đảo, xây dựng vào năm 1785 để tôn vinh Bà Phi Yến, vợ của Chúa Nguyễn Ánh hay còn gọi là Vua Gia Long"
787:"Đề nghị đổi tên di sản 'lễ giỗ bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến'. – Bộ Văn hóa Thể thao và Du lịch đề nghị tỉnh Bà Rịa – Vũng Tàu đổi tên di sản quốc gia lễ giỗ bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến để tránh hiểu nhầm về một nhân vật lịch sử"
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her reputation, she cut off her own arm and then committed suicide because it was supposed to be the dignity of a concubine to remain untouched. The villagers took care of her funeral and built a shrine to worship her as
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to build a prison, so the temple gradually fell into disrepair. In 1958, the people on the island rebuilt to become a spacious temple on the old temple's foundation. In 1981 the temple was completely rebuilt.
266:. According to legend the temple was originally built in 1785 to honour the legendary figure. In 1861, after the French colonialists occupied the island, they decided to move the entire population to mainland
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But as the name of festival may "be misleading about a historical figure" (có thể gây hiểu nhầm về một nhân vật lịch sử) which is why they also recommend that the festival should be renamed to something like
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865:"MIẾU BÀ THỨ PHI HOÀNG PHI YẾN. – Miếu Bà Phi Yến hay còn gọi là An Sơn Miếu nằm trên địa bàn huyện Côn Đảo là nơi thờ bà Phi Yến – thứ phi của chúa Nguyễn Ánh (Vua Gia Long). Bà có tên thật là Lê Thị Răm"
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have described the story as insulting the legacy and character of their ancestor and in April 2022 they petitioned to revoke the status of her festival as an intangible cultural heritage. In June 2022 the
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After the ceremony cultural and artistic activities are done at the island such as sports, folk games, amateur folk music, and theatrical performances recreating the virtuous life of Mrs. Phi Yến.
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Ngày 26-4, Hội đồng Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam gửi văn bản đến Thủ tướng, đề nghị thu hồi quyết định công nhận di sản văn hóa phi vật thể quốc gia với lễ giỗ bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến ở huyện Côn Đảo.
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năm 1785) the people of An Hải (what is today Côn Đảo) admired the faithful and chaste woman so much that they built a shrine in her honour to worship her, this shrine was called An Sơn temple (
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to ensuring that "the principle of respecting the subject community of the heritage, avoiding misunderstanding about history, or causing conflicts among communities in the great unity of the
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The
Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism noted that people's religious practice is protected by law, and does not mean to honour or recognise an actual historical figure or event.
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They noted that Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến is not recorded in the official history of the Nguyễn dynasty, nor is she found in the genealogy of the imperial family of the Nguyễn dynasty (
567:). The records show that both French scholars and published studies prove that the imperial concubine Phi Yến (named Lê Thị Răm) and Prince Cải (also known as Prince Hội An, or
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is the first intangible cultural heritage of the Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province recognised as a national intangible cultural heritage by the
Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism.
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In May 2022 the
Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism responded that they would consider revoking the intangible cultural heritage status based on the recommendations of the
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story. At the temple the steles and information signs should be updated to reflect these recommendations and that they should omit any new elements to the historical story.
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had to cross the sea with his wife, children, family, and his subordinates. They fled to the island of Côn Lôn (which according to the legend is today
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that is the symbol of the cave where Bà Phi Yến was supposedly imprisoned by Nguyễn Phúc Ánh. The rockery is a celestial altar connecting
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During the Nguyễn dynasty period itself the historical accuracy of the legend was already being called into question. In 1942
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Between the years 1970 and 1972 there was straight dirt road leading from Hàng Dương beach to Bà An Hải temple where young
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to France to request for help to fight the rebels. Mrs. Phi Yên (whose real name is Lê Thị Răm) advised that fighting the
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In early 2022 the festival honouring her death was recognised as an intangible part of the national cultural heritage (
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that the victory wouldn't be glorious. And that he would have trouble later with asking foreigners for assistance.
