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spear was considered particularly courageous. The duel itself was not necessarily to the death and usually ended once first blood has been drawn. However, the victor was expected to behead the loser. Either before the duel or before the beheading, the fighters would share the meals and wine prepared by their wives. If it had been so requested beforehand, the loser's body may be cremated. Heads were taken as trophies, as was custom among the headhunters of northeast India. Taboos existed such as not killing an opponent who runs, begs or cries out of fear, or anyone who pleads for protection.
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In recent years huyen langlon has been promoted as a sport all over India and as a self-defence tactical subject. Competitions are held yearly at school, district, state and national level. The promotion of huyen langlon as a sport helped in the cause of its promotion and spread from
Manipur to the
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in particular have practiced headhunting in living memory. Nevertheless, modernization and adoption of
Christianity killed off much of the native culture, particularly after the second World War. The meditative practices of huyen langlon were nearly lost before India achieved independence. Today it
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system, making it the duty of every male above 16 to serve the state for 10 in 40 days. Therefore each person served the state some 90 days in a year, with martial arts as part of their training. Thus
Manipur had no true standing army and relied on its individual warriors for protection. Pamheiba's
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All that can be gleaned of huyen langlon's ancient history comes from hymns and legends. Folklore links the creation of huyen langlon and its related dances with the native animist gods. Manipur was a valley protected from neighbouring Hindu, Burmese and
Chinese kingdoms by hills. The valley people
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details the ethics of duelling. The fights took place under strict rules of conduct and to violate them was shameful and sinful. When a fighter is challenged, the day for the bout is fixed to allow for time to prepare the weapons. Allowing the opponent the first chance to fire an arrow or hurl a
430:, training begins with stepping patterns and then basic sword strikes. The main sword stance is the lion posture, in which the body leans forward with one leg stretched back and the other bent forward. The feet are about shoulder-width apart and form a 45-degree angle. This stance emphasises
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can be practiced in three ways: ritual, demonstration, and combat. The first way is related to tantric practices and is entirely ritualistic in nature. The second way consists of a spectacular performance involving sword and spear dances. These routines can be converted into actual fighting
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386:. Conflict with the Burmese continued through the 18th and 19th centuries, culminating in the Chahi-Taret Khuntakpa or Seven Years Devastation. As muskets were not widely available, swords and spears remained the primary weapons of both the Burmese and Meitei armies.
524:(shield) measuring one feet in diameter. One match consists of two three-minute rounds with one minute of rest in between. One central referee, six scorers, one time keeper and either one or two chief judges are assigned for one match. The other form of sparring,
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From 1891 to 1947 British colonists prohibited martial arts, the possession of weapons, duels to the death, and other violent customs among India's indigenous populations. The ban was somewhat difficult to enforce due to the region's isolation. The neighbouring
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The earliest written record of huyen langlon come from the Puya or written records handed down to posterity by the forefathers of the
Meiteis, which record the history of the Manipur royalty in archaic Meitei script. The
222:(spear). The spear can be used in its non-missile form while up close, or thrown from afar. Other weapons include the shield and the axe. Unarmed combat incorporates hand strikes, kicks, and grappling (
845:... Gurumayum Gourakishore Sharma, who is well-known for his invaluable contribution in the field of thang-ta, the traditional martial art, has been conferred the prestigious Padmashri award ...
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or a coil, enabling a springing action. At higher levels, exponents slice pieces of watermelons on a person's body without causing any injury. This is eventually done blindfolded.
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863:... Guru G. Gourakishor Sharma was recently conferred the coveted Padamshree award for 2008-2009 to honour his lifetime contribution to Manipuri Martial Art, Thang-Ta ...
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emulating the expanse of the ground. Generally speaking, the spear demands more of the lower body while the sword uses more of the upper body. Bare-handed techniques (
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279:(spear dance). Many ritualistic dances in Manipur were traditionally performed by martial artists such as the spear dance for funerals or the sacred
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Until this point, most of the fighters were commoners who also served as warriors. Loiyamba
Shinyen (1074-1122 AD) introduced an armed force or
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whole of India, particularly Jammu and
Kashmir. Manipur and Jammu & Kashmir are the strongest contenders at the national level. In 2009
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dance. The sword movements in dance are meant to either symbolize protection or to ward off evil spirits. As a result, it is part of the
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The biggest training school is the Huyen
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martial arts, practiced by men and women. It is most often seen through demonstrations in cultural programs.
