559:, now called Madāʼin Ṣāliḥ, the Cities of Ṣāliḥ—in northwestern Arabia. When Salih began to preach monotheism, the Thamud demanded that he prove his prophethood by bringing forth a pregnant camel from solid rock. When God permitted the prophet to do this, some of the tribesmen followed Salih, while many powerful leaders continued to oppose him. After giving birth, the camel drank all the water from a well every two days and then produced enormous amounts of milk for the people. But it was hamstrung and eventually killed by nine people of Thamud, who then attempted but failed to kill Salih himself. Having failed to save his people, Salih warned that they would be destroyed after three days. On the first day, their skin would turn yellow; on the second day, red; and on the final day of destruction, black. This came to pass, and Thamud was annihilated. The traditional Muslim view is that the destruction of Thamud occurred before the prophethood of
536:
used to have such great hope in you. Will you forbid us to worship what our fathers worshiped? We are in grave doubt about what you are asking us to do." He said, "My people, just think: if I did have clear proof from my Lord, and if He had given me mercy of His own, who could protect me from God if I disobeyed Him? You would only make my loss greater. My people, this camel belongs to God, a sign for you, so leave it to pasture on God's earth and do not harm it, or you will soon be punished." But they hamstrung it, so he said, "Enjoy life for another three days: this warning will not prove false." And so, when Our command was fulfilled, by Our mercy We saved Ṣāliḥ and his fellow believers from the disgrace of that day. , it is your Lord who is the Strong, the Mighty One. The blast struck the evildoers and they lay dead in their homes, as though they had never lived and flourished there. Yes, the Thamūd denied their Lord—so away with the Thamūd!
598:, a Meccan contemporary of Muhammad who refused to accept Islam, contains a reference to the camel and Thamud. In Umayya's account, there is no Salih. Instead, the camel is killed by a certain "accursed Aḥmar", and the camel's foal stands upon a rock and curses Thamud, leading to the tribe's annihilation except for a single lame woman who is spared to spread the message of the destruction. Whether the poem is genuinely by Umayya or is a post-Islamic creation is a matter of debate.
360:. Historian Israel Eph'al questions the plausibility of Sargon's account, as the briefness of Sargon's account seems to be at odds with the fact that such a campaign deep into Arabia would have been one of the longest wars in Assyrian history, and because no mention of plunder is provided. Eph'al instead speculates that the Thamūd and other Arab tribes may have made arrangements with Sargon to trade in Samaria, which Assyrian historians embellished as submission.
541:
197:
1250:
400:, a 1st-century BCE Greek historian, mentions Thamūd in his description of the "Arabian Gulf" (the Red Sea): "This coast, then, is inhabited by Arabs who are called Thamudeni; but the coast next to it is bounded by a very large gulf, off which lie scattered islands which are in appearance very much like the islands called the
620:
is an aggregate name for some 15,000 inscriptions from all over Arabia, which have not been properly studied and identified as separate languages. The name is a misnomer from the nineteenth century, when such texts were discovered in areas associated with the Thamud in the
Islamic tradition. There is
480:
But despite the presence of a tribe called the Thamud as late as the fourth century, sixth-century Arab poets whose works are preserved in post-Islamic sources were already referring to the Thamud as an ancient and long-lost tribe whose very name recalled the transience of all things. It is possible
535:
To the Thamūd, We sent their brother, Ṣāliḥ. He said, "My people, worship God. You have no god other than Him. It was He who brought you into being from the earth and made you inhabit it, so ask forgiveness from Him, and turn back to Him: my Lord is near, and ready to answer." They said, "Ṣāliḥ, We
519:
or otherwise wounded it. God then destroyed the tribe, except for Salih and a few other righteous men. The means of God's destruction of Thamud include a thunderbolt, a storm, a shout, and an earthquake. The shout, which is an extremely loud sound, might have caused the earthquake, according to
582:
called Hegra "the land of Thamud" and did not allow his troops to drink from its wells or to use its water, and to never enter its ruins "unless weeping, lest occur to you what happened to them." The stone constructions of Hegra are actually mostly from the
472:, who are the conquerors of the Armenians. This is the temple that was built by the tribal unit of Thamūd, the leaders of their unit, so that it might be established by their hands and be their place of veneration forever... with the support of
415:, who lived in the second century, wrote that the "Thamuditai" tribe inhabited the Red Sea coastline, and that the "Thamoudenoi" tribe lived in inland northwestern Arabia—either or both may be references to the Thamūd—while his contemporary
460:, apparently the patron deity of the tribe, with the Roman government's support. Robathū is likely the ancient name of modern al-Ruwāfa. The Thamūd in question were Roman auxiliary troops, as the inscription states explicitly:
352:, the "Ibadidi", and the "Marsimani" as part of "the distant desert-dwelling Arabs who knew neither overseers nor officials and had not brought their tribute to any king". Sargon defeated these tribes, according to his
5584:
496:
as part of a moralistic lesson about God's destruction of sinful communities, a central motif in the Quran. According to the Quran, the Thamud were the successors of a previous community called the
440:
inscriptions carved some time between the first century BCE and the fourth century CE refer to "the year of the war between Gšm and the tribe of Thamūd ". An important exception is a temple at
1282:
150:. The Kingdom of Thamud was the first existing kingdom on the Arabian peninsula, according to Assyrian and Roman sources. Arabian tradition holds that the Thamud kingdom was destroyed by
527:
also mentions nine evil people of Thamud who are immediately responsible for God's punishment of their people in a narrative reminiscent of Jewish descriptions of the demise of
1305:
4928:
1275:
1268:
574:
1183:
1162:
515:
as his sign, and Salih told his countrymen that they should not harm the camel and allow it to drink from their well. But the Thamud cut its
481:
that the Thamud were not one tribe, and that other tribes took on the name of Thamūd after the original tribe by that name had gone extinct.
386:, from the second century BCE, reports that the Thamud Arabs then inhabited a "stony and large shore" of the Arabian coastline, south of the
4921:
3066:
1079:
2980:
1202:
1141:
1058:
367:, a sixth-century BC king of Babylon, includes an order that a "Te-mu-da-a Ar-ba-a-a", apparently "Thamudi Arab", be given several
2060:
2056:
1818:
4914:
3281:
227:
102:
2469:
322:
that God had sent down for them, despite the prophet's warnings, they were annihilated, except for Salih and his followers.
3595:
3743:
3287:
2732:
411:, a Roman historian of the first century CE, appears to locate the Thamūd at the unidentified inland town of "Baclanaza".
