505:) as nuclear strikes would destroy both sides at the same time. The story takes an anti-Cold War stance as it is suggested that the nuclear war between the two planets Atrios and Zeos is a pointless struggle that has caused the deaths of millions for nothing, which implies that Cold War is a struggle that endangers all life on earth for no good reason. The original script made the pacifistic message more clear as the nuclear war between the two planets was caused by misunderstandings in turn caused by a disastrous shift in the orbits of both Zeos and Atrios while the Shadow was more taking advantage of an existing conflict instead of causing it in the final version. The villainous character of the crazed militarist, the Marshal of Atrios, with his endless calls for victory no matter what the cost in human life, was based upon
538:, the incoming script editor, suggested the idea of making Astra into the sixth segment of the Key to Time as a way to raise the stakes for the audience, saying that having the shadow of the Shadow being the sixth segment as written in the original version of the script was not engaging enough for the audience. To save money on the production, it was decided to eliminate the characters on Zeos which required fewer actors and make Zeos run by the computer Mentalis. In his 1960 book
879:
which undercut the pacifistic message. Booker noted that there was a contradiction between the serial's anti-war message along with its depiction of villains such as the Shadow who proudly self-identify as evil and who need to be resisted at all costs to allow good to prevail. Booker further criticized the confusing ending, which suggests that the White
Guardian who sent the Doctor on his quest to find the Key to Time in
607:, arguing that he played the Doctor for too long and he found him a difficult actor to work with. The BBC executives were able to negotiate a truce between Williams and Baker who both agreed to return for another season, but relations between the star and the producer remained tense. The model scenes featuring toy spaceships were shot on 27 October 1978 at the BBC Television Film Studios in
436:
for the
Segment. The Doctor transmats to Zeos, genuinely this time, reuniting with Romana, an Atrion officer, and K9. They all find that Zeos is deserted, its inhabitants possibly already annihilated, save for the giant supercomputer Mentalis, which is controlling the outcome of the war. K9 is able to communicate with it, and Mentalis declares the war over.
456:. They return to Zeos, and, with the false Key segment and the time loop both expired, narrowly deactivate Mentalis' self-destruct, but the Doctor also realises that the Marshal is still en-route. He quickly erects a shield around Zeos with the TARDIS, to deflect the Marshal's missiles towards the Planet of Evil, destroying it and killing the Shadow.
468:
in disguise, and orders the Key to re-disperse, restoring Astra to life. Enraged, the Black
Guardian threatens to kill him. In an attempt to evade him, the Doctor fits a randomiser into the TARDIS guidance system, sending it to an unknown location in time and space, leaving the Doctor with no idea of
533:
The original script called for both Zeos and Atrios to be populated with the villain known as the Shadow manipulating both sides while the character that became
Princess Astra was the scientist Reina who been kidnapped by the Shadow years before. During the course of rewrites, the character of Renia
439:
However, the
Marshal seeks victory through his opponent's annihilation, and launches a single flagship offence to the planet. Mentalis detects the launch, and, unable to defend itself after surrendering, begins a self-destruct sequence set to destroy both Zeos and Atrios. The Doctor attempts to stop
602:
fought with
Williams over the direction that the show was going. Baker wanted veto power over the scripts, directors and casting for the other actors, demands that Williams rejected. Baker submitted his resignation during the production, but agreed to rescind his resignation after several meetings
435:
The Doctor is abducted during an attempt to transmaterialise/transmat (teleport) to Zeos, and meets with the true opponent, the "Shadow", ruling over a space station called the "Planet of Evil". However, as part of the Shadow's stratagem, he releases the Doctor, hoping he will misstep in his search
422:
The planet Atrios, ruled by
Princess Astra, is losing a nuclear war with their neighbouring planet Zeos. Astra, on a tour to rally the injured troops within their safety bunker, is beguiled into seeking safety in a false shelter. Soon after, while searching for the Key to Time's final segment, the
878:
was notably confused in its message as the serial has a strong anti-militarist message with its portrayal of nuclear war that has killed everyone on Zeos and killed nearly everyone on Atrios while at the same time portraying the universe as caught up in a
