412:
483:
Tikva. When the journalistโand
Barnett's descendantโYaffah Berlovitz was interviewed by Eli Eshed, she drew attention to the fact that Salomon had discouraged the Yarkonim and had later abandoned the colony to return to Jerusalem. She concluded that "to present him as a hero, it's really ridiculous, even with the apologetics at the end that say that it's a story or a dream". The writer and Raab descendant Ehud ben Ezer protested to the municipality of Petah Tikva regarding its handling of the 130th anniversary celebrations and the scant attention accorded to the role of Eleazer and Yehuda Raab. In his interview with Eshed, he worried that the
475:
point, and in what capacity. Many of the protagonists in these disputes are themselves descendants or relatives of the founders. In the versions each presents of the founding of Petah Tikva, they stress the role of their own families. "As many founders as there are, there are that many histories of the place, and each family writes a biographical version of its own as the history of the colony," wrote professor of literature Yaffah
Berlovitz, a great-granddaughter of Zerah Barnett. Eli Eshed, a writer on Israel popular culture and a member of the Salomon family, refers to the controversy as โversion warsโ.
395:"On a humid morning in the year 1878". Five riders leave Jaffa that morning. Four are named in the second verseโStampfer, Gutmann, Barnett, and Salomon. These men are to become the founders of Petah Tikva. Salomon is already being portrayed as a heroic figure, riding "with a sword in his sash". The fifth rider, Dr. Mazaraki, is introduced in the third verse, along with a reference to the Yarkon Valley through which they rode. The five riders reach Umlabes and its "swamps and thickets" in verse four, and climb a hill to survey the surroundings.
458:, a 170-year-old Yoel Moshe Salomon and his companions get stuck in traffic between Jaffa and Petah Tikva. The actual re-enacted ride was timed to arrive at Founders Square in Petah Tikva at 4 pm, where a set of five sculptures by Shmuel Ben-Ami were unveiled. Ben-Ami's sculptures were commissioned by a local Petah Tikva company. He had been instructed to replace Mazaraki, for whom no model was available, by a representation of Yehuda Raab. Though acknowledged as one of Petah Tikva's founders, Raab is not mentioned in the
353:
offer for settlement. From atop a ruined house, the doctor surveys the area. He notices the absence of birds, despite there being ample food for them, and concludes that the area is unhealthy and unfit for humans. Despite the doctor's advice, Salomon, Gutmann, and
StampferโBarnett not being mentioned as present on this second visitโdecide to proceed. Initially they purchase only Qassar's land, away from the river.
203:(agricultural colony) to inspect the land around the village of Umm Labes in the Yarkon Valley on which the colony was subsequently established. The song helped fuel a controversy amongst descendants of the founders of Petah Tikva regarding the relative roles of their ancestors in establishing the colony. It is an example of how popular song is used in Israel in constructing historical myths.
411:
325:
349:
physical appearance of the tenant farmers. Gutmann, Stampfer, and
Barnett return to Jaffa in the evening, but Salomon, an Arabic speaker, stays behind to make more enquiries about the health of the fellahin. He learns that their ill health is attributed locally to the swampy conditions of the Yarkon Valley.
398:
In verses five and six, Mazaraki gives his verdict on the property. He notes the absence of bird song, which he regards as a very bad sign. In verse six the doctor declares: "If no birds are heard/death reigns here./My advice is that we depart this place quickly/so off I go". The doctor mounts up and
352:
Salomon returns to his companions and advises that they purchase the parcel of land further to the south, near the village of
Yahudiyah and away from the Yarkon itself. To allay their doubts regarding whether to proceed, the group engage a Greek doctor to advise them on the suitability of the land on
465:
Another statue, by the sculptor Rami
Golshani, was set up on Haim Ozer Street in Petah Tikvah. It depicts Yoel Moshe Salomon, with wings, riding a Harley Davidson motorcycle. On the base of the statue is a line (in Hebrew) from the song: "And between midnight and first light, all of a sudden Salomon
487:
risked being confused with history. Ben Ezer quoted an unnamed Petah Tikva official who had told him that "the history is what Yoram
Taharlev wrote". Ben Ezer added that "the education system in the schools, which is to say the authors of textbooks and certainly the teachers too take the ballad as
474:
According to