166:, by the Thamud themselves. It is possible that multiple unrelated groups took on the name of Thamud; they probably spoke
2098:
972:
500:, who had also been destroyed for their sins. They lived in houses carved into the surface of the earth. God chose the
5579:
4450:
2701:
2692:
2569:
2348:
511:. The tribe refused to heed him, saying that Salih was merely a mortal, and demanded a sign from God. God sent down a
5502:
2917:
1212:
Sinai, Nicolai (2011), "Religious poetry from the
Quranic milieu: Umayya b. Abī l-Ṣalt on the fate of the Thamūd",
473:
444:
in northwestern Saudi Arabia, built by the Thamūd themselves in the 160s CE. The temple inscriptions, known as the
154:. It had no written law, but the tribal leader played the role of ruler. The Thamud are mentioned in contemporary
5574:
2872:
1700:
5569:
3872:
3560:
1089:
Graf, David F.; Zwettler, Michael J. (2004), "The North
Arabian 'Thamudic E' Inscription from Uraynibah West",
746:
3460:
556:
545:
207:
77:
433:
mentions two units of Thamūd warriors serving the
Byzantine Empire, one in Egypt and the other in Palestine.
5107:
3635:
2559:
2302:
1962:
555:
adds detail to the Quran's account. Accordingly, the Thamud were a powerful and idolatrous tribe living in
489:
Arab
Islamic sources state that the Thamud were an early Arab tribe that had gone extinct in ancient days.
3716:
2971:
2912:
2603:
2282:
595:
416:
124:
3971:
3840:
3737:
2532:
2399:
2188:
2092:
1947:
1860:
1572:
1337:
630:
392:
1151:
Macdonald, Michael C. A. (2015), "Arabs and
Empires before the Sixth Century", in Fisher, Greg (ed.),
5550:
5538:
3993:
3588:
3472:
2429:
609:
in the period of
Muhammad, was descended from a survivor of the Thamud (sometimes a slave of Salih).
368:
4899:
Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)
4466:
4022:
3966:
3761:
3429:
3071:
2294:
1673:
1659:
445:
375:
332:
159:
196:
4379:
4348:
3821:
3467:
3219:
2802:
1491:
1254:
1229:
1114:
1106:
528:
512:
429:
135:
64:
3041:
1172:
Munt, Harry (2015), "Arabic and
Persian Sources for Pre-Islamic Arabia", in Fisher, Greg (ed.),
441:
436:
The Thamūd are infrequently mentioned in contemporary indigenous
Arabian sources, although two
4835:
4027:
4012:
3948:
3407:
3133:
2617:
2395:
2375:
2368:
1198:
1179:
1158:
1137:
1075:
1054:
501:
453:
308:
139:
162:, and Arabian sources, including in inscriptions in a temple erected in the 160s for the god
5090:
5050:
4938:
4807:
4407:
4400:
4320:
4079:
4007:
3954:
3862:
3682:
3008:
2951:
2809:
2737:
2522:
2143:
1993:
1989:
1968:
1936:
1926:
1600:
1459:
1441:
1418:
1221:
1098:
397:
319:
540:
5472:
5158:
4770:
4597:
4358:
4314:
3128:
2046:
1894:
1577:
1541:
1386:
465:
408:
371:. This individual was probably a merchant or official in service of the Babylonian court.
115:
2072:
1050:
The
Ancient Arabs: Nomads on the Borders of the Fertile Crescent, 9th—5th Centuries B.C.
299:
people who were destroyed by God for their sins. According to the Quran and the Islamic
5477:
5136:
4986:
4473:
4460:
4428:
4388:
4255:
4246:
4017:
4002:
3941:
3884:
3658:
3578:
3519:
3188:
2718:
2475:
2363:
2337:
2321:
2174:
2133:
2105:
1999:
1916:
1882:
1866:
1434:
456:) state that it was constructed by a priest named Šʿdt of the "Thamūd of Robathū" for
5563:
5227:
5212:
5189:
5126:
5095:
5065:
5001:
4455:
4167:
4090:
4067:
3512:
3418:
2927:
2922:
2878:
2853:
2819:
2785:
2722:
2709:
2542:
2184:
2153:
1888:
1836:
1118:
449:
387:
379:
345:
33:
772:
5497:
5445:
5440:
5418:
5394:
5333:
5318:
5294:
5284:
5244:
5055:
5033:
5011:
4551:
4308:
3894:
3827:
3493:
3450:
3142:
3123:
3118:
2935:
2907:
2863:
1943:
1856:
1525:
1400:
1327:
469:
296:
283:
151:
5372:
5352:
4961:
2564:
1260:
1173:
1152:
1127:
1069:
1048:
5403:
5357:
5323:
5274:
5254:
5197:
5180:
5153:
5141:
5117:
5112:
5085:
5060:
5045:
4966:
4741:
4534:
4289:
4231:
4220:
3854:
3832:
3814:
3755:
3621:
3610:
3606:
3148:
3061:
3056:
1644:
602:
588:
155:
1627:
174:
scripts, an aggregate term for understudied writing systems of Ancient Arabia.
5492:
5487:
5482:
5408:
5389:
5377:
5367:
5328:
5289:
5269:
5202:
5165:
4991:
4566:
4270:
4150:
4045:
3629:
3454:
3276:
3229:
3113:
2794:
2343:
1225:
217:
167:
92:
5519:
5509:
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5425:
5362:
5264:
5175:
5170:
5075:
5023:
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4829:
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4507:
3770:
3696:
3542:
3330:
3199:
2900:
2884:
2358:
1876:
1610:
1564:
1513:
1377:
1133:
584:
516:
420:
401:
364:
341:
315:
32:
This article is about the ancient Arabian tribe. For the town in Yemen, see
5435:
5430:
4956:
3959:
2965:
497:
5249:
1249:
587:
period, especially the first century CE. The ninth-century Muslim scholar
5465:
5455:
5340:
5313:
5279:
5222:
5148:
5006:
4971:
4906:
4731:
4571:
4556:
3845:
3527:
3367:
3356:
3349:
3138:
2986:
2593:
2497:
2487:
2412:
2223:
2087:
1714:
1520:
617:
606:
579:
437:
237:
171:
88:
1233:
1195:
The Arabs in Antiquity: Their history from the Assyrians to the Umayyads
5524:
5384:
5347:
5301:
5217:
5207:
5131:
4797:
4592:
4096:
4054:
3909:
3866:
3795:
3790:
3727:
3662:
3648:
3550:
3269:
3205:
3194:
3046:
2993:
2956:
2686:
2630:
2547:
2536:
2147:
2119:
1972:
1930:
1910:
1846:
1783:
1734:
1655:
1620:
1110:
560:
524:
424:
412:
357:
337:
147:
143:
964:
17:
5413:
5259:
5232:
5102:
5080:
5070:
5040:
4840:
4715:
4587:
4502:
4421:
4363:
4179:
4173:
3879:
3705:
3690:
3487:
3444:
3439:
3376:
3344:
3257:
3240:
3167:
3102:
2830:
2814:
2746:
2742:
2727:
2622:
2598:
2588:
2502:
2437:
2239:
2233:
2229:
2202:
2179:
2050:
1958:
1904:
1850:
1722:
1666:
1558:
1501:
1481:
1423:
1410:
1395:
1068:
Firestone, Reuven (2006), "Thamūd", in McAuliffe, Jane Dammen (ed.),
621:
no special connection between these scripts and the tribe of Thamud.