Manichean struggle between evil vs. good,
548:
wrote of a hypothetical
Doomsday Machine, which he described as a computer controlling a stockpile of hydrogen bombs powerful enough to destroy all life on Earth that would be set off at the first sign of any nuclear attack from another nation or if there was an attempt to disarm it. The Doomsday
431:
arrive, encountering Astra before she is suddenly abducted. After some initial false accusations from the leading bull-headed military
Marshal, the Doctor agrees to help his increasingly weak efforts against Zeos. The Doctor and Romana discover that there is another factor in the war, when Romana
443:
Meanwhile, K9 is abducted by the Shadow and fitted with another control device. The Doctor's group reunites with Astra, seemingly escaped but actually made a pawn of the Shadow as well. With Astra's help, the Doctor pilots the TARDIS back to the Planet of Evil. There, they are all separated. The
574:
rewrote the character of Drax to make him into a bumbling Cockney comic sidekick who was portrayed as the "lovable rogue" archetype commonly associated with British criminals. In British culture, there are broadly two archetypes associated with criminals, namely the "hard man" and the "lovable
451:
The Mute returns to the Shadow with the Key, and Romana realises why the Shadow needs it: Astra herself is the final segment, and from the Key's power, she transforms in front of everyone. The Doctor and Drax smuggle themselves into the Shadow's lair inside of K9, who pretends to be under the
448:, and demands the Key to Time, threatening to torture Romana. The Doctor leads a servant of the Shadow, known as a Mute, to his TARDIS and opens the door, but Drax misinterprets the Doctor's plan, and shrinks the Doctor and himself, using a dimensional stabiliser from Drax's own TARDIS.
859:
was "entertaining enough in itself, with some good direction by Michael Hayes and generally fine production values, but ultimately fails to tie up all the loose ends and leaves the over-arching plot strangely unresolved". They praised the Shadow but felt that the other characters were
440:
it, but it damages its central control after its perimeter defence is triggered. With a lack of options, the Doctor fashions an artificial stopgap Segment, and orders the Key to Time to shroud the Marshal's ship and Mentalis' systems in an imperfect deteriorating time loop.
463:
appears on the TARDIS scanner screen to congratulate the Doctor on finding and assembling the Key to Time, and requests that it be sent to him. However, the Doctor, catching onto the Guardian's blatant disregard for Astra's sacrifice, realises that it is actually the
444:
Doctor encounters another Time Lord, Drax, whom he last met at the Gallifreyan Academy. Drax, who is under duress, was employed by The Shadow to build Mentalis, but he agrees to help the Doctor, and also frees K9. The Shadow reveals he is an agent of the
575:
rogue". The original ending written by Baker and Martin called for the Doctor to break up the Key to Time, and Adams changed the ending with the confrontation with the Black Guardian to provide a more dramatic climax. Adams provided the title of
432:
notices a control device attached to the Marshal's neck, the Doctor deduces there is another planetary object between Atrios and Zeos, and a skull-shaped receiver is found behind a mirror that the Marshal seemingly uses to meditate with.
513:
has a strong critique of militarism as the Doctor says upon seeing the computer Mentalis "that's the way these military minds work", which he labels "the Armageddon factor". The underground base on Atrios was based upon the underground
389:
The serial is set on the planets Atrios and Zeos, and another planet in between them. In the serial, a nuclear war between Atrios and Zeos is nearing its end, but with Atrios losing. At the same time, the Shadow
452:
Shadow's control. Drax again uses the stabiliser to normalise themselves. In the confusion, The Doctor snatches the partially-assembled Key and the final segment, and escapes with Romana, Drax, and K9 into the
2837:
924:
box set was released in Region 2 in the United Kingdom on 24 September 2007. It contains more extras than the previously released US set. This remastered set was released in Region 1 on March 3, 2009.
866:
stated that the serial "hugely disappoints, yet it's not an unmitigated disaster". He criticised the characterisation and much of the plot, but praised the direction and the Shadow. On the other hand,
645:) that she would leave the programme, but Williams did not believe, even at the very end of the season, that she would really leave. In a 2007 interview, she stated that she was willing to shoot a
2827:
883:
had been the Black Guardian in disguise all the long and that the Doctor "negated" the whole point of his quest by promptly breaking up the Key to Time once he had assembled it.