Israeli historian Yosef Lang, the controversy regarding the founding of Petah Tikva began with the publication of the Petah Tikva 50th anniversary commemorative volume in 1929. That volume presented the Salomon family's version of events. The disputes concern who was involved, at what
277:
In 1878 the founders of Petah Tikva learned of the availability of land northeast of Jaffa near the village of
Umlabes. The land was owned by two Christian businessmen from Jaffa, Antoine Bishara Tayan and Selim Qassar, and was worked by some thirty tenant farmers. Tayan's property was the larger,
482:
provided new fuel for the disputes when its account of events came to serve as the basis for much of the public commemoration of the 130th anniversary of the founding of Petah Tikva. Articles on the subject appeared in
Israeli newspapers, and complaints were received by the municipality of Petah
446:
as the theme for a mural in the underpass at the Geha junction in Petah Tikva. The mural depicts the five characters from the song in front of a hill and surrounded by birds. Blitshtein painted from photos provided by the municipality, except in the case of Dr. Mazaraki, for whom no likeness was
364:
The ballad deals with the visit to Umlabes, the future site of Petah Tikva, by those who would subsequently purchase the lands around the village. Taharlev's version of the story differs from Yaari's account in a number of respects. First, Taharlev admits that he has combined into one what Yaari
402:
In its final four verses, the ballad's tone changes from narrative to whimsy and fantasy. During the night, says the ballad, Salomon grows wings and flies over the area. The balladeer allows that "maybe it was just a dream/maybe just a legend". In the morning, the last two verses tell us, "the
348:
In Yaari's account, in the summer of 1878 four of the future purchasersโGutmann, Salomon, Stampfer, and Barnettโgo out from Jaffa to inspect the land around Umlabes, the future site of Petah Tikva. They spend the day there, and are favourably impressed, but have worries regarding the unhealthy
1353:
and of the controversy it generated, with excerpts from interviews with many of those involved, including Yoram Taharlev, Yaffa Berlovitz, Ehud Ben Ezer, Avi Blitshtein, and Shmuel Ben Ami. The page also contains a number of photos of individuals and art works connected to the
488:
the single authorised source for teaching about the history of Petah Tikva,โฆ". His worries may have some justification. The only name mentioned in Howard Sachar's frequently cited history of Israel, with respect to the founding of Petah Tikva, is that of Yoel Moshe Salomon.
976:, p. 137), in which Navon says that the Petah Tikva founders had approached him for assistance in obtaining land. Glass and Kark report that it was through Amzalak that they learned about the Umlabes land. (The name Amzalak is sometimes rendered Amzaleg or Amzalleg.)
927:
Goldman, Yaakov (1884). "ืฉืืจ ืืฉืื: ืืฉืงืคื ืืืืืช ืขื ืืฆื ืืืื ื ืื ื ืืฉืจืื ืืืจืฅ ืืงืืืฉ ,ืืขื ืงืืจืืช ืืฉืื ืืืจืฅ ืืขืืจ ืืืืืื" [The Rest of the Population: An Overview of the Situation of Our Jewish Brethren in the Holy Land and of Events Past and Present].
365:
describes as two separate visits to Umlabes. Second, he identifies the Greek doctor by name, as a Dr. Mazaraki. Third, he makes Salomon the hero of the piece, the only one of the four who initially chooses to ignore the doctor's advice.
282:, away from the swampland. It was this healthier area that was purchased on 30 July 1878. Tayan's holdings were purchased later when a second group of settlers, known as the Yarkonim, arrived in Petah Tikva in the following year.
447:
available. Blitshtein drew him from his imagination. The photo of Zerah Barnett provided by the city proved not to be Barnett at all. It was a photo of Avraham Shapira, the head of the village guards in Petah Tikva from 1890.
368:(The first mention of Dr. Mazaraki in relation to the founding of Petah Tikva was six years afterward, in an article in the 1848 issue of a Hebrew literary annual.In that article, the Greek doctor's name appeared in the form
515:. He worried that the events themselves might be forgotten, "leaving only the songs", and wondered whether, in the future, the history of Israel might become confused with the history of Israeli poetry and song.
454:. On 5 November 2008, five riders dressed in period costume re-enacted the trip from Jaffa to Petah Tikva. Taharlev had already imagined Salomon and his companions as those riders. In an โupdatedโ version of the
495:, its lyricist Yoram Taharlev observed that "it is in the nature of a mythological song that it created a myth", and noted that a similar controversy arose around another of his songs, the Six Day War song
960:
399:
returns to the city in verse seven, accompanied by Stampfer, Gutmann, and Barnett. Only Salomon "with his prophetic eyes" remains behind to spend the night on that hill, we are told in verse eight.