568:
552:
508:
300:
4947:
These prefixes ignored in the alphabetical ordering: Al, Bani, Banu.
1102:
5239:
5028:
5018:
4976:
4761:
4416:
4393:
4371:
4161:
4155:
4125:
3807:
3709:
3532:
3505:
3481:
3391:
3262:
3174:
3036:
2946:
2895:
2858:
2846:
2608:
2553:
2526:
2482:
2465:
2326:
2194:
2137:
2109:
2032:
2018:
2014:
2003:
1979:
1953:
1920:
1898:
1870:
1794:
1764:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1739:
1707:
1588:
1546:
1508:
1450:
1341:
1292:
539:
521:
504:
493:
349:
311:
304:
292:
57:
348:. As the "Ta-mu-di", the peoples are mentioned together with the
5514:
5450:
5308:
4561:
4524:
4116:
3899:
3572:
3361:
3251:
3235:
2780:
2492:
2198:
2157:
2028:
1983:
1840:
1689:
1593:
1129:
Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam
457:
163:
4910:
4340:
3926:
3315:
2651:
2261:
1816:
1316:
1303:
1264:
142:
between the late-eighth century BCE, when they are attested in
4996:
4751:
4145:
3587:(The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and
2287:
1331:
507:
to warn the polytheistic Thamud that they should worship the
146:
sources, and the fifth century CE, when they served as Roman
947:
945:
943:
747:"LacusCurtius • Diodorus Siculus — Book III Chapters 35–48"
404:". The coast being referred to lies just prior to Yemen.
5585:
States and territories disestablished in the 5th century
798:
796:
464:
For the well-being of the rulers of the whole world...
3422:('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills')
1214:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
1091:
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
4120:(literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage)
129:
4853:
4781:
4704:
4665:
4614:
4580:
4544:
4517:
4485:
4439:
4347:
4302:
4136:
4107:
4076:
4036:
3984:
3783:
3672:
3619:
3559:
3404:
3322:
3157:
3093:
3020:
2944:
2764:
2662:
2579:
2515:
2446:
2385:
2272:
2216:
2167:
2070:
1829:
1775:
1732:
1687:
1609:
1539:
1470:
1368:
1361:
279:
265:
255:
243:
233:
223:
213:
203:
179:
134:) were an ancient tribe or tribal confederation in
98:
84:
73:
63:
53:
41:
423:. The Thamūd also joined the Byzantine armies as
3730:, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration')
2318:Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo
295:mentions the Thamud as an example of an ancient
170:. The Thamud are not specially connected to the
492:Thamud is mentioned twenty-three times in the
4922:
1276:
1178:, Oxford University Press, pp. 434–500,
591:believed that the Thamud were the Nabateans.
578:collection narrates that the Islamic prophet
8:
1390:(wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph
1029:
965:"Al-Hijr Archaeological Site (Madâin Sâlih)"
1157:, Oxford University Press, pp. 11–90,
520:certain scholars. The account presented in
4929:
4915:
4907:
4701:
4514:
4482:
4337:
3981:
3923:
3748:A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly:
3401:
3312:
3062:ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim
2864:Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad)
2772:
2761:
2659:
2648:
2382:
2269:
2258:
2242:(Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)
2067:
1826:
1813:
1606:
1365:
1358:
1313:
1300:
1283:
1269:
1261:
709:
697:
685:
673:
195:
176:
27:Tribal confederation in pre-Islamic Arabia
951:
922:
910:
898:
850:
838:
826:
814:
787:
777:. Internet Archive. London & Toronto.
733:
661:
1071:Encyclopaedia of the Qurʼān, Volume Five
419:believed that the Thamūd neighbored the
1017:
874:
862:
802:
649:
642:
2572:(Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr)
2458:Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura)
307:tribe who rejected the message of the
38:
3928:Events, incidents, occasions or times
2307:Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos
2035:)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)')
1005:
993:
886:
721:
264:
254:
250:
7:
4259:('Before the Setting (of the Sun)')
2738:People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin
934:
601:Some Islamic sources claim that the
356:, and had them forcibly deported to
378:sources. Surviving quotations from
119:
25:
4284:('Before the rising of the Sun')
4451:Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles
2887:(Emigrants from Mecca to Medina)
1248:
771:E. H. Warmington, M. A. (1934).
4093:(The Sacred or Forbidden Month)
3498:('Sanctuary (which is) Secure')
2854:Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog
1528:', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter')
407:In a somewhat muddled passage,
344:(r. 722—705 BCE), inscribed at
330:The word Thamud appears in the
138:that occupied the northwestern
3397:Salsabīl (A river in Paradise)
3290:at the time of Abraham and Lot
2754:(People of Sodom and Gomorrah)
2421:(King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd))
1913:(Joachim the father of Maryam)
1175:Arabs and Empires before Islam
1154:Arabs and Empires before Islam
1:
544:Ruins of carved buildings at
190:8th century BC–5th century AD
4189:(The Afternoon or the Night)
4087:12 months: Four holy months
3639:('Place-of-Landing Blessed')
3232:(s) or People of the Injil)
2570:Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel
2099:names and titles of Muhammad
1344:found in the Quran, such as
973:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
374:Thamūd is also mentioned in
3958:(Flood of the Great Dam of
2279:Adam's immediate relatives
1126:Hoyland, Robert G. (2001),
1074:, Brill, pp. 252–254,
572:tradition preserved in the
303:, the Thamud were an early
130:
5601:
4165:('Remembrance', including
3811:(literally 'The Barrier')
2839:('Companions of the Wood')
2728:Companions of the Elephant
2677:People of the Burnt Garden
2041:('Companion of the Whale')
1637:('The Trustworthy Spirit')
605:tribe, an Arab tribe from
466:Marcus Aurelius Anthoninus
31:
5547:
4952:
4945:
4894:
4432:('Mother of the Book(s)')
4336:
4058:(The Sabbath or Saturday)
3980:
3933:
3922:
3352:, literally 'The Garden')
3311:
3241:Qissis (Christian priest)
2775:
2658:
2647:
2268:
2257:
1825:
1812:
1357:
1323:
1312:
1299:
1291:People and things in the
1226:10.1017/S0041977X11000309
448:(composed bilingually in
275:
251:
194:
189:
48:
3288:Mesopotamian polytheists
3236:Ruhban (Christian monks)
3110:(People of the Verandah)
2987:People of Sabaʾ or Sheba
2790:(literally 'The Romans')
2710:Companions of Noah's Ark
