749:
211:
1084:
232:
27:
1054:
257:
1069:
1024:
1039:
748:
1099:
3872:
412:, and the other from the inside. Al-Sufi's reasoning for this was that ‘the beholder might be confused if he saw the figure on the globe differing from what he sees in the sky’, demonstrating the book's use as a teaching device. Persis Berkelamp argues that each paired constellation was drawn slightly differently to encourage students to study the manuscript closely.
397:(brightness) and their color. Notably, al-Sufi improved upon Ptolemy's system for measuring star brightness. Instead of two brightness categories (‘more bright’ and ‘less bright’), al-Sufi employed three: AṢghareh (‘less’), Akbareh (‘greater’), and A’ẓameh (‘much-greater’). Ihsan Hafez has recorded 132 stars in al-Sufi's work not mentioned by Ptolemy.
210:
835:
In this section, al-Sufi presents 2 different views/illustrations of the specified
Ptolemaic constellations: the constellation viewed in the sky from the ground and the constellation as viewed on top of a globe. The latter view can be explained by accounts of al-Sufi's drawing process, whereby the
295:
calculations correct for the year 964 only, the work remained highly influential, functioning as the standard text on Arabic astronomy to be consulted in all
Islamic territories and faithfully copied for many centuries after its production. Since it was only correct for the single year of 964, the
358:
also follows a trend of increased production of illustrated manuscripts, as it is one of the oldest surviving treatises of its kind. This is not to say that this text was the first illustrated manuscript ever created, as there are many illustrated fragments that have been found and studied, most
818:. Here, al-Sufi is often critical of Ptolemy for seemingly prioritising the constellation outline over the actual stars in a constellation grouping, with some stars being overlooked. In making these revisions, al-Sufi was able to determine the boundaries for each constellation's star grouping.
4104:
771:
In his introduction, al-Sufi dedicates the work to his patron 'Adud al-Dawla and outlines the sources he has used to write the book. These sources, including a number of treatises and objects which are now lost, serve as important indicators and records of the knowledge
248:, are visible in the rump and tail, but notice they occur as a mirror-image of what we actually see because Al Sufi provided two images of each constellation, one as we see it in the night sky and one as seen here on a celestial globe. The image is from the copy in the
371:. The increase in illustrated manuscripts is also related to the advent of paper in the Islamic world in the tenth century. The increased availability of paper, which was much cheaper than parchment, drove the production of books in the Islamic world.
4175:
3835:
869:
836:
author carefully fitted a thin sheet of paper on top of a celestial globe and then directly copied the constellation outlines and star positions from the engravings. The inclusion of this globe view of each constellation also suggests that the
843:
Although al-Sufi names several sources in his introduction which contributed to the book's illustrations, none of these treatises nor celestial globes survive. These illustrations represent another important departure from the
1572:
Hafez, Ihsan; Stephenson, F.; Orchiston, Wayne (2011). "The
Investigation of stars, star clusters and nebulae in Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi's Book of the Fixed Stars". In Green, David A.; Orchiston, Wayne; Strom, Richard (eds.).
4079:
1083:
877:
224:
1686:
Artistic
Aspects of Sultan Bayezid II’s Book Treasury Collection: Extant Volumes Preserved at the Topkapı Palace Museum Library (Treasures of Knowledge: An Inventory of the Ottoman Palace Library (1502/3-1503/4) (2
3910:
988:
The star nomenclature of the
Castilian version, and of an Italian translation made from Castilian, was critically edited by O. J. Tallgren, "Los nombres árabes de las estrelas y la transcripción alfonsina", in
826:
Al-Sufi continues his description of the specified constellation in terms of the Pre-Islamic
Bedouin constellations and star groupings, noting their positions and distance to the Ptolemaic constellation stars.
4049:
3957:
323:
sources to learn "methods for calculating the position of heavenly bodies, and for creating tables recording the movement of the sun, the moon, and the five known planets." In the context of this shift to
4083:
4032:
3961:
4244:
840:
was intended to be used by owners of celestial globes, and many surviving globes from the 13th and 14th
Centuries include statements attesting to the treatise as an influential source.
4091:
363:
fragments. The Fustat fragments are illustrated scraps of parchment that were found during excavations in Fustat, or Old Cairo. These fragments can be stylistically attributed to the
315:
to Arabic, "Islamic astronomers and astrologers concentrated on analyzing, criticizing, and perfecting the geometrical models of
Ptolemy". Medieval Islamic astronomers also drew from
2338:
231:
4111:
1877:
Savage-Smith, Emilie (2013). ""The Most
Authoritative Copy of ʿAbd Al- Rahman Al-Sufi's Tenth-Century Guide to the Constellations"". In Blair, Sheila; Bloom, Jonathan (eds.).
1852:
Savage-Smith, Emilie (2013). ""The Most
Authoritative Copy of ʿAbd Al- Rahman Al-Sufi's Tenth-Century Guide to the Constellations"". In Blair, Sheila; Bloom, Jonathan (eds.).
1799:
Savage-Smith, Emilie (2013). ""The Most Authoritative Copy of ʿAbd Al- Rahman Al-Sufi's Tenth-Century Guide to the Constellations"". In Blair, Sheila; Bloom, Jonathan (eds.).
1744:
Savage-Smith, Emilie (2013). ""The Most Authoritative Copy of ʿAbd Al- Rahman Al-Sufi's Tenth-Century Guide to the Constellations"". In Blair, Sheila; Bloom, Jonathan (eds.).
1716:
Savage-Smith, Emilie (2013). ""The Most Authoritative Copy of ʿAbd Al- Rahman Al-Sufi's Tenth-Century Guide to the Constellations"". In Blair, Sheila; Bloom, Jonathan (eds.).
1399:
Savage-Smith, Emilie (2013). ""The Most Authoritative Copy of ʿAbd Al- Rahman Al-Sufi's Tenth-Century Guide to the Constellations"". In Blair, Sheila; Bloom, Jonathan (eds.).
