1567:(25 September – 13 October) and the extension of the British front in early 1916, the BEF was at a tactical disadvantage against the German army, on wetter ground, easily observed from German positions. When the BEF took over more of the Western Front from the French, it was to be held lightly with outposts, while a better line was surveyed further back. The survey revealed that all of the French gains of 1915 would have to be abandoned, a proposal that the French rejected out of hand. For political reasons, giving up ground around Ypres in Belgium was also unacceptable, only an advance could be contemplated to improve the positions of the BEF. Since the French and British anticipated early advances in 1916, there seemed little point in working on defences, when the Germans were building more elaborate defences, except at Verdun. Rather than continue the informal truces that had developed between French and German trench garrisons, the British kept an active front and five of the German local attacks in the period were retaliation for three British set-piece attacks.
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incompatible weapons and ammunition. A substantial cadre of German pre-war trained officers NCOs and soldiers remained; the
British wartime volunteers gained experience in minor tactics but success usually came from machine-guns and the accuracy and quantity of artillery support, not individual skill and bravery. In the underground war, the BEF tunnellers overtook their German counterparts in technological ability and ambition. With sufficient artillery, the capture of a small part of the opponents' line was possible but holding it depended on the response of the opponent. When the Bluff was captured, the British retaliated and retook it and Mount Sorrel and Tor Top were retaken by Canadian troops; when the British took ground at St Eloi and Vimy Ridge, the Germans took it back. The constant local fighting was costly but enabled the mass of inexperienced British troops to gain experience, yet had the front been less densely occupied, more troops could have trained and the wisdom of each school of thought was debated at the time and ever since.
1430:, the corps artillery commander, proposed a surprise attack with no preliminary artillery-fire. The commanders agreed on a plan to bombard the German defences until the original zero hour at dusk, cease-fire, move up the attack force overnight and attack after a 90-minute dawn bombardment. No date was set because of the weather and incomplete artillery registration but the attack would occur on the second morning after a day with good enough weather to finish registering the guns. As the front line curved eastwards north of the 17th (Northern) Division, four heavy guns were dug in and camouflaged on Observatory Ridge, to fire along the Germans trenches during the attack. Plumer suggested that the 90-minute bombardment be dispensed with for surprise and at a conference, it was agreed that there should be a bombardment at
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1344:, hand-grenade specialists had been renamed bombers and had recently been issued with steel helmets) and Lewis gunners having arrived on 13 February. During the relief, the Bluff was the responsibility of another brigade and two battalions were mixed up; the brigade machine-gun companies, which had joined the division the day previous, were still behind the front line. On the morning of 14 February, the left flank of the 52nd Brigade at the canal and the fronts of the 51st Brigade and the rest of the V Corps front to the north, were subjected to several bombardments by German heavy artillery and after
1405:) of the 3rd Division, which had been resting out of the line, took over with attached artillery and engineers from the 51st Brigade and began to consolidate a new line. The ground had been smashed up by artillery-fire and was cut with derelict trenches; the Bluff was enclosed by the canal and a stream on the north side which made the ground swampy. The terraces adjoining the canal limited a frontal approach to an embankment 80 yd (73 m) wide but which tapered to 30 yd (27 m), with no cover and visible from the German defences on the south side of the canal.
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cover, expecting the artillery salvo after the usual two-minute pause and the rest of the garrison was in dug-outs in the western face of the large crater. To the north, the attackers overran the objective on the Bean, which they did not recognise, because the trenches had been obliterated. Parties which ventured further forward suffered many casualties and the survivors were pulled back to the objective where consolidation began. Later on, some
Germans who had been bypassed opened fire but soon surrendered and
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1054:. The woods usually had undergrowth but the fields in gaps between the woods were 800–1,000 yd (730–910 m) wide and devoid of cover. Roads in this area were usually unpaved, except for the main ones from Ypres, ribboned with occasional villages and houses. The lowland west of the ridge was a mixture of meadows and fields, with high hedgerows dotted with trees, cut by streams and ditches emptying into canals. The main road to Ypres from
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north. Each battalion had attached sections of the 56th and East Riding companies RE and tunnelling parties. A battalion was in support of the right-flank battalion and another support battalion was to be available to all three, with two companies behind the centre battalion and a battalion in reserve. On the far right of the attack, a raiding party was to demolish any German mine shafts found along the canal bank. Nine
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948:. The BEF was at a tactical disadvantage, on low boggy ground, easily observed from German positions. A retirement to more defensible ground was impossible but rather than conserving manpower and resources with a tacit truce, the British kept an active front and five of the German local attacks in the period were retaliation for three British set-piece attacks.
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success usually came from firepower; in the underground war, the BEF tunnellers overtook the
Germans in technological ability and ambition. Capturing a portion of the opposing front line proved possible but holding it depended on the opponent. When the Bluff was captured, the British retook it; at the
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and severely damaged the old and new front lines, which took much work to repair. One of the trenches was named
International Trench after the dead from three armies were discovered. GR 123 had been exhausted by the 36-hour preparatory bombardment, which destroyed the German positions. In the evening
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A platoon sent to replace the men trapped in The Tunnel was killed and the Bluff was captured, as were the front trenches of the 10th
Sherwood. Some German troops pressed on to the British support trenches but were repulsed. Parties of IR 124 also got into trenches and the Ravine on the left, held by
1445:
The
British attack was to capture more than had been lost, by digging a new line across a feature known as the Bean to protect a re-entrant in the old front line. The right-hand battalion was to retake New Year Trench, the Bluff and Loop Trench, the central and left-hand battalions to attack further
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the 76th
Brigade was relieved by the 52nd Brigade to rest for the attack and its four battalions were equipped with steel helmets, along with two battalions of the 51st Brigade attached for the operation. The force practised on a replica of the German positions copied from aerial photographs, as the
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IR 124 held the Bluff and the 51st
Brigade line from the canal to the Ravine. During the afternoon the 52nd Brigade was relieved of responsibility for the north bank and two battalions of the 50th Brigade were sent forward for a counter-attack against the Bluff. During the night bombing attacks were
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further north. The only crossing of the canal was a plank bridge some distance back from New Year Trench and although the rule that a topographical feature going through a position should not be used as a unit boundary was followed, only a platoon of the 10th
Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers held the
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Division. The division found the defences in good repair and well-drained, although mostly sandbag breastworks rather than trenches. There was a vulnerable spot at the south end of the line, where the Bluff overlooked the German defences. Previously a mine had been exploded under the Bluff but to no
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Two minutes later the artillery began a barrage behind the objectives and took the
Germans by surprise, except on the left, where a German machine-gun crew cut down two platoons. The waves of infantry easily walked over the remaining wire unopposed. The German sentries at the Bluff were found under
