Knowledge (XXG)

The Boys with the Golden Stars

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876:, a king is looking for a wife. In his wanderings, he overhears the conversation between three maidens: the first promises to bear the king a son who would be the greatest hero in the world; the second promises to bear two golden-haired male twins; and the third promises to bear him a beautiful daughter. The king chooses the second maiden and they marry. While the king is away a war, the king's stepmother takes the twins as soon as they are born and buries them in the garden, and places two puppies in their place. The queen is imprisoned beneath the castle and two trees with golden leaves and golden blossoms sprout in the garden. The king's stepmother realizes the trees are related to the twins and orders them to be chopped down and made into boards for a new bed. She cannot sleep in her new bed, for the twins converse to each other all night, so she orders the bed to be burned. Two sparks fly out of the pyre and turn into golden lambs. The king's stepmother orders the lambs to be killed. While their fleece is washed in the river, the fleeces float downstream. A fisherman then finds a box with the golden-haired twins and raises them. Years later, when they are grown up, they ask their foster father to dress in beggar's clothes to hide their golden hair. They make a living by playing a goussle and a cymbal and singing songs. One day, they go their father's castle and sing a song to the whole court, then take off their caps to reveal their golden hair. 944:("About the count and his evil mother"), a count passes by a window where three girls are talking: the first one wants to marry the count's coachman, the second one the count's cook and the third the count himself. The count brings them to his house the next day and weds them to their respective partners. One day, he has to go to war, and leaves his pregnant wife in his mother's care. While the man is away, his wife gives birth to golden-haired twins, whom the count's mother takes and buries in the garden. On their grave two linden trees sprout. The count's mother orders the trees to be felled and to make a bed for her. The bedposts talk to each other and does not let their grandmother sleep, so she orders the bed to be burnt down. Two sparks fly out of the pyre and are swallowed by a sheep, which foals two golden lambs after a while. The count's mother feigns illness and wants the lambs slaughtered as remedy for her, and their innards to be washed in the river. Her orders are carried out, but a raven steals the innards. Some time later, the golden-haired twins regain human form and meet their father. Linguist 976:'s Children"), three sisters of marriageable age, while spinning under the moonlight near the mill, comment among themselves what they can do if they marry the voivode's son. The youngest answers she will bear him twin boys with golden hair and silver teeth. The voivode's son marries the youngest and becomes voivode. When the times comes, the queen's sisters insist they be brought to the palace to help in labor. The eldest sister, envious of her fortune and marriage, takes both boys as soon as they are born, kills them, buries them in the garden, while putting two puppies in their place to further humiliate the queen. The voivode banishes her to a hut near a lake and marries her elder sister. Two trees with silver leaves and golden flowers sprout on the children's graves. When taking a stroll in the garden, both trees lean forward to caress the father with their leaves and to hit his new wife with their branches. The voivode's new wife cuts down the trees and burns them. Their ashes are gathered by the former wife and spread through the garden, where two 1191:. In this tale, a king forbids lighting any light at night the next evening. However, three poor sisters do not follow the ban and keep working through the night. Then they talk among themselves about their wishes to marry the king: the elder promises to dress the entire army with a single roll of cloth; the middle one that she can feed the army with a single batch of bread, and the third sister promises to give birth to a boy with a moon on his breast and a girl with a star on the front. The king's son overhears their conversation, then marries the first sister. She fails in clothing the army, and is made a servant. The king's son marries the second sister and she also does not fulfill her boast, so she is also made a servant. He marries the third sister and has to go to war. While he is away, his wife gives birth to her promised twins, but the sisters take the babies and bury them in the garden. After the king's son returns, the queen is made to be a goose herd. On the children's graves, two 566:), the older sister tells her sisters she dreamt she married the king and gave birth to "three beautiful children": Sun, Morning Star and Pleiad. The king overhears their conversation and marries the older sister. When they are born, "the room shone from their beauty". The midwife replaces them for puppies and buries them in the basement of the castle. The king calls for his children, and they answer him. He decides to erect a new palace, but the midwife takes the children's bones and buries them in the yard. Three cypress trees sprout. The midwife orders the trees to be felled down. Three flowers sprout and the queen sends her pet goat to eat them. The goat gets pregnant and the queen wants it killed. After her order is carried out, a slave girl washes its entrails in the river and the children reappear in human form. 29: 500:. After hero La Valeur disenchants Prince Green Snake, he receives a magical shirt and sabre. After being betrayed by his wife, the princess, La Valeur is resurrected into horse form by Prince Green Snake and returns to his wife's kingdom. The wife orders the horse to be killed, but before his death, La Valeur instructs a maid to save his first three droplets of blood. She does so and three laurel trees sprout. The traitorous princess recognizes the trees and orders them to be felled, but the maid rescues three wood chips, which become three ducks. Later, the three ducks fly to the magic shirt, disappear with it and La Valeur regains his human form. 409:: สี่ยอดกุมาร), king Phaya Chulanee, ruler of the City of Panja, is already married to a woman named Queen Akkee. He travels abroad and reaches the deserted ruins of a kingdom (City of Chakkheen). He saves a princess named Pathumma from inside a drum she was hiding in when some terrifying creatures attacked her kingdom, leaving her as the sole survivor. They return to Panja and marry. Queen Pathumma is pregnant with four sons, to the envy of the first wife. She replaces the sons for dogs to humiliate the second queen, and throws the babies in the river. A version of the tale is also preserved in 575: 726:("The Two Children With Golden Hair"), the youngest sister promises the king to give birth to a boy and a girl of unparalleled beauty. Her sisters, seething with envy, conspire with the king's gypsy servant, take the children and bury them in the garden. After the twins are reborn as trees, they twist their branches to make shade for the king when he passes, and to hit their aunts when they pass. After they go through the rebirth cycle, the Sun, stunned at their beauty, clothes them and gives the boy a flute. 2851: 1069:. The witch orders the trees to be made into beds; later, when she hears he twins' voices coming from the beds, she orders the beds to be burnt to cinders. Sparks fly out of the beds' pyre and reach a rose bush, which is eaten by a goat. Some time later, the she-goat gives birth to two kids. The animals are killed and the twins regain human form. The Sun, on his daily journey, sees the twins and, impressed by their beauty, tells his mother. The Sun's mother comes to them with clothes and a golden apple. 715:, and the youngest promises to bear him two beautiful children with golden hair. The emperor overhears their conversation and takes the youngest as his wife. When it is time for the twins' delivery, she gives birth to them, but the children are taken and buried in the garden. Two firs sprout on their graves, who make shade for the emperor when he passes by them. The twins go through a cycle of reincarnations (from trees, to lambs, to humans again), and later go to emperor's court. 836:("The Smiling Apple"), a king sends his page to pluck some fragrant scented apples in a distant garden. When the page arrives at the garden, a dishevelled old man appears and takes him into his house, where the old man's three young daughters live. The daughters comment among themselves their marriage wishes: the third wishes to marry the king and give him two golden-haired children, one with a "comet star" on the forehead and another with a sun. The rest of the story follows 851:", wherein the boy drinks from a puddle and becomes a deer, and his sister is found by the king during a hunt. The sister, in this variant, begs the king to take her, for she will bear him twin sons with golden hair. After the twin boys are born, they are buried in the ground and go through a cycle of transformations, from golden-leaved trees, to lambs to humans again. When they assume human form, the Moon, the Sun and the Wind give them clothes and shoes. 428:, King Maha Suvi is married to two queens, Mahesi and Mahesi Noi. Queen Mahesi gives birth to the four princes, who are taken to the water in a basket. When they are young, they are poisoned by the second queen and buried in the village, four champa trees sprouting on their graves. The second queen learns of their survival and orders the trees to be felled down and thrown in the river. A monk sees their branches with flowers and takes them off the river. 519:("The Shirt of the Great Player and the Talking Bird"), the prince marries a poor maiden against his mother's wishes. She gives birth to 12 boys and a girl, which the queen buries in the garden. However, 12 orange trees and a lemon tree sprout in their place. A goatherder passes by the garden and one of his goats eats some of the leaves. It gives birth to the 13 siblings, who grow up and later seek three treasures. 228:
stepmother had two new beds made, and burned the originals. While they were burning, the two brightest sparks flew off and fell into the river. They became two golden fish. When fishermen caught them, they wanted to take them alive to the emperor. The fish told them to let them swim in dew instead, and then dry them out in the sun. When they did this, the fish turned back into babies, maturing in days.
917:("Two Golden Children"), the king finds three women harvesting the fields; they stop to rest and the youngest promises to bear the king two golden children. She marries the king and gives birth to two golden male twins. A wicked servant buries them in the garden. The twins go through a cycle of transformations (from golden spruce trees, to doves, to lambs, to humans again). 969:
the third sister promises to bear children with wonderful attributes, who are taken from her as soon as they are born and buried in the garden. On the children's graves sprout two trees with golden leaves and golden fruits. The twins then continue to pass through a cycle of reincarnations (from trees to lambs and lastly to humans again).