4249:
2672:
1576:
New Insights From Recent Studies in Historical Astronomy: Following in the Footsteps of F. Richard Stephenson A Meeting to Honor F. Richard Stephenson on His 70th Birthday
347:
so that they may pray in the right direction, and to also be able to determine the correct times for prayer. In addition to the daily requirements, during the festival of
4020:
3965:
2490:
4087:
2399:
876:, with a date of 1009 CE, and allegedly the work of the author's son, but this is now disputed, and has been re-dated to the end of the 12th century. Manuscript
3949:
3953:
3945:
3884:
3736:
2465:
4234:
3774:
1374:(2013). ""The Most Authoritative Copy of ʿAbd Al- Rahman Al-Sufi's Tenth-Century Guide to the Constellations"". In Blair, Sheila; Bloom, Jonathan (eds.).
3923:
1297:
The 1009 CE date is challenged by Soudavar 1999, who claimed that the colophon is a later addition. He suggests an early 13th century date instead. See
26:
4239:
3616:
2331:
1591:
3610:
3389:
3240:
2347:
2086:
Highlighting the history of astronomy in the Asia-Pacific region: proceedings of the ICOA-6 conference. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings
4044:
3144:
343:
The interest in cataloging the stars also stems from the nature of worship in Islam. The religion requires that its members are able to locate
340:(the first of its kind), and some of the earliest surviving examples of visual documentation of celestial bodies observable by the naked eye.
198:, however, the importance of tradition and the practice of diligence central to Islamic manuscript tradition have ensured the survival of the
4170:
4123:
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2915:
2158:
2093:
1944:
1833:
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1510:
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1436:
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1310:
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1201:
982:
Facsimile edition of the Persian translation by Naṣīr-al-dīn Ṭūsī (Ayasofya 2595, autograph, from Uluḡ Beg's library), Tehran, 1348 Š./1969.
3917:
2324:
2986:
2869:
4127:
3849:
2311:
Painting the Stars in a Century of Change: A thirteenth-century copy of al-Sufi's "Treatise on the Fixed Stars" - British Library Or.5323
3690:
2814:
810:
Each chapter begins with a description of the specified constellation and the stars that make up each grouping, thus departing from the
3980:
3052:
161:
2025:
1969:
1886:
1861:
1808:
1753:
1725:
1408:
1383:
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was intended to serve a broader educational purpose, rather than being concerned with the mathematical technicalities of astronomy.
4013:
3729:
2291:
3016:
3006:
1068:
1023:
887:(Or. 5323). Its has the earliest known descriptions and illustrations of what he called "a little cloud", which is actually the
307:
is representative of the concerns of Islamic scholars during the late-9th to 11th centuries, where following the translation of
4254:
868:
The work was highly influential and survives in numerous manuscripts and translations. The oldest manuscript was thought to be
2874:
1038:
351:
they must also know the moments of sunrise and sunset for fasting, and the location of the moon for the start of each month.
2809:
2829:
2414:
1617:
2925:
4056:
2404:
3753:
2950:
3042:
2308:
2296:
Slides and audio recording from a presentation on the book, with images and quotations from many different manuscripts.
1551:
Bloom, Jonathan M. "The Introduction of Paper to the Islamic Lands and the Development of the Illustrated Manuscript."
918:
but this seems to be a misunderstanding of a reference to some stars south of Canopus which he admits he has not seen.
3898:
3722:
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3484:
3358:
573:
36:
2591:
2480:
2859:
2849:
2470:
2360:
2223:
2017:
585:
367:(969-1171), therefore dating the existence of astronomical illustrations to many years before the creation of the
219:(Kitāb suwar al-kawākib al-ṯābita), by ‛Abd al-Rahman ibn ‛Umar al-Ṣūfī, dated 1125 CE, Baghdad (controled by the
4038:
3126:
2930:
2707:
1090:
715:
612:
590:
899:
astronomers, very probably before 905, and al-Sufi attributes their discoveries in the text. This was the first
2940:
2834:
2475:
1098:
607:
556:
534:
476:
2712:
2435:
1530:
Hoffman, Eva R. "The Beginnings of the Illustrated Arabic Book: An Intersection between Art and Scholarship".
3994:
3659:
2945:
2894:
2556:
2546:
2485:
2281:
Book of the Constellations of the Fixed Stars and its Influence on Islamic and Western Celestial Cartography
856:
The book includes a comprehensive catalogue of the individual stars, modified and extended from that of the
693:
602:
483:
325:
332:
set in motion by the translation movement, and with al-Sufi himself being an observational astronomer, the
256:
3363:
3323:
3137:
3078:
3037:
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2844:
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1075:
1045:
1030:
911:
668:
624:
619:
595:
578:
568:
488:
471:
454:
195:
1319:
969:, St. Petersburg, 1874. Complete French translation from two late mss., with selected portions in Arabic.
4027:
3630:
3424:
3338:
3011:
2824:
2793:
2738:
2526:
2169:
The Arabs and the Stars: Texts and Traditions on the Fixed Stars, and Their Influence in Medieval Europe
1592:"An Early al-Sufi Manuscript in the Bodleian Library in Oxford: A Study in Islamic Constellation Images"
1140:
1060:
629:
561:
539:
522:
493:
466:
459:
437:
329:
260:
168:, the common language for scholars across the vast Islamic territories, although the author himself was
157:
48:
3973:
3879:
802:, with a chapter dedicated to each individual constellation. Each chapter is split into 4 subsections.