2627:Rahmah the wife of Ayyub
2556:(Korah, cousin of Moses)
2476:Magicians of the Pharaoh
2378:(Muhammad's adopted son)
1670:(Angel of Death, Azrael)
1454:(fish or whale) of Jonah
1030:Graf & Zwettler 2004
363:A surviving letter from
4771:Forbidden fruit of Adam
4241:('Decline of the Sun')
4129:(The Lesser Pilgrimage)
3859:Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn
3284:at the time of Muhammad
3258:Ahbār (Jewish scholars)
2715:Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm
2611:the companion of Joshua
1445:(female ant) of Solomon
1047:Eph'al, Israel (1982),
4383:(Scroll(s) of Abraham)
4375:(The Book of Muhammad)
3885:Cave of Seven Sleepers
3708:, literally 'Place of
3596:Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah
2972:Companions of the Rass
2873:Companions of Muhammad
2719:Companions of the Cave
1654:Angel of the Trumpet (
596:Umayya ibn Abi as-Salt
548:
538:
478:
267:• Disestablished
4624:(literally 'lamps'):
4537:statue) of Israelites
4470:(Casket of Shekhinah)
3972:Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
3819:(Black Stone) &
3599:('The Blessed Place')
3067:Daughters of Muhammad
3057:Household of Muhammad
3033:Household of Abraham
2881:(literally 'Helpers')
2336:Disciples (including
1996:the son of Zechariah)
1585:(Honourable Scribes)
1573:Bearers of the Throne
751:penelope.uchicago.edu
631:Atlantis of the Sands
594:A poem attributed to
543:
533:
470:Lucius Aurelius Verus
462:
393:Bibliotheca historica
214:Common languages
4404:(Scroll(s) of Moses)
4282:Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams
3999:('the Confederates')
3987:military expeditions
3762:The Prophet's Mosque
3720:('The Sacred Grove')
3516:(Station of Abraham)
3331:Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah
3007:('Companions of the
2806:(Sodom and Gomorrah)
2798:(Children of Israel)
2493:Moses' sister-in-law
2472:, who adopted Moses)
2415:, Qatafir or Qittin)
2394:Brothers (including
2140:He who spoke to God)
1463:(she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ
1435:sleepers of the cave
1403:) of the Abyssinians
1257:at Wikimedia Commons
553:exegetical tradition
384:On the Erythrean Sea
314:. When they cut the
301:exegetical tradition
5503:Sa'd ibn Zayd Manat
4023:Expedition of Tabuk
3967:Farewell Pilgrimage
3717:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām
3636:Munzalanm-Mubārakan
3455:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām
3430:Iram of the Pillars
2733:People of al-Ukhdūd
2685:(Companions of the
2144:Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh
1411:Domesticated donkey
1381:(cow) of Israelites
1193:Retsö, Jan (2003),
1008:, pp. 407–410.
925:, pp. 253–254.
724:, pp. 297–299.
700:, pp. 105–107.
446:Ruwafa inscriptions
326:Pre-Islamic sources
257:• Established
5580:Arab ethnic groups
5108:Bakr ibn Abd Manat
4478:Trumpet of Israfil
4224:('The Late-Night')
4091:Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām
3837:(Cave of the Bull)
3822:Al-Hijr of Isma'il
3734:Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām
3426:Iram dhāt al-ʿImād
3411:(excluding Madyan)
3334:('The Holy Land')
3282:Meccan polytheists
3220:People of the Book
3078:Household of Salih
3053:Household of Moses
3001:(people of Ṣāliḥ)
2702:Disciples of Jesus
2674:People of Paradise
2466:Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim
2355:People of Solomon
2315:People of Abraham
2295:Believer of Ya-Sin
2263:People of Prophets
1961:(Jethro, Reuel or
1768:('Rebellious one')
1492:Beast of the Earth
549:
474:Antistius Adventus
430:Notitia Dignitatum
228:Arabian polytheism
136:pre-Islamic Arabia
103:Arabian polytheism
49:Ancient Arab tribe
5557:
5556:
4904:
4903:
4890:
4889:
4863:(Water or fluid)
4849:
4848:
4836:Sidrat al-Muntahā
4680:(Garlic or wheat)
4610:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4274:('The Afternoon')
4265:('The Afternoon')
4195:('The Mornings')
4028:Conquest of Mecca
4013:Battle of Khaybar
3949:Event of Mubahala
3945:(Night of Decree)
3918:
3917:
3873:Bilād ar-Rāfidayn
3816:Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad
3779:
3778:
3771:Salat (Synagogue)
3724:Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā
3575:Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan
3408:Arabian Peninsula
3383:Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn
3307:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3037:Brothers of Yūsuf
2908:Children of Ayyub
2901:Wife of Abu Lahab
2859:People of Fir'aun
2850:(People of Jonah)
2824:People of Shuaib
2810:People of Ibrahim
2743:People of Yathrib
2643:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2618:Nebuchadnezzar II
2511:
2510:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2212:
2211:
2081:and Strong Will')
1808:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1683:
1682:
1623:(Gabriel, chief)
1535:
1534:
1253:Media related to
1185:978-0-19-965452-9
1164:978-0-19-965452-9
889:, pp. 34–37.
865:, pp. 68–69.
841:, pp. 54–56.
790:, pp. 46–47.
454:Nabataean Aramaic
369:talents of silver
289:
288:
181:Kingdom of Thamud
140:Arabian Peninsula
128:
108:
107:
16:(Redirected from
5592:
5575:History of Hejaz
4931:
4924:
4917:
4908:
4790:Plants of Sheba
4702:
4545:Of Noah's people
4515:
4483:
4474:Throne of Bilqis
4467:Tābūt as-Sakīnah
4408:Tablets of Stone
4338:
4321:First Pilgrimage
4137:Times for prayer
4080:Islamic calendar
4008:Battle of Hunayn
3982:
3924:
3863:Bayt al-Muqaddas
3402:
3313:
3072:Muhammad's wives
3047:Progeny of Imran
2929:Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj
2831:People of Madyan
2773:
2762:
2660:
2649:
2383:
2349:Zechariah's wife
2333:People of Jesus
2322:Ishmael's mother
2270:
2259:
2068:
2009:Isrāʾīl (Israel)
1994:John the Baptist
1827:
1814:
1607:
1601:Munkar and Nakir
1366:
1359:
1314:
1301:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1262:
1252:
1237:
1208:
1189:
1168:
1147:
1122:
1085:
1064:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
985:
984:
982:
980:
961:
955:
949:
938:
932:
926:
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
890:
884:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
824:
818:
812:
806:
800:
791:
785:
779:
778:
768:
762:
761:
759:
757:
743:
737:
731:
725:
719:
713:
707:
701:
695:
689:
683:
677:
671:
665:
659:
653:
647:
575:Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī
476:, the governor.