541:). This is a genre of Israeli national โfolk musicโ developed in the pre-state period and gradually formed into a recognised musical canon. Its content was nationalistic. The genre served an
285:
The fear of malaria proved well-founded when an epidemic broke out in 1880, forcing the abandonment of the settlements on both holdings. Those who remained in the area moved south to
242:
in Jerusalem, who founded Petah Tikva, had initially been less successful in obtaining agricultural land. The Arab intermediary through whom they were to have been purchased 4000
491:
At the core of these disputes is the role that music has had in Israel as a vehicle for creating a national ethos and for disseminating national ideology. With regard to the
345:(1947). That account was grounded in the version of events provided by Yoel Moshe Salomon's son Tuviah for the Petah Tikva 50th Anniversary Commemorative volume of 1929.
278:
some 8,500 dunams, but much of it was in the malarial swamp of the Yarkon Valley. Qassar's smaller block, some 3,500 dunams, lay a few kilometres to the south of the
439:
in 1973. A measure of the ballad's popularity is the extent to which its version of events has become part of the public memory of the foundation of Petah Tikva.
549:
was written early in what Regev and Seroussi call the middle period of the SLI genre, when attitudes toward such songs were becoming tinged with nostalgia. The
312:. Some accounts add Nathan Gringart (who provided financing to the colony but didn't actually take up residence there), Michal Leib Katz (Zanger), and Rabbi
812:
403:
accursed valley was filled with the chirping of birds/and there are those who say that to this day/along the Yarkon/the birds sing of Yoel Moshe Salomon".
384:. Lang identifies the elder, Karlemo, as the one who probably advised the founders of Petah Tikva of the health dangers of the Yarkon Valley swamps.)
380:, there were two Mazaraki brothers in Jerusalem. Both were physicians who at one time or another were associated with the Sephardi Jewish hospital
1486:]. Translated and abridged by Israel Schen; edited by Isaac Halevy-Levin. Jerusalem: Youth and Hechalutz Dept. of the Zionist Organization.
1430:
1411:
254:
also failed, though that property was eventually purchased in 1890 on behalf of a group of Polish Jews. There they established the colony of
1480:
The Goodly Heritage: Memoirs Describing the Life of the Jewish Community of Eretz Yisrael From the Seventeenth to the Twentieth Centuries
227:
on 260 hectares of land leased from the Turkish government. Also in the 1850s, a Baghdadi Jew named Shaul Yehuda purchased a farm near
1468:
1449:
1371:
1275:
684:
565:
has been used to create a historical memory in which myth and history are intertwined. Though it might be faulted as history, the
1612:
216:
435:โSnailโ, and was featured in an accompanying film by the same name. The ballad was also included on Arik Einstein's album
1164:
1510:
1669:
1141:
1654:
1504:
1138:, fought in the northern suburbs of Jerusalem on 6 June 1967. An English translation of the lyrics is available at
802:, pp. 89โ93) suggests that the colonists began to abandon Petah Tikva in late 1880, and had all left in 1881.
1135:
215:
purchased ten hectares of orange groves outside Jaffa in 1855, to be worked by Jews from that city. In 1870, the
450:
The 130th anniversary of the founding of Petah Tikva provided further opportunities for public reference to the
1649:
1310:[As there are many founders, so too there are many histories of Petah Tikvaโon the commotion caused by the
211:
Jewish philanthropists had begun to acquire land in Palestine for agricultural purposes as early as the 1850s.
837:
545:โto celebrate in song the landscape of the Land of Israel, the cultivation of that land, and its defence. The
293:
immigrants in 1883 some of the original families returned. With funding for swamp drainage provided by Baron
1659:
172:
964:), the year of the inspection is identified as 1876. That date seems to be based on a letter from
604:
1570:
1332:
721:"And I will give her her vineyards therefrom, and the valley of Achor as a door of hope." (Hosea 2:17)
593:
refers to communities of privately owned farms, and is conventionally rendered in English as 'colony'.
1664:
883:
294:
212:
1644:
1002:
1382:
1286:
569:
has ensured that the founding of Petah Tikva remains a part of popular Israeli collective memory.
250:
in 1875 decided to buy the land for himself. Their attempt to acquire land at Khirbat Deiran near
504:
431:
music genre. It was the final track on Einstein's and composer Shalom Hanoch's influential album
328:
313:
305:
1243:
377:
1552:
1535:
1308:"ืืืกืคืจ ืืืืืกืืื ืื ืืกืคืจ ืืืืกืืืจืืืช ืฉื ืคืชื ืชืงืืโืืขืงืืืช ืืืืืื ืฉืืืืื "ืืืืื ืขื ืืืื ืืฉื ืกืืืืื""
747:
499:
released in 1968. Ben Ezer complained that learning about the founding of Petah Tikva from the
1464:
1445:
1426:
1407:
1367:
1271:
309:
1335:[On a damp morning in 1878-the wars surrounding "The Ballad of Yoel Moshe Salomon"].