4118:
3842:
3649:
3623:
3464:
3434:
2839:
2819:
2510:
2409:
2394:
2259:
Liber locis stellarum fixarum, 964, manoscritto del 1417 riprodotto il 1730 in www.atlascoelestis.com
937:
933:
3745:
3590:
3429:
3409:
3343:
3328:
3199:
3158:
2879:
2854:
2541:
2505:
2460:
1371:
1136:
964:
784:
779:) production at the time. For instance, the introduction lists the names of 3 authors (Ibn Kunasa,
647:
505:
337:
215:
4196:
4152:
4145:
3654:
3595:
3273:
3083:
2636:
2430:
2268:
1915:
1645:
1238:
1174:
394:
308:
4008:
3225:
2884:
4074:
3987:
3940:
3891:
3867:
3685:
3680:
3554:
3414:
3073:
2955:
2889:
2601:
2154:
2089:
2081:
2021:
1965:
1940:
1934:
1882:
1857:
1829:
1804:
1774:
1749:
1721:
1637:
1506:
1457:
1432:
1404:
1379:
1346:
1340:
1306:
1278:
1272:
1197:
985:
Critical edition of Ṭūsī's translation by Sayyed Moʿezz-al-dīn Mahdavī, Tehran, 1351 Š./1972.
408:
by constellation. For each constellation, he provided two drawings, one from the outside of a
364:
288:
112:
2976:
2278:
2148:
1300:
4201:
3695:
3664:
3539:
3529:
3459:
3318:
3278:
3263:
3186:
3151:
3131:
2996:
2981:
2702:
2551:
2440:
1690:
1629:
1230:
1219:"The Beginnings of the Illustrated Arabic Book: An Intersection between Art and Scholarship"
1166:
1155:"The Beginnings of the Illustrated Arabic Book: An Intersection between Art and Scholarship"
944:
888:
873:
787:) and their treatises concerning pre-Islamic Bedouin traditions, all of which are now lost.
780:
675:
661:
264:
249:
814:
and its concern for describing the iconographical origins of each constellation outline in
4001:
3600:
3534:
3298:
3253:
2783:
2657:
2626:
2561:
2389:
2316:
1986:
922:
884:
815:
517:
409:
165:
134:
2616:
2576:
2258:
2253:
4206:
3444:
3419:
3205:
3068:
2722:
2697:
2682:
2667:
2631:
2500:
2147:
Canby, Sheila R.; Beyazit, Deniz; Rugiadi, Martina; Peacock, A. C. S. (27 April 2016).
896:
320:
312:
169:
956:
Text and French translation of Ṣūfī's introduction by J. J. A. Caussin de Perceval in
4228:
3564:
3474:
3348:
3218:
3211:
2910:
2778:
2753:
2692:
2195:
J. Upton, "A Manuscript of “The Book of the Fixed Stars” by ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān aṣ-Ṣūfī",
1649:
1574:
1483:
892:
405:
284:
220:
183:
2284:- includes a detailed bibliography and a list of all known manuscripts of al-Ṣūfī's
2263:
379:
The book was thoroughly illustrated along with observations and descriptions of the
4259:
3394:
3288:
3001:
2935:
2788:
2531:
2495:
925:
904:
773:
2273:
172:. It was an attempt to create a synthesis of the comprehensive star catalogue in
4212:
3569:
3559:
3524:
3333:
3313:
3192:
3032:
2768:
2717:
2677:
2445:
2236:
2125:
Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi and his book of the fixed stars: a journey of re-discovery
2110:
Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi and his book of the fixed stars: a journey of re-discovery
2082:"Άbdul-Ramān al-Şūfī and his Book of the Fixed Stars: a journey of re-discovery"
2040:
1666:
Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi and his book of the fixed stars: a journey of re-discovery
1009:
Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi and his book of the fixed stars: a journey of re-discovery
527:
510:
182:(books VII and VIII) with the indigenous Arabic astronomical traditions on the
3514:
3504:
3494:
3399:
3379:
3303:
2971:
2920:
2758:
2748:
2586:
2581:
2566:
1694:
1633:
726:
544:
449:
432:
390:
241:
235:
191:
1641:
1002:
I libri astronomici di Alfonso X in una versione fiorentina del trecento
336:
comprises an important organisation and revision of classical knowledge from
3549:
3489:
3268:
3047:
2991:
2662:
2596:
2571:
2455:
2060:
1105:
929:
682:
636:
292:
280:
153:
76:
3790:
2123:
2109:
1664:
1008:
500:
1936:
Astronomical Knowledge Transmission Through Illustrated Aratea Manuscripts
1826:
Astronomical Knowledge Transmission Through Illustrated Aratea Manuscripts
1771:
Astronomical Knowledge Transmission Through Illustrated Aratea Manuscripts
1503:
Astronomical Knowledge Transmission Through Illustrated Aratea Manuscripts
1454:
Astronomical Knowledge Transmission Through Illustrated Aratea Manuscripts
1429:
Astronomical Knowledge Transmission Through Illustrated Aratea Manuscripts
1342:
Astronomical Knowledge Transmission Through Illustrated Aratea Manuscripts
1274:
Astronomical Knowledge Transmission Through Illustrated Aratea Manuscripts
1194:
Astronomical Knowledge Transmission Through Illustrated Aratea Manuscripts
979:
of Ebn al-Ṣūfī, Hyderabad, India, 1954 (introduction by H. J. J. Winter).
3768:
3574:
3544:
3509:
3499:
3439:
3258:
2773:
2743:
2687:
2621:
2611:
2536:
2450:
704:
385:
316:
272:
178:
1919:
1903:
1879:
God Is Beautiful and Loves Beauty: the object in Islamic art and culture
1854:
God Is Beautiful and Loves Beauty: the object in Islamic art and culture
1801:
God Is Beautiful and Loves Beauty: the object in Islamic art and culture
1746:
God Is Beautiful and Loves Beauty: the object in Islamic art and culture
1718:
God Is Beautiful and Loves Beauty: the object in Islamic art and culture
1401:
God Is Beautiful and Loves Beauty: the object in Islamic art and culture
1376:
God Is Beautiful and Loves Beauty: the object in Islamic art and culture
3479:
3469:
3404:
3353:
3293:
3283:
3248:
2606:
2304:(Kitāb suwar al-kawākib al-ṯābita) by ‛Abd al-Rahman ibn ‛Umar al-Ṣūfī.