822:("The Two Golden-Haired Brothers"), with 13 variants, four of them combined with other types. In this Hungarian type, after the king marries the sister that promises the wonder-children, a rival woman takes the twins and buries them; on their grave, talking trees sprout, and the twins go through a cycle of transformations. 798:; English: "Two Children with Hair of Gold"), the youngest maiden promises to give birth to twin children with golden hair. A witch takes the newborn royals and tries to kill them by putting them under the hooves of animals to be trampled. She fails, so she resorts to burying both under the threshold. The boys become 219:
had wanted him to marry her daughter and so hated his new wife. She got her brother to declare war on him, to get him away from her, and when the empress gave birth in his absence, killed and buried the twins in the corner of the garden and put puppies in their place. The emperor punished his wife to
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sprout. They mostly follow the cycle of transformations (from human babies, to trees, to animals and finally to humans again), but some differ in that after they become lambs, they are killed and their ashes are eaten by a duck that hatches two eggs. Kerbelyte locates most of the Lithuanian variants
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Folktale Catalogue, published by scholar Liliana Daskalova, registers a similar narrative as a regional subtype of type 707, indexed as *707D, "Деца със златни коси и сребърни зъби", or "Kinder mit goldenen Haaren und silbernen Zähnen" ("Children with Golden Hair and Silver Teeth"). In this subtype,
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A herdsman had three daughters, Ana, Stana and Laptița. The youngest was the most beautiful. One day, the emperor was passing with attendants. The oldest daughter said that if he married her, she would bake him a loaf of bread that would make him young and brave forever; the second one said, if one
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In a variant from Asia Minor, the tale begins with type ATU 510A, "Cinderella". The story continues as the princess gives birth to three sons of gold. They are buried and become trees. The villain orders the trees to be burnt down, but some sparks are eaten by a goat, which gives birth to the three
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tree grows, which soothes her husband and annoys the false spouse. Xia Mei decides to have the bamboo tree made into a bed. If the scholar sleeps on it, he feels refreshed; if the stepsister sleeps on it, she feels awful, so she notices it is Da Jie's doing. She orders the bed to be burnt down, but
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with golden stamens and silver petals grow and are eaten by a sheep. The sheep gives birth to two lambs with golden horns and silver wool. They are put in a basket and washed downstream to their mother's hut. She suckles both lambs and they regain human form. After a while, the voivode and his new
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begin with the birth of male twins, but very rarely there are fraternal twins, a boy and a girl. When they transform into human babies again, the siblings grow up at an impossibly fast rate and hide their supernatural trait under a hood or a cap. Soon after, they show up in their father's court or
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sprout and incline whenever their parents pass by. Their aunts notice the trees are the children and order them to be felled and planks made from them. This does not stop them, so the aunts order the planks to be burned. On the place they were burned, a palace appears and the twins are reborn as
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variant), after Da Jie marries a rich scholar, her stepfamily devises a plan to replace her with Da Jie's smallpox-riddled stepsister, Xia Mei. Xia Mei shoves Da Jie into a well, but she turns into a sparrow, which communicates with her husband to alert him of the substitution. Xia Mei kills the
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Similarly, professor Jack V. Haney, in the commentaries to one Slavic variant, noted that the twins' cycle of transformations (from humans, to trees, to lambs and humans again) appears in tales from Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, Czechia, and Slovakia. In this regard, according to Russian folklorist
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grew from the grave, putting on years' growth in hours. The stepmother wanted to chop them down, but the emperor forbade it. Finally, she convinced him, on the condition that she had beds made from the wood, one for him and one for her. In the night, the beds began to talk to each other. The
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Professor Reginetta Haboucha remarked that the reincarnation cycle of these variants (human - tree - sheep - human) constitutes a new type she identified as **707B, "Truth Comes to Light" - a combination between type 707 and "essential elements" from type AT 780A, "The Cannibalistic Brothers".
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Wearing lambskin caps that covered their hair and stars, they went to their father's castle and forced their way in. Despite their refusal to take off their caps, the emperor listened to their story, only then removing their caps. The emperor executed his stepmother and took back his wife.
1121:) lists at least 23 variants of this format in Lithuania. In these variants, the youngest sister promises to give birth to twins with the sun on the forehead, the moon on the neck and stars on the temples. A boy and a girl are born, but they are buried by a witch, and on their graves an 748:("The Harvester as Queen"), the maiden is made queen on the promise of bearing golden-haired twins. A "gypsy" who worked at the king's court, jealous of the newly-crowned queen, exchanges her children for two puppies and buries the babies in the garden. From their burial place, two 600:
suggested that the killing of the twin children and their rebirth in a cycle of metamorphoses seemed "typical" to Eastern Europe: in Romania; Belarus; in Serbia; in the Bukovina region; in Croatia; Bosnia, Moldavia, Bulgaria, Poland, Ukraine, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and among the
2371:... is szerepel a 707 mesetípusnak egy olyan sajátos magyar redakciója (707 I), melyben a két aranyhajú gyermeket anyjuk irigy nővérei megölik és megsemmisítik, testük egyetlen kicsiny darabkájából azonban háromszori átváltozás után (aranyfa, gidó, hal) ismét emberi alakot öltenek. 2527: 484:
an old woman discovers its charred remains and brings them home. When she goes out and returns at night, she notices someone has prepared her dinner. On the third night, she senses the presence of Da Jie and helps her regain human form and later reunite her with the husband.
2373:[... there is a specific Hungarian variation of 707, wherein the golden-haired twins are killed by their mother's jealous sisters, but from a single part of their bodies they return to human form after three incarnations (golden tree, kids, fishes).] 450:, at the end of the tale, after she was replaced by her ugly stepsister, the heroine goes through two physical transformations: the heroine, Mistress Youngest, visits her stepfamily, who drops a cauldron of boiling water over her and she becomes a white 3006: 656:, a tree with mythical properties in East Slavic folklore. She also argues that this format is the "archaic version" of the tale type, since it shows the motif of the tree and animal transformation, and recalls ancient ideas of twin beings in folklore. 2278: 1001:
grow. The witch realizes it is the boys and orders the gardener to fell them down. A sheep licks the ashes and soon enough gives birth to two sheep - the very same princes. Later, they regain their human form and tell the king the whole story.
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tree and a large fruit falls on their lap that they take home and put in an earthen jar. The fruit contains the true princess and, when the old couple leaves their cottage, the princess goes out of the earthen jar to tidy up the place.
536:, the third sister promises to give birth to 100 sons with a golden apple in the hand and a daughter with a golden star. They are buried, turn into 101 oranges trees, which are burned down. In their ashes, 100 grains of pepper and an 616:
territories", as well in Hungarian speaking regions. In addition, Ákos Dömötor, in the 1988 revised edition of Hungarian Folktale Catalogue, noted its presence across the countries bordering Hungary and in Southeastern Europe.
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Writer and folklorist Cristea Sandu Timoc considered that these tales were typically Romanian, and belonged to tale type AaTh 707C*. He also reported that "more than 70 variants" of this subtype were "known" (as of 1988).
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According to the Greek folktale catalogue of Angelopoulou and Brouskou, some Greek variants of type 707 contain the motif of the wonder-children and the rebirth as plants, animals and humans again. In one variant from
2971: 767:, collected from Sandru Gherghina, the third sister promises twins of gold and silver. In both tales, the twins, a boy and a girl, go through the cycle of transformations (trees, animals, humans again). 2070:Нередко в белорусских и украинских сказках, как и в западнославянских, развивается мотив превращений погубленных детей в волшебные деревья, животных, птиц и обретения ими вновь человеческого облика ... 981:
wife visit the former queen in her hut and see the twin boys. The voivode returns to the palace, questions the cat, which reveals the whole truth. He punishes the new wife and restores his first wife.