199:
177:
133:
123:
121:
80:, northern Hejaz
39:
21:
5600:
5599:
5595:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5570:Ancient peoples
5560:
5559:
5558:
5553:
5543:
4948:
4941:
4935:
4905:
4900:
4886:
4845:
4783:
4777:
4700:
4661:
4616:
4602:
4576:
4540:
4513:
4487:
4486:Mentioned idols
4481:
4443:
4441:
4435:
4380:Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm
4343:
4324:
4315:Laylat al-Mabit
4298:
4250:('The Evening')
4239:Dulūk ash-Shams
4207:('The Morning')
4201:('The Morning')
4138:
4132:
4103:
4078:
4072:
4061:Days of battles
4032:
3986:
3976:
3937:Incident of Ifk
3929:
3914:
3905:Palestine River
3775:
3744:Masjid al-Dirar
3674:
3668:
3615:
3563:
3555:
3410:
3406:
3400:
3337:'Blessed' Land'
3318:
3295:
3159:
3153:
3134:Umayyad Dynasty
3095:
3081:
3042:Lot's daughters
3026:
3025:('People of the
3024:
3016:
2968:(people of Hud)
2954:
2940:
2932:(Gog and Magog)
2815:People of Ilyas
2768:
2766:
2760:
2693:Jesus' apostles
2670:Aṣḥāb al-Jannah
2654:
2635:
2581:
2575:
2539:of Moses' time)
2507:
2483:Wise, pious man
2470:Wife of Pharaoh
2462:Imraʾat Firʿawn
2449:Aaron and Moses
2448:
2442:
2398:(Benjamin) and
2387:
2381:
2299:Family of Noah
2264:
2245:
2208:
2163:
2134:Mūsā Kalīmullāh
2080:
2078:
2076:
2066:
1992:ibn Zakariyyā (
1821:
1800:
1771:
1728:
1679:
1641:Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus
1631:('The Spirit')
1605:
1583:Kirāman Kātibīn
1578:Harut and Marut
1555:Angels of Hell
1531:
1466:
1353:
1319:
1308:
1295:
1289:
1245:
1240:
1211:
1205:
1192:
1186:
1171:
1165:
1150:
1144:
1125:
1103:10.2307/4150069
1088:
1082:
1067:
1061:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1036:
1028:
1024:
1016:
1012:
1004:
1000:
992:
988:
978:
976:
963:
962:
958:
950:
941:
933:
929:
921:
917:
909:
905:
897:
893:
885:
881:
873:
869:
861:
857:
849:
845:
837:
833:
825:
821:
813:
809:
801:
794:
786:
782:
774:Greek Geography
770:
769:
765:
755:
753:
745:
744:
740:
732:
728:
720:
716:
708:
704:
696:
692:
684:
680:
672:
668:
660:
656:
648:
644:
639:
627:
615:
613:Thamudic script
487:
485:Islamic sources
409:Pliny the Elder
328:
268:
258:
185:
182:
43:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5598:
5596:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5562:
5561:
5555:
5554:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5512:
5507:
5506:
5505:
5500:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5469:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5428:
5423:
5422:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5400:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5381:
5380:
5370:
5360:
5355:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5338:
5337:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5265:Bakr ibn Wa'il
5262:
5257:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5236:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5192:
5187:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5162:
5161:
5151:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5129:
5124:
5123:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5100:
5099:
5098:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5009:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4926:
4919:
4911:
4902:
4901:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4875:(River or sea)
4870:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4823:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4801:
4787:
4785:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4765:
4755:
4745:
4735:
4725:
4719:
4708:
4706:
4699:
4693:
4687:
4681:
4675:
4669:
4667:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4631:
4620:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4548:
4546:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4527:
4521:
4519:
4512:
4511:
4495:
4491:
4489:
4480:
4479:
4476:
4471:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4447:
4445:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4425:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4405:
4384:
4376:
4367:
4353:
4351:
4345:
4344:
4341:
4334:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4318:
4311:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4266:
4251:
4236:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4215:('The Night')
4210:
4209:
4208:
4202:
4190:
4171:('Praising'),
4142:
4140:
4139:or remembrance
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4121:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4084:
4082:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4050:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4018:Battle of Uhud
4015:
4010:
4005:
4003:Battle of Badr
4000:
3990:
3988:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3963:
3951:
3946:
3942:Laylat al-Qadr
3938:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3906:
3903:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3869:
3860:
3857:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3834:Ghār ath-Thawr
3830:
3825:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3746:
3741:
3731:
3721:
3699:
3694:
3687:
3678:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3657:('Township of
3652:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3626:
3624:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3585:Al-Wādil-Ayman
3579:Valley of Tuwa
3567:
3565:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3520:Safa and Marwa
3517:
3509:
3499:
3490:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3457:
3448:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3414:
3412:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3385:
3380:
3370:
3368:Door of Hittah
3365:
3353:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3285:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3203:
3191:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3171:
3168:Ahl al-Dhimmah
3163:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3145:
3136:
3131:
3129:Iranian people
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3099:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3030:
3028:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3012:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2974:
2969:
2962:
2960:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2882:
2869:Aṣḥāb Muḥammad
2861:
2856:
2851:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2837:Aṣḥāb al-Aykah
2834:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2799:
2791:
2783:
2776:
2770:
2759:
2758:
2757:Nation of Noah
2755:
2749:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2712:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2690:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2666:
2664:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2612:
2609:Caleb or Kaleb
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2540:
2530:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2459:
2452:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2422:
2416:
2403:
2391:
2389:
2380:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2364:Queen of Sheba
2361:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2327:Isaac's mother
2324:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2297:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2276:
2274:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2240:Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn
2237:
2227:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2192:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2168:Debatable ones
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2151:
2150:Friend of God)
2141:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2123:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2095:
2084:
2082:
2077:('Those of the
2065:
2064:
2054:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2036:
2012:
2011:
2010:
1997:
1987:
1976:
1966:
1956:
1951:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1924:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1892:
1886:
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1663:
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1638:
1635:Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn
1617:
1615:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1580:
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1297:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1244:
1243:External links
1241:
1239:
1238:
1220:(3): 397–416,
1209:
1203:
1190:
1184:
1169:
1163:
1148:
1142:
1123:
1097:(335): 53–89,
1086:
1081:978-9004123564
1080:
1065:
1059:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1022:
1020:, p. 254.
1010:
998:
996:, p. 407.
986:
969:whc.unesco.org
956:
954:, p. 254.
952:Firestone 2006
939:
937:, p. 479.
927:
923:Firestone 2006
915:
913:, p. 253.