1904:"Al-Sufi And Son: Ibn Al-Sufi'S Poem On The Stars And Its Prose Parent"
1539:
1242:
1218:
1178:
1154:
761:
753:
654:
640:
348:
245:
173:
1125:
932:, a cluster now variously known as Al-Sufi's Cluster, the "Coathanger
3823:
3805:
3714:
3454:
3449:
900:
764:
360:
276:
1234:
1170:
891:. He mentions it as lying before the mouth of a Big Fish, an Arabic
2241:
880:
in the Doha Museum is now considered the oldest, dated to 1125 CE.
3519:
3384:
3308:
747:
442:
344:
255:
230:
209:
1555:
17 (2000): 17-23. Accessed October 25, 2020. doi:10.2307/1523287.
2299:
551:
380:
3718:
3104:
2358:
2320:
2080:
Hafez, Ihsan; Stephenson, F. Richard; Orchiston, Wayne (2011).
1302:
Arab Painting: Text and Image in Illustrated Arabic Manuscripts
3177:
1828:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 174–175.
1505:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 167–179.
1456:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 166–171.
928:
as a "nebulous star", and an additional "nebulous object" in
1847:
1845:
389:
with the longitudes increased by 12° 42' to account for the
910:
It has been claimed that the first recorded mention of the
267:, end of 12th century CE. (Bodleian Library MS. Marsh 144).
252:, end of 12th century CE. (Bodleian Library MS. Marsh 144).
1255:
798:
follows the 48 Ptolemaic constellations described in the
1773:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. p. 173.
1431:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. p. 172.
1196:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. p. 172.
2264:
Pergamenthandschrift M II 141 in www.atlascoelestis.com
2209:
H. J. J. Winter, "Notes on al-Kitab Suwar Al-Kawakib",
1484:"Astronomy and Astrology in the Medieval Islamic World"
966:
Description des étoiles fixes par Abd-al-Rahman al-Sûfi
31:
Two pages from an Iraqi 12th-century manuscript of the
2183:
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländische Gesellschaft
1881:. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 128–134.
1856:. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 134–135.
1748:. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 132–133.
993:
II, Madrid, 1925, with 'Correcciones y adiciones' in
4112:
The Wonders of Creatures and the Marvels of Creation
895:. This "cloud" was apparently commonly known to the
142:
4189:
4162:
4137:
4066:
3932:
3859:
3815:
3797:
3784:
3761:
3752:
3673:
3642:
3583:
3372:
3239:
3175:
3115:
3061:
3025:
2964:
2903:
2802:
2731:
2650:
2519:
2423:
2382:
947:in 1874 and partially into English by Ihsan Hafez.
118:
108:
98:
90:
82:
72:
64:
54:
44:
1333:
1331:
1803:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 133.
1720:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 132.
1403:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 128.
1378:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 147.
1007:Partial English translation; Hafez, Ihsan (2010)
1000:The Italian translation was edited by P. Knecht,
4245:Astronomical works of the medieval Islamic world
2293:Forgotten History: Al-Sufi's Book Of Fixed Stars
2211:Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Sciences
975:, edited from five mss., and accompanied by the
186:(notably the Arabic constellation system of the
2041:"Observatoire de Paris (Abd-al-Rahman Al Sufi)"
860:, and including revised star magnitude values.
223:from 1055 to 1135). Doha Museum of Islamic Art
164:in the 9th century AD, the book was written in
2150:Court and Cosmos: The Great Age of the Seljuqs
1960:Kepple, George Robert; Glen W. Sanner (1998).
227:. Now thought to be the oldest surviving copy.
3730:
2332:
8:
1622:International Journal of Middle East Studies
1126:
943:The book has been translated into French by
19:
3758:
3737:
3723:
3715:
3119:
3112:
3101:
2368:
2355:
2339:
2325:
2317:
1266:
1264:
1133:Book of the constellations, or fixed stars
883:There is a thirteenth-century copy in the
848:which does not include any illustrations.
25:
18:
16:Astronomical text by Abd-al-Rahman Al Sufi
4250:Scientific works of the Abbasid Caliphate
1337:Re-dated to the end of the 12th century.
383:, their positions (copied from Ptolemy's
2192:, XIII, New York, 1976, pp. 149–50.
2088:. New York: Springer. pp. 121–138.
2007:
2005:
1962:The Night Sky Observer's Guide, Volume 1
414:
263:, also as a mirror image. Copy from the
2348:Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world
1118:
1019:
416:A list of the Constellations featured:
4045:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
3145:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
2491:Khalid ibn Abd al‐Malik al‐Marwarrudhi
1794:
1792:
1790:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1422:
1420:
4171:The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries
4100:The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries
3166:The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries
1739:
1737:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
7:
3918:Book of the Ten Treatises of the Eye
2112:. PhD thesis, James Cook University.
1540:https://www.jstor.org/stable/1523289
1366:
1364:
1362:
1011:. PhD thesis, James Cook University.
2254:Ulugh Beg in www.atlascoelestis.com
2014:Messier's nebulae and star clusters
1579:. Springer Press. pp. 143–168.
1127:
903:to be observed, as distinct from a
400:Al-Sufi's results, as in Ptolemy's
275:was written in the Persian city of
240:. The familiar seven stars of the "
4235:10th-century Arabic-language books
2190:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
1964:. Willmann-Bell, Inc. p. 18.
1618:"Visible Art, Invisible Knowledge"
958:Notices et extraits des manuscrits
14:
2204:An Islamic Book of Constellations
2178:, Wiesbaden, 1959, pp. 230f.
4240:Astronomical catalogues of stars
2181:Paul Kunitzsch, "Ṣūfī Latinus",
1933:Dolan, Marion (22 August 2017).
1339:Dolan, Marion (22 August 2017).
1299:Contadini, Anna (15 July 2010).
1271:Dolan, Marion (22 August 2017).
1097:
1082:
1067:
1052:
1037:
1022:
973:Ketāb ṣowar al-kawākeb al-ṯābeta
960:XII, Paris, 1831, pp. 236f.
822:Indigenous Arabic constellations
138:
2870:Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al‐Farisi
2269:A page about Muslim Astronomers
1684:Atbaş, Zeynep (1 August 2019).