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and three 4-inch Stokes mortars were placed in groups on either side of the canal; the bombardment began on 1 March and the Stokes mortars were able to hit areas that the howitzers could not reach. Observation revealed that nearly all the German defences on the Bluff had been destroyed but trenches
1425:
German artillery bombardments slowed the work; stormy weather and then snowfalls from 27 February outlined the new trenches and on 28 February, the attack was put back to 2 March, after the cold and snow ended with a thaw which turned the ground into slush; the following days were cold and wet with
1413:
The 76th Brigade planned to attack against the width of the lost trenches at dusk, to have the maximum time for consolidation, preferably on 29 February. Both sides kept up the bombardment and German casualties were so severe that IR 124 was relieved from 20 to 22 February by Grenadier Regiment 123
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the shelling of the 51st Brigade and the 24th Division front at Hooge increased. The platoon of the 10th Lancashire Fusiliers on the Bluff took cover in The Tunnel, formerly a German mine gallery from the Bluff to the canal. Trench mortar and howitzer fire, which was usual before an infantry attack
1105:
in 1914, the front line ran at a right angle across the canal, which was still full of water. The British front line on the north bank ran here, just east of the Bluff. No man's land was about 150 yd (140 m) wide and narrowed to about 40 yd (37 m) opposite a German salient about
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and converging artillery bombardments. An occupier has the advantage of artillery deployments and the movement of reinforcements, supplies and stores being screened from view. The ridge had woods from Wytschaete to Zonnebeke, giving good cover, some being of notable size like Polygon Wood and those
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the British front parapet had been demolished and a mine detonation buried the party sheltering in The Tunnel, killing all but three men; two mines were blown on the left of the 10th Sherwood Foresters (10th Sherwood) on the left of the 51st Brigade. IR 124 attacked on a 0.5 mi (0.80 km)
1080:
Spoil banks had been created during the digging of the Ypres–Comines Canal, connecting the Yser lowlands with the Lys river valley. The canal cutting runs through a low point between Messines Ridge and the higher ground south-east of Ypres, about 1.5 mi (2.4 km) east of St Eloi and near
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the 8th South Staffordshire. The Germans were also quickly forced back but the two companies reserved for an instant counter-attack on the Bluff were delayed by a command mix-up, the men went forward piecemeal and conducted an indecisive bombing fight with the Germans for the rest of the night.
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The Germans had better weapons and with a homogenous army, could transfer troops and equipment along the Western Front easier than the Franco–British. The German army still had many pre-war trained officers NCOs and soldiers; the British wartime volunteers gained experience in minor tactics but
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Canal before the war. From 14 to 15 February and on 2 March 1916, the Germans and the British fought for control of the Bluff, the Germans capturing the mound and defeating counter-attacks only for the British to recapture it and a stretch of the German front line, after pausing to prepare a
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the ridge is 4,000 yd (2.3 mi; 3.7 km) distant and recedes to 7,000 yd (4.0 mi; 6.4 km) at Polygon Wood. Wytschaete is about 150 ft (46 m) above the plain; on the Ypres–Menin road at Hooge, the elevation is about 100 ft (30 m) and 70 ft
1570:
In early 1916, the Germans had an advantage in trench warfare equipment, being equipped with more and better hand grenades, rifle grenades and trench mortars. It was easier for the Germans to transfer troops, artillery and ammunition along the Western Front than the Franco-British, who had
1310:
managed to see enough to report that a German offensive was unlikely. The RFC concentrated on artillery-observation for the British heavy guns and in February arranged a standard call "general artillery action" at which all aircraft stopped routine operations for artillery-observation and
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The 51st Brigade held a 1,300 yd (1,200 m) front with three battalions and one in reserve, half kept ready for an immediate counter-attack if the Bluff was captured. One battalion was moving up to relieve one of the front battalions, its bombers (after complaints from the
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Mt Sorrel and Tor Top were retaken by the Canadians and British gains at St Eloi and Vimy Ridge were lost to German attacks. Had the British occupied the front less densely, more training could have taken place and the wisdom of each policy was debated at the time and since.
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The Germans attacked again during the evening and were repulsed; another attack on 19 February also got into the front line for a short time. On 14 February, after a bombardment and the springing of several small mines, German infantry attacked several times against the
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continued at the Bluff by tunnelling companies of the Royal Engineers. After a prisoner drew a map of the German mine workings, the British dug a deep system under the galleries beyond the German lines. On 11 December, several big
1392:
on 16 February, the British commanders accepted that the counter-attacks were futile and that it would take a set-piece attack to dislodge the Germans. Plumer gave the task to troops who knew the ground and on the night of
1025:
heights are subtle but have the character of a saucer lip around Ypres. The main ridge has spurs sloping east and one is particularly noticeable at Wytschaete, which runs 2 mi (3.2 km) south-east to Messines
1085:. At this point the canal is 120 ft (37 m) wide, in a cutting made higher by 20–30 ft (6.1–9.1 m) banks, extending on the north side to a feature marked on British maps as the Bluff and called the
2317:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan.
2295:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan.
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were sprung and the German mine galleries were captured, making it impossible for German tunnellers to retaliate and the area was declared safe. On 7 June 1917, the Germans were driven from the area during the
1726:
had given warning of the German attempt and the 7th Canadian Battalion occupied the crater before the German infantry arrived. On 29 July, Canadian troops raided the German lines at St Eloi, inflicted about
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was diverted from its mining at St Eloi to dig a defensive mine system to prevent the Germans trying again; waterlogging and the loose soil along the canal back caused the miners much difficulty.
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1255:) in Flanders, conducted several operations around the Ypres Salient, with artillery bombardments and bombardments followed by attacks. On 12 February, the Germans attacked near Boesinghe (
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The raiders blew in the gallery in no man's land that led to the Bluff but those from the 172nd Tunnelling Company were killed by machine-gun fire. The German artillery reply began at
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sleet and snow. The attackers could not wait for 15 to 18 hours but a dusk attack meant moving up the night before. Pratt wanted a long preparatory bombardment and Brigadier-General
1042:) Spur; the Oosttaverne Spur, also parallel, is to the east. The general aspect south of Ypres is of low ridges and dips, gradually flattening to the north into a featureless plain.
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1414:(GR 123), which found that the German defences had been destroyed and had to take post in scraps of trench and shell-holes, living up to the waist in water. Over the nights of
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Bluff, the rest of the battalion being on the south bank. The 50th Brigade was in V Corps reserve which left only one battalion in reserve for the 17th (Northern) Division.
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but all this achieved was a crater about 100 yd (91 m) wide, which the British occupied and made into another defensive position. After the big mine explosion of
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52nd Brigade laboured on jumping-off trenches in the remnants of a sheltered wood, communication trenches, burying telephone cables and carrying ammunition and stores.
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2278:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II. London: Macmillan.