911:Firestone 2006
903:
901:, p. 252.
899:Firestone 2006
891:
879:
877:, p. 224.
867:
855:
851:Macdonald 2015
843:
839:Macdonald 2015
831:
827:Macdonald 2015
819:
815:Macdonald 2015
807:
792:
788:Macdonald 2015
780:
763:
738:
734:Macdonald 2015
726:
714:
712:, p. 189.
702:
690:
688:, p. 105.
678:
666:
662:Macdonald 2015
654:
641:
640:
638:
635:
634:
633:
626:
623:
614:
611:
486:
483:
327:
324:
287:
286:
281:
277:
276:
273:
272:
271:5th century AD
269:
266:
263:
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261:8th century BC
259:
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253:
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55:
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2:
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5353:Sa'd ibn Nasr
5351:
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5342:
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5335:
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5238:
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5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5213:Banu al-Hakam
5211:
5210:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5182:
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5119:
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5110:
5109:
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4909:
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4859:
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4817:
4814:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4799:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4782:Bushes, trees
4780:
4772:
4769:
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4763:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4746:
4743:
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4553:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:Of Israelites
4516:
4509:
4505:
4504:
4499:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4488:(cult images)
4484:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4464:
4462:
4461:Staff of Musa
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4438:
4431:
4430:
4426:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4409:
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4390:
4385:
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4377:
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4307:
4305:
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4267:
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4260:
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4206:
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4135:
4128:
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4118:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4077:Months of the
4075:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4041:
4039:
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4019:
4016:
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4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3983:
3979:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3961:
3957:
3956:
3955:Sayl al-ʿArim
3952:
3950:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3925:
3921:
3911:
3907:
3904:
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3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:(Mesopotamia)
3875:
3874:
3870:
3868:
3864:
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3858:
3856:
3853:
3847:
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3769:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3738:Sacred Mosque
3735:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3703:
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3646:
3643:
3638:
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3623:
3618:
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3608:
3605:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3574:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:or Tīh Desert
3562:
3558:
3552:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3513:Maqām Ibrāhīm
3510:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3476:
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3471:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3462:
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3441:
3436:
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3427:
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3421:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3403:
3396:
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3384:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3314:
3310:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3263:Rabbani/Rabbi
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3156:
3150:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3092:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3023:
3019:
3010:
3006:
3005:Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr
3003:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2820:People of Nuh
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2763:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2683:Aṣḥāb as-Sabt
2681:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2650:
2646:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2599:Bal'am/Balaam
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:not specified
2578:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2384:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2344:Mary's mother
2342:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2303:Father Lamech
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2260:
2256:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2128:(Son of Mary)
2127:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2053:son of Jacob)
2052:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1975:son of David)
1974:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1756:(the (chief)
1755:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1595:
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1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
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1571:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1551:
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1543:
1538:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1488:Dābbat al-Arḍ
1486:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1433:(dog) of the
1432:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1389:
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1383:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1204:0-7007-1679-3
1200:
1197:, Routledge,
1196:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1149:
1145:
1143:0-415-19535-7
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1062:
1060:9789652234001
1056:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1032:, p. 56.
1031:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1002:
999:
995:
990:
987:
974:
970:
966:
960:
957:
953:
948:
946:
944:
940:
936:
931:
928:
924:
919:
916:
912:
907:
904:
900:
895:
892:
888:
883:
880:
876:
871:
868:
864:
859:
856:
853:, p. 54.
852:
847:
844:
840:
835:
832:
829:, p. 49.
828:
823:
820:
817:, p. 47.
816:
811:
808:
805:, p. 69.
804:
799:
797:
793:
789:
784:
781:
776:
775:
767:
764:
752:
748:
742:
739:
736:, p. 46.
735:
730:
727:
723:
718:
715:
711:
706:
703:
699:
694:
691:
687:
682:
679:
676:, p. 36.
675:
670:
667:
664:, p. 48.
663:
658:
655:
652:, p. 68.
651:
646:
643:
636:
632:
629:
628:
624:
622:
619:
612:
610:
608:
604:
599:
597:
592:
590:
586:
581:
577:
576:
571:
570:
564:
562:
558:
554:
547:
542:
537:
532:
530:
526:
523:
518:
514:
510:
506:
503:
499:
495:
490:
484:
482:
477:
475:
471:
467:
461:
459:
455:
451:
450:Ancient Greek
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
431:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
405:
403:
399:
395:
394:
389:
388:Gulf of Aqaba
385:
381:
380:Agatharchides
377:
372:
370:
366:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
346:Dur-Sharrukin
343:
339:
335:
334:
325:
323:
321:
317:
313:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
285:
282:
280:Today part of
278:
274:
270:
260:
246:
242:
239:
236:
232:
229:
226:
222:
219:
216:
212:
209:
206:
202:
198:
193:
188:
178:
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157:
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149:
145:
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137:
132:
126:
117:
113:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
79:
76:
72:
68:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
47:
40:
35:
34:Thamud, Yemen
30:
19:
5533:
5295:Banu Yashkur
4896:
4880:
4872:
4866:
4860:
4825:
4815:
4803:
4793:
4767:In Paradise
4757:
4747:
4737:
4727:
4721:
4711:
4695:
4692:(Plant stem)
4689:
4683:
4677:
4671:
4666:Plant matter
4653:
4647:
4639:
4633:
4627:
4621:
4530:
4501:
4497:
4465:
4429:Umm al-Kitāb
4427:
4414:
4401:Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā
4399:
4386:
4378:
4369:
4356:
4313:
4309:Ghadir Khumm
4293:('The Dawn')
4287:
4281:
4268:
4262:
4253:
4244:
4238:
4235:('The Noon')
4229:
4218:
4212:
4204:
4198:
4192:
4186:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4160:
4154:
4144:
4123:
4114:
4064:Days of Hajj
4052:
4049:(The Friday)
4043:
3995:
3953:
3940:
3908:Paradise of
3895:Jordan River
3890:Dār an-Nadwa
3889:
3871:
3833:
3828:Cave of Hira
3820:
3815:
3805:
3752:Masjid Qubāʾ
3751:
3733:
3723:
3715:
3701:
3689:
3681:
3655:Qaryat Yūnus
3654:
3644:
3634:
3594:
3584:
3570:
3561:Sinai Region
3543:Dam of Sheba
3538:
3526:
3511:
3501:
3492:
3477:
3459:
3437:
3425:
3417:
3387:
3382:
3372:
3355:
3342:
3329:
3247:
3225:
3216:Ahl al-Kitāb
3215:
3193:
3189:Zoroastrians
3185:
3180:disbelievers
3173:
3166:
3124:Banu Qurayza
3119:Banu Qaynuqa
3108:Ahl as-Suffa
3107:
3021:
3004:
2998:
2976:
2945:
2928:
2913:Sons of Adam
2868:
2844:
2836:
2827:
2801:
2795:Banī Isrāʾīl
2793:
2786:
2751:
2714:
2697:
2682:
2669:
2614:Luqman's son
2461:
2425:
2418:
2408:
2312:Luqman's son
2283:Martyred son
2175:Dhūl-Qarnain
2125:
2115:
2079:Perseverance
2071:
2049:ibn Ya‘qūb (
2039:Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt
2038:
2027:('He of the
2024:
1937:Dhabih Ullah
1793:
1788:
1782:
1763:
1751:
1733:
1721:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1688:
1667:Malakul-Mawt
1665:
1640:
1634:
1626:
1611:
1582:
1563:
1540:
1519:
1507:
1497:
1487:
1477:
1458:
1449:
1440:
1430:
1426:) of Solomon
1417:
1406:
1394:
1385:
1376:
1345:
1217:
1213:
1194:
1174:
1153:
1128:
1094:
1090:
1070:
1049:
1025:
1018:Hoyland 2001
1013:
1001:
989:
977:. Retrieved
968:
959:
930:
918:
906:
894:
882:
875:Hoyland 2001
870:
863:Hoyland 2001
858:
846:
834:
822:
810:
803:Hoyland 2001
783:
773:
766:
754:. Retrieved
750:
741:
729:
717:
705:
693:
681:
669:
657:
650:Hoyland 2001
645:
616:
600:
593:
573:
567:
565:
551:The Islamic
550:
534:
491:
488:
479:
463:
435:
428:
406:
391:
383:
373:
362:
353:
331:
329:
320:female camel
297:polytheistic
290:
284:Saudi Arabia
156:Mesopotamian
111:
109:
29:
5551:Arab tribes
5255:Abd al-Qays
4939:Arab tribes
4937:Historical
4742:Pomegranate
4642:(The Earth)
4535:golden calf
4108:Pilgrimages
3841:Hudaybiyyah
3756:Quba Mosque
3710:Prostration
3661:,' that is
3622:Mesopotamia
3611:Mount Tabor
3607:Mount Sinai
3589:Mount Sinai
3539:ʿArim Sabaʾ
3277:Polytheists
3027:Household')
3022:Ahl al-Bayt
2979:(People of
2977:Qawm Tubbaʿ
2923:Wife of Lut
2918:Wife of Nuh
2769:or families
2767:ethnicities
2488:Moses' wife
1971:ibn Dāwūd (
1753:ash-Shayṭān
1645:Holy Spirit
1471:Non-related
710:Eph'al 1982
698:Eph'al 1982
686:Eph'al 1982
674:Eph'al 1982
603:Banu Thaqif
513:milch camel
425:auxiliaries
148:auxiliaries
5564:Categories
5473:al-Samayda
5290:Taym Allah
5270:Banu Dhuhl
4636:(Planets)
4630:(The Moon)
4581:Of Quraysh
4456:Noah's Ark
4349:Holy books
4193:Al-Ghuduww
4187:Al-ʿAshiyy
4151:Invocation
4143:Times for
3994:Battle of
3985:Battles or
3577:(The Holy
3443:(formerly
3390:(Mainland
3200:Hypocrites
3147:People of
3114:Banu Nadir
3094:Implicitly
2936:Son of Nuh
2894:People of
2828:Ahl Madyan
2803:Muʾtafikāt
2723:Al-Raqaim?
2698:Ḥawāriyyūn
2580:Implied or
2525:(possibly
2455:Egyptians
2447:People of
2405:Egyptians
2226:(Jeremiah)
2126:Ibn Maryam
1879:(Ezekiel?)
1718:(Asmodeus)
1612:Muqarrabun
1348:(Generous)
1318:Non-humans
1306:Characters
1006:Sinai 2011
994:Sinai 2011
887:Retsö 2003
722:Retsö 2003
637:References
427:, and the
234:Government
218:Old Arabic
184:مملكة ثمود
168:Old Arabic
93:Old Arabic
69:al-Thamūdi
5137:Abd-Shams
5076:Banu Kanz
4982:Banu Asad
4830:Date palm
4820:Palm tree
4808:Lote-tree
4784:or plants
4728:Qith-thāʾ
4656:(The Sun)
4654:Ash-Shams
4615:Celestial
4508:False god
4444:or beings
4442:of people
4424:of David)
4366:of Jesus)
4199:Al-Bukrah
3962:in Sheba)
3740:of Mecca)
3697:Monastery
3675:locations
3673:Religious
3630:Al-Jūdiyy
3323:Mentioned
3317:Locations
3230:Christian
3210:Believers
3195:Munāfiqūn
3158:Religious
3096:mentioned
3009:Stoneland
2885:Muhajirun
2663:Mentioned
2565:Abū Lahab
2560:As-Sāmirī
2550:(Goliath)
2516:Evil ones
2430:Zulaykhah
2386:People of
2273:Good ones
2073:Ulul-ʿAzm
2061:Zechariah
2057:Zakariyyā
1877:Dhūl-Kifl
1830:Mentioned
1676:(Michael)
1565:Zabāniyah
1542:Malāʾikah
1514:Honey bee
1134:Routledge
1119:162185795
1053:, Brill,
979:22 August
935:Munt 2015
585:Nabataean
517:hamstring
442:al-Ruwāfa
421:Nabateans
402:Echinades
376:Classical
365:Nabonidus
342:Sargon II
316:hamstring
224:Religion
160:Classical
125:romanized
54:Ethnicity
5549:Part of
5456:Juhaynah
5334:Tha'laba
5314:Ghatafan
5096:Mustaliq
5086:Khath'am
5051:Al-Haram
4972:Banu Amr
4818:(Tender
4798:Tamarisk
4732:Cucumber
4650:(Stars)
4628:Al-Qamar
4593:Al-ʿUzzā
4440:Objects
4254:Qabl al-
4205:Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ
4068:Doomsday
3996:al-Aḥzāb
3686:(Church)
3419:Al-Aḥqāf
3357:Jahannam
3350:Paradise
2957:Bedouins
2752:Qawm Lūṭ
2594:Abu Bakr
2424:Wife of
2413:Potiphar
2396:Binyāmin
2116:Al-Masīḥ
2088:Muḥammad
2025:Dhūn-Nūn
1969:Sulaymān
1907:(Elijah)
1819:Prophets
1735:Shayāṭīn
1693:(Genies)
1521:Qaswarah
1502:Wild ass
1480:(Female
1478:ʿAnkabūt
1401:elephant
1234:41287978
625:See also
618:Thamudic
589:Ibn Saʿd
580:Muhammad
438:Safaitic
398:Diodorus
338:Assyrian
238:Monarchy
172:Thamudic
144:Assyrian
99:Religion
89:Thamudic
85:Language
74:Location
5525:Al Fadl
5498:Hanzala
5446:Balqayn
5419:Muharib
5395:Qushayr
5385:Khafaja
5348:Hawazin
5319:Dhubyan
5302:Taghlib
5285:Shayban
5245:Muzayna
5208:Madhhaj
5194:Khuthir
5132:Quraysh
5127:Jadhima
5091:Khuza'a
5056:Hudhayl
5012:Khazraj
4883:(Drink)
4869:(River)
4854:Liquids
4686:(Shoot)
4674:(Onion)
4634:Kawākib
4622:Maṣābīḥ
4567:Yaghūth
4303:Implied
4263:Al-Aṣīl
4213:Al-Layl
4097:Ramaḍān
4046:Jumuʿah
3910:Shaddad
3802:Arabia
3796:Antakya
3791:Antioch
3784:Implied
3728:Al-Aqsa
3663:Nineveh
3649:Babylon
3494:Ḥaraman
3464:(Hegra)
3461:Al-Ḥijr
3451:ʿArafāt
3445:Yathrib
3440:Madīnah
3270:Sabians
3206:Muslims
3175:Kāfirūn
3143:Khazraj
2994:Quraysh
2765:Tribes,
2687:Sabbath
2631:Shaddad
2604:Barṣīṣā
2537:Pharaoh
2533:Firʿawn
2230:Ṣamūʾīl
2217:Implied
2148:Abraham
2120:Messiah
1973:Solomon
1959:Shuʿayb
1931:Ishmael
1927:Ismāʿīl
1891:(Eber?)