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Spear technique is considered more difficult and is taught after the sword. The spear emphasizes
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Meidingu
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Thang-Ta shares a connection with certain war-dances, often blurring the line between dance and
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Sparring matches are conducted in a 30-foot circular arena. There are two methods of sparring:
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https://www.esamskriti.com/essays/pdf/14-dec-manipuri-dance-a-journey.pdf
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for his contributions to the preservation and advancement of the art.
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and the
Burmese kingdom of Awa, expanding Meitei rule as far as
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development of the military paid off. His warriors fought
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practices. The third way is the true combat application.
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825:"Manipur martial art guru gets Padmashri"
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449:to simulate the expanse of the sky and
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891:THE MARTIAL ARTS TRADITION OF MANIPUR
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536:simulate swords are referred to as
27:Traditional Meitei martial art form
715:Chowdhurie, Tapati (13 May 2016).
702:"Thang Ta: Martial Art of Manipur"
25:
831:, 28 January 2009, archived from
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679:Thang Ta - the martial art dance
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200:can mean net, knowledge or art.
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52:, you may see errors in display.
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518:(cudgel) paired with a leather
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206:consists of two main subforms:
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242:is closely related to Burmese
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879:Thang-Ta from ManipurPage.com
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654:World Silambam Association
485:), and the sacred dances (
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473:), traditional medicine (
362:Shingchep Meira Haijouroi
884:30 November 2022 at the
771:www.thesangaiexpress.com
287:Manipuri classical dance
810:7 November 2007 at the
395:is the most popular of
253:The Thang-Ta aspect of
170:form. It is one of the
132:Nongda Lairen Pakhangba
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42:This article contains
896:Martial Arts in India
739:26 April 2022 at the
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835:on 28 September 2011
690:India-north-east.com
684:22 June 2013 at the
1285:Indian martial arts
1266:Martial arts portal
932:Indian martial arts
560:Martial arts portal
542:(clash of cheibi).
428:Indian martial arts
336:Sarang Leishangthem
210:(armed combat) and
174:, originating from
172:Indian martial arts
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44:the Meitei alphabet
791:History of Manipur
717:"Gem of a journey"
273:(sword dance) and
165:traditional Meitei
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861:, 24 April 2009,
413:Indian Government
310:. These were the
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63:Also known as
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1250:Paika akhada
1194:Shareeravadi
1069:Ayudha katti
1048:Vajra-mushti
1023:Musti-yuddha
1013:Mardani khel
1003:Malla-yuddha
968:Gatta gusthi
940:Martial arts
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858:
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837:, retrieved
833:the original
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814:Manipur Page
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774:. Retrieved
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98:Huyen Lanlon
92:Huyen Lallon
89:Huyen Lalong
74:Huiyen Lalon
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1179:Pichangatti
1008:Mallakhamba
993:Lathi khela
649:Varma kalai
579:Bataireacht
509:phunaba ama
497:phunaba ama
458:sarit sarak
392:Naga people
212:Sarit Sarak
168:martial art
95:Huyen Lalon
1300:War dances
1279:Categories
1235:Ankathattu
776:28 October
666:References
488:thengouron
426:As in all
409:Padma Shri
267:, such as
1174:Pesh-kabz
1129:Khaṭvāṅga
1074:Bagh nakh
721:The Hindu
569:Angampora
482:hirikonba
276:Khousarol
178:. In the
1240:Chekavar
1038:Silambam
1028:Pehlwani
998:Malakhra
958:Aki Kiti
953:Adimurai
882:Archived
808:Archived
737:Archived
682:Archived
644:Thang-ta
629:Silambam
609:Kenjutsu
546:See also
446:nongphan
422:Training
208:Thang-Ta
156:Thang-ta
18:Thang-ta
1199:Shuckra
1184:Saintie
1104:Firangi
1089:Chakram
1079:Bichuwa
1057:Weapons
983:Kabaddi
839:24 July
594:Jūkendō
584:Bōjutsu
574:Banshay
521:chungoi
452:leiphal
380:Tripura
328:Moirang
312:Mangang
293:History
282:Thenkou
248:banshay
234:Myanmar
230:Manipur
197:Lanlong
191:Lallong
176:Manipur
128:Creator
1245:Kalari
1225:Akhara
1204:Talwar
1189:Savuku
1159:Mudgar
1154:Moplah
1144:Maduvu
1134:Kirpan
1124:Khanda
1094:Chentu
1064:Aruval
639:Tahtib
533:cheibi
515:cheibi
440:phanba
432:phidup
397:Meitei
384:Cachar
374:lallup
357:lallup
320:Khuman
316:Luwang
185:Huiyen
1230:Ankam
1209:Urumi
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1018:Mukna
963:Gatka
659:Bando
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324:Angom
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122:India
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1043:Sqay
841:2009
778:2020
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334:and
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