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by the Germans. The Bluff was 30 ft (9.1 m) high, steep on the west side, with a gentle slope to the east and one of the best vantage points in the
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relieved the 30th Division in about 2 mi (3.2 km) of the front line from the Ypres–Comines Canal to Zillibeke, south of the positions of the 26th
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by when the British had emptied their front line and made rapid progress in consolidation. The German artillery continued a high rate of fire until
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Corps commander, Watter, had given orders for a methodical attack at the Bluff by Infantry Regiment 124 (IR 124), despite a judgement from General
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1140:. During October and November, the Germans blew two mines under the British lines about 150 yd (140 m) north of the canal. In November,
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field gun was brought up to the front line on the left flank, to demolish 40 yd (37 m) of the German front line to make an obstacle.
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The fighting at the Bluff was one of nine sudden attacks for local gains made by the Germans and the British between the appointment of Sir
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The fighting at the Bluff was one of nine sudden attacks for local gains made by the Germans or the British between the appointment of Sir
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The Germans dug long galleries beneath the Bluff and on 25 July the 1st Company, 24th Pioneers blew a mine under the ridge. The
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2488:. The Work of the Royal Engineers in the European War, 1914–19. Chatham: The Secretary, Institution of Royal Engineers. 1922.
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front from the canal to a feature known as the Ravine, a stream parallel to the canal. The British front line was captured by
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shafts, about 50–70 yd (46–64 m) apart, into the blue clay from the Bluff to St Eloi. In late December, the 27th
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with line straightening operations and giving the impression that reinforcements had arrived. From 8 to 19 February, the
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and the Bluff, which required new drafts of British tunnellers for several months after the formation of the first eight
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Military Operations France and Belgium, 1914: Antwerp, La Bassée, Armentières, Messines and Ypres October–November 1914
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2379:. Official History of the Canadian Army in the First World War. Ottawa: Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery.
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of 1918 and it changed hands for the last time on 28 September 1918, after an attack by the 14th (Light) Division.
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and supported by many machine-guns were able to repulse the Germans. (Each attacker had carried two grenades and
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1004:). The high point of the ridge is at Wytschaete, 7,000 yd (4.0 mi; 6.4 km) from Ypres, while at
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Military Operations France and Belgium, 1916: Sir Douglas Haig's Command to the 1st July: Battle of the Somme
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bombers from GR 123 and parties from IR 124 and IR 127 counter-attacked. The British bombers, with plenty of
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then a lift and a barrage to simulate an attack. After cessation of the bombardment, Pratt was to decide at
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Possession of the higher ground to the south and east of Ypres gives ample scope for ground observation,
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1323:, 50th Division and the 24th Division. The 17th (Northern) Division had relieved the 3rd Division from
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on a 4,000 yd (2.3 mi; 3.7 km) front, either side of the Ypres–Comines Canal, with the
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on the south side responsible for the canal, the Bluff and New Year Trench on the north side and the
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Map showing topography and locations in the Ypres district (containing details of operations in 1917)
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effect and the division began a greater mining effort. A bigger mine was detonated on the night of
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to the south-west and from the east by low hills running south-west to north-east with Wytschaete (
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and got into the front line, until driven back by a prompt counter-attack, the British suffering
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if there was to be a 20-minute bombardment before the attack, depending on the German response.
1101:. To the north, the ground rises for 0.75 mi (1.2 km) to Hill 60 and Hooge. After the
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Military Operations France and Belgium: 1918 March–April: Continuation of the German Offensives
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Work in the Field Under the Engineer-in-Chief, B. E. F.: Geological Work on the Western Front
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1038:(Plugstreet to the British) and Hill 63. West of Messines Ridge is the parallel Wulverghem (
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The 17th (Northern) divisional history gives casualties from 1 March to late on 2 March as
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all objectives had been taken, apart from a machine-gun post at the junction of trenches
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In the spring of 1915, there was constant underground fighting in the Ypres Salient at
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them were only taken from the dug-outs at the Bluff after resisting into the evening.
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were sent to the rear. On the left flank the British troops were reinforced and by
1286:, the previous corps commander, that the Bluff was easier to capture than to hold.
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Operations in Flanders, FWW, 1916, by the German 4th Army and British Second Army
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1009:(21 m) at Passchendaele. The rises are slight apart from the vicinity of
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2468:. War in the Twentieth Century (Star ed.). London: Frederick Muller.
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in the 17th (Northern) Division. From 14 to 18 February, IR 124 suffered
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The wooded ridge is now a provincial nature reserve and picnic area,
1294:
The purpose of the German diversionary operations was unknown to the
2438:[World War I in Westhoek]. The Great War in Flanders Fields
2135:
2133:
1106:
400 yd (370 m) north, called the Bean by the British and
1034:
to the west. Further south is the muddy valley of the Douve River,
4363:
1217:
1069:
1027:
969:
921:
246:
928:, created from a spoil heap made during the digging of the Ypres–
904:
were local operations in 1916 carried out in Flanders during the
1155:
394:
2572:
1319:) front ran from south of St Eloi to Hooge and was held by the
1180:
Division and took over part of the line on 6 January 1916. The
398:
275:
2568:
2336:(Naval & Military Press ed.). London: R. Maclehose.
1972:
1970:
1668:
From 14 to 17 February the 17th (Northern) Division suffered
1306:(RFC) were made more difficult by the bad winter weather but
1223:
Front lines after the First and Second battles of Ypres, 1915
1162:) was transferred from the Argonne to Flanders to reform the
1075:
Ypres district, showing the course of the Ypres–Comines Canal
1909:
1907:
1555:
as commander in chief of the BEF and the beginning of the
1232:(21 February – 18 December 1916), the German armies on the
1201:
the British fortified the front lip of the crater and the
2202:
2200:
1676:
and from 2 to 4 March, the attacking battalions suffered
2252:
Barton, Peter; Doyle, Peter; Vanderwalle, Johan (2005).
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1388:
made but attempts to follow up with infantry failed; at
2254:
Beneath Flanders Fields: The Tunnellers' War 1914–1918
1886:
1703:
casualties on 2 March, GR 123 suffering casualties of
1578:
1506:
had captured the machine-gun nest. The attackers took
1349:
led the defenders to request heavy artillery support.
2417:(in Dutch). Provincie West-Vlaanderen. Archived from
1276:
at Hooge and either side of Sanctuary Wood. The XIII
1731:
and repulsed a German raid at Hill 60 on 12 August.
382:
Orders of battle for the German attack on Vimy Ridge
4750:
Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom
4648:
4569:
4508:
4470:
4414:
4403:
4307:
4279:
4227:
4149:
4123:
4075:
4028:
3968:
3961:
3789:
3671:
3553:
3455:
3382:
3283:
3187:
3149:
3084:
3075:
3018:
2892:
2881:
2847:
2819:
2781:
2733:
2686:
2679:
2139:
2072:
2024:
2000:
1855:
1469:to the north had been improved and re-wired. The
1302:). Reconnaissance flights by the new II Brigade
1062:is in a defile, easily observed from the ridge.