663:
For brief discussions of the Old Yishuv and its early agricultural settlement activity, see
1622:
1028:
542:
526:
508:
290:
274:
Valley near Jericho. The name was later transferred to the colony established near Jaffa.
163:
146:
51:
1599:
1571:"The Soundtrack of Israel: The Story of Israel at 66 through the songs of Arik Einstein"
1264:
334:
301:
187:
138:
1248:
The Palestinian - Israel Conflict: Legal Aspects in a Historical and Political Context
1181:
For the poem in Hebrew and English, with some introductory notes by Ami Isseroff, see
1638:
1524:
1153:
687:
has some information on Ottoman restrictions on Jewish land purchases and settlement.
424:
381:
300:
The founders and first settlers of Petah Tikva are generally acknowledged to include
286:
220:
191:
183:
124:
33:
1617:
A brief biography of Yoel Moshe Salomon on the Salomon family bicentennial web site.
1183:
1047:
1017:
has photos of the entire mural and of the individuals as Blitshtein portrayed them.
428:
279:
94:
1307:
965:
767:
195:
89:
904:, p. 85). The latter says he joined the colony shortly after its founding.
1602:[The Ballad of Yoel Moshe Salomon and His Three Comrades] (in Hebrew).
1498:
239:
750:
in Israel. Other English sources represent it differently. It is Mulabbes in
900:
The Hebrew Knowledge article on Petah Tikva mentions Katz (Zanger), as does
341:
after reading the account of the founding of Petah Tikva in Avraham Yaari's
258:. The eventual founders of Petah Tikva had also tried to purchase land near
1266:
The Claim of Dispossession: Jewish Land-Settlement and the Arabs, 1878-1948
304:, David Gutmann, Eleazar Raab and his sons Yehuda & Moshe Shmuel Raab,
1631:
An article on Zerah Barnett's contribution to the founding of Petah Tikva.
194:. In whimsical fashion, the lyrics tell of a trip by the founders of the
132:
118:
259:
255:
228:
199:
1590:
324:
1364:
Sephardi Entrepreneurs in Eretz Israel: The Amzalak Family, 1816-1918
862:
247:
969:
410:
323:
271:
251:
243:
232:
224:
1406:. Vol. 14 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA.
1050:[On a damp morning in 1878: Celebrating in Petah Tikva].
29:
1580:. Jewish Community Federation and Endowment Fund. pp. 6โ7.
1586:
in Hebrew with a rhyming English translation by Donny Inbar.
1333:"ืืืืงืจ ืื ืืฉื ืช ืชืจื"ื -ืืืืืืืช ืขื "ืืืืื ืขื ืืืื ืืฉื ืกืืืืื""
529:โrefers to a certain genre of Israeli music, also known as
1188:
Historical source documents: Zionism, Israel and Palestine
1005:, the wife of the British consul in Jerusalem (1846โ1863).
790:
has a more detailed discussion of the Yarkonim, in Hebrew.
1442:
A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time
913:
References here are to the abridged English translation
863:"Founders' Museum & Founders' Houses โ Petah Tikva"
646:
Sources give different dates for this purchaseโ1859 by
1402:
Orni, Efraim; Gilboa, Shaked (2007). "Mikveh Israel".
231:, outside Jerusalem. It later became the community of
1103:
1101:
1099:
605:"Immigration to Israel: 'The Redeemers of the Land'"
177:
1031:[Yoel Moshe Salomon: the next generation].
415:
Winged Yoel Moshe Salomon โ Statue by Rami Golshani
144:
130:
116:
100:
88:
80:
65:
57:
47:
39:
28:
23:
1484:ืืืจืื ืืช ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจืื (Memories of the Land of Israel)
1263:
223:agricultural school some five kilometres south of
1383:"The Physician Brothers of the House of Mazaraki"
1200:These quotes are from the interviews reported in
886:[Nathan Gringart-The Forgotten Founder].
319:
1358:, including one purported to be of Dr. Mazaraki.
1244:"External Responses to Ottoman Internal Changes"
1150:A transliteration of the Hebrew can be found at
1561:Transliteration and English translation of the
1544:Transliteration and English translation of the
1270:. New Brunswick and London: Transaction Books.