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that featured computers threatening to plunge the world into a nuclear holocaust. The computer Mentalis seems to have been based upon Kahn's hypothetical Doomsday Machine.
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870:'s Justin Felix gave the serial four out of five stars, saying that it "packs more of a wallop than the previous two stories" and had everything typical of
347:
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despite Williams wanting Tamm to stay on for another season. In her own version of events, Tamm said she had already decided by the third or fourth story (
509:. The story seems to imply that the sort of leadership provided by Churchill in World War Two was inappropriate for the Cold War given the threat of MAD.
1325:
2832:
2523:
1149:'s death dates the interview to 20-24 April 2011. At minute 11:40, Tamm recalls she made her decision after only 12 episodes (so at the completion of
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was submitted to Williams on 19 December 1977. The mutually destructive nuclear war between Zeos and Atrios was based upon and was a criticism of the
2365:
534:
was renamed Astra, was made a princess instead of a scientist, and was given a more promient role in the plot as compared to the original version.
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to be cast instead. Dyall was cast as the Black Guardian because he was an actor associated with villainous roles in horror films and TV shows.
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between the Soviet Union and the United States. The Cold War always had threat of escalating into a Third World War which would ensure MAD (
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had become unhappy with playing Romana as she argued that her character did not do very much except being captured and decided to leave
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1153:, "So after I dunno, three or four stories, you know, 12 episodes, I realised it wasn't really get going anywhere, the character."
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1804:
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611:. The scenes that featured the actors were shot between 5 November-5 December 1978 at the BBC Television Centre Studio 3 in
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843:(1995), describing it as "a dreary end-of-season Oh-my-God-the-money's-run-out 'spectacular'" without subtle acting. In
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who wanted writers whom he could trust to write the season finale on time. The first draft of the script that became
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that had been built in the late 1950s as the location for the British government to operate from if
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874:. Felix also called it Mary Tamm's best performance. The American critic Keith Booker wrote that
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Machine that Kahn had described inspired the Doomsday Machine depicted in the popular 1964 film
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sequence to allow a smooth transition between her tenure and that of her eventual successor (
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1389:
Jenks, Chris; Lorentzen, Justin (2004). "The Kray Fascination". In Chris Jenks (ed.).
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and Baker that was to end with their marriage in 1980 began during the production of
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633:, and, according to one source, announced her decision shortly after completion of
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1391:
Urban Culture Critical Critical Concepts in Literary and Cultural Studies Volume 4
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one-dimensional, and called the ending a "cop-out". In 2011, Patrick Mulkern of
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with BBC executives. Williams had wanted to fire Baker during the production of
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89:
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Calling Dr. Strangelove The Anatomy and Influence of the Kubrick Masterpiece
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56:
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box set in 2002, only available in Region 1. A remastered limited edition
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was destroyed by a Soviet nuclear strike in the event of World War Three.
1304:
1145:
The website displays the recording date as 2016, but Tamm's reference to
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and was envisioned as an eccentric scientist. The outgoing script editor
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The character of Drax was originally intended for the 1976 story
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where they are headed, and the Guardian being unable to follow.
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from 20 January to 24 February 1979. It was the last to feature
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as a title appropriate for a story about nuclear war and MAD.
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to play the Black Guardian, but was unavailable, leading for
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Along with the rest of season sixteen, it was released on
598:
Production started in October 1978 and was in turmoil as
2838:
Television episodes written by Bob Baker (scriptwriter)
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1162:"There's Something About Mary", a DVD featurette on
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was commissioned to the experienced writing team of
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1374:. Jefferson: McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers.
559:led to a number of films such as the 1970 film
2828:Doctor Who serials novelised by Terrance Dicks
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1284:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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896:A novelisation of this serial, written by
839:gave the serial an unfavourable review in
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20:
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414:), who is the sixth and final segment.
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1135:. Wireless Theatre Limited. April 2011
1022:
1439:Internet Speculative Fiction Database
802:
778:
754:
730:
706:
682:
360:is the sixth and final serial of the
7:
1434:Doctor Who and the Armageddon Factor
1393:. London: Routledge. pp. 3–24.
1257:Doctor Who: The Television Companion
1089:
1077:
1065:
1038:Mulkern, Patrick (30 January 2011).