3545:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
1050:later named Battle Wood, Shrewsbury Forest and
36:
2584:
410:
287:
8:
2538:"Cycling Belgium's Waterways: Comines–Ieper"
1277:
1245:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1149:
1107:
1092:
1086:
1749:. The Germans re-took the Bluff during the
1138:Tunnelling companies of the Royal Engineers
303:Local operations, December 1915 – June 1916
4740:Battles of the Western Front (World War I)
4411:
4120:
4025:
3965:
3081:
2889:
2683:
2591:
2577:
2569:
1236:were ordered to divert attention from the
417:
403:
395:
294:
280:
272:
33:
2163:
1767:Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC)
1521:but the intense fire did not begin until
1017:From Hooge and to the east, the slope is
4745:Battles of World War I involving Germany
3827:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
1030:) with a gentle slope to the east and a
4204:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
2334:History of the 17th (Northern) Division
2218:
2206:
2191:
2151:
2124:
2112:
2100:
2088:
2076:
2060:
2048:
2036:
2012:
1988:
1976:
1961:
1949:
1937:
1925:
1913:
1874:
1843:
1831:
1824:
1798:
1489:The attackers were guided forward from
2564:Doings of the 172nd Tunnelling Company
2519:. The Long, Long Trail. Archived from
2373:Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914–1919
2179:
1683:in the 76th Brigade, 3rd Division and
4157:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
3500:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
2167:
1898:
7:
4561:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
1887:Barton, Doyle & Vanderwalle 2005
4490:Ottomans against the Triple Entente
3291:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
2230:
1228:As part of the German plan for the
3230:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
25:
2540:. Gamber Net Home. Archived from
1563:(22 April – 25 May 1915) and the
226:
126:The Bluff captured by the British
3593:Second Battle of the Piave River
3215:Russian invasion of East Prussia
2536:Karel, Roose (3 February 2003).
2332:Hilliard Atteridge, A. (2003) .
992:to the east of Verbrandenmolen,
944:(BEF), and the beginning of the
225:
218:
154:
141:
50:
4657:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo
3857:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
2436:"Wereldoorlog I in de Westhoek"
1724:1st Canadian Tunnelling Company
4480:Austria-Hungary against Serbia
4339:Deportations from East Prussia
4136:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia
2434:Vijver, Sander Van de (2008).
1290:British defensive preparations
1:
4720:Tunnel warfare in World War I
4391:Ukrainian Canadian internment
2353:Underground Warfare 1914–1918
1763:Provinciaal Domein Palingbeek
1253:Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg
1214:German offensive preparations
940:as commander in chief of the
4546:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement
3845:Estonian War of Independence
3520:Southern Palestine offensive
2370:Nicholson, G. W. L. (1962).
2355:. Pen & Sword Military.
2194:, pp. 162–163, 169–172.
1777:1st DCLI Cemetery, The Bluff
1311:reconnaissance sorties. The
916:. The Bluff is a mound near
68:14–15 February, 2 March 1916
4500:USA against Austria-Hungary
3899:Turkish War of Independence
3851:Latvian War of Independence
3583:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918
3174:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
2256:. Staplehurst: Spellmount.
1659:
1649:
1641:
1633:
1625:
1617:
1609:
1601:
1538:had been dumped close by.)
942:British Expeditionary Force
887:Western Front tactics, 1917
4776:
4583:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
4131:1899–1923 cholera pandemic
3598:Second Battle of the Marne
3485:Second battle of the Aisne
3354:Second Battle of Champagne
3195:German invasion of Belgium
1013:, which has a gradient of
4689:
4364:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)
3893:Irish War of Independence
3643:Armistice of Villa Giusti
3628:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
3240:First Battle of the Marne
2606:
1782:Hedge Row Trench Cemetery
434:
309:
245:The Bluff, south-east of
213:
196:
183:
166:
134:
60:
49:
41:
4516:Constantinople Agreement
3809:Armenian–Azerbaijani War
3672:Co-belligerent conflicts
3648:Second Romanian campaign
3618:Third Transjordan attack
3329:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
3235:Battle of Grand Couronné
2291:Edmonds, J. E. (1993) .
2154:, pp. 167, 172–173.
1747:Battle of Messines Ridge
1493:and attacked on time at
1321:17th (Northern) Division
1203:172nd Tunnelling Company
4579:Modus vivendi of Acroma
4531:Bulgaria–Germany treaty
3839:Greater Poland Uprising
3739:National Protection War
3623:Meuse–Argonne offensive
3573:German spring offensive
3568:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
3344:Siege of Novogeorgievsk
3319:Second Battle of Artois
3200:Battle of the Frontiers
2517:"Fighting at the Bluff"
2140:Hilliard Atteridge 2003
2073:Hilliard Atteridge 2003
2025:Hilliard Atteridge 2003
2001:Hilliard Atteridge 2003
1856:Hilliard Atteridge 2003
1160:Pfeil und Klein-Ellguth
980:Ypres is overlooked by
775:German spring offensive
4604:Paris Peace Conference
4592:Ukraine–Central Powers
4386:Massacres of Albanians
4354:Late Ottoman genocides
4161:Bulgarian occupations
3869:Third Anglo-Afghan War
3833:Hungarian–Romanian War
3658:Naval Victory Bulletin
3653:Armistice with Germany
3603:Hundred Days Offensive
3530:Battle of La Malmaison
3480:Second battle of Arras
3447:Battle of Transylvania
3301:Second Battle of Ypres
3169:Sarajevo assassination
3058:South African Republic
1561:Second Battle of Ypres
1278:
1246:
1225:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1150:
1108:
1093:
1087:
1077:
1021:near Hollebeke, it is
977:
167:Commanders and leaders
4614:Treaty of St. Germain
4587:Russia–Central Powers
4541:Sykes–Picot Agreement
4369:Pontic Greek genocide
4344:Destruction of Kalisz
4320:Eastern Mediterranean
3881:Polish–Lithuanian War
3663:Armistice of Belgrade
3633:Armistice of Salonica
3563:Operation Faustschlag
3510:Third Battle of Oituz
3432:Baranovichi offensive
3400:Lake Naroch offensive
3374:Battle of Robat Karim
3349:Vistula–Bug offensive
3324:Battles of the Isonzo
3255:First Battle of Ypres
2351:Jones, Simon (2010).