921:He probably also cataloged the
160:(Azophi) around 964. Following
150:The Book of the Shapes of Stars
3359:Schema for horizontal sundials
2875:Abu Ali al-Hasan al-Marrakushi
2400:Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī
2188:Paul Kunitzsch, "Al-Ṣūfī" in:
2176:Arabische Sternnamen in Europa
2153:. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
1988:Star Tales – al-Sufi's nebulae
1939:. Springer. pp. 176–179.
1616:Berlekamp, Persis (Aug 2013).
1482:Sardar, Marika (August 2011).
1345:. Springer. pp. 176–178.
1321:Chapter 7, date and provenance
1277:. Springer. pp. 178–179.
59:صور الكواكب الثمانية والأربعين
1:
4021:Risālat al-Ṣūfī fī al-kawākib
2122:Hafez, Ishan (October 2010).
2084:. In Orchiston, Wayne (ed.).
2061:"Observatoire de Paris (LMC)"
1663:Hafez, Ihsan (October 2010).
1305:. BRILL. p. 66, note 6.
995:Revista de filología española
3617:Constantinople (Taqi al-Din)
2226:Suwar al-Kawakib al-Thabitah
2185:, 115, 1965, pp. 65–74.
1534:, vol. 17, 2000, pp. 37–52.
991:Homenaje a R. Menéndez Pidal
291:. Although al-Sufi made his
3789:Earliest known illuminated
3606:University of al-Qarawiyyin
2810:Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi
2213:, 8, 1955, pp. 126–33.
2199:, 4, 1933, pp. 179–97.
2197:Metropolitan Museum Studies
2012:Kenneth Glyn Jones (1991),
1699:Manuscript "Ahmet III 3493"
1689:. Brill. pp. 161–211.
143:
37:Museum of Islamic Art, Doha
4276:
3850:The Speech of Wild Animals
2850:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi
2018:Cambridge University Press
1488:Metropolitan Museum of Art
767:, 1131 CE (TSMK, A. 3493).
3691:Medieval European science
3122:
3111:
3100:
2951:Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar
2708:Ibrahim ibn Said al-Sahli
2371:
2367:
2354:
2171:(Variorum Reprint, Cs307)
1695:10.1163/9789004402508_005
1634:10.1017/S0020743813000482
752:"Sign of Sagittarius" by
194:no longer survives as an
94:Various (modern editions)
24:
2941:Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri
2835:Muhyi al-Din al-Maghribi
2476:Ali ibn Isa al-Asturlabi
2274:Al-Sufi's constellations
1542:. Accessed 17 Oct. 2020.
1217:Hoffman, Eva R. (2000).
1153:Hoffman, Eva R. (2000).
806:Ptolemaic constellations
427:Southern Constellations
421:Northern constellations
162:the translation movement
20:The Book of Fixed Stars
3906:The Book of Fixed Stars
3831:The Book of Fixed Stars
3043:Baha' al-din al-'Amili
3017:'Abd al-'Aziz al-Wafa'i
2895:Fakhr al-Din al-Akhlati
2815:Ibn al‐Ha'im al‐Ishbili
2286:Book of the Fixed Stars
2248:Book of the Fixed Stars
997:12, 1925, pp. 52f.
796:The Book of Fixed Stars
758:The Book of Fixed Stars
130:The Book of Fixed Stars
4255:Classical star atlases
3324:Navigational astrolabe
3079:Al Achsasi al Mouakket
2845:Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
2764:Al-Samawal al-Maghribi
2713:Ibn Mu'adh al-Jayyani
2642:Abu al-Hasan al-Ahwazi
1824:Dolan, Marion (2017).
1769:Dolan, Marion (2017).
1590:Wellesz, Emmy (1959).
1501:Dolan, Marion (2017).
1452:Dolan, Marion (2017).
1427:Dolan, Marion (2017).
1324:. p. 148, note 4.
1258:, p. 196, Fig.78.
1192:Dolan, Marion (2017).
963:H.C.F.C. Schjellerup,
912:Large Magellanic Cloud
785:Abu Hanifa al-Dinawari
768:
268:
253:
228:
202:in later-made copies.
144:kitāb suwar al-kawākib
4028:Hadith Bayad wa Riyad
3981:Kitāb naʿt al-ḥayawān
3660:Hellenistic astronomy
3631:Samarkand (Ulugh Beg)
3425:Deferent and epicycle
2825:Alam al-Din al-Hanafi
2794:Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi
2436:Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi
2246:. 1730) of al-Sufi's
2130:James Cook University
1671:James Cook University
1141:World Digital Library
751:
330:theoretical astronomy
259:
234:
213:
158:Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi
49:Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi
4057:Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
3843:Timbuktu Manuscripts
3650:Babylonian astronomy
3465:Gravitational energy
2840:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
2830:Najm al‐Din al‐Misri
2511:Yahya ibn Abi Mansur
2410:Mashallah ibn Athari
2395:Al-Fadl ibn Naubakht
2237:Biography of Al Sufi
2132:(phd). pp. 2–4.
2108:Hafez, Ihsan (2010)
1902:Carey, Moya (2009).
1673:(phd). pp. 2–4.
1372:Savage-Smith, Emilie
838:Books of Fixed Stars
3775:Letters by Muhammad
3591:Al-Azhar University
3410:Celestial mechanics
3200:Book of Fixed Stars
3159:The Book of Healing
3138:Aja'ib al-Makhluqat
2880:Ibn Ishaq al-Tunisi
2855:Zakariya al-Qazwini
2466:Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf
2461:Abu Hanifa Dinawari
2302:Book of Fixed Stars
2300:Illustrations from
2230:Book of fixed Stars
1137:Library of Congress
916:Book of Fixed Stars
417:
369:Book of Fixed Stars
356:Book of Fixed Stars
334:Book of Fixed Stars
305:Book of Fixed Stars
298:Book of Fixed Stars
216:Book of Fixed Stars
55:Original title
33:Book of Fixed Stars
21:
4197:Arabic calligraphy
4153:Galland Manuscript
4146:Bijapur Collection
3746:Arabic manuscripts
3655:Egyptian astronomy
3596:House of Knowledge
3274:Astronomical clock
3084:Muhammad al-Rudani
2481:Banū Mūsā brothers
2431:Abu Ali al-Khayyat
1922:– via JSTOR.