387:The opening words of the ballad set the scene:
679:, chapter 2), particularly the section titled
1349:This page is a discussion (in Hebrew) of the
1337:ืืืืืื ืืงืื ืฉื ืืื ืืฉื Eli Eshedโs Multiverse
1224:
1212:
985:
746:in the song, and written thus on web page on
8:
1513:[The Ballad of Yoel Moshe Salomon].
1425:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
1423:Popular Music and National Culture in Israel
888:Oded Yarkoni Petah Tikva Historical Archive
442:In 2000, the artist Avi Blitshtein used the
270:is a biblical reference associated with the
316:, one of the better known of the Yarkonim.
262:in 1876 for a colony they intended to name
1623:"Streetwise: An Englishman in Petah Tikva"
1463:. Lebanon, NH: Brandeis University Press.
634:
20:
1090:
1078:
973:
972:, his uncle Haim Amzalak, as reported in
838:"Zionism: The First 120 Years, 1882-2002"
783:
755:
730:
320:Yaari's account of the Umlabes inspection
1385:[ืืืืื ืืจืืคืืื ืืืืช ืึทืึทืจึทืงึดื].
1048:"ืืืืงืจ ืื ืืฉื ืช ืชืจื"ื: ืืืืืื ืืคืชื ืชืงืืื"
997:A photo of Dr. Mazaraki is available at
787:
427:, a popular artist in the then emerging
238:The religiously observant Jews from the
1068:โs interview with the sculptor Ben-Ami.
759:
676:
578:
518:The term Ben Ezer used for such songsโ
38:
27:
1600:"ืืืืื ืขื ืืืื ืืฉื ืกืืืืื ืืฉืืืฉืช ืจืขืื"
1553:"Arik Einstein's "Yoel Moshe Salomon""
1421:Regev, Motti; Seroussi, Edwin (2004).
1242:Adler, Gerald M. (25 September 2008).
1119:
779:
763:
696:
664:
651:
621:
289:. After Petah Tikva was reoccupied by
1621:Deutsch, Gloria (18 September 2008).
1613:"Salomon Family: 200 Years in Israel"
1362:Glass, Joseph B.; Kark, Ruth (1991).
1306:Berlovitz, Yaffa (14 November 2008).
1201:
1107:
1065:
1014:
998:
914:
901:
799:
766:, p. 71). The Knowledge article
751:
681:Emigrants and Immigrants: An Overview
647:
7:
942:
712:mentions the earlier failed attempt.
708:The Hebrew Knowledge article on the
557:themes. Like other instances of the
553:adds a playful tone to conventional
182:) is a 1970 Israeli popular song by
1162:The Hebrew lyrics are available at
932:(in Hebrew). Warsaw: Nahum Sokolow.
167:
1578:Jewish Community Relations Council
1536:"The Ballad of Yoel Moshe Salomon"
1285:Ben Ezer, Ehud (2 December 2013).
667:, chapter 2), the sections titled
503:would be "like learning about the
14:
1595:Yoram Taharlev's English website.
685:Jewish land purchase in Palestine
376:. According to Israeli historian
297:, the colony became more stable.
1569:Inbar, Donny; Mahrer, Danielle.
1142:"The Army Bands: Lahakot Tzahal"
407:Recording and public recognition
339:The Ballad of Yoel Moshe Salomon
160:The Ballad of Yoel Moshe Salomon
61:The Ballad of Yoel Moshe Salomon
24:"Habalada al Yoel Moshe Salomon"
1331:Eshed, Eli (19 November 2008).
1027:Dor, Michel (5 November 2008).
742:The village name is pronounced
537:"Songs of the Land of Israel" (
968:to the British vice-consul in
762:, chapter 2), and Ummlebis in
343:Memories of the Land of Israel
217:Alliance Israelite Universelle
179:Habalada al Yoel Moshe Salomon
1:
1604:Yoram Taharlev's page on the
1444:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
1122:, chapter 2), in the section
1054:(in Hebrew). 2 November 2008.
954:In the Hebrew article on the
890:(in Hebrew). 27 October 2013.
1527:'s recorded version, on the
1381:Lang, Yossi (2 March 2009).
1312:Ballad of Yoel Moshe Salomon
884:"ื ืชื ืืจืื ืืจื โ ืืืืืกื ืื ืฉืื"
842:The Jewish Agency for Israel
817:The Jewish Agency for Israel
421:Ballad of Yoel Moshe Salomon
393:beboker lach bishnat tarlach
266:โOpening of Hopeโ. The name
1366:. Jerusalem: Magnes Press.