1718:Subsequent operations
1471:hurricane bombardment
1466:3-inch Stokes mortars
1409:17 February – 1 March
1284:Berthold von Deimling
1265:14th (Light) Division
1261:20th (Light) Division
1221:
1142:John Norton-Griffiths
1103:First Battle of Ypres
1073:
973:
954:Battle of Mont Sorrel
207:14–17 February: 1,294
197:Casualties and losses
4755:February 1916 events
4609:Treaty of Versailles
4325:Mount Lebanon famine
4240:in the United States
4208:Russian occupations
3922:Turkish–Armenian War
3863:Polish–Ukrainian War
3803:Ukrainian–Soviet War
3750:Central Asian Revolt
3540:Armistice of Focșani
3270:Battle of Sarikamish
3220:Battle of Tannenberg
2616:Military engagements
2464:Barrie, A. (1981) .
1991:, pp. 167, 173.
1812:in the 51st Brigade.
1315:(Lieutenant-General
1300:Horace Smith-Dorrien
902:Actions of the Bluff
882:French Army mutinies
877:1914 Christmas truce
647:Hohenzollern Redoubt
377:Hooge in World War I
327:Hohenzollern Redoubt
241:class=notpageimage|
173:Erich von Falkenhayn
97:50.81389°N 2.92444°E
4676:They shall not pass
4599:Treaty of Bucharest
4556:Treaty of Bucharest
4495:USA against Germany
4472:Declarations of war
4176:German occupations
4089:British casualties
3948:Soviet–Georgian War
3875:Egyptian Revolution
3815:Armeno-Georgian War
3679:Somaliland campaign
3638:Armistice of Mudros
3515:Battle of Caporetto
3505:Battle of Mărășești
3475:Zimmermann telegram
3470:February Revolution
3415:Battle of the Somme
3339:Bug-Narew Offensive
3314:Battle of Gallipoli
3306:Sinking of the RMS
3098:Scramble for Africa
3092:Franco-Prussian War
2748:Sinai and Palestine
2421:on 17 December 2007
2221:, pp. 204–209.
2115:, pp. 156–157.
2103:, pp. 155–156.
2091:, pp. 171–173.
2079:, pp. 170–171.
2063:, pp. 170–171.
2051:, pp. 169–170.
2039:, pp. 168–169.
1979:, pp. 166–167.
1952:, pp. 165–166.
1940:, pp. 163–165.
1928:, pp. 162–164.
1916:, pp. 172–173.
1901:, pp. 101–103.
1846:, pp. 129–131.
1834:, pp. 128–129.
1587:
1557:Battle of the Somme
1401:(Brigadier-General
1000:and Passchendaele (
946:Battle of the Somme
871:Associated articles
588:Hartmannswillerkopf
448:Invasion of Belgium
364:Associated articles
202:14–18 February: 329
93: /
77:near Ypres, Belgium
4730:Explosions in 1916
4636:Treaty of Lausanne
4551:Paris Economy Pact
4485:UK against Germany
4415:Entry into the war
4381:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
4100:Ottoman casualties
3910:Franco-Turkish War
3790:Post-War conflicts
3774:Russian Revolution
3756:Invasion of Darfur
3721:Kelantan rebellion
3709:Kurdish rebellions
3685:Mexican Revolution
3525:October Revolution
3490:Kerensky offensive
3465:Capture of Baghdad
3442:Monastir offensive
3427:Brusilov offensive
3265:Battle of Kolubara
3104:Russo-Japanese War
1765:. There are three
1580:British casualties
1579:
1304:Royal Flying Corps
1263:was relieving the
1226:
1172:Theodor von Watter
1154:Division (General
1078:
978:
933:set-piece attack.
56:The Bluff, St Eloi
4760:March 1916 events
4735:Conflicts in 1916
4702:
4701:
4685:
4684:
4669:The Golden Virgin
4663:Mutilated victory
4644:
4643:
4624:Treaty of Trianon
4619:Treaty of Neuilly
4526:Damascus Protocol
4399:
4398:
4359:Armenian genocide
4316:Allied blockades
4288:Belgian refugees
4071:
4070:
3981:Strategic bombing
3957:
3956:
3942:Franco-Syrian War
3916:Greco-Turkish War
3904:Anglo-Turkish War
3887:Polish–Soviet War
3821:German Revolution
3797:Russian Civil War
3780:Finnish Civil War
3613:Battle of Megiddo
3588:Battle of Goychay
3535:Battle of Cambrai
3495:Battle of Mărăști
3410:Battle of Jutland
3390:Erzurum offensive
3245:Siege of Przemyśl
3225:Siege of Tsingtao
3210:Battle of Galicia
3140:Second Balkan War
3128:Italo-Turkish War
3085:Pre-War conflicts
3071:
3070:
2961:Portuguese Empire
2877:
2876:
2839:German New Guinea
2821:Asian and Pacific
2475:978-0-352-30970-9
2394:on 26 August 2011
2362:978-1-84415-962-8
2343:978-1-84342-581-6
2324:978-0-89839-223-4
2302:978-0-89839-185-5
2263:978-1-86227-237-8
1678:1,622 casualties,
1666:
1665:
1586:
1583:(19 December 1915
1475:5:00 to 5:45 p.m.
1144:proposed to sink
895:
894:
721:Nivelle offensive
495:Trouée de Charmes
392:
391:
270:
269:
130:
129:
102:50.81389; 2.92444
16:(Redirected from
4767:
4715:History of Ypres
4629:Treaty of Sèvres
4521:Treaty of London
4412:
4190:Northeast France
4121:
4093:Parliamentarians
4026:
3988:Chemical weapons
3966:
3727:Senussi campaign
3697:Muscat rebellion
3691:Maritz rebellion
3608:Vardar offensive
3437:Battle of Romani
3405:Battle of Asiago
3395:Battle of Verdun
3359:Kosovo offensive
3134:First Balkan War
3082:
2981:Russian Republic
2890:
2684:
2626:Economic history
2593:
2586:
2579:
2570:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2523:on 11 April 2008
2504:
2502:
2500:
2479:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2393:
2387:. Archived from
2378:
2366:
2347:
2328:
2306:
2287:
2267:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1803:
1751:Spring Offensive
1730:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1670:1,294 casualties
1588:
1582:
1537:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1476:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1420:
1417:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1347:
1342:Grenadier Guards
1326:
1281:
1270:
1251:
1230:Battle of Verdun
1200:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1174:) with the 26th
1153:
1147:
1112:by the Germans.