707:("Two Children with Golden Hair"). In this tale, an emperor passes by three sisters working in the fields, who are talking among themselves: the elder boasts she could fill the emperor's house with 212:, and against heat and water; the youngest one said that she would bear him twin sons with stars on their foreheads. The emperor married the youngest, and two of his friends married the other two. 627: 2976: 907: 648:
Russian scholar T. V. Zueva names this format "Reincarnation of the Luminous Twins" and considers this group of variants as "an ancient Slavic plot", since these tales have been collected from
2936: 265: 101: 454:. Later, the false bride kills her bird form and asks the cook to roast it. The cook buries the bird's remains behind the kitchen, where a quince tree sprouts. An old couple passes by the 1773:. ARCHIVES GEORGES A. MÉGAS: CATALOGUE DU CONTE GREC-2. Athenes: CENTRE DE RECHERCHES NÉOHELLÉNIQUES, FONDATION NATIONALE DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE, 1995. p. 129 (entry nr. 247). 1752:. ARCHIVES GEORGES A. MÉGAS: CATALOGUE DU CONTE GREC-2. Athenes: CENTRE DE RECHERCHES NÉOHELLÉNIQUES, FONDATION NATIONALE DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE, 1995. p. 131 (entry nr. 256). 1731:. ARCHIVES GEORGES A. MÉGAS: CATALOGUE DU CONTE GREC-2. Athenes: CENTRE DE RECHERCHES NÉOHELLÉNIQUES, FONDATION NATIONALE DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE, 1995. p. 132 (entry nr. 263). 1021:, in 1857, the youngest sister states she will give birth to "two boys, each with a moon on his head and a star on the nape of his neck". When they are buried, on their grave two 2981: 1065:("About a golden nut"), a wife gives birth to twins while her husband is at war. A witch sews the boys in an oxen hide and buries it in a pit of manure. Out of the pit springs a 3155: 2878: 1025:
sprout (or, in another translation, "two plane-trees"), a golden stem and a silver one (or "one with golden, the other with silver branches"). The tale was also published by
3078: 1162:: the twins are buried by their stepmother in the garden and go through a cycle of transformations (from babies, to trees, to burnt trees, to lambs, to humans again). 829:, the step-parent asks for the organs of the twin children to eat. They are killed, their bodies are buried in the garden and from their grave two apple trees sprout. 413:
form. The tale continues as the four princes are rescued from the water and buried in the garden, only to become champa trees and later regaining their human shapes.
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The motif of a woman's babies, born with wonderful attributes after she claimed she could bear such children, but stolen from her, is a common fairy tale motif; see "
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noted the resemblance between the twins' cycle of reincarnations to the heroine's of Bulgarian tale type ATU 408, "Неродена мома" ("The Maiden Who Was Never Born").
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suggested that the transformation sequence in the tale format (from human babies, to trees, to lambs/goats and finally to humans again) may be underlying a theme of
785: 2217: 2966: 1832: 117: 1423: 3129: 1089:, which corresponds to the birth of the miraculous twins, their death by burial, and the cycle of transformations from plant to animal to humans again. 3268: 2743: 1643: 1403: 1209: 73: 1318: 2581: 1819:în comparatiune cu legendele antice clasice și în legătură cu basmele popoarelor învecinate și ale tuturor popoarelor romanice: studiu comparativǔ 345: 28: 3150: 3048: 2122:Зуева, Т. В. "Древнеславянская версия сказки "Чудесные дети" ("Перевоплощения светоносных близнецов")". In: Русская речь. 2000. № 3, pp. 91-93. 2104:Зуева, Т. В. "Древнеславянская версия сказки "Чудесные дети" ("Перевоплощение светоносных близнецов")". In: Русская речь. 2000. № 2, pp. 98-99. 2728:
East meets West in the Land of Fairies and Leprechauns: Translation, Adaptation, and Dissemination of ATU 707 in the 19th–20th century Ireland
3053: 2777: 2537: 2022: 1617: 2113:Зуева, Т. В. "Древнеславянская версия сказки "Чудесные дети" ("Перевоплощение светоносных близнецов")". In: Русская речь. 2000. № 2, p. 100. 331:
noted the resurrective motif of the murdered children, and found parallels among European tales published during that time. Austrian consul
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or related to a life-death-rebirth cycle. This motif is shared by other tale types, and does not belong exclusively to the ATU 707.
2171: 847:(Hungarian: "A két aranyhajú gyermek"; English: "The Two Children with Golden Hair"). The tale begins akin to tale type ATU 450, " 763:, collected from Ţăranu Dumitru, the third sister promises to give birth to twins as beautiful as gold and silver. In the second, 632:
and Belarusian scholarship, the twins' cycle of reincarnations appears in "some" variants from Belarus and Ukraine, as well as in
3114: 1046: 3184: 1078: 3093: 2871: 2083: 1987: 818:). In addition, the Hungarian Folktale Catalogue (MNK) indexes it as its own Hungarian type, under classification MNK 707*, 3238: 3068: 3253: 3063: 3032: 2986: 1502: 1335:
Draucean, Adela Ileana (2008). "The Names of Romanian Fairy-Tale Characters in the Works of the Junimist Classics". In:
688:("The Golden Children"), the evil maid murders the children, who at the end of the tale is exiled by the twins' father. 34: 2713: 1568: 497: 3263: 315: 1511: 2638:Беларуская міфалогія: Энцыклапедычны слоўнік . С. Санько ; склад. І. Клімковіч. Мінск: Беларусь, 2004. pp. 575-576. 3243: 3027: 3011: 2991: 2903: 791: 692: 281: 246: 162: 105: 2747: 1647: 1407: 574: 3134: 673: 2607:[The Wonderful Trees in Bulgarian Fairy Tales (An Attempt at Systematizing and Elucidating Semantics)]. 2479: 2387:. Budapest, MTA Néprajzi Kutató Csoport, 1988. A magyar tündérmesék katalógusa (AaTh 300-749). pp. 398, 463-464. 1480:[The Wonderful Trees in Bulgarian Fairy Tales (An Attempt at Systematizing and Elucidating Semantics)]. 1118: 296: 3248: 3109: 2629:"Болгарские народные сказки" . Moscow: Государственное издательство художественной литературы. 1951. pp. 80–84. 436: 320: 2711:"50. Podvrhnutá nevesta D) Pani s chlapci zakopaná do hnojiska. Slncová matka im pomáha". In: Polivka, Jiri. 169:", albeit following a specific narrative that is found in Romania, Moldova, and Hungary, as well as in other 2956: 759:
Writer and folklorist Cristea Sandu Timoc collected two other Romanian variants, published in 1988. In one,
269: 113: 2512: 2347:. Budapest, MTA Néprajzi Kutató Csoport, 1988. A magyar tündérmesék katalógusa (AaTh 300-749). pp. 398-399. 1674: 3073: 2941: 1876: 1107: 1030: 1026: 273: 350: 2908: 2672: 2605:"Чудесните дървета в българските вълшебни приказки (Опит за систематизация и изясняване на семантиката)" 1478:"Чудесните дървета в българските вълшебни приказки (Опит за систематизация и изясняване на семантиката)" 1315: 633: 588: 332: 285: 150: 109: 2450: 2053:] (in Belarusian). Vol. 2. Minsk: Navuka i tėkhnika. 1978. p. 581 (notes to tale nr. 66). 1956:. Sešit 5. Turč. Sv. Martin: Tlačou kníhtlač. účast. spolku. - Nákladom vydavatelovým. 1881. pp. 35-40. 1949: 1939:. Sešit 2. Turč. Sv. Martin: Tlačou kníhtlač. účast. spolku. - Nákladom vydavatelovým. 1880. pp. 64-70. 1932: 1689: 1326:
08, nr. 07, 1 octombrie, 1874. Redactor: Jacob Negruzzi. Iași: Tipografia Națională, 1874. pp. 287-293.
1287: 2003:. Budapest, MTA Néprajzi Kutató Csoport, 1988. A magyar tündérmesék katalógusa (AaTh 300-749). p. 399. 1584:
Four Champa Trees. A Traditional Laotian Folktale Told in English and Lao and Teacher Discussion Guide
1112: 780: 3278: 3273: 2830: 1506: 890: 602: 529: 432: 410: 2465: 2298:[Moldavian-Gagauz folklore relationship (comparative-typological study of the fairy tale)]. 930: 902: 547:, the mother promises to give birth to 101 children. They are buried and on their graves sprout 100 3217: 3083: 1837: 1392: 1014: 596:
Analysing some of the available variants of tale type 707 during his lifetime, Romanian folklorist
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Hungarian scholarship classifies the ATU 707 tale under the banner of "The Golden-Haired Twins" (
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A Hungarian variant of the tale was adapted into an episode of the Hungarian television series
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Hungarian scholar Ágnes Kovács stated that this was the "Eastern European subtype" of the tale
2946: 2845: 2834: 2773: 2755: 2639: 2586: 2533: 2303: 2088: 2018: 1983: 1797: 1792: 1774: 1753: 1732: 1711: 1678:. Biblioteca delle tradizioni popolari siciliane Vol. 4. L. Pedone-Lauriel. 1875. pp. 328-329. 1655: 1613: 1415: 1372: 1340: 613: 508: 129: 2296:"Legăturile reciproce şi paralelele folclorice moldo-găgăuze (în baza materialului basmului)" 2015:
The Complete Folktales of A. N. Afanas'ev, Volume II: Black Art and the Neo-Ancestral Impulse
3202: 3058: 2727: 1184: 1010: 895: 649: 378: 559:
sons anew. The Sun and its mother pass by the boys to provide them with clothes and gifts.
3212: 2850: 1371:. Edited by Hilda Ellis Davidson and Anna Chaudhri. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer. 2003. p. 43. 1322: 2772:
Kerbelyte, Bronislava. "Litovskie Narodnye Skazki". Moskva: Forum, Neolit, 2015. p. 244.