1245:– via JSTOR.
1181:– via JSTOR.
1004:, Saragossa, 1965.
940:or Collinder 399.
769:
415:
269:
254:
229:
206:Historical context
4222:
4221:
4185:
4184:
4119:Jami' al-tawarikh
4075:Maqamat al-Hariri
3988:De materia medica
3941:Maqamat al-Hariri
3924:MS Huntington 264
3892:De materia medica
3868:Maqamat al-Hariri
3712:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3686:Chinese astronomy
3681:Byzantine science
3555:Temporal finitism
3485:Islamic cosmology
3415:Celestial spheres
3235:
3234:
3127:Arabic star names
3096:
3095:
3092:
3091:
2956:Fathullah Shirazi
2890:Al-Ashraf Umar II
2602:Ibrahim ibn Sinan
2405:Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī
2224:Bodleian copy of
2160:978-1-58839-589-4
2095:978-1-4419-8161-5
1946:978-3-319-56784-6
1835:978-3-319-56784-6
1780:978-3-319-56784-6
1512:978-3-319-56784-6
1463:978-3-319-56784-6
1438:978-3-319-56784-6
1352:978-3-319-56784-6
1312:978-90-04-23661-5
1284:978-3-319-56784-6
1256:Canby et al. 2016
1203:978-3-319-56784-6
938:Brocchi's Cluster
914:was given in the
736:
735:
126:
125:
122:Manuscript, Print
113:Abbasid Caliphate
109:Publication place
4267:
4202:Arabic miniature
4050:Esad Efendi 3636
3995:Kitāb al-bayṭara
3958:Esad Efendi 2961
3759:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3716:
3696:Indian astronomy
3665:Indian astronomy
3633:
3626:
3619:
3540:Sublunary sphere
3530:Specific gravity
3430:Earth's rotation
3319:Mural instrument
3264:Armillary sphere
3187:Alfonsine tables
3152:Tabula Rogeriana
3132:Islamic calendar
3120:
3113:
3102:
2997:Sibt al-Maridini
2982:Jamshid al-Kashi
2703:Said al-Andalusi
2506:Thābit ibn Qurra
2441:Abu Said Gorgani
2415:Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq
2369:
2356:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2318:
2174:Paul Kunitzsch,
2167:Paul Kunitzsch,
2164:
2134:
2133:
2119:
2113:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2009:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1991:. Online edition
1982:
1976:
1975:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1849:
1840:
1839:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1796:
1785:
1784:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1741:
1732:
1731:
1713:
1700:
1698:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1596:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1569:
1556:
1549:
1543:
1528:
1517:
1516:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1479:
1468:
1467:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1424:
1415:
1414:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1368:
1357:
1356:
1335:
1326:
1325:
1316:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1268:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1150:
1144:
1130:
1129:
1123:
1101:
1086:
1071:
1056:
1041:
1026:
945:Hans Schjellerup
889:Andromeda Galaxy
874:Bodleian Library
676:Piscis Austrinus
662:Corona Australis
418:
265:Bodleian Library
250:Bodleian Library
190:). The original
156:text written by
146:
139:كتاب صور الكواكب
100:Publication date
29:
22:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4181:
4158:
4133:
4095:
4062:
4009:Kalīla wa-Dimna
4002:Kitab al-Aghani
3974:Kitāb al-Diryāq
3969:
3928:
3880:Kitāb al-Diryāq
3855:
3811:
3793:
3780:
3748:
3743:
3713:
3700:
3669:
3638:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3601:House of Wisdom
3579:
3535:Spherical Earth
3368:
3299:Equatorial ring
3279:Celestial globe
3254:Analog computer
3231:
3226:Sullam al-sama'
3171:
3107:
3088:
3057:
3021:
2960:
2899:
2798:
2784:Jabir ibn Aflah
2727:
2658:Abu Nasr Mansur
2646:
2627:Abolfadl Harawi
2562:Ahmad ibn Yusuf
2515:
2419:
2390:Ahmad Nahavandi
2378:
2363:
2350:
2345:
2220:
2206:, Oxford, 1965.
2161:
2146:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1994:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1889:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1864:
1851:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1798:
1797:
1788:
1781:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1756:
1743:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1715:
1714:
1703:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1571:
1570:
1559:
1550:
1546:
1529:
1520:
1513:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1481:
1480:
1471:
1464:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1426:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1386:
1370:
1369:
1360:
1353:
1338:
1336:
1329:
1318:
1313:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1254:
1250:
1235:10.2307/1523289
1216:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1171:10.2307/1523289
1152:
1151:
1147:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1108:
1102:
1093:
1087:
1078:
1072:
1063:
1057:
1048:
1042:
1033:
1027:
1018:
953:
923:Omicron Velorum
885:British Library
866:
854:
833:
824:
816:Greek mythology
808:
793:
746:
741:
518:Corona Borealis
410:celestial globe
404:, were set out
377:
244:", recorded by
208:
119:Media type
101:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4273:
4271:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4227:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4209:
4207:Baghdad School
4204:
4199:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4149:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4115:
4108:
4096:
4080:Or. Add. 22114
4070:
4068:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4053:
4041:
4036:
4033:Vat. Arabo 368
4024:
4017:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3914:
3902:
3899:Kitāb-al-Daraj
3895:
3888:
3876:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3827:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3794:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3771:
3765:
3763:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3719:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3445:Elliptic orbit
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3420:Circular orbit
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3206:Toledan Tables
3203:
3196:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3069:Yang Guangxian
3065:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2723:Ali ibn Khalaf
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2698:Kushyar Gilani
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2668:Ali ibn Ridwan
2665:
2660:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2632:Haseb-i Tabari
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2501:Sahl ibn Bishr
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2306:
2297:
2289:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2239:
2234:
2219:
2218:External links
2216:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2159:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2114:
2101:
2094:
2072:
2052:
2032:
2026:
2001:
1985:Ridpath, Ian.