1111:
1096:
1090:
1036:Ploegsteert Wood
1033:
1024:
1020:
1016:
920:, south-east of
912:and the British
834:St Quentin Canal
429:
419:
412:
405:
396:
304:
296:
289:
282:
273:
229:
228:
222:
159:
158:
147:
145:
144:
108:
107:
105:
104:
103:
98:
94:
91:
90:
89:
86:
62:
61:
54:
34:
21:
18:The Bluff, Ypres
4775:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4725:1916 in Belgium
4705:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4681:
4640:
4572:
4565:
4536:Treaty of Darin
4504:
4466:
4422:Austria-Hungary
4408:
4395:
4376:Rape of Belgium
4303:
4275:
4223:
4217:Western Armenia
4212:Eastern Galicia
4145:
4119:
4083:
4082:Civilian impact
4081:
4067:
4024:
3953:
3785:
3715:Ovambo Uprising
3667:
3549:
3451:
3378:
3296:Battle of Łomża
3279:
3275:Christmas truce
3250:Race to the Sea
3183:
3145:
3067:
3038:Austria-Hungary
3014:
2949:Empire of Japan
2886:
2884:
2873:
2857:U-boat campaign
2843:
2815:
2777:
2729:
2675:
2656:Popular culture
2602:
2597:
2560:
2547:
2545:
2535:
2526:
2524:
2514:
2498:
2496:
2482:
2476:
2466:War Underground
2463:
2455:
2453:Further reading
2450:
2441:
2439:
2433:
2424:
2422:
2413:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2376:
2369:
2363:
2350:
2344:
2331:
2325:
2309:
2303:
2290:
2270:
2264:
2251:
2242:
2237:
2229:
2225:
2217:
2213:
2205:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2178:
2174:
2166:, p. 154;
2162:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2138:
2131:
2123:
2119:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2071:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2023:
2019:
2011:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1987:
1983:
1975:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1905:
1897:
1893:
1885:
1881:
1873:
1862:
1854:
1850:
1842:
1838:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1816:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1759:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1549:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1474:
1473:was fired from
1456:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1439:
1435:
1434:on 1 March for
1431:
1428:Herbert Uniacke
1419:23/24 February,
1418:
1415:
1411:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1360:
1355:
1345:
1325:5 to 8 February
1324:
1292:
1269:184 casualties.
1268:
1224:
1216:
1211:
1198:
1194:
1145:
1118:
1076:
1068:
1031:
1022:
1018:
1014:
976:
968:
963:
906:First World War
898:
897:
896:
891:
868:
672:Vimy Ridge 1916
549:Race to the Sea
517:1st St. Quentin
439:
430:
425:
423:
393:
388:
361:
342:Gas: Wulverghem
305:
302:
300:
266:
265:
264:
263:
262:
243:
237:
236:
235:
234:
230:
209:2–4 March:1,622
208:
203:
153:
142:
140:
122:
116:British victory
101:
99:
95:
92:
87:
84:
82:
80:
79:
78:
55:
44:First World War
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4773:
4771:
4763:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4707:
4706:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4672:
4665:
4660:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4601:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4581:
4575:
4573:
4571:Peace treaties
4570:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4512:
4510:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4476:
4474:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4457:United Kingdom
4454:
4449:
4447:Ottoman Empire
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4409:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4351:
4349:Sack of Dinant
4346:
4341:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4313:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4297:United Kingdom
4294:
4285:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4257:
4251:POW locations
4249:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4233:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4206:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4167:
4159:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4127:
4125:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4102:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4086:
4084:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4051:United Kingdom
4048:
4046:Ottoman Empire
4043:
4038:
4032:
4030:
4023:
4022:
4020:Trench warfare
4017:
4016:
4015:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3972:
3970:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3945:
3939:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3919:
3913:
3907:
3896:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3736:
3733:Volta-Bani War
3730:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3682:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3578:Zeebrugge Raid
3575:
3570:
3565:
3559:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3461:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3369:Battle of Loos
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3260:Black Sea raid
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3162:Historiography
3153:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3116:Bosnian Crisis
3113:
3110:Tangier Crisis
3107:
3101:
3095:
3088:
3086:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3043:Ottoman Empire
3040:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3022:
3020:Central Powers
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3003:British Empire
2998:United Kingdom
2995:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2976:Russian Empire
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2894:Entente Powers
2887:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2862:North Atlantic
2853:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2787:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2773:Central Arabia
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2739:
2737:
2735:Middle Eastern
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2710:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2692:
2690:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2636:Historiography
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2559:
2558:External links
2556:
2555:
2554:
2544:on 5 July 2008
2533:
2515:Baker, Chris.
2506:
2505:
2480:
2474:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2431:
2405:
2404:
2367:
2361:
2348:
2342:
2329:
2323:
2311:Edmonds, J. E.
2307:
2301:
2288:
2272:Edmonds, J. E.
2268:
2262:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2223:
2211:
2209:, p. 172.
2196:
2184:
2172:
2170:, p. 143.
2164:Nicholson 1962
2156:
2144:
2129:
2127:, p. 243.
2117:
2105:
2093:
2081:
2075:, p. 90;
2065:
2053:
2041:
2029:
2017:
2015:, p. 168.
2005:
1993:
1981:
1966:
1964:, p. 173.
1954:
1942:
1930:
1918:
1903:
1891:
1889:, p. 165.
1879:
1877:, p. 164.
1860:
1848:
1836:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1787:Woods Cemetery
1784:
1779:
1770:war cemeteries
1758:
1755:
1737:tunnel warfare
1719:
1716:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1576:
1573:
1565:Battle of Loos
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1532:Mills grenades
1486:
1483:
1410:
1407:
1395:16/17 February
1359:
1358:14–16 February
1356:
1354:
1351:
1317:Herbert Plumer
1291:
1288:
1222:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1183:Württembergers
1130:Sanctuary Wood
1117:
1114:
1088:Grosse Bastion
1074:
1067:
1064:
1052:Sanctuary Wood
1040:Spanbroekmolen
974:
967:
966:Ypres district
964:
962:
959:
908:by the German
893:
892:
890:
889:
884:
879:
867:
866:
864:Lys and Escaut
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
805:
804:
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794:
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766:
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659:
654:
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632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
611:
610:
600:
595:
593:Neuve Chapelle
590:
585:
574:
573:
568:
566:Winter actions
563:
562:
561:
556:
546:
541:
536:
531:
529:Grand Couronné
526:
521:
520:
519:
514:
509:
499:
498:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
467:
466:
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360:
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349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
310:
307:
306:
301:
299:
298:
291:
284:
276:
268:
267:
244:
239:
238:
232:
231:
224:
223:
217:
216:
215:
214:
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210:
205:
199:
198:
194:
193:
190:
186:
185:
181:
180:
175:
169:
168:
164:
163:
161:United Kingdom
151:
137:
136:
132:
131:
128:
127:
124:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
76:
74:
70:
69:
66:
58:
57:
47:
46:
39:
38:
32:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4772:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
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4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
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4713:
4712:
4710:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4688:
4678:
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4617:
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4612:
4610:
4607:
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4602:
4600:
4597:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4568:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
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4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4462:United States
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
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4360:
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4350:
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4333:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
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4270:
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4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4079:
4074:
4064:
4063:United States
4061:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4021:
4018:
4014:
4013:Convoy system
4011:
4010:
4009:
4008:Naval warfare
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3937:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3923:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3768:Kaocen revolt
3766:
3763:
3762:Easter Rising
3760:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3334:Great Retreat
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3205:Battle of Cer
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3122:Agadir Crisis
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3010:United States
3008:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2927:French Empire
2925:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2880:
2870:
2869:Mediterranean
2867:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2849:Naval warfare
2846:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2725:Italian Front
2723:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2713:Eastern Front
2711:
2709:
2708:Western Front
2706:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2666:Puppet states
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2582:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2452:
2437:
2432:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2375:
2374:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2239:
2232:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2145:
2142:, p. 91.
