212:
unrepresentative body. In 1957, TDT Banda called on the
Congress to ask the two MPs to withdraw. When they refused, in July 1957 they were expelled from the party. In September–October 1957, Congress leaders met government representative to discuss constitutional changes. Observers at this meetings said that TDT did not perform well. He lacked "intellectual clarity and depth" and was often confused. Shortly after, the government withdrew recognition of Congress as the official representatives of Africans. TDT Banda endorsed a strike by the Transport and Allied Workers Union. He was the first to mobilize youth to spread awareness of the NAC as "Kwacha builders".
232:. Chester Katsonga's house was burned down by members of the League of Malawi Youth; Gilbert Pondeponde was murdered by members of the same group; the Malawi Congress Party, successor to the NAC, through such intimidation as well as widespread popular support, won the 1962 elections overwhelmingly, and TDT Banda and other members of the old guard of the Congress faded into oblivion and were rarely heard of again.
219:(not a relative) and asked him to return to Nyasaland to lead the nationalist movement. In July 1958, Hastings Banda did return. TDT had been forced to resign on charges of misappropriating funds, and Hastings Banda was elected President of the NAC in his place. TDT had failed to satisfy either the radicals or the conservative old guard in his party. Later Hastings Banda was arrested and the NAC banned.
147:, and inaugurated in October 1944 with Mumba as President. Sangala, Mumba and their associates had a vision of the NAC becoming "the mouthpiece of the Africans", cooperating with the government and other colonial bodies "in any matters necessary to speed up the progress of Nyasaland". By the mid-1950s, African leaders in European colonies throughout Africa were encouraged by the example of
211:
in 1953, an unpopular measure with
Congress leaders, and had allocated two seats in the federal parliament for African MPs from Nyasaland. Sangala had accepted the decision of two Congress members to take these seats against opposition from members of the Congress who opposed participation in such an
227:
In March 1961, TDT Banda formed the
Congress Liberation Party (CLP) along with Chester Katsonga, who had founded the Christian Democratic Party in October 1960. Other moderates, including Gilbert Pondeponde, David Mukumphi Chirwa and N. D. Kwenje, also joined this party as well as all the members of
159:
TDT Banda had sought to stand for a seat in the
Legislative Council (LegCo) in March 1956 when the constitution was amended to allow five instead of three seats to Africans, but the NAC nominated Nephas Kwenje in his place. Possibly as a consolation, he was instead elected Secretary-General of the
198:
Sangala was not an accomplished public speaker, while TDT was in his element at rallies. According to Henry
Chipembere, his "habit of yelling and performing acrobatics on the platform earned him the nickname wakufuntha (the insane one)". In January 1957, activists persuaded the veteran Sangala to
160:
Congress on 30 March 1956. Sangala, now
President of the Congress, and TDT Banda were arrested by the colonial authorities and tried for sedition in May 1956. The charges related to a "seditious publication" handed by Banda to the editor of the
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The rise of nationalism in
Central Africa: the making of Malawi and Zambia, 1873-1964
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Women's League after 1958. The women were arrested after demonstrating, chanting:
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125:
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TDT Banda attended the celebrations in Ghana in March 1957, where he met Dr.
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before returning to
Nyasaland, when he joined the Nkhata Bay branch of NAC.
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151:'s independence to take a more aggressive stand in seeking independence.
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in around 1910. He had spent most if not all of the 1940s abroad in
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in the years prior to independence. He was
President-General of the
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544:
524:
Revolt of the ministers: the Malawi cabinet crisis, 1964–1965
503:
Retreat from Empire: Sir Robert Armitage in Africa and Cyprus
168:. A delegation of women traveled by bus to the High Court in
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Colonialism to cabinet crisis: a political history of Malawi
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Political culture and nationalism in Malawi: building Kwacha
176:, the Treasurer of the NAC and later the organizer of the
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We don't want, we don't want, we don't want federation.
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164:. The charge was the subject of a question in the
139:The Nyasaland African Congress was organized by
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199:step down and replaced him by the younger TDT.
546:. Christian Literature Association of Malawi.
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228:the Nkata Bay branch of the NAC, including
33:President of the Nyasaland African Congress
542:Chipembere, Henry Blasius Masauko (2001).
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599:Aid and dependence: British aid to Malawi
207:The colonial authorities had created the
108:(NAC) from 1957 to 1958, and founded the
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697:Nyasaland African Congress politicians
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667:. Harvard University Press. p.
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209:Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
591:. Nyasaland: Commons. 17 May 1956.
564:Fearless fighter: an autobiography
14:
44:January 1957 – July 1958
561:Chirwa, Vera Mlangazuwa (2007).
588:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
623:. University Rochester Press.
1:
644:. African Books Collective.
100:("TDT") was a politician in
659:Rotberg, Robert I. (1965).
583:"Mr. Banda and Mr. Sangala"
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106:Nyasaland African Congress
98:Thamar Dillon Thomas Banda
23:Thamar Dillon Thomas Banda
188:We are going to have war.
110:Congress Liberation Party
91:
72:
37:
28:
638:Ross, Andrew C. (2009).
602:. Taylor & Francis.
596:Morton, Kathryn (1975).
500:Baker, Colin A. (1998).
462:, pp. 271, note 43.
166:British House of Commons
192:We want freedom today!"
141:James Frederick Sangala
55:James Frederick Sangala
521:Baker, Colin (2001).
186:"War! War! War today!
178:Malawi Congress Party
155:NAC Secretary-General
617:Power, Joey (2010).
361:Hansard 17 May 1956
16:Malawian politician
651:978-99908-87-75-4
630:978-1-58046-310-2
574:978-1-84277-966-8
145:Levi Zililo Mumba
134:Southern Rhodesia
128:on the shores of
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527:. I.B.Tauris.
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223:Later career
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62:Succeeded by
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436:Morton 1975
424:Chirwa 2007
82:Nationality
50:Preceded by
484:Baker 2001
472:Power 2010
460:Power 2010
448:Power 2010
412:Power 2010
400:Power 2010
388:Power 2010
376:Power 2010
349:Power 2010
334:Power 2010
269:Power 2010
248:Baker 1998
236:References
130:Lake Nyasa
126:Nkhata Bay
116:Background
281:Ross 2009
112:in 1959.
102:Nyasaland
40:In office
691:Category
124:born in
86:Malawian
493:Sources
172:led by
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170:Zomba
149:Ghana
122:Tonga
673:ISBN
646:ISBN
625:ISBN
604:ISBN
569:ISBN
548:ISBN
529:ISBN
508:ISBN
143:and
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