1524:
Roy, Arnab Dutta (2015). "Deconstructing Universalism: Tagore's Vision of Humanity". In:
208:
married her, she would make him a shirt that would protect him in any fight, even with a
2604: 2585:. Bearbeitet und herausgegeben von Klaus Roth. Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1995. p. 142. 2322: 1477: 1061:("Maiden and sons buried in manure; the Sun's Mother helps them"). In this tale, titled 578:
The stepmother digs up a grave in the garden to bury the young princes. Illustration by
3176: 2804: 1170: 945: 597: 304: 170: 2579:
Liliana Daskalova Perkowski, Doroteja Dobreva, Jordanka Koceva & Evgenija Miceva.
2554: 652:. Another argument she raises is that the tree transformation in most variants is the 3232: 3207: 3007:
The Youth and the Maiden with Stars on their Foreheads and Crescents on their Breasts
2501:. Knjiga 1: Narodna pripoviedke iz sela Stativa. Fiume: 1886. pp. 27-30 (tale nr. 3). 935: 869: 406: 300: 2283:(in Romanian). Editura "Shtiint︠s︡a". 1976. pp. 364–372 (text for tale nr. 63). 1815: 1178: 1029:
with the name "The Wonderful Boys", or "The Wondrous Lads", and by Czech folklorist
2750:[The Bird Rising from the Ashes: Posthumous Transformations in Folktales]. 2295: 2028: 1909:. Zabreg: Glagol, 1997. The tale first published in written form by Rudolf Strohal. 1650:[The Bird Rising from the Ashes: Posthumous Transformations in Folktales]. 1410:[The Bird Rising from the Ashes: Posthumous Transformations in Folktales]. 1192: 730: 700: 328: 196: 2820: 2557:[The Fairy-Tales in the Archive of the Institute of Folklore. Catalogue]. 2808:. Bibliothéque d'Études Balkaniques – V. Paris: Librarie Droz. 1936. pp. 232–237. 2657: 1818: 1554: 2448:"The Golden-haired Twins". In: Mijatovich, Elodie Lawton & Denton, William. 1978:
Kovács, Ágnes. "TIPOLOGIA BASMELOR LUI TEODOR ŞIMONCA". In: Hoţopan, Alexandru.
1853: 1066: 799: 583: 335:
also remarked on a similar transformation sequence present in a Greek tale from
145: 739: 496:("The Prince Green Snake and La Valeur"), collected by Franco-Ontarian scholar 2824: 2569:(3–4). Институт за етнология и фолклористика с Етнографски музей при БАН: 102. 2206:. Vol. 31. Stuttgart; München; Augsburg; Tübingen: Verlag Cotta. 1858. p. 118. 1861: 1703: 1131: 1122: 977: 475: 336: 216: 137: 2759: 2307: 1659: 1451:
Indian fairy tales, collected and tr. by M. Stokes; with notes by Mary Stokes
1419: 997:), an evil witch kills two boys - the sons of the prince. On their grave two 1146:
Folktale Catalogue, tale type 707, "The Three Golden Children", is known in
1126: 1103: 953: 537: 512: 451: 2619:(3). Институт за етнология и фолклористика с Етнографски музей при БАН: 17. 1492:(3). Институт за етнология и фолклористика с Етнографски музей при БАН: 17. 1196:
humans. During a hunt, the king discovers the palace and visits the twins.
314:, in the original) similarities between these versions of ATU 707 and the 1902: 1077:
On the other hand, according to researcher Maxim Fomin, Irish folklorist
1050: 998: 965: 776: 753: 653: 552: 533: 394: 2839: 2426:. Budapest: Az Athenaeum Részvénytársulat Tulajdona. 1908. pp. 112-116. 2400:. Budapest: Az Athenaeum Részvénytársualt Tulajdona. 1914. pp. 274-276. 1898: 1690:
The legend of Perseus; a study of tradition in story, custom and belief
1086: 990: 973: 926: 677: 555:
tree. Their flowers are eaten by a goat and they return to human form.
548: 492:
A similar transformation sequence occurs in French-Missourian folktale
443: 91: 2148:. Stuttgart und Tübingen: J. C. Cotta'scher Verlag. 1845. pp. 121-125. 1249:
This tale is classified as tale type ATU 318, "The Faithless Wife" or
2064:Бараг, Л. Г. (1971). "Сюжеты и мотивы белорусских волшебных сказок". 1147: 1143: 1018: 865: 504: 480: 467: 455: 369: 209: 174: 684:, from an informant named Mihaila Poppowitsch. In this tale, titled 2323:"Storytelling: Performance, Presentations and Sacral Communication" 2200:
Obert, Franz. "Romänische Märchen und Sagen aus Siebenbürgen". In:
1583: 2532:. Университетско издателство "Св. Климент Охридски". p. 244. 2398:
Ipolyi Arnold népmesegyüjteménye (Népköltési gyüjtemény 13. kötet)
2032: 1796:. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. 2002. pp. 224-225. 1693:. Volume I: The Supernatural Birth. London: D. Nutt. 1894. p. 187. 1528:, 36:2, 193 (footnote nr. 22). DOI: 10.1080/02759527.2015.11933024 1440:. Deuxiême Volume. Paris: E. Leroux, 1910. Gr. in-8°, pp. 189-191. 1022: 681: 573: 463: 387: 368:
A similar occurrence of the tree reincarnation is attested in the
224: 2748:"Paukštė, kylanti iš pelenų: pomirtinis persikūnijimas pasakose" 2358: 1771:
CATALOGUE RAISONNE DES CONTES GRECS: TYPES ET VERSIONS AT700-749
1750:
CATALOGUE RAISONNE DES CONTES GRECS: TYPES ET VERSIONS AT700-749
1729:
CATALOGUE RAISONNE DES CONTES GRECS: TYPES ET VERSIONS AT700-749
1648:"Paukštė, kylanti iš pelenų: pomirtinis persikūnijimas pasakose" 1408:"Paukštė, kylanti iš pelenų: pomirtinis persikūnijimas pasakose" 417: 261:
house to reveal the truth through a riddle or through a ballad.
2860: 2555:"Вълшебните приказки в Архива на Института за фолклор. Каталог" 1276:. Übersetzt von -, Leipzig: Wilhelm Friedrich, 1882. pp. 29-42. 1154:("Wonderful Children"), comprising 4 different redactions. Its 2084:
Types and Motifs of the Judeo-Spanish Folktales (RLE Folklore)
612:("The Twin Brothers With Golden Hair"), found "all across the 1980:împăratu Roşu şi îm păratu Alb (Poveştile lui Teodor Şimonca) 1708:
The collected Sicilian folk and fairy tales of Giuseppe Pitrè
913:. In this tale, titled "Двоје златие деце" and translated as 2977:
The Golden Fish, The Wonder-working Tree and the Golden Bird
1059:
Pani s chlapci zakopaná do hnojiska. Slncová matka im pomáha
2937:
The Dancing Water, the Singing Apple, and the Speaking Bird
2424:
Hétfalusi csángó népmesék (Népköltési gyüjtemény 10. kötet)
1187:
folklore, published an Albanian language variant he titled
515:. In this tale (another variant of the tale type ATU 707), 266:
The Dancing Water, the Singing Apple, and the Speaking Bird
102:
The Dancing Water, the Singing Apple, and the Speaking Bird
1967:
Deutsche Volksmärchen aus dem Sachsenlande in Siebenbürgen
794:
title "Дой фець логофець ку пэрул де аур" (Transcription:
2451:
Serbian folk-lore: popular tales, selected and translated
1918:"Tri Sultanije i Sultan". In: Buturovic, Djenana i Lada. 2805:
Documents, Contes et Chansons Slaves de l'Albanie du Sud
2700:
Vybrané báje a pověsti národní jiných větví slovanských
1852: 1633:. Evanston: Northwestern university, 1937. pp. 177-182. 1587:. San Francisco, CA: Voices of Liberty, 1990. pp. 5-15. 1291:. London; New York: Longmans, Green. 1906. pp. 299-310. 288:". Some of these variants feature an evil stepmother. 2469:. New York: Frederick A. Stokes company. pp. 353-361. 220:
show what happened to those who deceived the emperor.