1885:(Aaron)
1847:Al-Yasa
1784:Ghilmān
1660:Raphael
1656:Isrāfīl
1419:hud-hud
1369:Related
1362:Animals
1111:4150069
1040:Sources
561:Abraham
525:an-Naml
509:One God
502:prophet
417:Uranius
413:Ptolemy
358:Samaria
336:of the
309:prophet
244:History
204:Capital
127::
44:ثَمُوْد
5534:Thamud
5520:Jarrah
5510:Tanukh
5478:Sa'ida
5436:Bahra'
5431:Quda'a
5414:Bahila
5404:Sulaym
5358:Thaqif
5324:Fazara
5275:Hanifa
5260:Anizah
5250:Rabi'a
5233:Zubaid
5198:Lihyan
5154:Hashim
5142:Umayya
5118:Ghifar
5113:Damrah
5103:Kinana
5081:Kahlan
5071:Jurhum
5061:Judham
5046:Hamdan
5041:Bajila
5034:Zahran
4987:Ash'ar
4881:Sharāb
4841:Zaqqūm
4758:Zaytūn
4738:Rummān
4724:(Herb)
4716:Lentil
4705:Fruits
4698:(Seed)
4640:Al-Arḍ
4617:bodies
4588:Al-Lāt
4503:Ṭāghūt
4494:'Ansāb
4422:Psalms
4389:Tawrāt
4372:Qurʾān
4364:Gospel
4256:Ghurūb
4221:ʿIshāʾ
4180:Tasbīḥ
4174:Takbīr
4168:Taḥmīd
3960:Ma'rib
3880:Canaan
3867:'Ariha
3865:&
3706:Mosque
3702:Masjid
3691:Miḥrāb
3502:Kaʿbah
3496:Āminan
3488:Bakkah
3478:Makkah
3473:Ḥunayn
3405:In the
3377:Midian
3373:Madyan
3345:Jannah
3226:Naṣārā
3160:groups
3103:Amalek
2999:Thamūd
2787:Ar-Rūm
2747:Medina
2653:Groups
2623:Nimrod
2589:Abraha
2503:Sister
2498:Mother
2438:Mother
2400:Simeon
2388:Joseph
2369:Vizier
2359:Mother
2234:Samuel
2224:Irmiyā
2203:Gideon
2185:Maryam
2180:Luqmān
2097:Other
2051:Joseph
2000:Yaʿqūb
1911:ʿImrān
1851:Elisha
1789:Wildān
1776:Others
1740:Demons
1708:ʿIfrīt
1674:Mīkāil
1643:('The
1628:Ar-Rūḥ
1621:Jibrīl
1547:Angels
1482:spider
1442:namlah
1424:hoopoe
1378:baqara
1330:('The
1255:Thamud
1232:
1201:
1182:
1161:
1140:
1117:
1109:
1078:
1057:
975:. 2008
569:hadith
354:Annals
333:Annals
247:
120:ثَمُود
116:Arabic
112:Thamud
42:Thamud
18:Thamúd
5539:Yaman
5493:Tamim
5488:Shuja
5483:Shehr
5466:Salih
5426:Qedar
5409:Ghani
5390:Kilab
5378:Uqayl
5368:Hilal
5329:Murra
5240:Maqil
5228:Nukha
5203:Lakhm
5190:Kinda
5181:Zuhra
5166:Jumah
5159:Abbas
5066:Ju'fa
5029:Ghamd
5019:Bariq
5002:Ansar
4992:Aslam
4977:Anmar
4967:Amila
4897:Note:
4826:Nakhl
4816:Līnah
4762:Olive
4712:ʿAdas
4684:Shaṭʾ
4672:Baṣal
4648:Nujūm
4598:Manāt
4572:Yaʿūq
4557:Suwāʿ
4525:Baʿal
4420:(The
4417:Zabūr
4394:Torah
4392:(The
4362:(The
4359:Injīl
4342:Other
4247:Masāʾ
4162:Dhikr
4156:Ṣalāh
4146:Duʿāʾ
4126:Umrah
3902:River
3846:Ta'if
3808:Ḥijāz
3736:(The
3683:Bayʿa
3659:Jonah
3645:Bābil
3533:Sheba
3528:Sabaʾ
3506:Kaaba
3482:Mecca
3392:Egypt
3248:Yahūd
3186:Majūs
2981:Tubba
2952:Arabs
2947:Aʿrāb
2896:Mecca
2879:Anṣār
2847:Yūnus
2845:Qawm
2554:Qārūn
2548:Jālūt
2543:Hāmān
2527:Terah
2426:ʿAzīz
2419:Malik
2409:ʿAzīz
2338:Peter
2195:Ṭālūt
2138:Moses
2118:(The
2110:Jesus
2093:Aḥmad
2047:Yūsuf
2033:Whale
2019:Jonah
2015:Yūnus
2004:Jacob
1990:Yaḥyā
1980:Uzair
1963:Hobab
1954:Ṣāliḥ
1921:Isaac
1917:Isḥāq
1905:Ilyās
1899:Enoch
1895:Idrīs
1883:Hārūn
1871:David
1867:Dāwūd
1857:Ayyūb
1765:Mārid
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