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in the 1780s. In reality the actual origins of her story are likely a localised version of the
Goddess Thủy Long (
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noted that there isn't any historical evidence to support that Lord Nguyễn Phúc Ánh ever went to Côn Lôn island.
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scholars pointed out there are quite a number of inconsistencies with this story, namely that the island of
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The entrance to the temple is a large cement-brick courtyard which leads to a "circular cement lake" (
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newspaper reported on the worshipping of bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến at the Tùng Thiện Vương Temple in
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And the people of Côn Đảo believe that this song comes from such a heartbreaking historical story.
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and not Côn Đảo, also at the time that the story supposedly took place Nguyễn Phúc Ánh was a
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has been declared to be a provincial-level cultural relic by the People's
Committee of the
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When the Tây Sơn army attacked Côn Lôn island, Nguyễn Ánh was forced to flea to the nearby
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Researcher Nguyễn Xuân Hoa also noted that at the time Nguyễn Phúc Ánh was a Nguyễn King (
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is a domestic affair and that he shouldn't ask foreigners for help as if he would
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and earth, and features two flagpoles placed symmetrical, one with the national
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Lectures sur l'histoire moderne et contemporaine du pays d'Annam de 1428 à 1926
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to revoke the decision to recognise the national intangible cultural heritage (
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to revoke the festival's status as intangible cultural heritage (20 June 2022).
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submitted their request to the
Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism.
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on the 18th day of the 10th month of the yin calendar in 1785 (18/10
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is played while representatives of the Côn Đảo district dressed in
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responded and stated that the festival had to be renamed to honour
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Mrs. Phi Yến's death anniversary festival in Côn Đảo (Vietnamese:
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An Sơn Temple, the place to worship Imperial Concubine Phi Yến in
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Declaration of independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
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June 2022 review by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism
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Nguyễn dynasty's persecution of Catholics in the 19th century
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Vì sao kiến nghị thu hồi Di sản quốc gia Lễ giỗ bà Phi Yến?
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Lê Đức Thọ via Baobariavungtau.com.vn (29 November 2019).
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where Nguyễn Phúc Ánh stayed during his fight against the
519:
has checked the genealogy of the Nguyễn Phúc clan and the
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
109:) and wasn't yet elevated to the status of Emperor (皇帝,
58:. According to the legend she was the concubine of Lord
2707:
Postage stamps and postal history of Annam and Tongking
1789:
Names of the Nguyễn dynasty state (Việt Nam / Đại Nam)
74:. However, historians didn't receive this move by the
533:"Hội đồng trị sự Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam đã rà soát
2674:
2648:
2607:
2591:
2571:
2540:
2507:
2500:
2457:
2411:
2376:
2353:
2346:
2298:
2228:
2068:
2059:
1856:
1835:
1807:
1759:
1671:
1580:
1571:
1536:
1439:
1376:
1369:
1311:
434:According to Tôn Thất Dương Kỵ, after losing the
1127:Bùi Ngọc Long & Lê Hoài Nhân (1 June 2022).
347:sacrifice local products such as local flowers (
1000:(in Vietnamese). Theworldtoday – Thếgiớitoday.
513:
2692:Esplanade of Sacrifice to the Heaven and Earth
909:NGUYỄN THANH LỢI – NHẬT LINH (19 April 2022).
2475:Confucian court examination system in Vietnam
1288:
702:(Old woman's death anniversary observation),
669:At the end of May 2022 deputy prime minister
8:
714:(Mrs. Hoàng Phi Yến's death anniversary)...
369:The festival is organised every year by the
262:(An Sơn Temple), is a temple located in the
1026:Huỳnh Sơn (TTXVN/Vietnam+) (9 April 2022).
2504:
2350:
2065:
1716:House of People's Representatives of Annam
1577:
1373:
1295:
1281:
1273:
751:Nhà nghiên cứu Lê Nguyễn (29 April 2022).