615:. The romantic relationship between
2489:Exploration Earth: The Time Machine
1301:"Doctor Who: The Armageddon Factor"
1040:"Doctor Who: The Armageddon Factor"
516:Central Government War Headquarters
303:20 January – 24 February 1979
14:
1489:Original series (1963–1989, 1996)
1164:The Key to Time – Special Edition
653:), but was not invited to do so.
583:who played the White Guardian in
2833:1979 British television episodes
916:in North America as part of the
1299:Felix, Justin (4 April 2009).
1166:(BBC Video/2 Entertain, 2007).
1:
2524:Classic Doctors, New Monsters
1636:Revived series (2005–present)
1332:. 18 May 2007. Archived from
2496:Doctor Who and the Pescatons
2366:The Fourth Doctor Adventures
561:Colossus: The Forbin Project
503:Mutually Assured Destruction
348:List of episodes (1963–1989)
2331:The Nest Cottage Chronicles
587:was expected to return for
295:6 episodes, 25 minutes each
2854:
1355:. Santa Monica: ABC-CLIO.
1353:Science Fiction Television
1102:Jenks & Lorentzen 2004
812:24 February 1979
788:17 February 1979
764:10 February 1979
366:science fiction television
2766:
2762:
2751:
2636:The Shadow of Weng-Chiang
2584:
2573:
2325:
2314:
2149:The Creature from the Pit
2005:The Talons of Weng-Chiang
1852:
1841:
1484:
805:
781:
757:
740:3 February 1979
733:
716:27 January 1979
709:
692:20 January 1979
685:
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669:
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663:
346:
312:
104:
70:
46:
31:
2629:The English Way of Death
2503:The Companion Chronicles
2464:The English Way of Death
1970:The Masque of Mandragora
1260:(1st ed.). London:
845:The Television Companion
544:, the American futurist
2404:Trail of the White Worm
1895:Revenge of the Cybermen
1881:The Sontaran Experiment
1219:The Discontinuity Guide
1214:"The Armageddon Factor"
1133:"Mary Tamm - Interview"
990:"The Armageddon Factor"
841:The Discontinuity Guide
657:Broadcast and reception
2779:Destiny of the Doctors
2655:Past Doctor Adventures
2510:Night of the Stormcrow
2390:The Wrath of the Iceni
2258:The Name of the Doctor
1351:Booker, Keith (2004).
18:1979 Doctor Who serial
2823:Fourth Doctor serials
2643:The Well-Mannered War
2471:The Well-Mannered War
2410:The Oseidon Adventure
2265:The Day of the Doctor
2251:Planet of the Spiders
2135:Destiny of the Daleks
2115:The Armageddon Factor
1888:Genesis of the Daleks
1785:The Armageddon Factor
1437:title listing at the
1416:The Armageddon Factor
1370:Case, George (2014).
1252:Walker, Stephen James
876:The Armageddon Factor
857:The Armageddon Factor
635:The Armageddon Factor
621:The Armageddon Factor
605:The Armageddon Factor
589:The Armageddon Factor
577:The Armageddon Factor
511:The Armageddon Factor
495:The Armageddon Factor
479:The Armageddon Factor
404:time and space vessel
394:), a henchman of the
357:The Armageddon Factor
336:Destiny of the Daleks
256:Executive producer(s)
26:The Armageddon Factor
2608:The Romance of Crime
2457:The Romance of Crime
2397:Energy of the Daleks
2272:The Witch's Familiar
2226:The Keeper of Traken
2101:The Androids of Tara
2060:The Invasion of Time
2039:Image of the Fendahl
1943:The Brain of Morbius
1936:The Android Invasion
1915:Terror of the Zygons
1771:The Androids of Tara
853:Stephen James Walker
643:The Androids of Tara
541:On Thermonuclear War
2531:Someone I Once Knew
2383:The Renaissance Man
2094:The Stones of Blood
2080:The Ribos Operation
2032:The Invisible Enemy
2025:Horror of Fang Rock
1998:The Robots of Death
1984:The Deadly Assassin
1764:The Stones of Blood
1750:The Ribos Operation
1427:Target novelisation
1151:The Stones of Blood
994:Shannonsullivan.com
988:Sullivan, Shannon.