1225:Regev & Seroussi (2004)
1213:Regev & Seroussi (2004)
1029:"ืืืื-ืืฉื ืกืืืืื: ืืืืจ ืืื"
986:Regev & Seroussi (2004)
770:gives three other versions.
505:Israeli War of Independence
466:grew the wings of a bird."
178:
1686:
1511:"ืืืืื ืขื ืืืื ืืฉื ืกืืืืื"
1440:Sachar, Howard M. (2007).
1124:The โOld Settlementโ Stirs
754:, p. 79), Melabes in
673:The โOld Settlementโ Stirs
633:The 1870 date is given in
16:1970 song by Arik Einstein
1289:[ืคืจืฉืช ืืืจืงืื ืื].
1262:Avneri, Arieh L. (1984).
1136:Battle of Ammunition Hill
1001:. Eshed attributes it to
959:
675:, respectively. See also
586:
530:
519:
388:
369:
1478:Yaari, Avraham (1958) .
1184:"The Silver Salver 1947"
1134:The song deals with the
423:was recorded in 1970 by
168:ืืืืื ืขื ืืืื ืืฉื ืกืืืืื
1459:Shapira, Anita (2014).
1387:Ben Ezer News , no. 424
1291:Ben Ezer News , no. 896
961:ืืืื ืขื ืืืื ืืฉื ืกืืืืื
758:, p. 137) and in
731:Glass & Kark (1991)
635:Orni & Gilboa (2007
974:Glass & Kark (1991
784:Glass & Kark (1991
756:Glass & Kark (1991
609:Jewish Virtual Library
416:
337:was inspired to write
331:
1557:Rejuvenating Heritage
1548:by George Jakubovits.
1404:Encyclopaedia Judaica
1287:"The Yarkonim Affair"
930:Ha'Asif 'The Harvest'
786:, pp. 137โ138);
414:
327:
207:Historical background
1154:"Givat HaTachmoshet"
1152:Jakubovits, George.
669:The โOld Settlementโ
603:Greenwood, Naftali.
543:ideological function
535:shirei eretz yisrael
295:Edmond de Rothschild
213:Sir Moses Montefiore
1565:by Michael Sherman.
1003:Elizabeth Anne Finn
389:ืืืืงืจ ืื ืืฉื ืช ืชืจื"ื
1670:Songs about Israel
417:
332:
329:Yoel Moshe Salomon
314:Aryeh Leib Frumkin
306:Yoel Moshe Salomon
1655:Culture of Israel
1461:Israel: A History
1432:978-0-520-23652-3
1413:978-0-02-865942-8
1140:Ben-Arieh, Alex.
310:Yehoshua Stampfer
186:, with lyrics by
176:
156:
155:
1677:
1630:
1616:
1603:
1594:
1591:"Yoram Taharlev"
1581:
1575:
1560:
1543:
1523:in Hebrew, with
1518:
1501:
1487:
1474:
1455:
1436:
1417:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1377:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1281:
1269:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1161:
1149:
1132:
1126:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1094:
1091:Berlovitz (2008)
1088:
1082:
1079:Berlovitz (2008)
1075:
1069:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
995:
989:
983:
977:
963:
952:
946:
940:
934:
933:
924:
918:
911:
905:
898:
892:
891:
880:
874:
873:
871:
869:
859:
853:
852:
850:
848:
834:
828:
827:
825:
823:
809:
803:
797:
791:
777:
771:
740:
734:
728:
722:
719:
713:
706:
700:
694:
688:
661:
655:
644:
638:
631:
625:
619:
613:
612:
600:
594:
588:
583:
532:
521:
390:
371:
181:
171:
169:
149:
135:
121:
112:
111:
107:
76:
74:
21:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1650:Songs in Hebrew
1635:
1634:
1620:
1611:
1598:
1589:
1573:
1568:
1551:
1540:HebrewSongs.com
1534:
1509:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1477:
1471:
1458:
1452:
1439:
1433:
1420:
1414:
1401:
1392:
1390:
1380:
1374:
1361:
1342:
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1330:
1321:
1319:
1305:
1296:
1294:
1284:
1278:
1261:
1252:
1250:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1163:
1158:HebrewSongs.com
1151:
1139:
1133:
1129:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1077:As reported in
1076:
1072:
1064:As reported in
1063:
1059:
1046:
1045:As reported in
1044:
1040:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1009:
996:
992:
984:
980:
953:
949:
941:
937:
926:
925:
921:
912:
908:
899:
895:
882:
881:
877:
867:
865:
861:
860:
856:
846:
844:
836:
835:
831:
821:
819:
811:
810:
806:
798:
794:
788:Ben Ezer (2013)
782:, p. 71);
778:
774:
741:
737:
729:
725:
720:
716:
707:
703:
695:
691:
662:
658:
645:
641:
637:, p. 230).