89:where Nguyễn Phúc Ánh fled to is actually
2482:Quốc Học – Huế High School for the Gifted
639:Hội đồng trị sự Nguyễn Phước tộc Việt Nam
258:(Mrs. Phi Yến Temple), also known as the
2687:Economy of the Nguyễn dynasty until 1884
1544:Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
517:Hội đồng trị sự Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam
2487:Société d’Enseignement Mutuel du Tonkin
867:(in Vietnamese). The government of the
740:
675:Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism
472:Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism
398:Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism
131:Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism
2439:Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục
2661:Imperial Order of the Dragon of Annam
1496:Vietnamese Revolutionary Youth League
1486:History of Vietnam during World War I
214:remained to suffer the bitter life."
7:
710:(Mrs. Phi Yến's death anniversary),
226:người phụ nữ "Trung Trinh Tiết Liệt"
600:It has further been noted that the
282:), inside of the "lake" there is a
185:Lôn, later that mountain was named
68:di sản văn hóa phi vật thể quốc gia
2153:Siamese–Vietnamese War (1841–1845)
2118:Siamese–Vietnamese War (1831–1834)
508:Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences
484:Hội đồng Nguyễn Phước tộc Việt Nam
309:civil servants learned to drive a
179:beat the Tây Sơn with foreign help
14:
2215:Uprising of the Nghệ-Tĩnh soviets
2113:Anouvong's Rebellion against Siam
1407:Six Provinces of Southern Vietnam
1257:from the original on 23 June 2022
1177:from the original on 24 June 2022
1139:from the original on 10 June 2022
1004:from the original on 24 June 2022
998:"Lễ hội giỗ bà Phi Yến ở Côn Đảo"
966:from the original on 24 June 2022
921:from the original on 24 June 2022
875:from the original on 24 June 2022
801:from the original on 23 June 2022
706:(Old woman's death anniversary),
680:Hội đồng Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam
659:Hội đồng Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam
652:Hội đồng Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam
574:According to folklore researcher
480:Hội đồng Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam
468:Hội đồng Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam
463:Hội đồng Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam
403:Hội đồng Nguyễn Phúc tộc Việt Nam
2449:Woodblocks of the Nguyễn Dynasty
2088:Vietnamese invasions of Cambodia
1689:Court of Imperial Entertainments
1528:French Indochina in World War II
1360:
1353:
1346:
1211:from the original on 4 June 2022
1108:from the original on 1 June 2022
1046:from the original on 15 May 2022
763:from the original on 27 May 2022
425:Sử học luận đàm: Một bức thư Huế
382:Mrs. Phi Yến's death anniversary
2649:Orders, decorations, and medals
2093:Cambodian rebellion (1811–1812)
2081:French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh
1096:Bùi Ngọc Long (27 April 2022).
333:Lễ hội giỗ bà Phi Yến ở Côn Đảo
245:Lễ giỗ Bà Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến
126:Nguyễn Phúc / Nguyễn Phước clan
2299:Special administrative regions
280:hồ nước hình tròn bằng xi măng
1:
2158:Bombardment of Tourane (1847)
1726:Imperial Household Department
1704:Office of the National Altars
1424:Tự Đức's Catholic persecution
1325:French protectorates of Annam
1199:Bùi Ngọc Long (30 May 2022).
1040:Socialist Republic of Vietnam
153:In 1783, after losing to the
2229:Prominent military personnel
2185:Ba Dinh uprising / Cần Vương
1699:Court of Imperial Sacrifices
504:Institute of Hán-Nôm Studies
502:, and Dr. Nguyễn Xuân Diện (
486:) is an organisation of the
2311:Principality of Thuận Thành
1794:Seals of the Nguyễn dynasty
863:hoangdai (27 August 2021).
210:plant back to the sky, the
46:: 黎氏菻), is a controversial
2789:
2579:French Indochinese piastre
2148:Cambodian rebellion (1840)
2098:Cambodian rebellion (1820)
1694:Court of the Imperial Stud
1511:Communist Party of Vietnam
1451:French conquest of Vietnam
1342:
1245:Viết Tuân (22 June 2022).