2141:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2030:
2027:, p. 87.
2026:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2003:, p. 88.
2002:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1858:, p. 72.
1857:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1802:
1799:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1757:Commemoration
1756:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1729:50 casualties
1725:
1717:
1715:
1699:. There were
1662:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1646:
1645:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1629:
1622:
1621:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1605:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1546:
1541:
1539:
1533:
1515:
1508:252 prisoners
1500:181 prisoners
1484:
1482:
1480:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1443:
1429:
1423:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1381:
1357:
1352:
1350:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1274:24th Division
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1248:Generaloberst
1243:
1239:
1235:
1234:Western Front
1231:
1220:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1199:21/22 January
1195:21/22 January
1190:
1184:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1104:
1100:
1099:Ypres Salient
1095:
1094:Kanal Bastion
1089:
1084:
1072:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1047:enfilade fire
1043:
1041:
1037:
1029:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
972:
965:
960:
958:
955:
949:
947:
943:
939:
934:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
874:
873:
872:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
839:Meuse-Argonne
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
782:
778:
777:
776:
773:
772:
771:
770:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
753:Passchendaele
751:
749:
746:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
723:
722:
719:
717:
716:
712:
710:
707:
706:
705:
704:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
638:
637:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
615:2nd Champagne
613:
609:
606:
605:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
583:1st Champagne
581:
580:
579:
578:
572:
569:
567:
564:
560:
557:
555:
552:
551:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
504:
503:
502:Great Retreat
500:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
472:
471:
468:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
450:
449:
446:
444:
441:
440:
438:
433:
428:
427:Western Front
420:
415:
413:
408:
406:
401:
400:
397:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
372:Ypres Salient
370:
369:
368:
367:
366:
365:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
314:
313:
308:
297:
292:
290:
285:
283:
278:
277:
274:
260:
259:Ypres Salient
256:
252:
248:
242:
221:
212:
206:
201:
200:
195:
191:
188:
187:
182:
179:
176:
174:
171:
170:
165:
162:
157:
152:
150:
149:German Empire
139:
138:
133:
125:
120:
119:
115:
112:
111:
106:
75:
72:
71:
67:
64:
63:
59:
53:
48:
45:
40:
35:
30:
19:
4674:
4667:
4655:
4262: /
4194:
4029:Conscription
3993:Cryptography
3930:Iraqi Revolt
3364:Siege of Kut
3307:
2885:participants
2834:German Samoa
2768:South Arabia
2546:. Retrieved
2542:the original
2525:. Retrieved
2521:the original
2508:
2507:
2497:. Retrieved
2484:
2465:
2457:
2456:
2440:. Retrieved
2423:. Retrieved
2419:the original
2415:"Palingbeek"
2407:
2406:
2396:. Retrieved
2389:the original
2372:
2352:
2333:
2314:
2292:
2275:
2253:
2245:
2244:
2226:
2219:Edmonds 1995
2214:
2207:Edmonds 1993
2192:Edmonds 1993
2187:
2175:
2159:
2152:Edmonds 1993
2147:
2125:Edmonds 1993
2120:
2113:Edmonds 1993
2108:
2101:Edmonds 1993
2096:
2089:Edmonds 1993
2084:
2077:Edmonds 1993
2068:
2061:Edmonds 1993
2056:
2049:Edmonds 1993
2044:
2037:Edmonds 1993
2032:
2020:
2013:Edmonds 1993
2008:
1996:
1989:Edmonds 1993
1984:
1977:Edmonds 1993
1962:Edmonds 1993
1957:
1950:Edmonds 1993
1945:
1938:Edmonds 1993
1933:
1926:Edmonds 1993
1921:
1914:Edmonds 1993
1894:
1882:
1875:Edmonds 1993
1851:
1844:Edmonds 1925
1839:
1832:Edmonds 1925
1827:
1810:686 suffered
1801:
1772:in the area
1762:
1760:
1721:
1713:321 missing.
1691:casualties,
1667:
1660:
1655:
1585:– June 1916)
1569:
1559:. After the
1553:Douglas Haig
1550:
1516:
1488:
1444:
1424:
1412:
1403:Ernest Pratt
1399:76th Brigade
1382:
1361:
1338:
1333:51st Brigade
1329:52nd Brigade
1293:
1227:
1165:
1126:Railway Wood
1119:
1079:
1044:
1032:1:10 decline
998:Polygon Wood
979:
950:
938:Douglas Haig
935:
901:
899:
870:
869:
829:Saint-Mihiel
797:Belleau Wood
780:
768:
767:
758:La Malmaison
714:
702:
701:
667:Kink Salient
641:
635:
634:
630:Gas: Wieltje
576:
575:
436:
363:
362:
347:Kink Salient
337:Gas: Hulluch
321:
317:Gas: Wieltje
311:
204:2 March: 908
178:Douglas Haig
135:Belligerents
42:Part of the
29:
4292:Netherlands
4269:Switzerland
4150:Occupations
4141:Spanish flu
3918:(1919–1922)
3912:(1918–1921)
3906:(1918–1923)
3895:(1919–1921)
3889:(1919–1921)
3883:(1919–1920)
3859:(1918–1920)
3853:(1918–1920)
3847:(1918–1920)
3829:(1918–1920)
3811:(1918–1920)
3805:(1917–1921)
3799:(1917–1921)
3746:(1916-1918)
3744:Arab Revolt
3735:(1915–1917)
3729:(1915–1917)
3717:(1914-1917)
3711:(1914–1917)
3705:(1914–1921)
3699:(1913–1920)
3687:(1910–1920)
3681:(1900–1920)
3179:July Crisis
3100:(1880–1914)
2763:Mesopotamia
2641:Home fronts
2600:World War I
2499:19 November
2398:20 November
2180:Vijver 2008
1709:172 wounded
1693:229 wounded
1674:311 missing
1536:52,000 more
1523:11:00 a.m.,
1460:-inch, ten
1436:45 minutes,
1296:Second Army
1279:Württemberg
1189:Württemberg
1177:Württemberg
1166:Württemberg
1151:Württemberg
1124:, Hill 60,
1060:Vlamertinge
982:Kemmel Hill
914:Second Army
849:2nd Cambrai
687:Boar's Head
677:Mont Sorrel
189:2 regiments
121:Territorial
100: /
4709:Categories
4509:Agreements
4309:War crimes
4185:Luxembourg
4078:Casualties
2956:Montenegro
2791:South West
2671:Technology
2661:Propaganda
2651:Opposition
2240:References
2168:Jones 2010
1899:Jones 2010
1807:1,664 with
1742:camouflets
1701:908 German
1697:25 missing
1672:including
1575:Casualties
1479:18-pounder
1377:31 and 32.
