140:) under their command. Unlike in European aristocracies, Thai noble titles were not inherited, but individually granted by the king or his ministers based on personal merit. Noble families could, however, present their sons to the royal household, placing them at an advantage to succeeding in those positions. This practice became especially influential from the 17th century, when war subsided and commerce flourished, leading personal patronage to displace martial ability as the determining factor for promotions. Several noble families gained much power and influence during the late Ayutthaya period, and even more so during early Rattanakosin; some, such as the
855:
78:
noble titles comprise a rank and a title, which denote the holder's post or office. Unlike in
European aristocracies, Thai noble titles were not inherited, but individually granted based on personal merit. Nevertheless, familial influence was substantial, and some families were able to accumulate
231:
Most major titles were tied to the post, and shared by successive holders, while others could be created specifically for a singular person by the King. The latter was the case especially from the late 19th century, as the proliferation of officials necessitated the creation of a large number of
151:(Rama V, r. 1868–1910) introduced reforms that ended the system that allowed nobles to command manpower, and transformed titled nobles into paid officials under a modern civil service system. His successor
235:
Nobles would be known almost exclusively by their current title. Historical references to holders of shared titles conventionally include the person's birth name in parentheses, e.g.
155:(Rama VI, r. 1910–1925) introduced a military-style promotion-based rank system, superseding the traditional titles, though they could still be granted at the king's discretion.
553:
Governorships were major noble positions, with several types of posts depending on the importance of the city. Each city had its associated noble title, e.g.
758:
69:
99:
of
Ayutthaya, which by then had become the dominant polity in the region. The reforms established official titles for high-ranking ministers of the
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798:
134:
Nobles were not directly remunerated for their service, but enjoyed earnings and benefits derived from their office and the work of commoners (
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government two years later, allowing previously held titles to be reinstated, the granting of noble titles never resumed after 1932.
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system, which assigned a numeral rank representing the amount of land one was entitled to own, was also officially described.
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in 1942 abolished the use of noble titles and the rank system. While the decree abolishing titles was repealed by the
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during
Thonburi, and in Rattanakosin individualized titles were granted to each appointee. According to the
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was the title associated with the post. The titleholder would also have received a numerical rank under the
68:
ended the system around the end of the 19th century, though noble titles continued to be granted until the
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1324:
1146:
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95:, the earliest extensive descriptions are from the administrative reforms introduced in 1448 by King
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Following the abolition of absolute monarchy in 1932, royal decrees issued during the government of
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52:. They formed part of a hierarchical social system which developed from the time of the
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While the use of noble rank and title words are found in the documents of many early
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515:. By the Rattanakosin period, the head of the Krom Mueang or Nakhonban were titled
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were further introduced during the mid- and late-16th century, respectively.) The
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large amounts of wealth and power, especially during the 17th to 19th centuries.
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Khunnāng Sayām : prawattisāt "khārātchakān" thahān læ phonrư̄an
1475:
305:
205:
193:
181:
136:
712:
1447:
975:
541:. The heads of Krom Na or Kasettrathikan had the rank and title
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533:. Most heads of the Krom Phra Khlang took the rank and title
511:
Four ministers headed the four government departments of the
442:. During the Ayutthaya period, office-holders took the title
687:] (in Thai) (3rd printing ed.). Bangkok: Matichon.
615:
A History of
Ayutthaya : Siam in the Early Modern World
210:). For example, Chaophraya Chakri was the full title of the
681:ขุนนางสยาม : ประวัติศาสตร์ "ข้าราชการ" ทหารและพลเรือน
537:, while during Ayutthaya period the title was also called
265:); particularly esteemed individuals were referred to as
721:(online)] (in Thai). Office of the Royal Society
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144:, effectively became as powerful as the monarchy.
34:was a social class comprising titled officials (
492:of 10,000. Most of office-holders were titled
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198:), which denote the holder's post or office (
8:
636:
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426:Some of the noble posts and titles include:
303:), probably from the equivalent Khmer term
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866:
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641:Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2005).
613:Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017).
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220:was the highest rank of the nobility, and
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216:, one of the king's two chief ministers.
64:(1782 onwards) periods. Reforms by King
600:
525:. The head of the Krom Wang was titled
714:พจนานุกรมฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสถาน (ออนไลน์)
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246:The ranks, in descending order, are:
7:
239:, who was chief minister under King
496:well into the Rattanakosin period.
174:Thai noble titles comprise a rank (
56:(14th century – 1767), through the
27:Historical social class in Thailand
25:
287:); historically also appeared as
109:was added to the previously used
853:
521:, with most having the rank of
269:and were appointed by the king.
645:. Cambridge University Press.
617:. Cambridge University Press.
70:abolition of absolute monarchy
1:
450:. The rank was increased to
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719:Royal Institute Dictionary
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529:after the department, or
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262:[tɕâ(ː)wpʰrā.jāː]
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188:
176:
45:
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237:Chao Phraya Chakri (Mut)
105:system, and the rank of
777:(*) : state where
535:Chaophraya Phra Khlang
531:Thammathikoranathibodi
91:city states including
60:(1767–1782) and early
643:A History of Thailand
543:Chaophraya Phonlathep
500:List of samuhakalahom
160:Plaek Phibunsongkhram
1535:Rattanakosin Kingdom
48:) in the service of
839:South Africa (Zulu)
679:S. Plainoi (2016).