1977:
1970:
1952:
1945:
1925:
1894:
1887:
1869:
1862:
1841:
1834:
1816:
1809:
1786:
1779:
1761:
1754:
1733:
1726:
1701:
1676:
1655:
1628:(3): 563–565.
1608:
1599:Ars Orientalis
1582:
1557:
1544:
1518:
1511:
1493:
1469:
1462:
1444:
1437:
1416:
1409:
1391:
1384:
1358:
1351:
1327:
1311:
1290:
1283:
1260:
1248:
1209:
1202:
1184:
1145:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1104:Constellation
1103:
1096:
1094:
1089:Constellation
1088:
1081:
1079:
1074:Constellation
1073:
1066:
1064:
1059:Constellation
1058:
1051:
1049:
1044:Constellation
1043:
1036:
1034:
1029:Constellation
1028:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1005:
998:
986:
983:
980:
970:
961:
952:
949:
865:
862:
853:
852:Star Catalogue
850:
832:
829:
823:
820:
807:
804:
792:
789:
745:
742:
740:
737:
734:
733:
731:
729:
723:
722:
720:
718:
712:
711:
709:
707:
701:
700:
698:
696:
690:
689:
687:
685:
679:
678:
673:
671:
665:
664:
659:
657:
651:
650:
645:
643:
633:
632:
627:
622:
616:
615:
610:
605:
599:
598:
593:
588:
582:
581:
576:
571:
565:
564:
559:
554:
548:
547:
542:
537:
531:
530:
525:
520:
514:
513:
508:
503:
497:
496:
491:
486:
480:
479:
474:
469:
463:
462:
457:
452:
446:
445:
440:
435:
429:
428:
425:
422:
376:
373:
365:Fatimid period
321:Middle Persian
289:‘Adud al-Dawla
237:The Great Bear
207:
204:
184:constellations
124:
123:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4272:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4177:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4109:
4106:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3911:TSMK, A. 3493
3908:
3907:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3787:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3740:
3735:
3733:
3728:
3726:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3611:Observatories
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3565:Triangulation
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3475:Heliocentrism
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3349:Shadow square
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3219:Zij-i Sultani
3216:
3214:
3213:
3212:Zij-i Ilkhani
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3103:
3099:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2987:Kadızade Rumi
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2911:Ibn al-Shatir
2909:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2885:Ibn al‐Raqqam
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2779:Ibn al-Kammad
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2693:Ibn al-Saffar
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2342:
2337:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2097:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2073:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2027:0-521-37079-5
2023:
2020:, p. 1,
2019:
2015:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1990:
1989:
1981:
1978:
1973:
1971:0-943396-58-1
1967:
1963:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1929:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1895:
1890:
1888:9780300196665
1884:
1880:
1873:
1870:
1865:
1863:9780300196665
1859:
1855:
1848:
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1810:9780300196665
1806:
1802:
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1762:
1757:
1755:9780300196665
1751:
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1740:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1727:9780300196665
1723:
1719:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1659:
1656:
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1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1612:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1410:9780300196665
1406:
1402:
1395:
1392:
1387:
1385:9780300196665
1381:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1314:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1294:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1195:
1188:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1122:
1119:
1112:
1107:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1085:
1080:
1077:
1070:
1065:
1062:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1006:
1003:
999:
996:
992:
987:
984:
981:
978:
974:
971:
968:
967:
962:
959:
955:
954:
950:
948:
946:
941:
939:
935:
931:
927:
924:
919:
917:
913:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
893:constellation
890:
886:
881:
879:
875:
871:
870:MS. Marsh 144
863:
861:
859:
851:
849:
847:
841:
839:
831:Illustrations
830:
828:
821:
819:
817:
813:
805:
803:
801:
797:
790:
788:
786:
782:
781:Ibn al-'Arabi
778:
777:
766:
763:
759:
755:
750:
743:
738:
732:
730:
728:
725:
724:
721:
719:
717:
714:
713:
710:
708:
706:
703:
702:
699:
697:
695:
692:
691:
688:
686:
684:
681:
680:
677:
674:
672:
670:
667:
666:
663:
660:
658:
656:
653:
652:
649:
646:
644:
642:
638:
635:
634:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
617:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
600:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
583:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
566:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
549:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
532:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
498:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
481:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
464:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
447:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
430:
426:
423:
420:
419:
413:
411:
407:
406:constellation
403:
398:
396:
392:
388:
387:
382:
374:
372:
370:
366:
362:
357:
352:
350:
346:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
326:observational
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
301:
299:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
266:
262:
258:
251:
247:
243:
239:
238:
233:
226:
222:
218:
217:
212:
205:
203:
201:
200:Book of Stars
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
145:
140:
136:
132:
131:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
103:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
38:
34:
28:
23:
4211:
4169:
4163:17th century
4151:
4144:
4138:15th century
4117:
4110:
4098:
4073:
4067:14th century
4055:
4043:
4026:
4019:
4007:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3939:
3933:13th century
3916:
3905:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3878:
3866:
3860:12th century
3848:
3841:
3830:
3829:
3822:
3816:11th century
3804:
3798:10th century
3773:
3584:Institutions
3435:Eccentricity
3395:Astrophysics
3289:Compass rose
3224:
3217:
3210:
3198:
3191:
3176:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3002:Ibn al-Majdi
2977:Abd al‐Wajid
2936:Al-Wabkanawi
2931:Abū al‐ʿUqūl
2820:Jamal ad-Din
2789:Omar Khayyam
2617:Al-ʻIjliyyah
2592:Aṣ-Ṣaidanānī
2577:Ibn al-A'lam
2496:Al-Khwarizmi
2310:
2309:Moya Carey,
2301:
2292:
2285:
2280:
2247:
2243:
2242:Copy (dated
2229:
2225:
2210:
2203:
2202:E. Wellesz,
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2149:
2129:
2124:
2117:
2104:
2085:
2075:
2064:. Retrieved
2055:
2044:. Retrieved
2035:
2013:
1993:. Retrieved
1987:
1980:
1961:
1955:
1935:
1928:
1911:
1907:
1897:
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1770:
1764:
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1679:
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942:
926:star cluster
920:
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909:
905:star cluster
882:
867:
857:
855:
845:
842:
837:
834:
825:
811:
809:
799:
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744:Introduction
401:
399:
384:
378:
368:
359:notably the
355:
353:
342:
333:
304:
302:
297:
293:longitudinal
270:
236:
214:
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187:
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154:astronomical
149:
148:, literally
141:
129:
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127:
58:
32:
3785:9th century
3762:7th century
3754:Manuscripts
3570:Tusi couple
3560:Trepidation
3525:Salah times
3460:Geocentrism
3334:Planisphere
3314:Graph paper
3241:Instruments
3193:Huihui Lifa
3074:Ehmedê Xanî
3033:Al-Birjandi
3012:al-Kubunani
2769:Abu al-Salt
2718:Al-Isfizari
2678:Ibn al-Samh
2557:Abu al-Wafa
2542:al-Khojandi
2446:Al-Farghani
2361:Astronomers
1128:صور الكواكب
739:Composition
574:Sagittarius
528:Canis Minor
511:Canis Major
311:texts from
309:Hellenistic
86:Non-fiction
4229:Categories
4176:Arabe 1489
4014:Arabe 3465
3954:Arabe 5847
3950:Arabe 6094
3946:Arabe 3929
3885:Arabe 2964
3873:Arabe 3924
3674:Influenced
3643:Influences
3515:Precession
3495:Multiverse
3400:Axial tilt
3380:Almucantar
3364:Triquetrum
3304:Equatorium
3053:Takiyüddin
2926:al-Battiwi
2921:Ibn Shuayb
2916:Al-Khalili
2759:Al-Khazini
2754:Al-Kharaqī
2749:Ibn Tufail
2739:Al-Bitruji
2673:Al-Zarqālī
2637:al-Majriti
2587:Al-Saghani
2582:Al-Nayrizi
2567:al-Battani
2486:Iranshahri
2471:Al-Marwazi
2375:by century
2279:Al-Ṣūfī’s
2066:2007-04-19
2046:2007-04-19
1995:2021-09-15
1113:References
727:Triangulum
586:Cassiopeia
545:Argo Navis
450:Ursa Major
433:Ursa Minor
395:magnitudes
391:precession
279:, for the
242:Big Dipper
192:manuscript
4105:Or Ms 161
4092:Marsh 458
3836:Marsh 144
3550:Supernova
3505:Obliquity
3490:Moonlight
3390:Astrology
3269:Astrolabe
3048:Piri Reis
3038:al-Khafri
3007:al-Wafa'i
2992:Ulugh Beg
2972:Ali Kuşçu
2946:al-Jadiri
2865:al-Abhari
2663:al-Biruni
2597:Ibn Yunus
2572:Al-Qabisi
2547:al-Khazin
2456:Al-Mahani
1650:162469841
1642:0020-7438
1106:Ophiuchus
1091:Andromeda
930:Vulpecula
878:MS 2.1198
864:Influence
716:Andromeda
683:Delphinus
637:Ophiuchus
613:Centaurus
591:Capricorn
393:), their
338:antiquity
225:MS 2.1998
196:autograph
91:Publisher
77:Astronomy
4213:Sharbūsh
4190:Concepts
4124:Or Ms 20
4084:Or. 7293
3962:Or. 9718
3769:PERF 558
3624:Maragheh
3575:Universe
3545:Sunlight
3510:Parallax
3500:Muwaqqit
3440:Ecliptic
3373:Concepts
3339:Quadrant
3259:Aperture
2774:Averroes
2744:Avempace
2688:Avicenna
2622:Nastulus
2612:al-Sijzi
2537:Al-Adami
2451:Al-Kindi
1920:27811140
1908:Muqarnas
1553:Muqarnas
1532:Muqarnas
1223:Muqarnas
1159:Muqarnas
951:Editions
934:asterism
858:Almagest
846:Almagest
812:Almagest
800:Almagest
791:Chapters
705:Equuleus
608:Aquarius
557:Scorpius
535:Hercules
477:Eridanus
402:Almagest
386:Almagest
375:Contents
317:Sanskrit
273:treatise
179:Almagest
152:) is an
65:Language
4088:ÖNB AF9
4039:MS 5229
3791:Qur'ans
3480:Inertia
3470:Gravity
3405:Azimuth
3354:Sundial
3344:Sextant
3294:Dioptra
3284:Compass
3249:Alidade
2860:al-Urdi
2683:Alhazen
2607:Ma Yize
2552:al-Qūhī
2527:al-Sufi
2141:Sources
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1016:Gallery
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762:Artuqid
754:al-Sufi
694:Pegasus
655:Sagitta
641:Serpens
603:Perseus
484:Cepheus
424:Zodiac
349:Ramadan
246:Ptolemy
221:Seljuks
174:Ptolemy
170:Persian
73:Subject
35:in the
4128:MSS 77
3824:Maqama
3806:Maqama
3455:Galaxy
3450:Equant
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620:Auriga
596:Corvus
579:Crater
569:Cygnus
501:Boötes
489:Cancer
472:Gemini
455:Taurus
361:Fustat
281:patron
277:Shiraz
166:Arabic
135:Arabic
68:Arabic
45:Author
3520:Qibla
3309:Globe
3116:Works
1916:JSTOR
1646:S2CID
1595:(PDF)
1536:JSTOR
1239:JSTOR
1175:JSTOR
1061:Lepus
630:Lupus
562:Hydra
540:Libra
523:Virgo
494:Lepus
467:Draco
460:Orion
443:Cetus
438:Aries
381:stars
345:Mecca
313:Greek
287:emir
285:Buyid
261:Orion
188:Anwā’
83:Genre
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3062:17th
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