2982:
The Hedgehog, the Merchant, the King and the Poor Man
2268:. Bucharest: Editura Minerva, 1988. pp. 186-189, 407. 2255:. Bucharest: Editura Minerva, 1988. pp. 182-186, 408. 1569:"Champa Si Ton | Southeast Asia Digital Library" 1540:
Simla Village Tales, or Folk Tales from the Himalayas
1232:
In the original tale, the heroic emperor was called
503:
A similar cycle of transformations is attested in a
479:
sparrow and buries it in the garden. In that spot a
374:
The Seven Brothers who were turned into Champa Trees
324:- "far too great to be coincidental", as he put it. 3195: 3168: 3143: 3102: 3041: 3020: 2929: 2922: 2896: 2463:Petrovitch, Woislav M.; Karadzhic, Vuk Stefanovic. 2413:. Pest: Heckenast Gusztáv Sajátja. 1855. pp. 42-47. 1982:. Budapesta: Editura didactică, 1982. pp. 218-219. 1793:
After Antiquity: Greek Language, Myth, and Metaphor
1675:
Fiabe, novelle e racconti popolari siciliani Vol. I
1013:: "Wonderful/Miraculous Boys"), first collected by 517:
La cammisa di lu gran jucaturi e l'auceddu parlanti
97: 87: 72: 58: 50: 45: 33:The boys with the golden stars, by Ford, H. J., in 21: 2685:Erben, Karel Jaromír; Strickland, Walter William. 2673:Sixty Folk-Tales from Exclusively Slavonic Sources 2454:. London: W. Isbister & Co. 1874. pp. 238-247. 2439:. Neue Folge. Leipzig: Dieterich. 1909. pp. 82-86. 1466:1-2. München/Berlin: Georg Müller. 1918 . pp. 404. 1436:Huet, Gédeon. "Le Conte des soeurs jalouses". In: 802:, then lambs, then ducks, then regain human form. 195:, in October, 1874, and signed by Romanian author 1313:Slavici, Ioan. "Doi feți cu stea în frunte". In: 1304:. New York: H. Holt and company. 1885. pp. 30-41. 431:A similar series of transformations is found in " 310:French scholar Gédeon Huet noted the "striking" ( 2714:Rozprávky s živly nadprirodzenými (číslo 31–68a) 2017:. University Press of Mississippi. p. 550. 1337:Studii și cercetări de onomastică și lexicologie 2191:. Budapest: Európa Könyvkiadó. 1957. pp. 24-42. 1543:. England, London: John Murray. 1906. pp. 6-12. 562:In the tale Ό Ήλιος, ό Αύγερινός καί ή Πούλια ( 2582:Typenverzeichnis der bulgarischen Volksmärchen 2486:. Vol. 2. Berlin: Weidmann. 1876. pp. 627–628. 900:reported a Serbian tale published in magazine 2967:A String of Pearls Twined with Golden Flowers 2872: 2516:. Strassburg K.J. Trübner. 1902. pp. 226-229. 2359:"Maticetov Müko: Sezgani in prerojeni clovek" 1883:. London: Hurst and Blackett. pp. 67–70. 1833:A String of Pearls Twined with Golden Flowers 1600:. Oxford University Press. 1948. pp. 112-124. 1453:. London: Ellis and White. 1880. pp. 250-251. 1391:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 1917. pp. 65-84. 972:In a Bulgarian variant, "Дети воеводы" ("The 189:was first published in the Romanian magazine 118:A String of Pearls Twined with Golden Flowers 8: 1969:. Wien: Verlag von Carl Graeser, 1882. p. 1. 1841:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 1917. pp. 65-84. 245:The tale is classified in the international 161:The tale is classified in the international 1710:. New York: Routledge, 2013 . pp. 838-839. 1631:Tales From the French Folk-lore of Missouri 711:, the middle one that she can fill it with 382:, first published in 1907) and in the tale 3130:The Child with a Moon on his Chest (Sotho) 2926: 2879: 2865: 2857: 2849: 2730:". In: ՈՍԿԵ ԴԻՎԱՆ – Հեքիաթագիտական հանդես 2702:. Svazek II. Praha: Otto, 1906. pp. 15–18. 2676:. London: Elliot Stock. 1889. pp. 138-142. 1965:"Die beiden Goldkinder". Haltrich, Josef. 1920:Antologija usmene price iz BiH/ novi izbor 27: 2972:The Story of The Farmer's Three Daughters 2242:. Bucharest: Editura Minerva, 1988. p. x. 2189:Szegény ember okos leánya: Román népmesék 2159:Rumänische Volkserzählungen aus dem Banat 2135:. Bucharest: Editura Minerva, 1988. p. x. 1558:. BangkokBooks, 2011. 121ff (tale nr. 25) 1610:Classic Folk Tales from Around the World 779:tale published by author and folklorist 564:The Sun, the Morning-Star and the Pleiad 2689:. London: G. Standring. 1907. pp. 8–10. 2687:Russian and Bulgarian folk-lore stories 2161:. Bukarest: Kriterion, 1975. pp. 49-54. 1838:The foundling prince, & other tales 1515:. London: John Lane, 1920. pp. 150–152. 1389:The foundling prince, & other tales 1265: 1225: 3151:Les Princes et la Princesse de Marinca 2909:Princess Belle-Étoile and Prince Chéri 2661:. Выпуск ІІІ. Moskva: 1857. pp. 25–27. 2466:Hero tales and legends of the Serbians 2327:Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics 1581:Sasorith, Issara Katay; Lucas, Alice. 1387:"The Golden Twins". Ispirescu, Petre. 1085:ecotype (oikotype) of type ATU 707 in 1005:In another tale, "ЧУДЕСНЫЕ МАЛЬЧИКИ" ( 676:and Albert Schott collected a similar 110:Princess Belle-Étoile and Prince Chéri 18: 3054:The Boy with the Moon on his Forehead 2529:Български фолклорни приказки: каталог 2513:Slavische Chrestomathie mit Glossaren 2478:Jagic, Vatroslav; Kohler, Reinhold. " 2222:Revue d'ethnographie et de sociologie 1769:Angelopoulou, Anna; Brouskou, Aigle. 1748:Angelopoulou, Anna; Brouskou, Aigle. 1727:Angelopoulou, Anna; Brouskou, Aigle. 1438:Revue d'ethnographie et de sociologie 1359:. New York: Dial Books, 1994. p. 254. 7: 3125:King Ravohimena and the Magic Grains 2914:The Sisters Envious of Their Cadette 2526:Даскалова-Перковска, Лиляна (1994). 2300:Revista de Etnologie şi Culturologie 1464:Griechische und Albanesische Märchen 154:. An alternate title to the tale is 2480:Aus dem südslavischen Märchenschatz 1216:("The Two Sons With Golden Hair"). 948:translated the tale into German as 718:In a Romanian tale translated into 494:L'Prince Serpent Vert pis La Valeur 3079:The Crown Prince Replaced by a Cat 3002:The Children with the Golden Locks 1905:area, collected by Jozo Vrkić, in 1426:from the original on June 7, 2020. 950:Vom Grafen und seiner bösen Mütter 543:In a tale from Arminou-Néa Pafos, 14: 3120:The Golden Bird (Berber folktale) 2655:Афанасьев, Александр Николаевич. 2178:. Anulu VI. Nr. 68 (3-Sept-1871). 2087:. Routledge. 2021 . pp. 152-154. 1555:Fascinating Folktales of Thailand 827:A mostoha királyfiakat gyilkoltat 796:Doi feti logofeti cu parul de aur 3269:Fictional emperors and empresses 3115:The Bird from the Land of Gabour 2066:Славянский и балканский фольклор 1954:Prostonárodnie slovenské povesti 1937:Prostonárodnie slovenské povesti 1552:Thanapol (Lamduan) Chadchaidee. 1414:(in Lithuanian) (XLVI): 71–106. 1300:Kremnitz, Mite; Mary J Safford. 349:(ATU 408). Bulgarian folklorist 241:The birth of the wonder-children 2821:Original text of the fairy tale 2754:(in Lithuanian) (XLVI): 90–97. 2498:Hrvatskih narodnih pripoviedaka 2484:Archiv Für Slavische Philologie 2068:(in Russian). Мoskva: 228–229. 1875:Groome, Francis Hindes (1899). 1822:. București: Göbl, 1895. p. 404 1612:. Vol. 2. DC Books. pp. 37-45. 882:Archiv für slavische Philologie 2962:The Boys with the Golden Stars 2218:"Le Conte des soeurs jalouses" 1895:O grofu i njegovoj zloj materi 1160:The Boys with the Golden Stars 942:O grofu i njegovoj zloj materi 929:variant collected by linguist 695:published a tale in newspaper 156:The Twins with the Golden Star 126:The Boys with the Golden Stars 67:The Twins with the Golden Star 54:The Boys with the Golden Stars 22:The Boys with the Golden Stars 1: 3156:The Bird that Spoke the Truth 2791:Latviešu pasaku tipu rādītājs 2603:Parpulova, Lyubomira (1980). 2302:(in Romanian) (20): 107–108. 