614:is actually the island of
582:, and when brought to the
476:Di sản văn hóa phi vật thể
137:(Mrs. Phi Yến) instead of
28:Imperial Concubine Phi Yến
1809:Provincial administration
1672:Ministries & agencies
1549:Vietnamese famine of 1945
496:Huế University of Science
388:Scholarship and debunking
2347:Palaces & mausoleums
2128:Nông Văn Vân's Rebellion
2108:Phan Bá Vành's Rebellion
1684:Court of Judicial Review
1461:Great Hanoi Rat Massacre
724:Vietnamese folk religion
644:bà thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến
375:People's Army of Vietnam
349:địa phương như hương hoa
321:Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province
56:Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province
2702:Long Wall of Quảng Ngãi
2434:Hoàng Lê nhất thống chí
2318:Principality of Hà Tiên
1877:Jean-Baptiste Chaigneau
1491:Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội
1161:Online (23 June 2022).
962:(in Vietnamese). 2008.
685:Thừa Thiên Huế province
677:to deliberate with the
558:Online (27 April 2022).
535:Nguyễn Phúc tộc thế phả
459:Thừa Thiên Huế province
124:Representatives of the
2732:Vietnamese nationalism
2424:Đại Nam nhất thống chí
2195:Pacification of Tonkin
2123:Nduai Kabait rebellion
1501:Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng
1441:French protectorate(s)
1032:Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus)
565:Hoàng tộc triều Nguyễn
544:
407:
400:to the request by the
204:"The wind brought the
35:
24:
2465:Imperial Academy, Huế
2412:Society & culture
1836:French administration
1741:Ministry of Education
1554:Abdication of Bảo Đại
1203:(in Vietnamese). Báo
1171:Microsoft Corporation
1165:(in Vietnamese). The
1131:(in Vietnamese). Báo
1100:(in Vietnamese). Báo
795:Microsoft Corporation
789:(in Vietnamese). The
755:(in Vietnamese). Báo
650:On 26 April 2022 the
482:(also written as the
447:On 26 April 2022 the
395:
233:Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến
139:Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến
76:government of Vietnam
36:Thứ phi Hoàng Phi Yến
19:
2768:Vietnamese goddesses
2753:Vietnamese mythology
2697:House of Nguyễn Phúc
2470:Imperial examination
2361:Imperial City of Huế
2205:Vue Pa Chay's revolt
2200:Thái Nguyên uprising
2190:Yên Thế Insurrection
2163:Cochinchina campaign
729:Vietnamese mythology
712:giỗ bà Hoàng Phi Yến
345:traditional clothing
2682:Domain of the Crown
2572:Colonial currencies
2527:Khải Định Thông Bảo
2384:Thien Tho Mausoleum
2138:Ja Thak Wa uprising
2133:Katip Sumat's Jihad
2103:Ja Lidong rebellion
1721:Imperial Clan Court
1506:Le Travail movement
1377:Sovereign Việt Nam
539:Đại Nam liệt truyện
521:Đại Nam liệt truyện
231:Since the death of
2763:Vietnamese deities
2492:Tonkin Free School
2328:Thủy Xá and Hỏa Xá
2173:Garnier Expedition
2143:Lê Văn Khôi revolt
1902:Michael Hồ Đình Hy
1882:Jean Marie Despiau
960:Phong Nha Explorer
408:
396:Response from the
300:five elements flag
268:French Cochinchina
171:diplomatic mission
25:
2740:
2739:
2587:
2586:
2532:Bảo Đại Thông Bảo
2407:
2406:
2323:Sip Song Chau Tai
2294:
2293:
2286:Trương Minh Giảng
2276:Nguyễn Tri Phương
2220:August Revolution
2055:
2054:
2032:Trương Minh Giảng
1982:Nguyễn Tri Phương
1799:Vietnamese dragon
1567:
1566:
1481:Hanoi Poison Plot
1431:Văn Thân movement
1414:Citadel of Saigon
1335:Empire of Vietnam
1249:(in Vietnamese).
1167:Microsoft Network
1030:(in Vietnamese).
913:(in Vietnamese).
791:Microsoft Network
588:Thủy Long thần nữ
436:citadel of Saigon
429:Tôn Thất Dương Kỵ
380:The festival for
341:traditional music
323:on 8 April 2009.