632:
628:
620:
616:
602:
601:
597:
584:
580:
575:
524:hazemer ha'ivri
509:Nathan Alterman
497:Ammunition Hill
472:
437:Good Old Israel
409:
362:
322:
209:
145:
131:
117:
109:
105:
104:
72:
70:
40:from the album
17:
12:
11:
5:
1683:
1681:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1627:Jerusalem Post
1618:
1609:
1596:
1587:
1566:
1549:
1532:
1519:Lyrics of the
1507:
1500:Official audio
1494:
1493:External links
1491:
1489:
1488:
1475:
1470:978-0297871576
1469:
1456:
1451:978-0375711329
1450:
1437:
1431:
1418:
1412:
1399:
1378:
1373:978-9652237514
1372:
1359:
1328:
1303:
1282:
1277:978-0878559640
1276:
1259:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1217:
1205:
1193:
1174:
1165:"ืืืขืช ืืชืืืืฉืช"
1127:
1112:
1095:
1083:
1070:
1057:
1038:
1033:Yediot Ahronot
1019:
1007:
990:
988:, p. 146.
978:
947:
935:
919:
906:
893:
875:
854:
829:
804:
792:
772:
735:
733:, p. 137.
723:
714:
701:
689:
683:. The article
656:
654:, p. 70).
639:
626:
614:
595:
577:
576:
574:
571:
531:ืฉืืจื ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจืื
513:Silver Platter
471:
468:
408:
405:
361:
355:
335:Yoram Taharlev
321:
318:
302:Zerach Barnett
208:
205:
188:Yoram Taharlev
154:
153:
150:
142:
141:
139:Yoram Taharlev
136:
128:
127:
122:
114:
113:
102:
98:
97:
92:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
37:
36:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1682:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1660:Israeli songs
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1588:
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1572:
1567:
1564:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1525:Arik Einstein
1522:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1492:
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1481:
1476:
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1388:
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1379:
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1369:
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1360:
1357:
1352:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1317:
1313:
1309:
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1288:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1268:
1267:
1260:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1227:, p. 59.
1226:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1175:
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1166:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1146:The Historama
1143:
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1131:
1128:
1125:
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1116:
1113:
1109:
1104:
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1096:
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1039:
1034:
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1000:
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987:
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894:
889:
885:
879:
876:
864:
858:
855:
843:
839:
833:
830:
818:
814:
813:"Petah Tikva"
808:
805:
801:
796:
793:
789:
785:
781:
776:
773:
769:
765:
761:
760:Shapira (2014
757:
753:
749:
745:
739:
736:
732:
727:
724:
718:
715:
711:
705:
702:
699:, p. 62.
698:
697:Avneri (1984)
693:
690:
686:
682:
678:
677:Shapira (2014
674:
670:
666:
660:
657:
653:
649:
643:
640:
636:
630:
627:
624:, p. 70.
623:
622:Avneri (1984)
618:
615:
610:
606:
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596:
592:
582:
579:
572:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
528:
527:"Hebrew Song"
525:
516:
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510:
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502:
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489:
486:
481:
476:
470:Controversies
469:
467:
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453:
448:
445:
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438:
434:
430:
426:
425:Arik Einstein
422:
413:
406:
404:
400:
396:
394:
385:
383:
382:Misgav Ladach
379:
375:
366:
360:
356:
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346:
344:
340:
336:
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317:
315:
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236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
221:Mikveh Israel
218:
214:
206:
204:
202:
201:
197:
193:
192:Shalom Hanoch
190:and music by
189:
185:
184:Arik Einstein
180:
174:
165:
161:
151:
148:
143:
140:
137:
134:
129:
126:
125:Shalom Hanoch
123:
120:
115:
103:
99:
96:
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
69:May 1970
68:
64:
60:
58:English title
56:
53:
50:
46:
43:
35:
34:Arik Einstein
31:
22:
19:
1626:
1605:
1583:
1577:
1562:
1556:
1545:
1539:
1528:
1520:
1517:(in Hebrew).