1855:Cei doi copii cu părul de aur 1503:Bradley-Birt, Francis Bradley 1476:Parpulova, Lyubomira (1980). 1369:A Companion to the Fairy Tale 838:The Boys with the Golden Star 507:tale collected by folklorist 3033:Little Nightingale the Crier 2987:Silver Hair and Golden Curls 1654:(in Lithuanian) (XLVI): 97. 1355:Lang, Andrew; Philip, Neil. 1057:format, which he then named 868:variant published by author 845:Die zwei goldhaarigen Kinder 746:Die Schnitterin als Kaiserin 3259:Fiction about shapeshifting 2157:Schott, Arthur und Albert. 2144:Schott, Arthur and Albert. 1893:"The Count's Evil Mother" ( 610:Cei doi fraţi cu păr de aur 83:, or The Three Golden Sons) 3295: 3028:The Golden-Haired Children 3012:Mielikki and Her Nine Sons 2992:Sun, Moon and Morning Star 2904:Ancilotto, King of Provino 2831:Doi feți cu stea în frunte 2553:Kotseva, Yordanka (2002). 2266:Poveşti populare româneşti 2253:Poveşti populare româneşti 2240:Poveşti populare româneşti 2133:Poveşti populare româneşti 1860:(in Romanian) – via 1537:Dracott, Alice Elizabeth. 1208:("Hungarian Folk Tales") ( 1055:Boys With the Golden Stars 693:Atanasie Marian Marienescu 540:that are eaten by a goat. 346:The Love for Three Oranges 282:Ancilotto, King of Provino 258:The Boys With Golden Stars 247:Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index 187:Doi feți cu stea în frunte 163:Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index 134:Doi feți cu stea în frunte 106:Ancilotto, King of Provino 63:Doi feți cu stea în frunte 3135:Dog, and His Human Speech 2889:The Three Golden Children 2789:Arājs, Kārlis; Medne, A. 2733:. 6, 2019, pp. 17–19, 22. 2670:Wratislaw, Albert Henry. 2385:Magyar népmesekatalógus 2 2345:Magyar népmesekatalógus 2 2001:Magyar népmesekatalógus 2 1952:". In: Dobšinský, Pavol. 1935:". In: Dobšinský, Pavol. 1835:". In: Ispirescu, Petre. 1629:Carrière, Joseph Médard. 674:Arthur Carl Victor Schott 251:The Three Golden Children 167:The Three Golden Children 81:The Three Golden Children 26: 3110:The Story of Arab-Zandiq 2793:. Zinātne, 1977. p. 113. 2435:Róna-Sklarek, Elisabet. 2228:. Paris: E. Leroux: 189. 1687:Hartland, Edwin Sidney. 1462:Hahn, Johann Georg von. 1037:("The Wonderful Boys"). 952:and sourced it from the 843:Other Magyar variant is 820:Az aranyhajú két testvér 765:Trei fete mari in cînepă 437:The Story of Tam and Cam 321:The Tale of Two Brothers 3185:The Tale of Tsar Saltan 2957:The Tale of Tsar Saltan 2658:Народные русские сказки 2437:Ungarische Volksmärchen 2383:Dömötör Ákos (szerk.). 2343:Dömötör Ákos (szerk.). 2013:Haney, Jack V. (2015). 1999:Dömötör Ákos (szerk.). 1877:"It all comes to light" 874:The Golden-Haired Twins 724:A két aranyhajú gyermek 292:The reincarnation motif 270:The Tale of Tsar Saltan 114:The Tale of Tsar Saltan 3074:The Pretty Little Calf 2942:The Three Little Birds 2698:Erben, Karel Jaromír. 2565:] (in Bulgarian). 2510:Berneker, Erich Karl. 2357:Kovács, Ágnes (1963). 2321:Bódis, Zoltán (2013). 2294:Sîrf, Vitalii (2016). 2264:Sandu Timoc, Cristea. 2251:Sandu Timoc, Cristea. 2238:Sandu Timoc, Cristea. 2131:Sandu Timoc, Cristea. 1922:. SA: Svjetlost, 1997. 1357:A World of fairy tales 1130:of this format in the 1063:O jednom zlatom orechu 593: 498:Joseph Médard Carrière 274:The Three Little Birds 2216:Huet, Gédeon (1911). 2081:Haboucha, Reginetta. 1302:Roumanian Fairy Tales 1288:The Violet Fairy Book 1106:scholarship (namely, 1081:identified this as a 879:In an article in the 650:Slavic-speaking areas 589:The Violet Fairy Book 577: 426:The Four Champa Trees 333:Johann Georg von Hahn 286:Princess Belle-Etoile 151:The Violet Fairy Book 38:The Violet Fairy Book 3239:Romanian fairy tales 3049:The Story of Lalpila 2744:Vaitkevičienė, Daiva 2280:Poveshtʹ fantastiche 1851:Pop-Reteganul, Ion. 1644:Vaitkevičienė, Daiva 1507:Abanindranath Tagore 1404:Vaitkevičienė, Daiva 1108:Bronislava Kerbelytė 691:Romanian folklorist 603:Transylvanian Saxons 530:Roccaforte del Greco 433:Beauty and Pock Face 411:palm-leaf manuscript 3254:Fiction about twins 3218:The Golden Eggplant 3084:The Rich Khan Badma 2841:A két aranyhajú fiú 2717:. Zväzok III. 1927. 2146:Walachische Märchen 1790:Alexiou, Margaret. 1339:, II (1-2), p. 24. 1316:Convorbiri Literare 1214:A két aranyhajú fiú 1119:Daiva Vaitkevičienė 1079:Seán Ó Súilleabháin 1031:Karel Jaromír Erben 1015:Alexander Afanasyev 1007:Chudetsnye Malchiki 993:tale, "Блізняткі" ( 946:Erich Karl Berneker 915:Zwei goldene Kinder 686:Die goldenen kinder 351:Lyubomira Parpulova 297:Daiva Vaitkevičienė 192:Convorbiri Literare 16:Romanian fairy tale 3264:Romanian mythology 3089:Zarlik and Munglik 2997:Two Pieces of Nuts 2952:The Wicked Sisters 2613:Bulgarian Folklore 2563:Bulgarian Folklore 1598:Burmese Folk-Tales 1526:South Asian Review 1512:Bengal Fairy Tales 1486:Bulgarian Folklore 1321:2021-08-20 at the 1274:Rumänische Märchen 1212:), with the title 1183:, in his study on 1158:redaction follows 849:Brother and Sister 816:Az aranyhajú ikrek 729:In a variant from 720:Hungarian language 594: 580:Henry Justice Ford 327:India-born author 278:The Wicked Sisters 249:as type ATU 707, " 185:The Romanian tale 165:as type ATU 707, " 142:Rumänische Märchen 3244:Fictional princes 3226: 3225: 3164: 3163: 2947:The Bird of Truth 2835:Project Gutenberg 2778:978-5-91134-887-8 2752:Tautosakos darbai 2609:Български фолклор 2559:Български фолклор 2539:978-954-07-0156-1 2495:Strohal, Rudolf. 2172:Doi feti cotofeti 2170:Marienescu, At. " 2047:Чарадзейныя казкі 2029:Project MUSE 2024:978-1-4968-0278-1 1813:Saineanu, Lazar. 1706:; Russo, Joseph. 1704:Zipes, Jack David 1702:Pitrè, Giuseppe; 1672:Pitrè, Giuseppe. 1652:Tautosakos darbai 1618:978-81-264-6909-3 1596:Aung Maung Htin. 1482:Български фолклор 1412:Tautosakos darbai 1142:According to the 792:Romanian Cyrillic 761:Doi feţi logofeţi 705:Doi feti cotofeti 703:) with the title 614:Romanian language 256:Most versions of 123: 122: 3286: 3203:Calumniated Wife 3059:Saat Bhai Champa 2927: 2881: 2874: 2867: 2858: 2853: 2809: 2800: 2794: 2787: 2781: 2770: 2764: 2763: 2740: 2734: 2724: 2718: 2709: 2703: 2696: 2690: 2683: 2677: 2668: 2662: 2653: 2647: 2636: 2630: 2627: 2621: 2620: 2600: 2594: 2577: 2571: 2570: 2550: 2544: 2543: 2523: 2517: 2508: 2502: 2493: 2487: 2476: 2470: 2461: 2455: 2446: 2440: 2433: 2427: 2420: 2414: 2407: 2401: 2394: 2388: 2381: 2375: 2374: 2365:(in Hungarian). 2354: 2348: 2341: 2335: 2334: 2318: 2312: 2311: 2291: 2285: 2284: 2275: 2269: 2262: 2256: 2249: 2243: 2236: 2230: 2229: 2213: 2207: 2198: 2192: 2185: 2179: 2168: 2162: 2155: 2149: 2142: 2136: 2129: 2123: 2120: 2114: 2111: 2105: 2102: 2096: 2079: 2073: 2072: 2061: 2055: 2054: 2043: 2037: 2036: 2010: 2004: 1997: 1991: 1976: 1970: 1963: 1957: 1946: 1940: 1929: 1923: 1916: 1910: 1891: 1885: 1884: 1881:Gypsy folk-tales 1872: 1866: 1865: 1859: 1848: 1842: 1829: 1823: 1811: 1805: 1788: 1782: 1767: 1761: 1746: 1740: 1725: 1719: 1700: 1694: 1685: 1679: 1670: 1664: 1663: 1640: 1634: 1627: 1621: 1607: 1601: 1594: 1588: 1579: 1573: 1572: 1565: 1559: 1550: 1544: 1535: 1529: 1522: 1516: 1500: 1494: 1493: 1473: 1467: 1460: 1454: 1447: 1441: 1434: 1428: 1427: 1400: 1394: 1385: 1379: 1366: 1360: 1353: 1347: 1333: 1327: 1311: 1305: 1298: 1292: 1283: 1277: 1272:Kremnitz, Mite. 1270: 1254: 1247: 1241: 1230: 1189:Les Trois Soeurs 1182: 1116: 939: 911: 899: 789: 781:Grigore Botezatu 743: 631: 448:The Big Tortoise 403:The Four Princes 359: 341:Die Zederzitrone 316:Ancient Egyptian 171:Eastern European 136:) is a Romanian 31: 19: 3294: 3293: 3289: 3288: 3287: 3285: 3284: 3283: 3249:Fictional twins 3229: 3228: 3227: 3222: 3213:The Horse Lurja 3191: 3160: 3139: 3098: 3037: 3016: 2918: 2892: 2885: 2817: 2812: 2801: 2797: 2788: 2784: 2771: 2767: 2742: 2741: 2737: 2726:Fomin, Maxim. " 2725: 2721: 2710: 2706: 2697: 2693: 2684: 2680: 2669: 2665: 2654: 2650: 2637: 2633: 2628: 2624: 2602: 2601: 2597: 2578: 2574: 2552: 2551: 2547: 2540: 2525: 2524: 2520: 2509: 2505: 2494: 2490: 2477: 2473: 2462: 2458: 2447: 2443: 2434: 2430: 2421: 2417: 2411:Magyar népmesék 2409:János Erdélyi. 