298:and one with the
167:Tây Sơn Rebellion
143:Vietnamese people
119:Thủy Long thần nữ
2780:
2517:Tự Đức Thông Bảo
2505:
2429:Đại Nam thực lục
2351:
2261:Nguyễn Văn Thành
2256:Nguyễn Huỳnh Đức
2069:Battles and wars
2066:
2047:Philippe Vannier
2042:Nguyễn Văn Tường
1932:Nguyễn Huỳnh Đức
1927:Nguyễn Trường Tộ
1867:Bạch Xuân Nguyên
1843:Khâm sứ Trung Kỳ
1782:Provincial flags
1578:
1466:Hanoi Exhibition
1444:(Pháp thuộc, 法屬)
1374:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1274:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1242:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1093:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1023:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
993:
976:
975:
973:
971:
952:
931:
930:
928:
926:
906:
885:
884:
882:
880:
869:Côn Đảo district
860:
811:
810:
808:
806:
785:(23 June 2022).
779:
773:
772:
770:
768:
748:
624:Hà Tiên province
607:Đại Nam thực lục
576:Nguyễn Thanh Lợi
559:
488:Nguyễn Phúc clan
470:proposed to the
355:), sticky rice (
351:), five fruits (
307:South Vietnamese
264:Côn Đảo district
2788:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2773:Vietnamese gods
2743:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2670:
2644:
2603:
2583:
2567:
2536:
2496:
2453:
2403:
2389:Khiêm Mausoleum
2372:
2342:
2290:
2271:Nguyễn Văn Nhơn
2251:Nguyễn Cư Trinh
2224:
2178:Sino-French War
2168:Tonkin campaign
2051:
2007:Tôn Thất Thuyết
1992:Nguyễn Ngọc Thơ
1977:Phan Thanh Liêm
1972:Phan Thanh Giản
1967:Phan Đình Phùng
1947:Nguyễn Văn Nhơn
1852:
1848:Thống sứ Bắc Kỳ
1831:
1803:
1755:
1667:
1563:
1537:Japanese period
1532:
1443:
1435:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1319:Sovereign state
1307:
1301:
1271:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1244:
1243:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1180:
1178:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1142:
1140:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1109:
1095:
1094:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1025:
1024:
1017:
1007:
1005:
995:
994:
979:
969:
967:
954:
953:
934:
924:
922:
908:
907:
888:
878:
876:
862:
861:
814:
804:
802:
781:
780:
776:
766:
764:
750:
749:
742:
737:
720:
667:
584:southern region
580:Central Vietnam
569:hoàng tử Hội An
561:
546:
500:Nguyễn Đắc Xuân
445:
421:tạp chí Tri Tân
413:
390:
373:Committee, the
371:Communist Party
329:
317:Miếu Bà Phi Yến
296:flag of Vietnam
256:Miếu Bà Phi Yến
253:
175:Tây Sơn dynasty
151:
105:) or king (國王,
81:Historians and
60:Nguyễn Phúc Ánh
12:
11:
5:
2786:
2784:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2758:Nguyen dynasty
2755:
2745:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2712:Thoại Hà Canal
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2541:Currency units
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2522:Tự Đức Bảo Sao
2519:
2513:
2511:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2357:
2355:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2338:Trấn Tây Thành
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2266:Nguyễn Văn Tồn
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2210:Yên Bái mutiny
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2072:
2070:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2037:Trương Tấn Bửu
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2012:Trần Trọng Kim
2009:
2004:
1999:
1997:Thoại Ngọc Hầu
1994:
1989:
1987:Thân Văn Nhiếp
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1962:Phạm Thận Duật
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1942:Nguyễn Văn Tồn
1939:
1937:Nguyễn Văn Tâm
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1887:Hoàng Cao Khải
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1863:
1861:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1813:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1586:
1584:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1383:thời độc lập,
1371:
1367:
1366:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1322:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1304:Nguyễn dynasty
1302:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1277:
1269:
1268:
1222:
1191:
1150:
1119:
1057:
1015:
977:
932:
886:
812:
774:
739:
738:
736:
733:
732:
731:
726:
719:
716:
708:giỗ bà Phi Yến
666:
663:
612:Tây Sơn rebels
512:
444:
441:
412:
409:
389:
386:
337:lunar calendar
328:
325:
252:
249:
150:
147:
83:Nguyễn dynasty
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2785:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2717:Vĩnh Tế Canal
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
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2400:
2399:Ứng Mausoleum
2397:
2395:
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2390:
2387:
2385:
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2381:
2379:
2375:
2367:
2366:Meridian Gate
2364:
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2281:Phan Văn Thúy
2279:
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2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
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2236:Hoàng Kế Viêm
2234:
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2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2002:Tôn Thất Đính
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
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1952:Phan Văn Thúy
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
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1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1922:Ngô Đình Khôi
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:Ngô Đình Diệm
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1897:Hoàng Kế Viêm
1895:
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1890:
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1880:
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1772:Đăng đàn cung
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1123:
1120:
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695:
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682:
681:
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664:
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648:
645:
640:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
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604:noted in the
603:
598:
596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
572:
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566:
560:
557:
553:
552:Bùi Ngọc Long
549:
543:
540:
536:
531:
529:
524:
522:
518:
511:
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497:
491:
489:
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477:
473:
469:
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314:
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308:
303:
301:
297:
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276:
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269:
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257:
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198:
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188:
182:
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176:
172:
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164:
160:
156:
148:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
127:
122:
120:
116:
115:Thứ phi Hoàng
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
79:
77:
73:
69:
64:
61:
57:
54:archipelago,
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
23:
18:
2675:Other topics
2394:An Mausoleum
2241:Lê Văn Duyệt
2076:Tây Sơn wars
2022:Đặng Huy Trứ
2017:Trần Cao Vân
1917:Ngô Đình Khả
1872:Cao Xuân Dục
1767:Coat of arms
1731:Quốc Tử Giám
1711:Hàn lâm viện
1516:Phú Riềng Đỏ
1392:Nguyễn lords
1381:(Nhà Nguyễn
1259:. Retrieved
1213:. Retrieved
1194:
1186:
1179:. Retrieved
1153:
1141:. Retrieved
1122:
1110:. Retrieved
1048:. Retrieved
1006:. Retrieved
968:. Retrieved
959:
923:. Retrieved
877:. Retrieved
803:. Retrieved
777:
765:. Retrieved
711:
707:
703:
699:
696:
692:
689:
678:
668:
658:
656:
651:
649:
643:
638:
636:
631:
618:in southern
605:
601:
599:
595:Nguyễn Vương
594:
592:
587:
573:
568:
564:
562:
547:
545:
538:
534:
532:
525:
520:
516:
514:
492:
483:
479:
475:
467:
462:
448:
446:
433:
424:
420:
414:
401:
381:
379:
368:
365:
360:
356:
352:
348:
332:
330:
316:
315:
304:
288:yin and yang
279:
277:
273:
259:
255:
254:
244:
240:
232:
230:
225:
222:
219:
216:
212:laksa leaves
207:brassicaceae
205:
203:
199:
191:
186:
183:
155:Tây Sơn army
152:
138:
134:
123:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
93:in southern
86:
80:
67:
65:
48:local legend
39:
27:
26:
2246:Lê Văn Khôi
2027:Trương Định
1751:Viện cơ mật
1664:(1925–1945)
1658:(1916–1925)
1652:(1907–1916)
1646:(1889–1907)
1640:(1885–1889)
1634:(1884–1885)
1628:(1883–1884)
1610:(1847–1883)
1604:(1841–1847)
1598:(1820–1841)
1592:(1802–1820)
1476:Duy Tân Hội
1331:(1883–1945)
1321:(1802–1883)
260:An Sơn Miếu
241:An Sơn miếu
2747:Categories
2509:Cash coins
1957:Phạm Quỳnh
1892:Hoàng Diệu
1857:Prominent
1644:Thành Thái
1638:Đồng Khánh
1573:Government
1397:Đàng Trong
1205:Thanh Niên
1133:Thanh Niên
1102:Thanh Niên
1036:Government
757:Thanh Niên
735:References
673:asked the
671:Vũ Đức Đam
556:Thanh Niên
528:Vietnamese
526:(Original
450:Thanh Niên
419:magazine (
247:festival.