900:, was published by
887:Commercial releases
881:The Ribos Operation
639:The Stones of Blood
585:The Ribos Operation
2591:Missing Adventures
2297:Dimensions in Time
2163:The Horns of Nimon
2108:The Power of Kroll
1778:The Power of Kroll
1661:2008–2010 specials
1345:Books and articles
324:The Power of Kroll
154:The Black Guardian
2810:
2809:
2806:
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2801:
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2746:
2743:
2742:
2686:Festival of Death
2569:
2568:
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2564:
2444:
2443:
2435:The Sands of Life
2428:The Auntie Matter
2310:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2243:Minor appearances
2156:Nightmare of Eden
2087:The Pirate Planet
1950:The Seeds of Doom
1794:
1793:
1757:The Pirate Planet
1271:978-0-563-40588-7
826:
825:
678:(millions)
673:Original air date
555:. The success of
507:Winston Churchill
353:
352:
342:
341:
2845:
2764:
2753:
2714:Match of the Day
2700:Psi-ence Fiction
2679:Tomb of Valdemar
2665:Millennium Shock
2586:
2575:
2372:
2327:
2316:
2290:The Five Doctors
2191:The Leisure Hive
1991:The Face of Evil
1977:The Hand of Fear
1929:Pyramids of Mars
1874:The Ark in Space
1854:
1843:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1798:
1629:Missing episodes
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1404:
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1147:Elizabeth Sladen
1144:
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1121:on 25 July 2008.
1117:. Archived from
1111:
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1104:, p. 10-11.
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568:The Hand of Fear
489:by the producer
314:
313:
122:– Princess Astra
24:103 –
21:
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2843:
2842:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2798:
2793:Lego Dimensions
2758:
2739:
2719:
2648:
2580:
2561:
2543:
2476:
2449:Novel adaptions
2440:
2415:
2359:
2321:
2302:
2277:
2238:
2176:
2120:
2065:
2010:
1955:
1900:
1848:
1837:
1825:
1795:
1790:
1735:
1480:
1472:
1429:
1411:
1401:
1388:
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1369:
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1350:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1336:on 6 June 2009.
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1183:
1181:Doctor Who News
1177:"Ratings Guide"
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557:Dr. Strangelove
552:Dr. Strangelove
491:Graham Williams
477:The script for
475:
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400:Valentine Dyall
364:of the British
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300:First broadcast
274:Production code
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1409:External links
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446:Black Guardian
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392:William Squire
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1716:2022 specials
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1396:
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1248:Howe, David J
1243:
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1233:0-426-20442-5
1229:
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1202:Cornell, Paul
1197:
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1080:, p. 87.
1079:
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1025:, p. 73.
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849:David J. Howe
846:
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837:Keith Topping
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582:
581:Cyril Luckham
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536:Douglas Adams
531:
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426:
425:Fourth Doctor
417:
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254:
250:
249:David Maloney
246:
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239:
235:
234:Douglas Adams
231:
228:
226:Script editor
224:
221:
217:
214:
210:
207:
206:Michael Hayes
204:
200:
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185:
182:
179:
176:
175:Harry Fielder
172:
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165:Susan Skipper
163:
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148:
145:
144:Barry Jackson
142:
139:
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127:
126:Davyd Harries
124:
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118:
116:– The Marshal
115:
114:John Woodvine
112:
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108:
103:
95:
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88:
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82:
79:
78:
76:
75:
69:
62:
61:Fourth Doctor
58:
55:
54:
52:
51:
45:
40:
36:
35:
30:
27:
22:
16:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2772:Dalek Attack
2770:
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2698:
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2677:
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2620:
2615:System Shock
2613:
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2522:
2517:Babblesphere
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2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
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1762:
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1433:
1415:
1390:
1371:
1352:
1334:the original
1320:
1308:. Retrieved
1294:
1256:
1242:
1224:Virgin Books
1217:
1196:
1184:. Retrieved
1180:
1171:
1163:
1158:
1137:. Retrieved
1127:
1119:the original
1109:
1097:
1085:
1073:
1061:
1049:. Retrieved
1043:
997:. Retrieved
993:
921:
917:
911:
902:Target Books
895:
880:
875:
871:
861:
856:
844:
840:
829:Paul Cornell
827:
734:"Part Three"
647:regeneration
634:
630:
625:
620:
604:
597:
588:
584:
576:
572:Anthony Read
567:
565:
560:
556:
550:
539:
532:
510:
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478:
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458:
450:
442:
438:
434:
421:
388:
369:
356:
355:
354:
334:
329:
322:
318:
292:Running time
251:(uncredited)
236:(uncredited)
230:Anthony Read
183:– Technician
140:– The Shadow
106:
72:
48:
32:
25:
15:
2757:Video games
2538:Out of Time
2347:Demon Quest
2205:Full Circle
1206:Day, Martin
1045:Radio Times
1023:Booker 2004
922:Key to Time
918:Key to Time
863:Radio Times
855:wrote that
782:"Part Five"
758:"Part Four"
546:Herman Kahn
487:Dave Martin
362:16th season
330:Followed by
319:Preceded by
241:Produced by
220:Dave Martin
202:Directed by
171:John Cannon
167:– 'Heroine'
90:John Leeson
2817:Categories
2734:Ghost Ship
2053:Underworld
1847:Television
1829:Doctor Who
1476:Doctor Who
1421:BBC Online
1326:"DVD News"
1222:. London:
928:References
908:Home media
872:Doctor Who
833:Martin Day
816:1979-02-24
806:"Part Six"
792:1979-02-17
768:1979-02-10
744:1979-02-03
720:1979-01-27
710:"Part Two"
696:1979-01-20
686:"Part One"
676:UK viewers
651:Lalla Ward
617:Lalla Ward
613:White City
473:Production
412:Lalla Ward
371:Doctor Who
308:Chronology
212:Written by
197:Production
187:Pat Gorman
159:Ian Liston
132:Ian Saynor
120:Lalla Ward
92:(Voice of
74:Companions
34:Doctor Who
2707:Wolfsbane
2601:Evolution
2233:Logopolis
2182:Season 18
2173:(unaired)
2126:Season 17
2071:Season 16
2016:Season 15
1961:Season 14
1906:Season 13
1858:Season 12
1741:Season 16
1280:cite book
1262:BBC Books
1090:Case 2014
1078:Case 2014
1066:Case 2014
627:Mary Tamm
600:Tom Baker
524:Wiltshire
483:Bob Baker
380:Mary Tamm
286:Season 16
216:Bob Baker
81:Mary Tamm
57:Tom Baker
2725:Novellas
2548:See also
2420:Season 2
2375:Season 1
2282:See also
1641:Series 1
1494:Season 1
1479:episodes
1310:22 March
1305:DVD Talk
1254:(1998).
1212:(1995).
1051:22 March
892:In print
868:DVD Talk
847:(1998),
670:Run time
499:Cold War
264:Music by
177:– Guards
161:– 'Hero'
2622:Managra
1836:stories
814: (
790: (
766: (
742: (
718: (
694: (
664:Episode
631:Dr. Who
520:Corsham
368:series
332: →
317:←
189:– Pilot
134:– Merak
128:– Shapp
2786:Legacy
2693:Asylum
2198:Meglos
1397:
1378:
1359:
1268:
1250:&
1230:
1186:28 May
1139:14 May
999:12 May
835:, and
609:Ealing
528:London
454:TARDIS
429:Romana
408:TARDIS
384:Romana
282:Series
146:– Drax
107:Others
85:Romana
50:Doctor
37:serial
2579:Books
2481:Other
2320:Audio
2170:Shada
1867:Robot
809:25:09
785:24:42
761:25:09
737:25:03
713:23:56
689:24:39
667:Title
1624:Film
1395:ISBN
1376:ISBN
1357:ISBN
1312:2013
1286:link
1266:ISBN
1228:ISBN
1188:2017
1141:2024
1053:2013
1001:2024
851:and
485:and
459:The
427:and
418:Plot
406:the
376:BBC1
259:None
42:Cast
1419:at
1330:BBC
914:DVD
822:9.6
798:8.6
774:8.6
750:7.8
726:8.8
702:7.5
623:.
518:in
382:as
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1282:}}
1278:{{
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1204:;
1179:.
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1030:^
1009:^
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522:,
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277:5F
173:,
152:–
94:K9
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59:–
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