1308:6 Squadron
1083:Voormezele
1002:Passendale
986:Wijtschate
961:Background
662:Wulverghem
625:3rd Artois
603:2nd Artois
571:1st Artois
352:Vimy Ridge
249:, between
192:2 brigades
88:02°55′28″E
85:50°48′50″N
4406:Diplomacy
4113:Olympians
4036:Australia
4003:Logistics
3936:Vlora War
3865:(1918–19)
3841:(1918–19)
3835:(1918–19)
3823:(1918–19)
3770:(1916–17)
3752:(1916–17)
3703:Zaian War
3693:(1914–15)
3420:first day
3308:Lusitania
3136:(1912–13)
3130:(1911–12)
3118:(1908–09)
3112:(1905–06)
3094:(1870–71)
2883:Principal
2743:Gallipoli
2646:Memorials
2631:Geography
2621:Aftermath
2494:613625502
2313:(1995) .
2284:220044986
1820:Footnotes
1542:Aftermath
1527:3:15 p.m.
1519:9:30 a.m.
1510:although
1504:5:10 a.m.
1495:4:30 a.m.
1491:4:15 a.m.
1440:2:00 a.m.
1432:5:00 p.m.
1416:22/23 and
1390:6:00 a.m.
1385:7:30 a.m.
1373:6:32 p.m.
1369:6:05 p.m.
1364:5:45 p.m.
1346:3:30 p.m.
1298:(General
1259:) as the
1170:(General
1066:The Bluff
1056:Poperinge
1023:1:75; the
1011:Zonnebeke
1006:Hollebeke
844:5th Ypres
824:2nd Somme
802:2nd Marne
792:3rd Aisne
741:The Hills
736:2nd Aisne
697:Fromelles
692:1st Somme
642:The Bluff
608:Hébuterne
598:2nd Ypres
559:1st Ypres
539:1st Aisne
534:1st Marne
507:Le Cateau
485:Charleroi
470:Frontiers
357:Mt Sorrel
322:The Bluff
233:The Bluff
37:The Bluff
4694:Category
4281:Refugees
4247:Italians
4236:Germans
4196:Ober Ost
3976:Aviation
3077:Timeline
3048:Bulgaria
2829:Tsingtao
2806:Togoland
2753:Caucasus
2688:European
2680:Theatres
2509:Websites
2408:Websites
2385:59609928
2274:(1925).
2231:PWV 2008
1707:killed,
1689:75 fatal
1615:February
1599:December
1547:Analysis
1464:, four
1257:Boezinge
1242:4th Army
1238:5th Army
1146:20 or 30
1109:Der Helm
1019:1:60 and
910:4th Army
854:Courtrai
809:Soissons
748:Messines
715:Alberich
524:Maubeuge
480:Ardennes
475:Lorraine
443:Moresnet
184:Strength
73:Location
4432:Germany
4332:Germany
4260:Germany
4180:Belgium
4165:Albania
4124:Disease
4104:Sports
4056:Ireland
3969:Warfare
3962:Aspects
3157:Origins
3150:Prelude
3053:Senussi
3033:Germany
3028:Leaders
2966:Romania
2907:Belgium
2902:Leaders
2801:Kamerun
2783:African
2718:Romania
2696:Balkans
2611:Outline
1681:924 men
1661:125,141
1650:37,121
1642:22,418
1634:19,886
1626:17,814
1618:12,182
1607:January
1485:2 March
1477:and an
1455:⁄
1371:and by
1313:V Corps
1209:Prelude
1134:St Eloi
990:Hill 60
930:Comines
926:Belgium
918:St Eloi
819:Ailette
787:The Lys
781:Michael
763:Cambrai
657:Hulluch
652:St Eloi
544:Antwerp
332:St Eloi
312:Actions
257:in the
255:Hill 60
251:St Eloi
123:changes
4452:Russia
4427:France
4255:Canada
4170:Serbia
4041:Canada
3998:Horses
3950:(1921)
3944:(1920)
3938:(1920)
3932:(1920)
3924:(1920)
3877:(1919)
3871:(1919)
3817:(1918)
3782:(1918)
3776:(1917)
3764:(1916)
3758:(1916)
3723:(1915)
3142:(1913)
3124:(1911)
3106:(1905)
3063:Darfur
2988:Serbia
2971:Russia
2934:Greece
2922:France
2912:Brazil
2758:Persia
2701:Serbia
2492:
2472:
2383:
2359:
2340:
2321:
2299:
2282:
2260:
1733:Mining
1705:41 men
1610:9,974
1602:5,675
1594:Total
1591:Month
1462:2-inch
1353:Action
1116:Mining
859:Sambre
814:Amiens
682:Verdun
512:Étreux
458:Dinant
146:
113:Result
4649:Other
4442:Japan
4437:Italy
4264:camps
4108:Rugby
2944:Japan
2939:Italy
2917:China
2811:North
2548:5 May
2527:5 May
2458:Books
2442:5 May
2425:5 May
2392:(PDF)
2377:(PDF)
2246:Books
1793:Notes
1656:Total
1631:April
1623:March
1512:47 of
1168:Corps
1164:XIII
1122:Hooge
1028:Mesen
1015:1:33.
994:Hooge
922:Ypres
726:Arras
709:Ancre
463:Namur
453:Liège
247:Ypres
4229:POWs
3555:1918
3457:1917
3383:1916
3284:1915
3188:1914
2993:Siam
2796:East
2550:2008
2529:2008
2501:2016
2490:OCLC
2470:ISBN
2444:2008
2427:2008
2400:2016
2381:OCLC
2357:ISBN
2338:ISBN
2319:ISBN
2297:ISBN
2280:OCLC
2258:ISBN
1735:and
1711:and
1695:and
1647:June
1397:the
1158:von
1156:Graf
900:The
769:1918
731:Vimy
703:1917
636:1916
620:Loos
577:1915
554:Yser
490:Mons
437:1914
253:and
65:Date
1685:698
1639:May
1383:By
1362:By
1091:or
1058:to
988:),
924:in
4711::
2199:^
2132:^
1969:^
1906:^
1863:^
1132:,
1128:,
996:,
4080:/
2592:e
2585:t
2578:v
2552:.
2531:.
2503:.
2478:.
2446:.
2429:.
2402:.
2365:.
2346:.
2327:.
2305:.
2286:.
2266:.
2233:.
2182:.
1457:2
1453:1
1450:+
1448:1
1244:(
1026:(
418:e
411:t
404:v
295:e
288:t
281:v
261:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