494:Chaophraya Mahasena
470:List of samuhanayok
446:, with the rank of
300:[ʔɔ̀ːk.jāː]
284:[pʰrā.jāː]
97:Borommatrailokanat
1525:Ayutthaya Kingdom
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1320:Baltic countries
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1111:
922:
921:
488:, the post had a
267:somdet chaophraya
54:Ayutthaya Kingdom
16:(Redirected from
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1530:Thonburi Kingdom
1466:Marshall Islands
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1292:Central, Eastern
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480:was head of the
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422:Posts and titles
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164:Khuang Aphaiwong
47:
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18:Thai noble title
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456:Three Seals Law
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430:Chief ministers
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378:[mɯ̀ːn]
324:[pʰráʔ]
195:ratchathinnanam
186:) and a title (
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1520:Thai nobility
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886:pre-Columbian
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709:Royal Society
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478:samuhakalahom
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149:Chulalongkorn
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66:Chulalongkorn
63:
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33:
32:Thai nobility
19:
1325:Ritterschaft
1323:
1294:and Caucasus
1097:
1003:
981:
974:
781:still exists
723:. Retrieved
703:
684:
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578:
571:Wichitphakdi
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563:Surinluechai
562:
554:
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542:
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527:Thammathikon
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170:Noble titles
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135:
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110:
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100:
86:
74:
62:Rattanakosin
50:the monarchy
36:
35:
31:
29:
1421:Australasia
1197:Switzerland
1093:Philippines
1049:Indonesia*
585:Phra Tabong
580:Aphaiphubet
567:Phetchaburi
559:Phitsanulok
539:Kosathibodi
486:samuhanayok
484:. Like the
466:of 10,000.
460:samuhanayok
436:samuhanayok
213:samuhanayok
177:บรรดาศักดิ์
1514:Categories
1458:Micronesia
1363:Montenegro
1311:Azerbaijan
829:Madagascar
595:References
589:Battambang
523:chaophraya
513:chatusadom
452:chaophraya
251:Chaophraya
218:Chaophraya
153:Vajiravudh
102:chatusadom
1476:Polynesia
1440:Melanesia
1429:Australia
1391:Ruthenian
1331:Lithuania
1043:Southeast
770:by nation
549:Governors
507:Ministers
440:Mahatthai
256:เจ้าพระยา
189:ราชทินนาม
93:Sukhothai
72:in 1932.
1387:Ukraine
1277:Portugal
1261:Holy See
1222:Ireland
1213:Scotland
1098:Thailand
1087:Cambodia
1075:Malaysia
1063:Javanese
1053:Balinese
999:Nobility
967:Mongolia
863:Americas
812:Ethiopia
806:Eswatini
779:monarchy
768:Nobility
725:11 April
591:), etc.
518:Yommarat
232:titles.
228:system.
207:tamnaeng
183:bandasak
58:Thonburi
37:khunnang
1495:Hawai‘i
1412:Oceania
1396:Galicia
1373:Romania
1358:Hungary
1353:Germany
1348:Georgia
1343:Bohemia
1338:Croatia
1316:Austria
1306:Armenia
1301:Albania
1231:Ireland
1208:England
1179:Kingdom
1175:France
1170:Belgium
1142:Iceland
1137:Finland
1131:Denmark
1104:Vietnam
1058:Chinese
1027:Princes
1005:Yangban
971:Japan*
941:Lebanon
882:Mexico
844:Morocco
834:Somalia
817:Nigeria
799:Mamluks
490:sakdina
482:Kalahom
464:sakdina
226:sakdina
201:ตำแหน่ง
142:Bunnags
128:sakdina
83:History
1383:Serbia
1378:Russia
1368:Poland
1236:Norman
1226:Gaelic
1184:Empire
1153:Sweden
1147:Norway
1117:Europe
1081:Brunei
1023:India
995:Korea
983:Daimyō
946:Turkey
914:Brazil
877:Canada
822:Rulers
787:Africa
691:
649:
621:
575:Chaiya
555:Surasi
462:had a
458:, the
448:phraya
444:Chakri
273:Phraya
241:Taksin
222:Chakri
46:ขุนนาง
1489:Tonga
1282:Spain
1272:Malta
1267:Italy
1254:South
1124:North
1068:Malay
1017:South
989:Meiji
962:China
907:South
870:North
794:Egypt
717:[
683:[
372:หมื่น
331:Luang
306:oknha
294:ออกญา
278:พระยา
147:King
137:phrai
119:luang
1448:Fiji
1163:West
976:Kuge
955:East
934:West
927:Asia
898:Cuba
727:2024
689:ISBN
647:ISBN
619:ISBN
583:for
573:for
565:for
557:for
476:The
434:The
385:Phan
367:Muen
349:Khun
336:หลวง
313:Phra
289:okya
123:okya
121:and
113:and
111:khun
107:phra
76:Thai
42:Thai
30:The
408:นาย
403:Nai
390:พัน
354:ขุน
318:พระ
115:nai
89:Tai
1516::
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