1514:
1483:
1479:
1460:
1441:
1422:
1403:
1391:. Retrieved
1386:
1363:
1355:
1350:
1341:. Retrieved
1336:
1320:. Retrieved
1315:
1311:
1295:. Retrieved
1290:
1265:
1251:. Retrieved
1247:
1220:
1215:, chapter 3.
1208:
1202:Eshed (2008)
1196:
1187:
1177:
1171:(in Hebrew).
1168:
1157:
1145:
1130:
1123:
1120:Sachar (2007
1115:
1108:Eshed (2008)
1086:
1073:
1066:Eshed (2008)
1060:
1051:
1041:
1035:(in Hebrew).
1032:
1022:
1015:Eshed (2008)
1010:
999:Eshed (2008)
993:
981:
966:Joseph Navon
955:
950:
938:
929:
922:
915:Yaari (1958)
909:
896:
887:
878:
866:. Retrieved
857:
845:. Retrieved
841:
832:
820:. Retrieved
816:
807:
795:
780:Avneri (1984
775:
764:Avneri (1984
743:
738:
726:
717:
709:
704:
692:
680:
672:
668:
665:Sachar (2007
659:
652:Avneri (1984
650:and 1860 in
648:Adler (2008)
642:
629:
617:
608:
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590:
581:
566:
562:
558:
554:
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451:
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443:
441:
436:
432:
429:Israeli rock
420:
418:
401:
397:
392:
386:
373:
367:
363:
358:
351:
347:
342:
338:
333:
299:
284:
280:Yarkon River
276:
267:
263:
237:
219:founded the
210:
198:
159:
157:
152:Tzvi Shissel
95:Israeli rock
41:
18:
1665:Petah Tikva
1389:(in Hebrew)
1339:(in Hebrew)
1318:(in Hebrew)
1293:(in Hebrew)
943:Lang (2009)
902:Yaari (1958
800:Yaari (1958
768:Petah Tikva
752:Yaari (1958
561:canon, the
268:Petah Tikva
264:Petah Tikva
196:Petah Tikva
147:Producer(s)
133:Lyricist(s)
119:Composer(s)
1645:1970 songs
1639:Categories
1235:References
1052:NRG Online
573:References
520:ืืืืจ ืืขืืจื
507:only from
378:Yosef Lang
240:Old Yishuv
1531:web site.
173:romanized
42:Shablool
1529:Shironet
1515:Shironet
1316:Haโaretz
1169:Shironet
589:
533:
522:
511:โs poem
391:
374:Azrayike
372:
370:ืืืจืืืืงืข
81:Recorded
66:Released
48:Language
1615:. 2015.
1505:YouTube
1393:16 July
1314:].
1297:10 July
1253:10 June
868:17 July
847:17 July
822:17 July
748:malaria
744:Umlabes
591:moshava
585:Hebrew
433:Shablul
260:Jericho
256:Rehovot
229:Colonia
200:moshava
175::
73:1970-05
71: (
1606:Ballad
1584:Ballad
1563:Ballad
1546:Ballad
1521:Ballad
1467:
1448:
1429:
1410:
1370:
1356:Ballad
1351:Ballad
1343:8 July
1322:8 July
1274:
956:Ballad
710:Ballad
567:Ballad
563:Ballad
551:Ballad
547:Ballad
501:Ballad
493:Ballad
485:Ballad
480:Ballad
460:Ballad
456:Ballad
452:Ballad
444:Ballad
359:Ballad
308:, and
248:Hebron
244:dunams
164:Hebrew
101:Length
52:Hebrew
1574:(PDF)
1482:[
970:Jaffa
587:ืืืฉืื
287:Yehud
272:Achor
252:Ramla
246:near
233:Motza
225:Jaffa
90:Genre
1582:The
1465:ISBN
1446:ISBN
1427:ISBN
1408:ISBN
1395:2014
1368:ISBN
1345:2014
1324:2014
1299:2014
1272:ISBN
1255:2014
870:2014
849:2014
824:2014
671:and
478:The
419:The
357:The
291:Bilu
84:1969
30:Song
1503:on
559:SLI
555:SLI
539:SLI
162:" (
32:by
1641::
1625:.
1576:.
1555:.
1538:.
1246:.
1186:.
1167:.
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1144:.
1098:^
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235:.
170:,
166::
110:33
1629:.
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1435:.
1416:.
1397:.
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1301:.
1280:.
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1190:.
1160:.
1148:.
1110:.
1093:.
1081:.
958:(
945:.
917:.
872:.
851:.
826:.
611:.
158:"
108::
106:3
75:)
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