2408: 2404: 2396:Arnold Ipolyi. 2395: 2391: 2382: 2378: 2356: 2355: 2351: 2342: 2338: 2320: 2319: 2315: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2277: 2276: 2272: 2263: 2259: 2250: 2246: 2237: 2233: 2215: 2214: 2210: 2199: 2195: 2186: 2182: 2169: 2165: 2156: 2152: 2143: 2139: 2130: 2126: 2121: 2117: 2112: 2108: 2103: 2099: 2080: 2076: 2063: 2062: 2058: 2045: 2044: 2040: 2033:book 42506 2025: 2012: 2011: 2007: 1998: 1994: 1977: 1973: 1964: 1960: 1950:Zlati Bratkovia 1947: 1943: 1933:Zlati Bratkovia 1930: 1926: 1917: 1913: 1892: 1888: 1874: 1873: 1869: 1850: 1849: 1845: 1830: 1826: 1816:Basmele române: 1812: 1808: 1789: 1785: 1768: 1764: 1747: 1743: 1726: 1722: 1701: 1697: 1686: 1682: 1671: 1667: 1642: 1641: 1637: 1628: 1624: 1608: 1604: 1595: 1591: 1580: 1576: 1567: 1566: 1562: 1551: 1547: 1536: 1532: 1523: 1519: 1501: 1497: 1475: 1474: 1470: 1461: 1457: 1449:Stokes, Maive. 1448: 1444: 1435: 1431: 1402: 1401: 1397: 1386: 1382: 1367: 1363: 1354: 1350: 1334: 1330: 1323:Wayback Machine 1312: 1308: 1299: 1295: 1284: 1280: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1257: 1248: 1244: 1231: 1227: 1222: 1206:Magyar népmesék 1202: 1176: 1168: 1140: 1110: 1100: 1095: 1075: 1043: 1035:Podivní chlapci 1027:A. H. Wratislaw 987: 962: 940:with the title 933: 923: 905: 893: 891:Reinhold Köhler 887:Vatroslav Jagić 872:with the title 862: 857: 834:A mosolygó alma 808: 783: 773: 744:with the title 737: 667: 662: 646: 625: 572: 525: 490: 386:, collected in 384:The Real Mother 379:Sat Bhai Chompa 366: 364:Asian parallels 353: 343:, a variant of 294: 243: 238: 205: 183: 148:included it in 65: 41: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3292: 3290: 3282: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3231: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3199: 3197: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3189: 3181: 3177:The Green Bird 3172: 3170: 3166: 3165: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3158: 3153: 3147: 3145: 3141: 3140: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3106: 3104: 3100: 3099: 3097: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3045: 3043: 3039: 3038: 3036: 3035: 3030: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3017: 3015: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2933: 2931: 2924: 2920: 2919: 2917: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2900: 2898: 2897:Literary tales 2894: 2893: 2886: 2884: 2883: 2876: 2869: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2837: 2828: 2816: 2815:External links 2813: 2811: 2810: 2802:Mazon, André. 2795: 2782: 2765: 2735: 2719: 2704: 2691: 2678: 2663: 2648: 2631: 2622: 2595: 2572: 2545: 2538: 2518: 2503: 2488: 2471: 2456: 2441: 2428: 2422:Antal Horger. 2415: 2402: 2389: 2376: 2349: 2336: 2313: 2286: 2270: 2257: 2244: 2231: 2208: 2193: 2187:Kovács Ágnes. 2180: 2163: 2150: 2137: 2124: 2115: 2106: 2097: 2074: 2056: 2051:Tales of Magic 2038: 2023: 2005: 1992: 1971: 1958: 1941: 1924: 1911: 1907:Hrvatske bajke 1901:tale from the 1886: 1867: 1843: 1824: 1806: 1783: 1762: 1741: 1720: 1695: 1680: 1665: 1635: 1622: 1602: 1589: 1574: 1560: 1545: 1530: 1517: 1495: 1468: 1455: 1442: 1429: 1395: 1380: 1361: 1348: 1328: 1306: 1293: 1285:Lang, Andrew. 1278: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1242: 1224: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1201: 1198: 1167: 1164: 1139: 1136: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1074: 1071: 1045:Czech scholar 1042: 1039: 1033:with the name 986: 983: 961: 958: 931:Rudolf Strohal 922: 919: 903:Српски летопис 861: 858: 856: 853: 807: 804: 772: 769: 666: 663: 661: 658: 645: 642: 598:Lazar Saineanu 571: 568: 524: 521: 509:Giuseppe Pitré 489: 486: 365: 362: 305:metempsychosis 293: 290: 242: 239: 237: 234: 215:The emperor's 204: 201: 182: 179: 121: 120: 99: 95: 94: 89: 85: 84: 77: 74:Aarne–Thompson 70: 69: 60: 56: 55: 52: 48: 47: 43: 42: 32: 24: 23: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3291: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3208:Champa Si Ton 3206: 3204: 3201: 3200: 3198: 3196:Related tales 3194: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3179: 3178: 3174: 3173: 3171: 3167: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3148: 3146: 3142: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3107: 3105: 3101: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3046: 3044: 3040: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3019: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2934: 2932: 2928: 2925: 2921: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2890: 2882: 2877: 2875: 2870: 2868: 2863: 2862: 2859: 2852: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2838: 2836: 2832: 2829: 2827:(in Romanian) 2826: 2822: 2819: 2818: 2814: 2807: 2806: 2799: 2796: 2792: 2786: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2769: 2766: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2739: 2736: 2732: 2729: 2723: 2720: 2716: 2715: 2708: 2705: 2701: 2695: 2692: 2688: 2682: 2679: 2675: 2674: 2667: 2664: 2660: 2659: 2652: 2649: 2645: 2644:985-01-0473-2 2641: 2635: 2632: 2626: 2623: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2599: 2596: 2592: 2591:9789514107719 2588: 2584: 2583: 2576: 2573: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2549: 2546: 2541: 2535: 2531: 2530: 2522: 2519: 2515: 2514: 2507: 2504: 2500: 2499: 2492: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2475: 2472: 2468: 2467: 2460: 2457: 2453: 2452: 2445: 2442: 2438: 2432: 2429: 2425: 2419: 2416: 2412: 2406: 2403: 2399: 2393: 2390: 2386: 2380: 2377: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2353: 2350: 2346: 2340: 2337: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2317: 2314: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2290: 2287: 2282: 2281: 2274: 2271: 2267: 2261: 2258: 2254: 2248: 2245: 2241: 2235: 2232: 2227: 2224:(in French). 