159:Nguyễn Ánh
135:Bà Phi Yến
107:Quốc vương
40:Lê Thị Răm
32:Vietnamese
2727:Việt gian
2666:Kim Khánh
2599:Hương ước
2458:Education
2333:Trấn Ninh
1859:mandarins
1827:Tổng Trấn
1679:Censorate
1656:Khải Định
1626:Kiến Phúc
1602:Thiệu Trị
1596:Minh Mạng
1521:Việt Minh
1456:Cần Vương
1379:/ Đại Nam
1251:VnExpress
783:VnExpress
700:lễ giỗ Bà
683:from the
311:Scout car
2722:Tôn Thất
2608:Treaties
2501:Currency
2444:Khăn vấn
2061:Military
1822:Tuần phủ
1632:Hàm Nghi
1620:Hiệp Hòa
1590:Gia Long
1582:Emperors
1402:Nam tiến
1312:Overview
1255:Archived
1209:Archived
1207:Online.
1175:Archived
1159:Tuổi Trẻ
1137:Archived
1135:Online.
1106:Archived
1104:Online.
1044:Archived
1002:Archived
964:Archived
919:Archived
917:Online.
915:Tuổi Trẻ
873:Archived
799:Archived
761:Archived
759:Online.
718:See also
628:Phú Quốc
620:Cambodia
427:) where
359:), tea (
327:Festival
194:Phú Quốc
111:Hoàng đế
95:Cambodia
91:Koh Rong
38:), born
2354:Palaces
1907:Lê Chất
1760:Symbols
1746:Nội các
1662:Bảo Đại
1650:Duy Tân
1614:Dục Đức
1471:Đông Du
1385:茹阮𥱯獨立)
1370:History
1261:24 June
1215:23 June
1181:24 June
1143:23 June
1112:23 June
1050:24 June
1038:of the
1008:24 June
970:23 June
925:24 June
879:23 June
805:24 June
767:24 June
616:Cổ Long
602:Côn Lôn
417:Tri Tân
353:ngũ quả
284:rockery
237:âm lịch
163:Côn Đảo
157:, Lord
87:Côn Lôn
72:Vietnam
52:Côn Đảo
50:of the
44:Hán-Nôm
22:Côn Đảo
2641:(1884)
2635:(1883)
2629:(1874)
2627:Saigon
2623:(1863)
2617:(1862)
2615:Saigon
2419:Áo dài
2306:Champa
1817:Đề Đốc
1736:Lục bộ
1622:(1883)
1616:(1883)
1608:Tự Đức
1337:(1945)
1329:Tonkin
1306:topics
704:giỗ Bà
554:, Báo
461:. The
292:heaven
251:Temple
187:Hòn Bà
149:Legend
78:well.
2377:Tombs
1777:Flags
622:near
515:"The
70:) of
2592:Laws
2563:Tiền
2558:Quán
2553:Mạch
1327:and
1263:2022
1217:2022
1183:2022
1145:2022
1114:2022
1052:2022
1010:2022
972:2022
927:2022
881:2022
807:2022
769:2022
637:The
626:and
443:2022
411:1942
103:Chúa
101:(主,
99:lord
2656:Bai
2639:Huế
2633:Huế
2621:Huế
2548:Văn
1173:).
797:).
537:và
455:Huế
361:chè
357:xôi
145:".
121:).
2749::
1253:.
1225:^
1185:.
1060:^
1042:.
1034:–
1018:^
980:^
958:.
935:^
889:^
871:.
815:^
743:^
661:.
530:)
506:,
490:.
457:,
313:.
302:.
290:,
228:.
189:.
34::
1296:e
1289:t
1282:v
1265:.
1219:.
1169:(
1147:.
1116:.
1054:.
1012:.
974:.
929:.
883:.
809:.
793:(
771:.
42:(
30:(
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