2223: 2219: 2212: 2209: 2205: 2204: 2197: 2194: 2190: 2184: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2167: 2164: 2160: 2154: 2151: 2147: 2141: 2138: 2134: 2128: 2125: 2119: 2116: 2110: 2107: 2101: 2098: 2094: 2093:9781317549352 2090: 2086: 2085: 2078: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2060: 2057: 2052: 2048: 2042: 2039: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2020: 2016: 2009: 2006: 2002: 1996: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1975: 1972: 1968: 1962: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1928: 1925: 1921: 1915: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1890: 1887: 1882: 1878: 1871: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1856: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1839: 1834: 1828: 1825: 1821: 1820: 1817: 1810: 1807: 1803: 1802:0-8014-3301-0 1799: 1795: 1794: 1787: 1784: 1780: 1779:960-7138-13-9 1776: 1772: 1766: 1763: 1759: 1758:960-7138-13-9 1755: 1751: 1745: 1742: 1738: 1737:960-7138-13-9 1734: 1730: 1724: 1721: 1717: 1716:9781136094347 1713: 1709: 1705: 1699: 1696: 1692: 1691: 1684: 1681: 1677: 1676: 1669: 1666: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1639: 1636: 1632: 1626: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1606: 1603: 1599: 1593: 1590: 1586: 1585: 1578: 1575: 1570: 1564: 1561: 1557: 1556: 1549: 1546: 1542: 1541: 1534: 1531: 1527: 1521: 1518: 1514: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1496: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1472: 1469: 1465: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1446: 1443: 1439: 1433: 1430: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1377:0-85991-784-3 1374: 1370: 1365: 1362: 1358: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1332: 1329: 1325: 1324: 1320: 1317: 1310: 1307: 1303: 1297: 1294: 1290: 1289: 1282: 1279: 1275: 1269: 1266: 1260: 1252: 1246: 1243: 1239: 1236:and his wife 1235: 1229: 1226: 1219: 1217: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1193:cypress trees 1190: 1186: 1180: 1175: 1172: 1165: 1163: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1152:Brīnuma bērni 1149: 1145: 1137: 1135: 1133: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1114: 1109: 1105: 1097: 1093:Baltic Region 1092: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1072: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1049:identified a 1048: 1040: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1003: 1000: 996: 992: 984: 982: 979: 975: 970: 967: 959: 957: 955: 951: 947: 943: 937: 932: 928: 920: 918: 916: 912: 909: 904: 897: 892: 888: 884: 883: 877: 875: 871: 870:Elodie Lawton 867: 859: 854: 852: 850: 846: 841: 839: 835: 830: 828: 823: 821: 817: 813: 805: 803: 801: 797: 793: 787: 782: 778: 770: 768: 766: 762: 757: 755: 751: 747: 741: 736: 732: 727: 725: 721: 716: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 689: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 664: 659: 657: 655: 651: 643: 641: 637: 635: 629: 624: 618: 615: 611: 606: 604: 599: 591: 590: 585: 581: 576: 569: 567: 565: 560: 556: 554: 550: 546: 541: 539: 535: 531: 522: 520: 518: 514: 510: 506: 501: 499: 495: 488:Other regions 487: 485: 482: 477: 473: 469: 465: 460: 457: 453: 449: 445: 440: 438: 434: 429: 427: 423: 422:Champa Si Ton 419: 414: 412: 408: 404: 400: 399:Champa Si Ton 396: 391: 389: 385: 381: 380: 375: 371: 363: 361: 357: 352: 348: 347: 342: 338: 334: 330: 325: 323: 322: 317: 313: 308: 306: 302: 301:reincarnation 298: 291: 289: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 262: 259: 254: 252: 248: 240: 235: 233: 229: 226: 221: 218: 213: 211: 202: 200: 198: 194: 193: 188: 180: 178: 176: 172: 168: 164: 159: 157: 153: 152: 147: 143: 140:collected in 139: 135: 131: 127: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 100: 96: 93: 90: 86: 82: 78: 75: 71: 68: 64: 61: 59:Also known as 57: 53: 49: 44: 39: 36: 35:Andrew Lang's 30: 25: 20: 3183: 3175: 2961: 2840: 2803: 2798: 2790: 2785: 2768: 2751: 2738: 2731: 2722: 2712: 2707: 2699: 2694: 2686: 2681: 2671: 2666: 2656: 2651: 2634: 2625: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2598: 2580: 2575: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2548: 2528: 2521: 2511: 2506: 2496: 2491: 2483: 2474: 2464: 2459: 2449: 2444: 2436: 2431: 2423: 2418: 2410: 2405: 2397: 2392: 2384: 2379: 2370: 2366: 2363:Ethnographia 2362: 2352: 2344: 2339: 2330: 2326: 2316: 2299: 2289: 2279: 2273: 2265: 2260: 2252: 2247: 2239: 2234: 2225: 2221: 2211: 2201: 2196: 2188: 2183: 2175: 2166: 2158: 2153: 2145: 2140: 2132: 2127: 2118: 2109: 2100: 2082: 2077: 2069: 2065: 2059: 2050: 2046: 2041: 2014: 2008: 2000: 1995: 1979: 1974: 1966: 1961: 1953: 1944: 1936: 1927: 1919: 1914: 1906: 1894: 1889: 1880: 1870: 1854: 1846: 1836: 1827: 1814: 1809: 1791: 1786: 1770: 1765: 1749: 1744: 1728: 1723: 1707: 1698: 1688: 1683: 1673: 1668: 1651: 1638: 1630: 1625: 1609: 1605: 1597: 1592: 1582: 1577: 1563: 1553: 1548: 1538: 1533: 1525: 1520: 1510: 1498: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1471: 1463: 1458: 1450: 1445: 1437: 1432: 1411: 1398: 1388: 1383: 1368: 1364: 1356: 1351: 1336: 1331: 1314: 1309: 1301: 1296: 1286: 1281: 1273: 1268: 1250: 1245: 1237: 1233: 1228: 1213: 1205: 1203: 1188: 1169: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1141: 1101: 1082: 1076: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1053:tale of the 1047:Jiri Polivka 1044: 1034: 1006: 1004: 994: 988: 971: 963: 949: 941: 924: 914: 901: 880: 878: 873: 863: 855:South Slavic 844: 842: 837: 833: 832:In the tale 831: 826: 825:In the tale 824: 819: 815: 809: 800:walnut trees 795: 774: 764: 760: 758: 749: 745: 731:Siebenburgen 728: 723: 717: 712: 708: 704: 696: 690: 685: 672: 668: 647: 638: 619: 609: 607: 595: 587: 570:Distribution 563: 561: 557: 544: 542: 526: 516: 502: 493: 491: 471: 461: 447: 446:tale titled 441: 430: 425: 421: 415: 402: 398: 392: 383: 377: 373: 367: 344: 340: 329:Maive Stokes 326: 319: 311: 309: 295: 263: 257: 255: 244: 230: 222: 214: 206: 197:Ioan Slavici 190: 186: 184: 160: 155: 149: 141: 133: 125: 124: 66: 62: 37: 3279:ATU 700-749 3274:Infanticide 3169:Adaptations 3094:Molla Badji 3021:Middle East 2333:(2): 17–32. 2203:Das Ausland 1251:Batamärchen 1200:Adaptations 1177: [ 1174:André Mazon 1111: [ 1102:Similarly, 978:cornflowers 934: [ 906: [ 894: [ 885:, scholars 784: [ 738: [ 735:Franz Obert 644:Development 634:West Slavic 626: [ 584:Andrew Lang 545:La tisseuse 420:version of 354: [ 177:countries. 146:Andrew Lang 3233:Categories 2825:Wikisource 1988:9631762823 1862:Wikisource 1261:References 1234:Făt-Voinic 1123:apple tree 1104:Lithuanian 991:Belarusian 756:) sprout. 750:Tännenbaum 733:by author 680:tale from 476:Cinderella 466:tale from 452:paddy-bird 337:Asia Minor 312:frappantes 217:stepmother 138:fairy tale 3064:Kiranmala 2760:1392-2831 2308:1857-2049 1660:1392-2831 1420:1392-2831 1345:2247-7330 1220:Footnotes 1171:Slavicist 1127:pear tree 1098:Lithuania 999:sycamores 995:The Twins 966:Bulgarian 956:dialect. 954:Kajkavian 812:Hungarian 790:with the 754:fir trees 623:Lev Barag 549:cypresses 538:aubergine 513:Montevago 372:folktale 318:story of 79:ATU 707 ( 46:Folk tale 2923:Variants 2746:(2013). 1903:Karlovac 1899:Croatian 1646:(2013). 1424:Archived 1406:(2013). 1319:Archived 1134:region. 1067:nut tree 1041:Slovakia 960:Bulgaria 927:Croatian 840:format. 777:Moldovan 771:Moldavia 678:Romanian 660:Variants 654:sycamore 553:platanus 551:and one 534:Calabria 505:Sicilian 474:(also a 284:", and " 236:Analysis 203:Synopsis 175:Balkanic 130:Romanian 76:grouping 3188:(Opera) 3180:(Opera) 3144:America 2615:]. 2482:". 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Index


Andrew Lang's
Aarne–Thompson
The Three Golden Children
Romania
The Dancing Water, the Singing Apple, and the Speaking Bird
Ancilotto, King of Provino
Princess Belle-Étoile and Prince Chéri
The Tale of Tsar Saltan
A String of Pearls Twined with Golden Flowers
Romanian
fairy tale
Andrew Lang
The Violet Fairy Book
Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index
The Three Golden Children
Eastern European
Balkanic
Convorbiri Literare
Ioan Slavici
dragon
stepmother
aspens
Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index
The Three Golden Children
The Dancing Water, the Singing Apple, and the Speaking Bird
The Tale of Tsar Saltan
The Three Little Birds
The Wicked Sisters
Ancilotto, King of Provino

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